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Skeletal System - Skeletal System - “Lower Extremity”“Lower Extremity”
Appendicular - Lower ExtremityAppendicular - Lower Extremity
__ Total Bones__ Total Bones Hipbone (1) = Hipbone (1) = Femur (1) = 2Femur (1) = 2 Tibia (1) = Tibia (1) = _______ (1) = 2_______ (1) = 2 Patella (1) = 2Patella (1) = 2 Tarsals (7) = Tarsals (7) = __________ (5) = 10__________ (5) = 10 Phalanges (14) = Phalanges (14) =
Pelvic GirdlePelvic Girdle
____________________________ Formed by fusion of _____ bonesFormed by fusion of _____ bones
Ilium (superior)Ilium (superior)Ischium (__________and posterior)Ischium (__________and posterior)____________ (inferior and anterior)____________ (inferior and anterior)
Strong and stable support for Strong and stable support for ____________ column ____________ column
Ilium Ilium (superior)(superior) ““Flank”Flank” Most ___________ and largest hipboneMost ___________ and largest hipbone
Lateral View
Medial View
Ischium Ischium (inferior & posterior)(inferior & posterior)
““Hip”Hip” Inferior, posterior portion of the hipboneInferior, posterior portion of the hipbone
Pubis Pubis (inferior & anterior)(inferior & anterior)
““______________ mature”______________ mature” Anterior and inferior part of the hipboneAnterior and inferior part of the hipbone
PelvisPelvis
Together with the sacrum and coccyx, Together with the sacrum and coccyx, the two hipbones form the basin-like the two hipbones form the basin-like “Pelvis”“Pelvis”
Pelvic Brim / Inlet:Pelvic Brim / Inlet:• seperates the superior and inferior portions of seperates the superior and inferior portions of
the pelvisthe pelvis• is the superior boundary of pelvis oblique planeis the superior boundary of pelvis oblique plane
PelvicBrim / Inlet
Plane from sacrum
tosup. pubicsymphysis
Female PelvisFemale Pelvis• Wide pelvic outletWide pelvic outlet• ShallowShallow
Male PelvisMale Pelvis• Narrow pelvic outletNarrow pelvic outlet• DeepDeep
Female PelvisFemale Pelvis• ______ pelvic outlet______ pelvic outlet• ShallowShallow• Pubic arch > 90-degPubic arch > 90-deg
Male PelvisMale Pelvis• __________ pelvic outlet__________ pelvic outlet• DeepDeep• Pubic arch < 90-degPubic arch < 90-deg
FemurFemur
““Thighbone”Thighbone” _________, heaviest, _________, heaviest,
and ______ bone in bodyand ______ bone in body Head of femur Head of femur Proximally _________ Proximally _________
with hipbone at the with hipbone at the
______________________________ _________ articulates _________ articulates
with tibia and patellawith tibia and patella
Femur – Proximal EndFemur – Proximal End
Anterior
TibiaTibia
““__________Shinbone”__________Shinbone” Larger, medial bone of Larger, medial bone of
lower leglower leg Bears _________ of Bears _________ of
body’s weightybody’s weighty Proximal articulation Proximal articulation
with _______ and with _______ and ____________________
_________ articulation _________ articulation with fibula and taluswith fibula and talus
Tibia - Distal EndTibia - Distal End
Medial Malleolus Medial Malleolus “medial ankle bone”“medial ankle bone”
Medial Malleolus
Fibular Notch
Anterior
FibulaFibula
_______ “shinbone”_______ “shinbone” Thinner and smaller Thinner and smaller
than tibiathan tibia Does not bear much Does not bear much
bodyweight (non-bodyweight (non-weight bearing)weight bearing)
PatellaPatella
““Kneecap”Kneecap” Largest ________boneLargest ________bone Subcutaneous and Subcutaneous and
easily _____________easily _____________ Increases __________ Increases __________
for quadriceps musclesfor quadriceps muscles Lies anterior to distal Lies anterior to distal
femurfemur
Tarsal BonesTarsal Bones
__________________________ Heel boneHeel bone
TalusTalus Most superior and Most superior and
articulates with tibiaarticulates with tibia NavicularNavicular
__________________________ __________________________
LateralLateral
____________________________ Medial (1st)Medial (1st) Intermediate (2nd)Intermediate (2nd) Lateral (3rd)Lateral (3rd)
Medial Cuneiform
Cuboid
Navicular
Talus
Calcaneus
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform
Superior
MetatarsalsMetatarsals
5 per foot5 per foot Numbered 1-5 Numbered 1-5
from big toe to little from big toe to little toetoe
ex: Big Toe ex: Big Toe “___________” =1“___________” =1
ex: Pinky Toe= 5ex: Pinky Toe= 5
1 2 3 4 5
PhalangesPhalanges
14 bones of the toes14 bones of the toes ____ per toe____ per toe ____ per big toe____ per big toe Regions:Regions:
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________