Skeletal System

7th Grade Health

Basic Bone Information

• How many bones are there in the adult human body?– 206

– Newborns have about 350 Why do they have more?

• Their bones fuse together as they get older

• Types of Bones– Long

• Femur, Humerus

– Short

• Carpals

– Irregular

• Vertebrae

– Flat

• Pelvis, Patella

Basic Bone Information

• What is the largest bone in the body?– Femur which accounts for ¼ of your height

• What is the smallest?– Stirrup Bone

• Located in middle ear and is approximately a tenth of an inch big

Functions of the Skeletal System

1. Support• Without bones you would be a giant blob on

the ground

2. Movement• Muscles are connected to bones through

TENDONS

3. Protection• Encases and Protects Vital Organs

• What are some organs it protects?

4. Produce Red Blood Cells

5. Calcium Storage

Parts of the Bone

• Periosteum– Outer most layer of the bone– Tissue laced with vessels and nerves– Responsible for GROWTH and REPAIR

• Compact Bone– Thick mineral material that surrounds the

canals/cavities in bone

• Cartilage– Softer bone tissue that provides cushioning for

bones (shock absorber)– Material that most babies bones are made of

• Over time it hardens into solid bone

Parts of the Bone

• Bone Marrow Cavity– Hollow part of bone where your bone marrow is

stored

• Spongy Bone– Part of bone that has spaces between them– Just as strong as compact bone but lighter– Stores Red Marrow (where Red Blood Cells are

produced)

Bone Breakdown

• Skull (Cranium)– 29 Bones (8 that cover brain)

• Vertebrae– 26

• Ribs– 24 and sternum

• Upper Limb– 30 each side

• Lower Limbs– 30 each side

Common vs. Medical Terms

• Common Name1. Skull

2. Jaw

3. Neck

4. Collar

5. Shoulder

6. Breast Plate

7. Funny Bone

8. Forearm (thumb)

9. Forearm (pinky)

10.Wrist

11.Hand

12.Fingers

13.Ribs

• Medical Name1. Cranium

2. Mandible

3. Cervical Vertebrae

4. Clavicle

5. Scapula

6. Sternum

7. Humerus

8. Radius

9. Ulna

10.Carpals

11.Metacarpals

12.Phalanges

13.Ribs

Common vs. Medical Terms

• Common14.Spine

15.Middle Back

16.Lower Back

17.Tailbone

18.Hips

19.Thigh

20.Knee Cap

21.Shin

22.Calf

23.Ankle

24.Foot

25.Toes

• Medical14.Vertebrae

15.Thoracic Vertebrae

16.Lumbar Vertebrae

17.Sacrum

18.Pelvis

19.Femur

20.Patella

21.Tibia

22.Fibula

23.Tarsal

24.Metatarsal

25.Phalanges

Time to build our skeleton friend

Injuries to Skeletal System

• Fractures– Greenstick

• A break in which the bone splinters and does not completely break

• Occurs mainly in children and adolescents– Why?

– Complete• Simple: happens when there is a complete

break in the bone• Compound: happens when there is a

complete break in the bone and the bone breaks the skin

Injuries Continued

• Dislocations– Occurs at Joints:

• Joints: a place where two bones meet– When two bones that are connected move out

of place• Ex.

– Shoulder Dislocation» When the head of the humerus

moves out of the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Diseases of the Skeletal System• Scoliosis

– Sideways curvature of the spine– Treatment

• Observation• Physical Therapy (helps strengthen the muscles

around the spine)• Brace• Surgery

• Osteoarthritis (arthritis)– Breakdown of cartilage that causes pain, swelling,

and stiffness in joints– Caused by wear and tear of joints

• Prevention– Move joints through pain free range of motion

daily– Do not overwork sore joints– Weight management

• Treatment– Exercise (flexibility, strength training, aerobic)– Diet– Medication– Rest

Diseases of the Skeletal System

• Osteoporosis:– Thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone

density over time– Occurs when body fails to make enough new

bone or old bone is reabsorbed through the body

– Most common bone disease (estimated 10 million Americans)

• Help prevent by– Calcium– Over 50 years old (especially females)

should take extra vitamins to help prevent

Caring for our bones

• CALCIUM– Found in dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt

– Green vegetables

– Avoid excess protein and sodium (salt)

• EXERCISE– Weight bearing and aerobic

– Change up the exercise so your body does not get into a routine

• BRUSH YOUR TEETH

• BE CAREFUL– The more risks you take and the more damage you

do to your bones, the weaker they will become as you get older

The Real Deal on Cracking Your Knuckles• What's really happening when you "crack" your

knuckles is that you are either pushing the joint back into or out of its normal position.

• Joints are the meeting points of two separate bones which are held together by connecting tissues and ligaments.

• A thick, clear lubricant (made mostly of carbon dioxide and some nitrogen) called synovial fluid is found between the bones.

• When you stretch or pull your finger to get that desired popping noise, you are causing the bones to pull apart.

• Pressure is reduced on the synovial fluid and bubbles form that quickly expand and then burst - which is why you get that noise.