SKELETAL SYSTEM

ANATOMY

THE SKELETAL SYSTEMFunctions : Protection for vital organs Serves as levers for movement Storage site for minerals Site for blood formation

Parts or layers of bone: Periosteum Compact bone Bone Marrow Cartilage

PERIOSTEUM

The fibrous sheath that covers bones. It contains the blood vessels and nerves that provide nourishment and sensation to the bone.

COMPACT BONE

honeycombed passages for blood vessels and nerves bony tissue

calcium Phosphorus

BONE MARROW gelatinous Yellow marrow mostly fat Red marrow

red blood cells white blood cells platelets

PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Viesceral skeleton

AXIAL SKELETON

vertebral column (Columna vertebralis)

Ribs (Os Costae) Sternum (Os Sternum) Skull (Ossa Cranii)

COLUMNA VERTEBARLIS Protects spinal cord Consist of :

Vertebrae cervicalesVertebrae thoracalesVertebrae lumbalesVertebrae sacralesVertebrae cocygeae

VERTEBRAE CERVICALES Involved with head and neck

movement Most flexible part of the Axial

Skeleton Seven V. Cervicales in all species

VERTEBRAE THORACALES Limited movement and flexibility Located at the dorsal area of thoracic

region

VERTEBRAE LUMBALES Framework for loin area More flexibility than thoracic but less

than cervical

VERTEBRAE SACRALES Formed by the fusion of five

vertebrae, and is conveniently described as a single, the sacrum

VERTEBRAE COCYGEAE

RIBS (COSTAE)

STERNUM A median segmental bone. It consists of

six to eight bony segments (sternebrae) connected by intervening cartilage in the young animal

SKULL (OSSA CRANII) Divide into :

The cranial bones (Ossa cranii) inclose the brain with its membranes and vessels and the essential organs of hearing

The facial bones (Ossa facici) form the skeleton of the oral and nasal cavities and also support the pharynx, larynx and the root of the tongue

OS CRANIIConsist of : The occipital bone (Os occipitale/tulang kepala

belakang)

The sphenoid bone (Os sphenoidale/tulang baji)

The Ethmoid bone (Os ethmoidale/tulang taji)

The parietal bones (Ossa parietalia)

The frontal bones (Ossa frontalia/tulang dahi)

The temporal bone (Os temporale/tulang pelipis)

OS FACICIConsist of : The maxillae (tulang rahang atas) The premaxillae (Ossa incisiva/tulang

rahang atas muka) The nasal bones (Ossa nasalia/ tulang

hidung) The lacrimal bones (Ossa

lacrimalia/tulang air mata) The mandible (Mandibula/ rahang

bawah)

APPENDICULAR SKELETON Locomotion Eating Connected to axial Skeleton by

muscles &/or Bony Joints

APPENDICULAR SKELETONDivide into : The thoracic limb (Extremitas

thoracalis) The Pelvic limb (Extremitas pelvina)

THE THORACIC LIMB The shoulder girdle (Cingulum

extremitatis thoracalis) scapula (shoulder blade)

The arm (Brachium) humerus (arm bone)

Forearm (Antibrachium) radius and ulna

Manus (homologoue of the hand in man) carpus, metacarpus, digits (homologus with fingers in human)

SCAPULA

1, the acromion process; 2, scapular spine; 3, the glenoid cavity; and 4, the scapular cartilage

HUMERUS

1, lateral tuberosity; 2, deltoid tuberosity; 3, lateral condyloid crest; 4, coronoid fossa; 5, lateral condyle; 6, medial condyle; 7, musculo-spiral groove; 8, medial tuberosity; 9, intertuberal groove; 10, articular head; 11, medial epicondyle; and 12, lateral epicondyle.

RADIUS AND ULNA

1, distal end of humerus; 2, olecranon fossa; 3, olecranon process;, 4,radius; 5, ulna; and 6, carpal bones.

CARPUS (OSSA CARPI)

AC, accessory carpal; C, carpal; IC, intermediate carpal; MC, metacarpal; P, phalanges; RC, radial carpal; and UC, ulnar carpal

THE PELVIC LIMBConsist of : The pelvic (Cingulum extremitas

pelvinae) os coxae/hip bone (Ilium, ischium, and pubis)

The thigh (femur)

The skeleton of the leg (Crus) tibia, fibula and patella

The pes (homologue of the foot in human) tarsus, metatarsus and digits

FEMUR1, trochanter major; 2, head of femur; 3, trochanteric fossa; 4, neck of femur; 5, trochanter minor; 6, lateral supracondyloid crest; 7, supracondyloid fossa; 8, trochlea; 9, extensor fossa; 10, lateral epicondyle; 12, intercondyloid fossa; and 13, medial condyle.

TIBIA AND FIBULA

1, medial condyle, 2, lateral condyle; 3, tibia, and 4, fibula.

THE VIESCERAL SKELETON Consist of certain bones developed in

the substance of some viscera or soft organs, such as : os penis of the dog, and os cordis of the ox

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES (BASED ON THE SHAPE) Long bones (Ossa longa) humerus,

femur

Flat bones (Ossa plana) scapula, os coxae

Short bones (Ossa brevia) carpus, tarsus

Irregular bones (Ossa irregularia) vertebral column

HORSE SKELETON

SKELETON OF THE SWINE

http://bovine.unl.edu/bovine3D/