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© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
SIwaveSIwave 55..00 PIPI AdvisorAdvisor forforOptimizedOptimized DDRDDR33 MemoryMemoryDesignDesign
SIwaveSIwave 55..00 PIPI AdvisorAdvisor forforOptimizedOptimized DDRDDR33 MemoryMemoryDesignDesign
Presented by Presented by Sergey Polstyanko, Sergey Polstyanko, Ph.DPh.D
Senior R&D Senior R&D ManagerManager
Presented by Presented by Sergey Polstyanko, Sergey Polstyanko, Ph.DPh.D
Senior R&D Senior R&D ManagerManager
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Agenda
• Design Overview and Challenges
• How to define Target impedance ?
• PI Advisor
• Summary
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Design Challenges
• New deep sub-micron technologies– Increased device speeds– Lower power supply voltages
• Device miniaturization– Decreasing design cycles
• Delta-I noise on whole PDS system
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Customer X has a PCB with possible SI/PI related issues• Management is asking for quick fix and cost reduction• The Challenge: How to achieve target impedances without compromising SI/PI
performance?
High Volume ProductionHigh Volume Production
Decoupling Capacitor StrategyDecoupling Capacitor Strategy
A Typical Scenario
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Power Integrity Design
• PCB Geometry present– A functional design, with all decoupling capacitors already placed on PCB – PI Engineer may want to:
• Increase capacitor count in order to make design more robust (i.e. overclocking, etc.)• Reduce the capacitor count• Reduce number of different capacitor types used• Redesign using lower cost capacitors• Chose appropriate capacitor location
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Cadence Allegro/APDAccess Ansoft Tools directly from Allegro!
Layout Import and Translation
• Direct access to Ansoft tools from Cadence environment – Allegro layout is directly translated and imported in SIwave– Component file is also imported
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
ECAD Databases Supported
1. Cadence Allegro and APD 15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.5.x, 15.7, 16.0, 16.1, 16.2, and 16.3
2. Cadence SiP Digital/RF 15.7, 16.0, 16.1, 16.2, and 16.3
3. Mentor BoardStation 8.x
4. Mentor BoardStation XE/RE v2007.1 and v2007.2
5. Mentor Expedition v2004, v2005, v2007.1, v2007.2 and v2007.3
6. Mentor PADS (PowerPCB) v5.2a, v2005 (2007 with 2005 export format)
7. Synopsys Encore ICPD 2001.x, 2002.x, 2003.x, 2004.x and 2005.x
8. Sigrity UPD 9.0 and lower
9. Zuken CR5000 10.x and lower
10. Altium Designer Summer 2010 Beta2 or later
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
The Impedance looking into PDS at the device should be kept low over a broad frequency range (from DC to several harmonics of clock frequency).
f
|Z|
Mag. of Z
targetZ
High-Speed
Digital Device
Power
Delivery SystemV
IVZ =
I
VRM
PI Design Goal : Target Impedance of PDS
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• *Target Impedance is falling ~ 1.6x, every 3 years
( ) ( )Current
RippleAllowedVoltageSupplyPowerZ ___Target
×=
( ) ( )Ω=
×= m
AVZ 1.3
3.40%55.2
v)Target(2.5
*Source: International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
Target Impedance Trends
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
• Target Impedance• Get TX/Rx models for DRAM and CPU modules• Use Random Signal Input from CPU• Get time/frequency domain current profile
DRAM1DRAM1
DRAM2DRAM2
CPUCPU
IN
POWER
GND
OUT
IN
POWER
GND
OUT
datadata
datadata
io
POWER
GND
logic_in
enable out_of_in
pullup
pulldown
Random Signal InputRandom Signal Input
Define Target Impedance
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Simulation Schematic
Random Clock Source and Voltage Bias
Random Clock Source and Voltage Bias
Main Chip Output Buffer (Source = Spectre Netlist)Main Chip Output Buffer
(Source = Spectre Netlist)
Receiver IBIS Model
Receiver IBIS Model
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Signal Input – Random Clock
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Signal Output
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Simulation Results –Time domain Current Profile
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Current Spectrum output Trace type - Continuous
667MHz667MHz
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Adaptive Target Impedance
0.4 Ω @ 0.01GHz
30 Ω@
1GHz667MHz667MHz
Vcc = 1.2V ± 5% variation ∴∆Vcc = 0.06 V
2 Ω @ 0.75GHz
Adaptive Target Impedance Adaptive Target Impedance design specificationsdesign specifications
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Or …. Adaptive Target Impedance
667MHz667MHz
Adaptive Target Impedance Adaptive Target Impedance design specificationsdesign specifications
1 Ω @ 0.5GHz0.4 Ω @ 0.01GHz
20 Ω@
1GHz
2 Ω @ 0.75GHz
Vcc = 1.2V ± 5% variation ∴∆Vcc = 0.06 V
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
PCB Layer Structure
• High-speed signals are routed between CPU and DRAM• Minimize noise voltage distribution on the VCC/GND plane pair
• Design of this Power/Ground plane is the most important aspect of design• Low power bus impedance over frequency
DRAM1DRAM1DRAM2DRAM2
CPUCPU Power Plane Ground Plane
1.2v1.2v GNDGND
4 Layer PCBBoard Size : 5.3’’ x 6.5’’ (13.5cm x 16.5cm)
4 Layer PCBBoard Size : 5.3’’ x 6.5’’ (13.5cm x 16.5cm)
3 ports defined3 ports defined
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
PCB Layer Structure
Layer 1 Layer 1
Layer 2Layer 2
Layer 3 Layer 3
Layer 4 Layer 4
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Bare Board Impedance
if(Freq>0.01GHz,if(Freq>0.5GHz,if(Freq>0.75GHz,20,2),1),0.04)
CPUDRAM1DRAM2
CPUDRAM1DRAM2
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Original Design All 1.2V to GND 36 Capacitors ON
Original Design -Total 36 Caps
Types of CapacitorsGRM21BC70G106ME45GRM21BF51A225ZA01GRM21BF51H224ZA01GRM21BR71E104KA01GRM216F51H103ZA01GRM216F51H224ZA01GRM1885C1H201JA01GRM1885C1H820JA01
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
0.00 0.01 0.10 1.00Freq [GHz]
0.00
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
Z M
ag [O
hm]
Ansoft LLC Test_Board_Con_PI_DS_90fitOrig Design 36 Caps On - Z profiles ANSOFT
Curve InfoMag(Z(CPU1_+1.2V_Group,CPU1_+1.2V_Group))
Orig 36 CapsMag(Z(D1_+1.2V_Group,D1_+1.2V_Group))
Orig 36 CapsMag(Z(D2_+1.2V_Group,D2_+1.2V_Group))
Orig 36 Caps
Original Design All 36 Capacitors Enabled
CPUDRAM1DRAM2
CPUDRAM1DRAM2
Original Design -Total 36 Caps
OverDesign
1 Ω
0.4 Ω
20 Ω
2 Ω
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Launch SIwave PI Advisor…
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Step 1 : Define Ports and Target Impedance Profile
PortsPorts
• PI Advisor• Select Reference Port
Locations• Set the VRM Parameters
including ESL & ESR • Define Impedance Mask
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Step 2 : Select Capacitors for Automated Optimization
• PI Advisor• Select Capacitor set that
needs to be optimized• All 36 caps selected
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Step 3 : Select Candidate Capacitors for Optimization
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Step 4 : Setup Optimization Criteria
• PI Advisor• Launch PI Advisor Wizard• Set Optimizer Goal Parameters• Set Thresholds
• Total price $$$• Total number of capacitors
• Genetic Algorithm is used for optimization
• SYZ sweep
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Step 5 : Launch Optimizer and Analyze Results
• Time = 2 minutes 56 seconds• RAM = 286 MB
– Frequency Setup• 10KHz < f < 1GHz• 201 Points/decade
– Genetic Algorithm Setup• Optimized for Impedance• Optimized for # of Caps• Optimized for Price
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
PI Advisor – Step 5
• PI Advisor Results• PI Advisor provides multiple different Schemes • Sort solutions by Price ($), Num Caps and Goodness of Fit• You can display Impedance Mask . Etc• Apply optimized capacitor scheme to the existing design• Export BOM file back to layout database
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Step 5 : Launch Optimizer and Analyze Results
• Original solution– Total # Caps: 36
• Optimized Solution– Total # Caps: from 10 to 19– 9 Schemes available– 6 Capacitor Types: 10 to 16
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
PI Advisor Simulation Results
• Scheme 8 Capacitors Selection information– 11 capacitors and 11 different types
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
PI Advisor Simulation Results
Scheme 8 Target impedance information
Scheme 8 Target impedance information
Port SelectionPort Selection
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Scheme 8 Results – All three ports
CPU portCPU port DRAM1 portDRAM1 port DRAM2 portDRAM2 port
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Capacitor Count Reduction
Original Design -Total of 36 Caps
New Design –Total of 11 Caps
Capacitor Count 69% Reduction
CPU portCPU port DRAM1 portDRAM1 port DRAM2 portDRAM2 port
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Apply Scheme 8 to Original Design
Circuit Element Properties auto defined !
Circuit Element Properties auto defined !
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 36 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Re- Compute S,Y,Z parameters
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
0.00 0.01 0.10 1.00Freq [GHz]
0.00
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
Y1
Test_Board_Con_PI_Demo5 71 scheme8 Z Plot 1 ANSOFT
Curve InfoMag(Z(CPU1_+1.2V_Group,CPU1_+...
5 71 scheme8
Mag(Z(D1_+1.2V_Group,D1_+1.2V_...5 71 scheme8
Mag(Z(D2_+1.2V_Group,D2_+1.2V_...5 71 scheme8
Final Simulation Results
CPUDRAM1DRAM2
CPUDRAM1DRAM2
1 Ω
0.4 Ω
20 Ω
2 Ω
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Loop Inductance Plot
• Provides intuitive plot to analyze capacitor layout thereby minimizing loop inductance (all 36 caps displayed)
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Efficient Simulation = Design Productivity
Delivering productivity:• Assume 4 to 5 changes per board
– Single PI Advisor simulation time ~ 3 min– Simulation time is approximately 10-15 min.
•• Result:Result: Your design team meets project performance requirements on time and, therefore, within budget.
*2005 ITRS: “Cost of design is the greatest threat to the continuation of the semiconductor roadmap… [and] design productivity… is the most massive and critical [design challenge facing the industry today].”
*Source: International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Summary
• Achieving Adaptive Target Impedance Specifications is critical for overall system performance
• The advantages of PI Advisor PI Advisor were shown here.• Increase capacitor count in order to make design more robust • Reduce the capacitor count• Reduce number of different capacitor types used• Redesign using lower cost capacitors
• Efficient Power Integrity PCB Capacitor Optimization analysis and “What-if...” type analysis is utilized using:– SIwave – DesignerSI