Six years since Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident · 2017. 9. 19. · Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident ... valves, a motor-operated valve and the . air-operated valve

Six years since Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Accident

Reiko Fujita Japan Science and Technology Agency

Decontamination Adviser of Fukushima prefecture

Former President of Atomic Energy Society of Japan Former Chief Fellow of Toshiba Corporation

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Biography • Sept.30 1982 Graduated Ph.D of Chemistry in Tokyo

Institute of Technology (T.I.T.)

• Apr. 1 1983 Nuclear Engineering Laboratory

Toshiba Corporation

Specialty: Radioactive waste treatment

• June 1 1988 Argonne National Laboratory, US

Specialty: Pyro-chemical research

• July 1 1999 Nuclear Engineering Laboratory. Toshiba Corp.

Specialty: Pyro-chemical Process Development

• Apr. 1 1994 Research Specialist

Nuclear Engineering Laboratory

Biography １９９４－１９９９年 Temporary Professor, Nuclear Laboratory, T. I. T. Specialty: Self-Consistent Nuclear Energy System （SCNES) collaborated with Professor Y.Fujiie and R.Takagi • Apr.1 2001 Chief Specialist Specialty: Molten salt chemistry in radioactive waste treatment • Apr.1 2008 Fellow, Power and Industrial systems R&D Center, Toshiba Corp. Specialty: Chemical process R&D in Power and Social systems • Apr. 1 2012 Chief Fellow • June 20 2014 President of Atomic Energy Society of Japan June 23 2014 ＩｍＰＡＣＴ Program Manager “Reduction and Resource Recycling of High-level Radioactive Waste trough Nuclear Transmutation”

Contents Why the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power

Accident (the Fukushima Accident) on March 11, 2011 was occurred ?

Current situation in Japan after Fukushima Accident

The need of new R&D items in Nuclear fields -ImPACT program by Japanese Government- “Reduce and Recycling of High-level Radioactive Waste through Nuclear Transmutation“

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プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートToday’s presentation is as followed.

At first, Current situation in Japan At second, ImPACT program

At third, Reduce and Recycling




The need of new R&D items in Nuclear fields -ImPACT program by Japanese Government- “Reduce and Recycling of High-level Radioactive Waste through Nuclear transmutation“

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Why the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Accident (the Fukushima Accident) on March 11, 2011 was occurred ?

Accident Review Urgent Response Measures Mid- and-long-term Plans

Japanese government policy and trend for environment recovery Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ) Activities of AESJ before and after the Fukushima Accident Fukushima Support Project

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Accident Review (I)

Photo 2. Tsunami that struck the Fukushima Daiichi NPS Place: The east side of Unit5 taken from the southern side of the unit (photographed on March 11, 2011)

Photo 3. Tsunami that struck the Fukushima Daiichi NPS Place: North side of centralized radiation waste treatment building taken from 4th floor(photographed on March 11, 2011)

Photo 4. Units 1 - 4-The grey building is the former main office building. The light blue buildings from the left are the reactor buildings of Unit 1, 2, 3, 4.(photographed on March 15, 2011)

Photo 5. Reactor building of Units 1 and 2 -The buildings are Unit 2 and Unit 1 from the bottom of the photo. The left-side building is the reactor building, and the right is the turbine building. (photographed on April 10, 2011) 7

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Accident Review (II)

Figure 2. Diagrammatic Illustration

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The emergency diesel generators (EDGs) started up automatically and the emergency cooling system kept cooling the reactors. Afterwards, a large tsunami struck the station that flooded and knocked out the electric equipment such as the EDGs and the cooling seawater pumps. All electric power had been lost. The water level inside the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) of each unit decreased. The chemical reaction between the fuel cladding and steam generated a substantial amount of hydrogen. This led to the fuel rods releasing radioactive materials All rights reserved

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Urgent Response Measures (I)

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Figure 3. Reactor Depressurization and Water Injection

http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/review/review2_1-j.html

In order to conduct 'PCV venting', it is necessary to open two types of valves, a motor-operated valve and the air-operated valve. As all electric power had been lost, the station operators manually opened the motor-operated valve by turning the handle attached to the valve. Operators had difficulties in opening the air-operated valve manually.

All rights reserved

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Urgent Response Measures (II)

Figure 4. Circulating Water Cooling System 10 http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/review/review2_1-j.html All rights reserved

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Urgent Response Measures (III)

Figure 5. RPV bottom temperatures Figure 6. Temperatures inside PCV

The RPV bottom temperatures and the PCV internal temperatures being kept approximately below 100 degrees C The temperatures of the RPV bottom and inside the PCV for Units 1-3 had decrease to approximately below 100 degrees C, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.

11 http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/review/review2_1-j.html All rights reserved

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Mid- and-long-term Plans

Figure 12. Mid-and-long Term Roadmap

Phase 1: In 2 years, begin the process of fuel removal from the spent fuel pools Phase 2: In 10 years, begin removing fuel debris (solidified fuels and claddings that had melted). Phase 3: In 30-40 years, complete fuel debris removal and the processing and disposal of radioactive waste

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The review of Fukushima Accident

What is the reason occured the Fukushima Accident?

Main cause is one but several aspects of quit Fukushima Accident

• Main cause：Tall Tsunami height

Prevent measure：Apparatus such as emergency diesel generator

(EDGs) set on the hill

• Second cause: not protect water system

Prevent measure: Water protect system, cf Tokai Power Station

by Atomic Power Company in Ibaragi Prefecture

• Third cause: all electric power lost

Prevent measure: emergency electric power equipment

• Forth cause: Hydrogen explosion

Prevent measure: Installed Vent with filter

Enough for safety review

• Fifth cause: Effective resilience for control of the plant

Prevent measure: Every year’s training to avoid severe

accident or make resilience * the similar content sited from Nikkei news paper, Feb.6 2016

Overview of Defence in Depth

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Reference: AESJ Investigation Committee, “the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident”, August. 2014 (2014)

History of INSGA-10 in Defence in Depth

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Reference: AESJ Investigation Committee, “the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident”, August. 2014 (2014)

The review of the Fukushima Accident INSAG-10 by IAEA has been neglected since 2003 :

No explanation of defense in depth in Japan

Why is occurred the Fukushima Accident? Man-made disaster

The reasons: The power company strongly connected to Japanese government. No fundamental research but only engineering development in Nuclear fields of Japan

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18 Japan Atomic Energy Commission HP

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートAfter Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident, Japanese Energy and Environment Strategy has been changed.

19 Japan Atomic Energy Commission HP

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートAdministrative Organizations for Nuclear Energy Policy was completely changed.

The Role of Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in Japan has been changed.

Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC) has been newly established.

NSC is checking every N.P.P. , Research reactors, Reprocessing plants to restart.




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AESJ FUKUSHIMA Support Project

AESJ Investigation Committee on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station

June 20, 2014

Organization of AESJ

Activities of AESJ after the Fukushima Accident

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis viewgraph show the Organization of AESJ.

Board of Directors contains Local Branches, Technical Divisions and Committees, so.on.

AESJ has newly established “ Professional Committee on the Decommissioning at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station” this march.

“ Professional Committee on the Decommissioning at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station” is continued after the investigation Committee on the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident.

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The Atomic energy society of Japan (AESJ) regarded the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi NPS wrought by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake as the worst nuclear accident in Japanese nuclear history and found the urgent necessity to react to the accident. AESJ immediately started organizing the groups for analysis of the accident and its effects and transmitting information and recommendation from nuclear specialists’ viewpoint to the public. AESJ continues its activities in order to respond to the requirements of the public.

Information Disclosure of AESJ Submitting recommendation and AESJ activities’ reports through the AESJ website. Providing information on FAQ, opening e-mail account for questions (questions concerning internal exposure, accident sequence summary, INES evaluation, safety and security of food and habitation) Dispatching and introducing the experts “team 110” to answer the public and Mass communications demands.

Actions of Atomic Energy Society of Japan

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートI will show you actions after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Accident.

AESJ immediately started organizing the group for analysis of the accident and its effects and transmitting information and recommendation from nuclear specialists viewpoint to the public.

AESJ disclosed information such as providing information on FAQ and the experts “team 110” to answer the public and Mass communications demands.

Seminars, Lectures and Symposia Open to the Public Hosted by AESJ

• Emergency Symposium (11 May,2011), General Symposium on Nuclear Power(organized by Science Council of Japan, 19 Oct., 2011), International Symposium on Nuclear Safety (31 Oct.-1 Nov.2011)

• Symposia on Fukushima-Daiichi NPS Nuclear Accident (May & Oct. 2011 in Tokyo,Aug.2011 in Tokai-mura, May & June 2012 in Fukushima)

• Special Symposia on Fukushima-Daiichi NPS Nuclear Accident at AESJ Annual Meetings (Sept.2011, March 2012 and Sept.2012, AESJ Annual Spring Meeting on March 2011 was cancelled because of the Earthquake)

• Dialogue forums on safety and security – Toward the Cleanup Implementation – (in various cities in Fukushima prefecture) (started in Nov.2011)

• Seminars on Fukushima Daiichi NPS Nuclear Accident held by Nuclear Safety Division of AESJ – Accident Analysis, Safety Ensuring, Disaster Prevention - (8 times by Oct.2012)

• Symposium for Fukushima residents by Fukushima support Project – (10 times till Aug. 2016 )

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プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートAESJ held seminars, lectures and symposia open to the public.

Symposium for Fukushima residents by Fukushima Support Project in Fukushima totally 7 times till Aug. 2014.

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“AESJ Investigation Committee on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station”

English version

AESJ Investigation Report on the Fukushima Accident

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートIn this Meeting, Prof. Sekimura will mention this report in detail.




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AESJ FUKUSHIMA Support Project

This project aims at performing the various useful activities for Fukushima area, such as the decontamination support for the environment, the analysis and the advice for the radiation effects, and the information supply about the long-term recovery plan from the nuclear accident with related academic organizations.

We support technologically the decontamination activities for Fukushima residents. Following activities are also conducted to explain simply the nuclear related information. These activities will be flexibly revised and expanded considering the Fukushima needs and the progress of each activity. Various information for the residence of Fukushima prefecture Report of Monitoring results of contaminated soil, Influence of radiation dose to health, or evaluating of decontamination technique for residence . Cooperating with Fukushima government to open conference of “Forum for promoting decontamination.”

Purpose

Main Issues of FUKUSHIMA Support Project

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートNext I will show you AESJ Fukushima Support Project.

Fukushima Support Project has been established June 2012.

Main issues is to give various information for the residence of Fukushima prefecture such as monitoring results of contaminated soil, influence of radiation dose to health, evaluating of decontamination technique for residence. �

Activities of AESJ FUKUSHIMA Support Project

Committee

Communication

Clean up

Radiation influence

• 仮置き場に対する理解促進 • ・・・・

• 放出核種に関する説明 • 除染基準に対する理解促進 • ・・・・・

• 地域住民との情報連携促進 • 効果的な情報発信の方法開発 • ・・・・・

Atomic Society of Japan Fukushima Special Project

Scientific group

Fukushima Environment

Recovery office

MEG

Fukushima prefecture Decontamination information

Plaza

MEXT

MAFF

MHLW Information analysis

Local residence Dialogue meeting, Seminar, and various chances for alternative information exchanges

Support

Support

Open symposium Suggestion for Japanese government

Send information Government

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートFukushima Support Project plays role of interface between Japanese Government or Fukushima Government and Fukushima residents.

Decontamination –information Plaza is managed by Fukushima Government and the Fukushima revived office of the Ministry of Environment

Support for Decontamination-information plaza

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Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ)

Decontamination-information Plaza

Decontamination information –Plaza HP

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Communities Industries of decontamination Small communities

Decontamination operating

Decontamination planning & operating

Small decontamination operating

Sending information

Sending specialists

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis viewgraph shows the organization of Decontamination –information Plaza.

The Fukushima Support Project supports the of Decontamination –information Plaza.

Decontamination information-Plaza AESJ sends specialists in radiation influence or decontamination to the Decontamination information-Plaza every weekend. Decontamination information-Plaza is managed by Fukushima prefecture cooperated with Ministry of Environment.

Decontamination information –Plaza leaflet

A．Counter B．Display space C．Meeting space D．Reference reading space E．Smole meeting area/ Seminar room 29

Open on Jan.21 2012 JR Fukushima station

Decontamination information-Plaza

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートAESJ sends members as specialists in radiation influence to health or decontamination to the Decontamination –information Plaza every weekend since Jan.25 2012.

Total members sums over 300 now.

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Holding of symposium cooperated with the Ministry of Environment, Fukushima government and Local government

Activities of Fukushima Special Project

Sampling soil and water for analyzing Cs contents in 2013

Disturbing machine against enter In the rice field by wild boars in 2013

“Remediation Activities for rice growing ”in 2013- 2017

Rice planting by planting machine In 2014 After rice planting in2014

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートWe continued remediation activities for rice growing tests in 2013 and 2014.





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Tradition of the Air Dose Rate

Large amount of radioactive materials was released out of Nuclear Power Station

The area out of Fukushima daiichi NPS has been almost decontaminated

What is decontamination?

It is difficult to remove the contamination. “Decontamination ”means to separate higher contaminated portion and lower one. Higher contaminated portion: Radioactive waste Lower contaminated portion: Re-use How to decrease effects of radiation -Block radiation -Move further away

Ministry of the Environment HP

Before After

Contaminated soil, plants and house Collected radioactive materials

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Decontamination finished in Fukushima prefecture Both local governments and Mistry of the Environment ｆinished decontamination in Fukushima prefecture till March 31 2017. Local government has declared people possible return from the evacuation after March 31 2017. However, the evacuated people do not return to home town because of a lot of kind reasons as followed; - No salary in home town - No confidence on decommissioning the Fukushima Dai-ichi N.P.P - Life style’s changed - Children used to the evacuated schools for 6 years

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Operating and Under construction of Nuclear Power Plants in Japan

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis viewgraph is shown operating and under construction plants on Jan. 1 2016, namely one and half years before.

On Jan.1 2016, only 2 N.P.P. are operating.

Now, 2 plants of Ooi N.P. station by Kansai Electric Power Company and 1 plant of Ikata N.P. station by Shikoku Eelctric Power Company.





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The current situation after Fukushima Accident Restart of N.P.Pｓ is limited only 5 plants on Aug.

30 2017.

Increase of costs for avoiding nuclear power plants accidents

No plan for replace of N.P.Ps in order to achieve 20-22% of energy demand in nuclear power after 2030’s in Japan

New R&D items are necessary to reconstruct in Japanese nuclear fields. 38

Fundamental Research Industrial

Development

The Valley of Death and the Darwinian Sea

The need R&D in Nuclear Felds

•The review of Fukushima Accident

•The Background of Fukushima Accident

•What is the reason necessary in the new R&D items in Nuclear Fields?

Because R&D in nuclear fields before the Fukushima Accident was only industrial development.

•The new R&D item in Nuclear Fields




The need of new R&D items in Nuclear fields -ImPACT program by Japanese Government- “Reduce and Recycling of High-level Radioactive Waste through Nuclear Transmutation“

41




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ImPACT (Impulsing PAradigm Change through disruptive Technology)

Objectives of the ImPACT Program To promote R&D of high risk and high impact for societies or industries with not-continuous innovations. Features of the ImPACT Program The DARPA in the US is the model of ImPACT Program. The Program Manager is not a researcher but completely managing the whole program with the budget and the authority.

The Japanese Government declared the new R&D Program named “ImPACT” has started 2014 till 2019 continued the “First” Program.

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis viewgraph is shown “ImPACT”.

The Japanese Governmentdeclared

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ImPACT (Impulsing PAradigm Change through disruptive Technology)

“Reduce and Recycling of High-level Radioactive Waste through Nuclear Transmutation“ was adapted as one of ImPACT program on June 2014.

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThe Japanese Cabinet office collected officially Program manager for 5 field.

In 2014, 12 PM is adapted and more 4 PM added in 2015.

Background: Issues of HLW High level radioactive wastes (HLW) are vitrified in glass* and disposed in geological repository. However, Japanese public are worried about HLW disposal scenario for long-term storage.

*Already production about 24,800 https://www.numo.or.jp/q_and_a/01/ 44

Example of disposal in geological repository

We would like to propose some of solution candidates for HLW disposal in geological repository.

Grand Facility

Pit

Slop pit

Connection pit

Disposal panel

（Disposal pit area)

Under-grand Facility (High-level Wastes)

Under-grand Facility (Low –level Wastes)

Slop pit

Pit

Pit

Depth：300m deeper

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートMost important issues in Nuclear Energy is HLW disposal.

45

Long Lived Fission Products of Spent Nuclear Fuel Nuclides Half life

(Billion year)

Radiation conversion coefficient (μ Sｖ/ kBq)

Content (Spent fuel /ton)

U-235 0.7 47 10 kg

U-238 4.5 45 930 kg

Nuclides Half life (year)


Content (Spent fuel/ ton)

Pu-238 87.7 230 0.3 kg

Pu-239 24000 250 6 kg

Pu-240 6564 250 3 kg

Pu-241 14.3 4.8 1 kg

Nuclides Half life (year)


Content (Spent fuel/ ton)

Np-237 2.14Million

110 0.6 kg

Am-241 432 200 0.4 kg

Am-243 7370 200 0.2 kg

Cm-244 18.1 120 60 g

Nuclides

Half life (Million year)


Content (kg/ Spent fuel ton)

Se-79 2.95 2.9 6g

Sr-90 28.8 year 28 0.6

Zr-93 15.3 1.1 1

Tc-99 2.11 0.64 1

Pd-107 65 0.037 0.3

Sn-126 1 4.7 30ｇ

I-129 157 110 0.2

Cs-135 23 2.0 0.5

Cs-137 30.1year 13 1.5

Radiation Conversion Coefficient: The effect coefficient of nuclides on Human

FP

Ac

TRU

MA

Citation: Hiroyuki Oigawa, “Tokai Forum lecture 9” (2014)

High Level Wastes (HLW) converted to ILW or LLW

46

Both Minor Actinides（MAs）and Long Lived Fission Products (LLFPs*） should be reduced.

MAs Transmutation research has already started as the Nuclear Fuel Cycle research by JAEA’s ADS-PJ.

LLFPs in radioactive wastes contain in vitrification as HLW for deep disposal which has still issue of no candidate of disposal site in Japan.

Some of alterative options for Japanese public should be shown for HLW disposal by research of LLFPs.

*LLFPs：Long Lived Fission Products, Cesium（Cs）-135, Palladium (Pd)-107 etc.

SLFPs

LLFPs

Years after treatment (Years)Million 10 Million

Rad

ioac

tivity

(Bq)

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThe High Level Wastes (HLW) contain a lot of kind Minor Actinides (MAs) and Long Lived fission Products (LLFPs).

If HLW coverts to the intermediate Level Wastes such as Transuranium Wastes in Japan, Both MAs and LLFPs should be reduced.

MAs Transmutation research has already started in the view point of Nuclear Fuel Cycle by JAEA.

However, LLFPs Transmutation research has not started yet.

LLFPs Transmutation Research should be done for some of alternative option for HLW disposal.

High Level wastes (HLW) for Resource Recycling LLFPs in HLW contain some of

rare metals for usable elements. Rare metals were recovered from

HLW, but it was impossible to recycle for re-use because the rare metals contain radioactive nuclides.

Transmutation research in the reactors, OMEGA Project has been started since 1980’s in Japan but the various new data of nuclear reaction couldn’t be obtained because the facility for measurement had not been furnished yet.

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136 208

20

15

Platinum group metals Rare metals

Amount of available resource recycle be recovered from HLW. Amount of demand to Platinum group metals in

（unit: t）

Both partitioning and new transmutation paths are necessary to recycle for resource materials.

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートLLFPs in HLW contain some of rare metals such as platinum Group metals and rare earth elements for usable metals.

These rare metals can easily recovered from HLW and couldn’t be reused for usable metals because containing radioactive nuclides.

Transmutation research by nuclear reactors has been studied since 1980’s in Japan.

However, various new nuclear reactions data couldn‘t be obtained without the facilities for measurement of ones.

Scientific Progress and Present Situation

Recently, the most powerful accelerator, RI beams factory such as 100 times stronger of beam strength in any other facilities at present has been completed, and any kind of nuclear reaction data is possible to be measured by the innovative technique.

The excellent simulation software “PHTIS” and the evaluated nuclear database “JENDL” have already been in Japan.

The advanced transmutation system is possible to be developed by combination with partitioning technique.

RI Beam Factory

PHTIS

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートRecently, the most powerful RI beams factory such as 100 times of beam strength of any other facilities at present has been completed.

Any kind of nuclear reaction data are possible to be measured by the innovative technique.

The advanced transmutation systems Is possible to have been developed with partitioning technique.

49 ImPACT* Program

Goal: To be the first in the world to obtain nuclear reaction data for LLFPs, and to confirm the world’s first nuclear reaction path for conversion to short lived nuclides or stable nuclides without isotope separation *One of the ImPACT (Impulsing PAradigm Change through disruptive Technology) publicly offered research program by Japanese Cabinet (JFY2014-JFY2018)

(Target) Recovery rate >90% Transmutation rate >90%

Reduction and Resource Recycling of HLW through Nuclear Transmutation

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートWe proposed ImPACT program, “Reduction and Resource Recycling of HLW through Nuclear Transmutation” in order to obtain Japanese Cabinet Research Budget.

ImPACT is Impulsing Paradigm Change through disruptive Technology.

Our goal is to be the first in the world to measure nuclear reaction data for LLFPs, and to confirm the world’s first nuclear reaction path for conversion to short lived nuclides or stable nuclides without isotope separation.

.

Composition of nuclear reaction products

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Muon atonic nuclei capture reaction

Fast neutron～ slow Neutron reaction

Separation and recovery techniques Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Platinum group metals Rare earth elements

Conceptual P&T system

RI Beam Factory

J-PARC／Riken RAL

Beam contained various Nuclides including unstable

nuclides

Use of pulsed,muon beam and neutron beam

Stable nuclides or short lived nuclides

Neutron Proton

• Transmutation in condensed matter

• Resonant absorption • Effective reactions and

systems for neutron generation

• Nuclear transmutation based on new control method

LLFP transformation systems of reasonable cost and energy balance (beam species,strength,energy region,FP target materials)

Transmutation system and elemental Techniques

New control of nuclear reaction systems

～2019

★Worlds

lead

ing

facili

ties

enab

le w

orld

’s firs

t da

ta a

cqu

isitio

n

High-level wastes

Bulk nuclear simulations

Transmutation plant for practical use ～2050

Palladium Neodymium Dysprosium Xenon

Yttrium Rhodium

Nuclear data measurement for transmutation Short Lived FP

Vitrified wastes

Zirconium Molybdenum

（*half-life）

Cs-135(2.3million years*)

Se*79(0.3 million years*)

Pd-107(6.5 million years*) Zr-93 (1.53 million years*)

Reverse reaction with neutrons, protons, Photons

Barium Cesium

Strontium Selenium

Reaction Model and simulation code

Pilot plant for demonstration ～2030

Feedback

Resource recycle Stable Isotopes for disposal

Synchrotron

Synchrotron

Neutrino Target

Reprocessing plant

Storage facility

Project1

Project2

Project3

Project4

Project5

Automobile catalysts

Magnetic materials,etc

Nuclear medicine

Stable wastes

muon

Cross section data neutron

Outline of Our program

Demonstration tests

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis viewgraph shows out line of our program.

Our program is composed of 5 project.

Project 1 is Separation and Recovery technique namely Partitioning.

Project 2 is Nuclear data measurement for transmutation and new control system of Nuclear reactions.

Project 3 is development of nuclear reaction model and improvement of PHITS reaction model.

Project 4 is Transmutation system and elemental technologies development.

Project 5 is scenario of resource recycling and reduction of HLW, conceptual design of Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T) system.

First neutron, slow neutron reaction

Reverse kinetics with neutrons, Protons, Photons

Project ２ Contents

Project２ (Obtained nuclear reaction data）・Neutron Knockout（RIKEN）・First neutron nuclear spallation（Kyushu University）・Coulomb breakup（TIT）・Negative muon capture reaction（RIKEN）・Neutron capture（JAEA）・Low-speed RI beam（The university of Tokyo, RIKEN） (New nuclear reaction control method)

・Nuclear fusion（NIFS/Chubu Univ.）・Compact cyclotron（Osaka Univ.）・Muon（Kyoto Univ./JAEA）

Negative muon capture reaction

Stable nuclides or Short-lived nuclides

Neutrons Photons

Others, new neutron reaction control methods

Adaption and overhaul of measure apparatus

RIKEN RI Beam Factory

J-PARC RIKEN RAL

Purpose：Measurement of nuclear reaction data

Measurement of LLFP nuclear reactions with reverse kinetics

Measurement of LLFP neutron capture reaction

Target LLFP Half life Palladium 107 6.50 M.Y

Zirconium 93 1.53 M.Y

Selenium 79 0.30 M.Y

Cesium 135 2.30 M.Y

LLFP

LLFP

LLFP

Negative muon

Proton, Neutron

51 Synchrotron

Neutrino Target

Synchrotron

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis viewgraph shows contents of Project 2.

Purpose of PJ2 is measurement of nuclear reaction data and new nuclear reaction control system.

We have already measured some of new nuclear reaction data in RIBF with reverse kinetics.

Project 2 Current Progress

LLFP : Pd-107, Zr-93(+Sr-90), Cs-135(+137), (Se-79) generations

event by event was tagging and irradiated.

Nuclear reaction products are distinguished and measured

RIKEN RI Beam Factory

Bρ+TOF+ΔE +Total Energy Detector

Third fundamental tests have been carried out to obtain new nuclear reaction data by RIBF.

52

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis viewgraph shows recent progress in Project 2.

Fource fundamental tests have been carried out to obtain new nuclear reaction data by RIBF.

Measurement region (C)

＋1p n knockout - 1p - 2p - 3p - 4p

Supply beam nuclides

Pd Ag

Rh Ru Tc

Mo Nb Zr

61 60 55 50

Distribution after nuclear reaction ; H+ target

107Pd

• Fragmentation 107Pd was transmuted by Neutron knockout reaction

• Supply number：107Pd million/hour • Transmutation number：10 thousand/

hour （About 1%)

Index of transmutation volume Isotope

neutrons(N)

The estimation results of 107Pd 100 MeV/u

101 102 103 104 105 106

Nuclides Pd-101 Pd-102 Pd-103 Pd-104 Pd-105 Pd-106 Pd-107

Half life 8.47h Stable 16.991d Stable Stable Stable 6.5x106ｙ

Pd-107 is transmuted by nuclear reaction with H+ and estimated of ratio of the nuclear reaction

Transmutation number

Neutron number Proton number

53

Project 2 Current Progress

Summary The new R&D items are necessary in Nuclear fields after the Fukushima

Accident because the Nuclear Research was limited in industrial development before the Fukushima Accident.

ImPACT Program has started in order to be the first in the world to obtain nuclear reaction data for LLFPs, and to confirm the world’s first nuclear reaction path for conversion to short lived nuclides or stable nuclides without isotope separation.

This program should contribute through proposing innovative feasibilities (by recombining physics and nuclear technology for aiming at resolving nuclear HLW burden problems including waste-resource recycling) and be overcome the Valley of Death and the Darwinian Sea by fusion with nuclear physics and nuclear engineering.

It is most important to give young generation the dream which is shown in challenge for difficult research issues and solving steadily ones and overcoming .

54

プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートI would like to summarize my presentation..

Thank you for your attention !

Six years since Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident BiographyBiographyContentsContentsWhy the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Accident (the Fukushima Accident) on March 11, 2011 was occurred ?� Accident Review (I)Accident Review (II)Urgent Response Measures (I) Urgent Response Measures (II)Urgent Response Measures (III)Mid- and-long-term PlansWhy the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Accident (the Fukushima Accident) on March 11, 2011 was occurred ?�The review of Fukushima AccidentOverview of Defence in DepthHistory of INSGA-10　in Defence in DepthThe review of the Fukushima Accident スライド番号 18スライド番号 19Why the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Accident (the Fukushima Accident) on March 11, 2011 was occurred ?�スライド番号 21スライド番号 22Seminars, Lectures and Symposia Open to the Public Hosted by AESJスライド番号 24Why the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Accident (the Fukushima Accident) on March 11, 2011 was occurred ?�スライド番号 26Activities of AESJ FUKUSHIMA Support ProjectSupport for Decontamination-information plazaDecontamination information-Plazaスライド番号 30スライド番号 31Contentsスライド番号 33スライド番号 34スライド番号 35スライド番号 36ContentsThe current situation after Fukushima Accidentスライド番号 39 The need R&D in Nuclear FeldsContentsスライド番号 42スライド番号 43Background: Issues of HLWスライド番号 45High Level Wastes (HLW) converted to ILW or LLWHigh Level wastes (HLW) for Resource RecyclingScientific Progress and Present Situationスライド番号 49スライド番号 50Project ２　ContentsProject 2　Current Progress スライド番号 53Summaryスライド番号 55

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Six years since Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident · 2017. 9. 19. · Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident ... valves, a motor-operated valve and the . air-operated valve