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SIXTH FORM 2020
PHYSICS
1 hour 30 minutes
Name: …………………………………………..……….……
School: …………………………….……………….….………
Date: …………………………………..………….…………
Instructions to Candidates:
• Write all your answers in this booklet.
• The number of points available is shown on each question.
• Total marks for this paper = 100 points
Total Marks achieved:
Questions Q1.
A student investigates how the minimum current required to support a load using an electromagnet varies as the load is increased.
He uses metal discs to increase the load and changes the current using a variable resistor.
(a) (i) State the independent variable in this investigation.
(1)
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(ii) Give a reason for using a core and a bar made from soft iron. (1)
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(b) The student's results are given in the table.
(i) On the grid, draw a bar chart of current against number of metal discs. (4)
(ii) State why a current is needed when there are no metal discs added to the load. (1)
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(iii) Explain how the student can improve his results. (3)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)
Q2.
A 12 V battery is connected to a component, X, and a fixed resistor, R, as shown
(a) (i) State the name of component X.
(1)
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(ii) Draw a voltmeter on the circuit diagram connected to show the voltage of component X. (2)
(b) The voltage across component X is 12 V.
The resistor R has a value of 840 Ω. Show that the current in ammeter A1 is approximately 0.01 A. Use the equation
voltage = current × resistance
(2)
(c) When the circuit is placed in daylight, the current in A2 is 0.011 A.
(i) Calculate the value of the current through A3. (1)
current = ........................................................... A
(ii) Explain what happens to the current through A3 when the circuit is placed in a darkened room. (2)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q3.
This question is about the motion of a ball.
(a) A ball is at rest on a trapdoor.
Complete the diagram to show the forces acting on the ball. Label the forces.
(3)
(b) The trapdoor swings open and the ball falls to the ground.
The ball does not bounce when it hits the ground.
Show that the final speed of the ball at the instant before it hits the ground is about 5 m/s.
(3)
(c) The graph shows how the distance travelled by the ball changes with time.
(i) Determine the time taken for the ball to hit the ground. (1)
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(ii) State the equation relating average speed, distance moved and time taken. (1)
(iii) Calculate the average speed of the ball after 0.40 s.
(1)
average speed = ........................................................... m/s
(iv) Explain how the graph shows that the ball accelerates when it falls. (3)
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(Total for question = 12 marks)
Q4.
Sound travels as a wave.
(a) A buzzer produces a sound wave of frequency 2.9 kHz and wavelength 12 cm.
(i) State the equation relating wave speed, frequency and wavelength. (1)
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(ii) Calculate the speed of the sound wave. (3)
speed = ........................................................... m/s
(b) Some electromagnetic waves are dangerous to people.
Describe how the dangers of these electromagnetic waves vary with wavelength. (4)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q5.
This question is about waves.
(a) The diagram shows a wave.
(i) What is the wavelength of the wave? (1)
A 4.0 cm
B 4.4 cm
C 5.0 cm
D 8.8 cm
(ii) What is the amplitude of the wave?
(1)
A 4.0 cm
B 4.4 cm
C 5.0 cm
D 8.8 cm
(b) The diagram shows the types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) Which of the following statements about electromagnetic waves is correct? (1)
A they all have the same amplitude B they all have the same frequency C they all have the same speed in free space D they all have the same wavelength
(ii) Electromagnetic waves have many different uses.
Explain the uses of three different radiations in the electromagnetic spectrum. (6)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
Use ......................................................................................................................................
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2 ..........................................................................................................................................
Use ......................................................................................................................................
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3 ..........................................................................................................................................
Use ......................................................................................................................................
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(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q6.
The diagram shows part of an electric motor connected to a battery.
The coil is shown as ABCD. The direction of the current, I, is from A to B.
(a) Draw an arrow showing the direction of the force on side CD of the coil.
(1)
(b) Give one change that can be made to the equipment that will make the motor spin in the opposite direction.
(1)
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(c) Give two changes that can be made to the equipment that will make the motor spin slower.
(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q7.
The diagram shows a skier of weight 830 N skiing down a very steep slope.
The skier starts from rest at point T.
The force of gravity accelerates him down the slope.
(a) When he reaches point B his kinetic energy is 5.5 × 104 J.
State the gravitational potential energy of the skier at T. You should assume there is no friction on the slope.
(1)
gravitational potential energy = ........................................................... J
(b) The skier stops at point P due to friction.
The distance from B to P is 73 m. (i) State the relationship between work done, force and distance moved in the direction of the force.
(1)
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(ii) Calculate the mean frictional force as the skier moves from B to P. 3)
mean force = ........................................................... N
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q8.
(a) Which of these objects orbits a planet?
(1)
A comet
B dwarf star
C galaxy
D moon
(b) What is the correct name for our galaxy?
(1)
A Crab Nebula
B Milky Way
C Solar System
D Universe
(c) Which of these objects has the largest mass?
(1)
A artificial satellite
B comet
C Earth
D Sun
(d) Which of these stars is the coolest?
(1)
A blue star
B orange star
C red star
D yellow star
(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q9.
The graph represents the motion of a cyclist at the start of an Olympic race.
(i) Calculate the initial acceleration.
(2)
acceleration = ........................................................... m/s2
(ii) Another cyclist has a smaller initial acceleration but then reaches a constant velocity of 17 m/s.
Draw her motion on the graph above. (1)
(iii) The cyclists have to keep pedalling to maintain their constant velocity.
Give one reason why they have to keep pedalling to maintain their constant velocity. (1)
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(iv) One cyclist produces an average power output of 600 W during the race.
She completes the race in exactly 4 minutes. Calculate the work done by the cyclist during the race.
(3)
work done = ........................................................... J
(Total for question = 7 marks)
Q10.
The photograph shows a portable petrol-driven generator.
The small petrol engine drives the dynamo. The dynamo generates electricity. This arrangement is not efficient in generating electricity.
Apart from efficiency, state one advantage and one disadvantage this petrol-driven generator has, when compared with a small wind-powered generator.
(i) Advantage (1)
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(ii) Disadvantage (1)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)
Q11.
A student experiments with filament lamps in a circuit.
(a) She starts with one lamp.
Which of these circuits will let her measure the current in the circuit and the potential difference (voltage) across the lamp? Put a cross ( ) in the box under your answer.
(1)
(b) The student finds that the current in the lamp is 0.80 A.
(i) Calculate the amount of charge that passes through the lamp in 4.0 minutes. (3)
charge = ........................................................... C
(ii) The student also finds that the potential difference across the lamp is 3.0 V. Calculate the power of the lamp.
(2)
power = ........................................................... W
(c) The student replaces the lamp in the circuit with a different one.
The current in this lamp is 0.60 A when the potential difference across it is 3.0 V. State how the resistance of this lamp compares to the resistance of the first lamp.
(1)
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(d) The student connects both lamps in parallel to the 3.0 V battery as shown in the diagram.
What is the size of the current in the battery? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1) A 0.2 A B 0.7 A C 1.4 A D 1.8 A
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q12.
There is a piece of music called "The Flight of the Bumble Bee." This takes 4 minutes to play. During this time, a bee flies 1608 m.
Calculate the average speed of the bee.
(3)
speed ........................................................... m/s
Q13.
A car is travelling along a straight road.
(i) The driver has to brake suddenly.
The thinking distance is 18 m and the braking distance is 55 m. Calculate the stopping distance of the car.
(1)
stopping distance = ........................................................... m
(ii) State one factor that could increase the driver's reaction time.
(1)
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(iii) State one factor that could increase the braking distance of the car.
(1)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
Q14.
X-rays and gamma rays have different uses.
Describe one use for X-rays and one use for gamma rays.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks) Q15.
The graphs show how the current in a component changes with the voltage applied across the component.
Draw a line from each component to its correct graph.
(2)
Q16.
The International Space Station (ISS) has several solar panels called wings.
(a) The wings convert energy from the Sun into a form useful in the ISS.
(1) A transverse and electromagnetic B electromagnetic but not transverse C transverse but not electromagnetic D neither transverse nor electromagnetic
(b) In one second, the useful energy available from one wing is 34.3 kJ. The energy incident on the wing from the Sun is five times this amount.
What is the percentage efficiency of the wing? (3)
efficiency = ........................................................... %
(c) A wing is in direct sunlight. The ISS is not receiving energy from the wing. The temperature of the wing remains constant.
Explain why the temperature of the wing remains constant in these conditions. (2)
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Q17.
Explain why scientists find it difficult to predict when a tsunami wave will occur.
(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)
Q18.
Improvements in scientific equipment have made it possible for scientists to observe the Universe in greater detail.
Explain one other improvement that has allowed scientists to observe the Universe in more detail.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
Q19. Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. An electric current is the rate of flow of
(1) A atoms B charge C voltage D watts
