Skeletal System

Functions

•Provide support•Protect internal organs•Allows your body to move•Stores and produces materials that your body needs

Development of Bones

•Newborn skeleton is made up of cartilage–Cartilage- a tough supporting tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone

Structure of bone• Compact bone- make up the outer

layer of all bones• Spongy bone- contains flat and

needlelike structures that resist stress

• Bone marrow- tissue that fills the spaces in bones

Joints• Joint- a place in your body where two

or more of your bones come together• Types of joints (know examples of

each):– Pivot: Head and neck– Ball and socket: Shoulder or Hip– Hinge: Elbow or Finger or Knee– Gliding: Wrist or Ankle

• Ligaments-what holds bones to bones at joints

Keep Bones Healthy• Eat well• Exercise

– Weight bearing exercises

• Avoid injuries– Bone injuries

•Fracture– Joint injuries

•Sprain•Dislocation

Arthritis: inflammation of a joint

• Involves the breakdown of cartilage of – Cartilage absorbs shock when pressure is

placed on joint

Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis

Muscular System

Voluntary vs. Involuntary

•Voluntary Movement – movement that is under our conscious control

•Involuntary Movement – muscles that are not under our conscious control

Types of Muscles

• Skeletal muscle- voluntary muscle that we control to do activities

• Cardiac muscle- involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart

• Smooth muscle- involuntary muscles that causes movements within your body

How Muscles Work• Contracting (becoming shorter and

thicker)• For each contraction, the fibers that

contract:– Will depend on the amount of force

required– Will contract completely

• Muscles work in PAIRS

Keeping Healthy

• Include warm-up and cool-down• Work muscles for both

endurance and strength• Avoid muscle injuries

–Strain –Tendonitis