1

Size and Shape

2

Allometry

(scaling)

3

AllometryScaling—compensation

“Incongruity”

Protorohippus

Mesohippus

Miohippus

Merychippus

Equus

Skull

Face

Young

Colt

Juvenile

Adult

Skull

Face

Evolution

Growth

Protorohippus

4

Mesohippus Merychippus

Irish “elk” (deer)

5

SHAPE

DuBrul

CavyHare

Rat

Hare Cavy

Pika

Hare

Pika

Rat

Hare

Cavy

Rat—normal

Rat—exp

6

7

Proportions

8

CONCLUSIONS

1) Pattern—fixed association parts

2) Evolution of Pattern

amplification—horse family

close down—legless lizards/snakes

RAPID EVOLUTION—modification of a pattern