SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL · SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN ~ First Section of Surkhet - Kalikot RoaP I (Km 0+000 to 45+000) I (September 2007) I 1 Submitted

VOL. 2 Government of Nepal

Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

DEPARTMENT OF ROADS Foreign Cooperation Branch

Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal

ROAD SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Phase I: Detailed Survey and Design Phase

(IDA Loan : P 095977)

SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN ~

I

First Section of Surkhet - Kalikot RoaP (Km 0+000 to 45+000) I

(September 2007) I I

1 Submitted by:

Intercontinental Consultants and Full Bright Consultancy (W.) Ltd., Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. in association Soil Test (P) Ltd and A-8, Green Park, New Delhi-110016, hdia Jel. 91-1 1-26863000, 26523036,26565290 with Himal Integrated Consultapcy (P) Ltd. JV

453/20 Kalika Marg, Kalikasthan,Kathmandu, Nepal Fax. 91-1 1-26855252 GPO Box 4970, Kathmandu, Nepal I

Email: [email protected] Jel: 977 01 6226386,4440528; F ~ x ! , 977 01 4440528 E-mail: rs dp@wlink. com.np I

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Table of Contents

.................................................................................................................................. 1 . INTRODUCTION 1

............................................................................................ . 2 AIMS OF TEIE SITE-SPECIFIC EMAP 2

.................................. 3 . DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS 2

3.1 EXTRA CUTTINGS ....................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 RETAINING WALLS .................................................................................................................... 2 3.3 DRAINS ........................................................................................................................................... 2

. 4 CAPACITY BUIDLING: ............................................................................................................... 3

....................................................................................... 5 . IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS: 5

6 . ROAD UPGRADING RELATED KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ITS SITE- ............... ....................................................................... SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS 5

............................................................................................................... . 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 7

.............................................................................................. 8 . BIOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE SPOTS 7

............... ............................................................................................ 9 . PROPOSED MAJOR WORKS 7

10 . ECOLOGICAL RECEPTORS ALONG THE ROAD CORRIDOR ............................ (............... 8 I

11 . DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE: ROAD CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT , ............. 10

11.1 LABORFORCE CAMPSITE ESTABLISHMENT 1 MANAGEMENT / DE-COMMISSIONING .......... J ............. 10 1 1 I . 1 Campsite Establishment: ...................................................................................... ........... 10 1 I . 1.2 Campsite Management: .................................................................. .............................. I I 11.1.3 Campsite De-commissioning: ............................................................................................... 12

....... ............. 1 1.2 CONTRACTOR'S CAMPSITE ESTABLISHMENT /.~/LANAGEMENT / DE-COMMISSIONING 12 ............. 11.2.1 Campsite Establishment: ................................................................................. 12 ............. ........................................................................................... 11.2.2 Campsite Management: ; 13

............................................................................................... 11.2.3 Campsite De-commissioning: 13 1 1 . . 3 ROCK QUARRY .............................................................................................................................. 13

............. 11.3.1 Source and its Extractions Guidelines: ................................................................. 13 ............ 1 I . 3.2 Potential Rock Sources ..................................................................................... 13

11.3.3 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions: .................................... 1 ....................... ; ............ 14 ............ 11.3.4 Closure upon its Aron-extractions: ................................................... , ....................... 14

1 1.4 BURROW PITS .............................................................. , ............................................................ 14 11.4.1 Source and its Extractions Guidelines: ........................................... ...................... .......... 14 11.4.2 Potential Burrow pits Sources ............................................................................. .......... 14 11.4.3 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions: .................................. , .................................. I5 11.4.4 Closure upon its Non-extractions: ........................................................................................ 15

1 1.5 STOCKPILING ..................................................................................... , .................................... 15 11 . 5.1 Criteria: ................................................................................................................................ I5 11.5.2 Top soil stockpiling: ................................................................................................ , ........... I5

.................................................................................................................. 11.5.3 Sand Stockpiling: 15 11.5.4 Pit Materials Stockpiling: ..................................................................................................... I5

1 1.6 DISPOSAL OF EXCESS CUT / FILL MATERIALS ................................................................................ 16 11.6.1 Origin of Excess Cut /Fill Materials: .................................................................................. 16 11.6.2 Prohibit Disposal of Excess Cut / Fill Materials on Unsafe Locations: .............................. 16 1 I . 6.3 Restrict Disposal of Excess Cut /Fill Materials to Designated Spots Only: ........................ 16

11.7 REINSTATEMENT OF EXISTING PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES .................................................. 17 1 I . 7.1 Disruption in Public Utilities /Services: .................................................... ................. . 17 1 I . 7.2 Embedded Poly pipe for Local Water Supply: ................................................................... 18

.................................................................. 11.7.3 Relocation of Transmission /Distribution Line: 18

12 . DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE: ROAD CORFUDOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 18

12.1 ROAD SIDE SLIPS STABILIZATIONS ........................................................................................... 18 12.1 . 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 18 12.1.2 Strategy for Bio-engineering Works a Success ............................................................... 18

...................................... 12.1.3 Findings /Observations and Proposed Bioengineering Measures 19 12.1.4 Selection Criteria of Plant Species ....................................................................................... 23

...................................................... 12 . 1.5 Quantity and Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works 23 12.2 CRITICAL SPOTS REQUIRING URGENT MITIGATION ACTION .......................................................... 28

13 . IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM: ......................................................................................... 28

14 . ITEMS TO PROVISION IN BID DOCUMENT .......................................................................... 28

................................................... 14.1 SERVICES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CUM BIO-ENGINEERING EXPERT 28 14.2 BKSTATEMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES .............................................................. 29

15 . SITE SUPERVISION. MONITORING AND REPORTING ...................................................... 29

15.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE ........................................................................................................... 30 15.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE .................................................................................................................. 30 15.3 PROJECT LEVEL MONITORING .............................................................................................. 31 15.4 DoR LEVEL MONITORING ....................................................................................................... 31

APPENDICES Appendix 1: Photograph Sheets Appendix 2: Bioengineering Works Appendix 3: Rate Analysis Appendix 4: Formats

List of Tables

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TRAININGS TARGETED TO ROAD CONSTRUCTION PRACTITIONERS .............. 4 MANAGEMENT APPROACH AS A TOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS PRIOR TO AND DURING UPGRADING WORKS ..................................................................................................... 6 SUMMARY OF PROPOSED ROAD UPGRADING WORKS ..................................................................................... 7 ECOLOGICAL RECEPTORS ALONG THE SURKHET . KALIKOT ROAD CORRIDOR (lST45 KM SECTION) .............. 9 PROSPECTIVE LABOR-FORCE CAMPSITE ON THE SURKHET 1 ST 45 KM ROAD ..................... 10 PROSPECTIVE QUARRY . ROCK AND BURROW PIT . ON THE SURKHET IST 45 KM ROAD .. 14 PROSPECTIVE SPOE DISPOSAL SITES AND TYPE OF ITS TREATMENT IN ROAD UPGRAGING WORKS OF SURKHET lST45 KMROAD ............................................................................................. 17 FINDINGS / OBSERVATIONS AND PROPOSED MUIGATION MEASURES ........................................................... 19 QUANTITY ESTLMATE FOR BIO-ENGINEERING WORKS ................................................................................... 24 COST ESTIMATE FOR BIO-ENGINEERING WORKS .......................................................................................... 27 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE RELATED WORK ITEMS AND ITS ESTMATED COSTS IN ROAD UPGRADING WORKS ................................................................................................................. 29 MONITORING OF ROAD UPGRADING'S ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY ....... 32

1. INTRODUCTION

1 .I BACKGROUND

The proposed upgrading of Surkhet 1st 45 km to all weather sealed standard is feeder road - a section of Surkhet Jumla Road. This road is located in the Mid Western Development Region and connects the District Headquarter of Surkhet District (Surkhet) to the Karnali Highway at Bangesimal.

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed upgrading road works starts at Bangesimal (4 km west of Surkhet chowk) and ends at first 45 km, with a little further distance left to Syaule.

This section of the road runs north - west past Syaule to the left bank of Karhali River. The road then runs northwards along the left bank.

The overall location of the proposed upgrading, inclusively Ecological Receptbrs Along the Surkhet - Kalikot Road Corridor, spoil disposal sites and rock I burrow pits, of 1"' 45 Km Section of Surkhet - Kalikot Road is illustrated in Figure 1 and 2.

This site - specific Environmental Management Action Plan (SS EMAP) has been prepared for the Surkhet 1st 45 km Surkhet - Kalikot Road to set out environmental management requirements associated with the proposed upgrading under the Road Sector Development Project.

This SS EMAP has been developed based on the inspection of proposed upgrading road, assessment of proposed site - specific upgrading works and review of its feasibility study report.

2. AIMS OF THE SITE-SPECIFIC EMAP This SS - EMAP has four aims, namely to:

I. Define the environmental management principles and guidelines for the pre- upgrading and upgrading phases

2. Describe practical mitigation measures that shall be implemented on road upgrading to prevent or mitigate environmental impacts

3. Establish resource needs for environmental management and 4. Establish supervision, monitoring and reporting framework

3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS

3.1 EXTRA CUTTINGS

Mass balancing (cut I fill equilization) of cut materials generated in road widening or structure installation is desired although, it is practically impossible to achieve without additional structure being provisioned according to a site specific needs. This in iteslf is an additional cost implicative issue. However, every possible measures will be in place to content any extra cut I fill materials at proper locations.

3.2 RETAINING WALLS

Where site specific conditions demand absolute need for retaining structure, it has been provisioned in the design exercise unless it is highly cost burdened ones. However, to contain environmental damage associated with its constructions, foundation excavations needs to be limited about its bottom most size so that peripheral required void fills is small enough and can it be adequately compacted.

Care also needs to be in place to ensure that ends of these walls are keyed with dry rocks, discouraging the flow of road surface runoff concentrated othetwise take the course at these ends and prompting side scours. Valleside materials also needs to be smoothly trimmed so that runoff is evenly distributed with a minimal sheet erosion until the site is gradually restored to its stable conditions.

3.3 DRAINS

Side drains Side drains generally provisioned by designs to minimize road surface run off although, side drain type's compatibility to site conditions is also overlooked. Any imcompatibility can be corrected with its verification on the ground.

Cross drains Valleyside settlements 1 lands are often prone to damaging effect of cross drains, especially in cases where design execises do provision its outfalls needs according to their discharge calculations and standard desing specifications only rather than in terms of ground reality or its limitations.

Design exercises without ground verifications with regard to a particulat design's compatibility with its installation locations and correction not in place for outfall location mismatching ground can lead to a serious conflict. This will particularly be more complications if and where outfall of the cross drainage by design is located just onto arable land, causing a risk of converting these lands into barren type.

Causeways Cause ways provisioned by designs in road constructions also at times misses to consider gushing effect of accumulated discharge of side drains at one outfall only rather in several outfalls without considering valleyside's ability to withstand it. In cases where it can not be avoided or in avoidable ones, gushing discharge needs to be nullified either with a provision of cascading or mattress on the valleyside.

Floodwavs Floodwavs without sufficient cutoff wall height can have its life shortened at places where downstream construction materials is ruthlLssly collected and not discourage'd.

4. CAPACITY BUIDLING:

4.1 WHY NEED IT: Parties, inclusively the Supewising Consultant and Contractors, respo{sible for environmental management associated with upgrading works have a feh or no knowledge about its compliance needs. They basically lack understa(nding of environmental implications of key issues associated with construction activitieg, causing adverse impact significantly on sites and its peripheral locations. Management Weasures, which aimed to overcoming these impacts during detail design works, incorpordted in bid document needs to be fully understood and implemented accordingly to ensure its compliance.

Training to Supervising Consultants' - Field Inspectors (ARES)/ Supervisors (Slows), Contractor's Field Supervisors etc - in general are not given on the envirionmental implications associated with construction activities and its management. ~o(;lstruction laborforce, who opt for maximum work progress for the pay slhe gets, are fully; unaware of consequence of works on the environment.

These are often reflected in the use of poor construction practices, inflictin,g severe damage on the environment. Most construction skills, however, can be gained in the field.

Capacity building measures - orientation, training etc - suitable for catering the'needs of the parties involved in implementation of construction activities to realize minimal adverse impact are identified and need it to be executed according to its schedule.

4.2 WHO AND WHAT NEED IN IT:

Orientation to construction managers - Supervising Consultants - will be organized on environmental management associated with upgrading works with a focus on key issues of construction activities.

In order to help achieve the quality upgrading and environmental works to a required standard, environmental management training leading to its accredition needs to be organized to Supervising Consultants' Field Inspectors (AREs) I Supervisors (SIOWs), Contractor's Field Supervisors.

Training needs to focus on the key construction issues that have profound implications on environment within its broad spectrum - not just to the right of way of proposed road upgrading but to region of its influence.

Skill enhancing trainings needs to be imparted to laborforce gang leader to be deployed for road construction works so that they can pass on their skills, knowledge etc to their fellow workers to help realize minimal adverse impact of their works on the environment.

This training needs to focus on environmental implications of his works and cause it to understand as a need for improvement in his working style, and cause him to pass understanding, knowledge to his fellow workers.

Skill enhancing trainings also needs to be imparted to laborforce gang leader to be deployed for bio-engineering works so that its quality works is achieved.

Training will be organized on bio-engineering skills needs so that quality bio-engineering works is achieved.

Training type catering needs of road construction practitioners is scheduled as outlined in Table I.

Table 1: Environmental Management Trainings Targeted to Road Construction Practitioners

1 rain in^ Type

/ Orientation

Training Audiences j Training Focus I

RE, ARES Environmental management of key Issues of construction activities; contractual compliance needs

Training ~ e a d 1 Line Prior to commencement of upgrading works

1 Training I Supervising Consultants ARES 1 Environmental implications i I

Prior to associated with construction commencement of activities and its management upgrading works I

Contractor's Engineers' Supervisors

----- i Skill Enhancing ( Training

Enhancing I Laborforce Gangleader

1

Laborforce Gangleader

' Skill Enhancing 1 Training

Environmental implications I Prior to associated with construction ! commencement of activities and its management upgrading works

Supe~ising Consultants SIOWs, Contractor's', Supervisors.

Environmental implications of his ' Prior to assignment of works and cause it to understand / his contract works as a need for improvement in his working style I

I

Exposure on practical bio- ' Prior to 1 engineering skill needs 1 commencement bio-

( engineering works

Key issues relating to bio- ' or to engineeting works a success: commencement bio- plant production knowledge, engineering works

-___I

Training Type 1 Training Audiences Tzzg Focus (Training Dead 1 Line -

correct plant handling, planting , techniques etc. I

In order to organize trainings targeted to various audiences as outlined in Table 1, resource inputs in the capacity of Environmental Specialist (ES) and Bio-ehgineering Expert (BE) are estimated at 2 - 3 weeks and one week consecutively.

5. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS: ,

Responsibility for environmental management associated with road upgradings:leading to gravel seal standard involves a number of parties inclusively:

DoR World Bank Supervising Consultant Contractor (road upgradings and bio-engineering)

These parties have their own specific responsibilities for particular activities associated with the design and implementation of mitigation measures prior to, during and post

. \

upgrading works.

DoR - project proponents - being the ultimate responsible party for the dgsign and supervision of all upgrading and environmental works, its implementation dill be the responsibility of the DoR Project Manager.

World Bank Representative will undertake overseeing of DoR's project management in accordance with their conditions, detailed designs and the SS EMAP, including the conduct of periodic site visits of constructions to ensure compliance.

Given Supervising Consultant complete final detailed designs and EMAP design recommendations, consultant will supervise day to day activities of the Confractor on behalf of DoR. Supervising Consultant will be responsible for all technical supervision of upgrading works, overseeing contract implementation and certifying contractcomplied works for payment. Accordingly Supervising Consultant will undertake l regular inspections and monitoring with regard to compliance status of all aspects of works as specified in SS EMAP.

Construction Contractor shall be responsible for executing all of his duties ahd works assigned road upgrading contract, inclusively all specified conditions in this SS EMAP. Contractor will, accordingly, work closely with the Supervising Contractor to ensure that upgrading works are constructed to design and its standard of specifications.

6. ROAD UPGRADING RELATED KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ITS SITE- SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

Environmental assessment in road constructions is generally focused on road alignment opening or its widening issues together with impact associated on local resources - land, forests etc - within road width formation along alignment rather than on key issues associated with construction activities. Impact in true sense is beyond this zone as it is

more intricately linked with other issues, which are keys to the road's serviceability, as outlined below. These issues need to be carefully focused, understood and addressed towards environmental safeguards management in road upgrading.

Environment assessment need also to focus on scope of works of proposed upgradings, which has environmental implications likely to cause by its standard works, inclusively road surface reformation and grading, side drain repair or construction and road surface gravel sealing.

Management approach as a facilitating tool of environmental safeguards to all concerned in road upgrading works - construction supervisors, contractors, labor forces etc - has been framed up, and need it to be adopted by the practitioners on sites (Table 2)

Table 2: MANAGEMENT APPROACH AS A TOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS PRIOR TO AND DURING LIPGRADING WORKS

Key Issue

Laborforce Campsite Establishment, Management

ldentify I Locate Appropriate Offce cum Workshop

RE I Contractor

I

and De-commissioning Prohibit any presence of untidy materials around

Contractor /

Ensure campsite de-commissioned to Prohibit any remains of hazardous residuals on the environmentally safe conditions RE 1 Contractor campsite

Identify / locate appropriate campsite

Contractots Office cum Workshop Establishment, Management and Decommissioning

-

Management Actions

Contractor

Disposal Ensure surplus cut 1 fill materials disposed at dispo;ingand its subsequent treatmeni prior to earth designated locations only RE I Contractor Ensure surplus cut I fill materials disposed sites treated with appropriate technique -free of environmental hazards RE /Contractor

- Ensure cam

Contractor I Laborgang Leader

Restrict contractots office cum workshop at designated location

-1 Ensure Office cum Workshop Establ~shed at Designated Location only

Ensure Office cum Workshop Well Run and Tidy

Ensure Ofice cum Workshop De-commissioned to Environmentally Safe

ldentify 1 locate appropriate disposal sites for excess cut I fill materials

ldentify I locate safe quarry 1 rock extraction sites Contractor

Approve / Ensure rock extractions at safe locations M a t e and ensure practicing standard format for

Quarry I Rock Extractions identifying safe quarry sites, method of quarry technique and subsequent safe closure dead line prior to earth

Close rock extractions safely upon completion of its cuttings

Implementing Body

Initiate and ensure practicing standard format for

Remarks

Restrict campsite at designated locations only

Prohibit campsiting other than at designated locations

RE / Contractor

Contractor

RE I Contractor

-

Prohibit office cum workshop other than at designated location

w materials

Prohibit any remains of hazardous ones upon decommissioning

Excess Cut / Fill Materials , RE / Contractor

usage

Certify 1 decertify closure of quarry sites based on its conditions

identifvin~ excess cut I fill materials disoosal sites. I

Contractor

RE

-- Initiate and ensure practicing standard format for identifying safe borrow pits, method of extractions and subsequent safe closure dead line prior to earth cuttings

Borrow pit Extractions Identify / locate prospective borrow pit extraction sites

Approve / ensure borrow pit extractions in safe locations only

Contractor

D c

Key Issue

I I Inventory public utilities I existing services I contractor

Implementing Body

Contractor

RE

Management Actions Close borrow pit extractions safely upon completion of its usage

Certify I decertify closure of borrow pits based on its conditions

I Public Utilities I Existing Services

7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Remarks 7

Identify I locate critical drainage system along upgrading stretch

Public consultations undertaken during Initial Environment Examination (IEE) for Surkhet - Kalikot Road Upgrading leading to gravel standard upgrading under RMDP (IDA Credit No. 3293 NEP) was limited to worskhop organized in Kathmandu. No separate IEE was developed under the Feasibility Study for this road.

Suggest time bound appmpriate reinstatement measures - pmvisional and permanent

Ensure reinstatement measure in place as by agreed type and scheduled

However, similar consultations, which is due for proposed upgrading to gravel seal standard for this road, are planned during its IEE study. Issues of road upgrading along with measures agreed will be ascertained, collected and documented. Given this road stretch a part of Surkhet - Kalikot Road, issues thus raised will have its relevancy and will act accordingly.

RE I Contractor

Issues - minimal land / properties acquisition, adequate compensation, involvement of locals in project works etc - raised for Satbajnh - Jhulaghat Road also have cothmonality and thus relevant to this road as well.

RE I Contractor

RE I Contractor

-

8. BIOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE SPOTS

Initiate and ensure pract~cing standard format for identifying suitable reinstatement measure, in place suggested measure - provisional and permanent prior to earth cuttings

Specifically by chainage of its natural and safe course Drainage

This road stretch has no protected areas - national parks, wildlife reserved, hunting reserves etc - within it nor in its vicinity. There are no signs, either, of wildlife eyistence in and around road stretch not requiring thus, any protective measure, inclusively Signboard for wildlife crossings on any stretch of this road. I

9. PROPOSED MAJOR WORKS

Suggest time bound suitable measure for entertaining natural course

Ensure suggested measure in place as agreed and scheduled

The proposed major works of road upgrading leading to gravel seal standard indlude road widening, slope stabilizations, drainage (improvement and new construction)i and the improvement of road geometry, including curves and gradients followed by gravpl sealing works. Summary of all proposed upgrading works are presented in Table 3.

RE I Contractor

RE I Contractor

Table 3: Summary of Proposed Road Upgrading Works

Structure - cut - fill --

Retaining wialls - Stone masonary (Coursed Random Rubble Masonry) - Gabion - Dry Stone

Type of Major Works

--

Road Widening - earth cutting - filling

1 Total Volume of Works (m3)

Number of I Length (m) Units 1

i

Side drains (new constructions and improvements) - in soil - in rock

Gravelling - Natural sub-base - Crusher Run Sub-base

I Bitument works - Gravel Seals (Ottaseal) 1 ! 223002.7 ) 1 Bio-engineering

( - cut 1 fill batters 1 - existing slopes

A total of 43+960 km of road will be widened to a maximum of 4.5 m formation width. In addition, 3 - 5 passing bays per km will be constructed along the Road. These works will involve the extraction of an estimated total of a 16790 m3 of earth and rock. Additional cut for structure works will involve the extraction of an estimated total of a 12985.9 m3 of earth.

A total of 627.6 m3 of CRRM and 770 m3 gabion works of retaining walls are proposed to stabilize the road formation where the fill embankment has failed or the cut slope requires support.

An estimate 375 m3 of cut 1 fill excess earth materials will be generated by the proposed road widening works. These materials will be disposed of at locations identified as disposal site - low impact within or adjacent to ROW. Rocks materials during road widening will generally be utilized to install retaining walls.

An estimate 28406 m3 gravel seal works will involve to complete upgrading works to gravel seal standard.

Bio-engineering measures will be implemented on all bare or semi-bare slopes prior to commencement of road upgradings, identified during site assessment as spots requiring stabilization.

10. ECOLOGICAL RECEPTORS ALONG THE ROAD CORRIDOR

Inventory of existing community infrastructure and community forest along road corridor noted during IEE study under feasibility survey and field investigation in July 2007 is presented in Table 4, which briefly outlines its conditions, locations by chainage / valley or hllside as appropriate along with a suitable mitigation measure.

Table 4: Ecological Receptors Along the Surkhet - Kalikot Road Corridor (4'' 45 Km Section)

Receptors

-- -

12 km approx Mostly agrcultural land with

i

Conditions Mitigation Road passes through forest block Complete restriction on any

of illigeal trade related activities

cultural values; restriction on environmental polluting activities

36 1 Large surface as well as gully erosion on the right hand 1 valleyside (Swot Khola)

41 + 575 Km - 41 New landslide + 590 Km 1

Respect natural I local cultural values; testriction on environmental polluting activities

Market should not be permitted to expand in area, salvaging the ndtural values; respect to natural values

1 must be a 'guiding line'

Need some repairs prior to its re-use for construction purposes; assess the extent of repair needs and act

approx Mostly agrcultural land with I :?d passes through agricultural ' Woodaltalgaun forest in distant

26 Km approx Located on the left flat top land , Sells commodities of local village

41 + 595 Km - 41 + / New landslide 610 Km 1

Village Market after crossing Swot Khola with (Baddicahur) i vegetation around

I i

I26 Km approx Located on the left flat top land i after crossing Swot Khola with vegetation around

(Baddicahur)

needs; serves refreshment facilities to and from commuters of Surkhet - Kalikot Road

-- ICE Contractor used this campsite during Surkhet - Kalikot gravelling works in 2000 - 03

sandy s o i ~ ; , ~ r o m ~ t i n ~ to fall as slip brush layering followed by I ' . following its saturation with monsoon rooted grass slip5 plantings

-- 27 Km appro~ Womens' Group Managed

Community Forest

Two gullies not in distant from road, extending towards road edge with a chance of collapse; no room for road

end

Slide comppsed of grvael mixed sandy soil,, promptiqg to fall as slip following its saturation with monsoon end

I 1 accordingly -

Well managed forest producing a ! Need to maintain the spirit of

36 + 120 Km - 36 + 225 Km

Urgently need ta successfsully treat this critical spot prior to its further

, --

Slope preparatioh prior to brush layering followed by rooted grass slips plantings

substantail quanttities of fuelwood i and timber

Three gullies not in distant from road, extending towards road edge with a chance of collapse; no room for road diversion or alingment shift

Large surface as well as gully erosion on the right hand valleyside (Swot Khola)

i

diversion or alingment shift in case it deterioration collapses --- I- Slide comppsed of grvael mixed , Slope preparation prior to

management system as an exemplary to interested group of commu,nity forest

Urgently need to successfsully treat this critical spot prior to its further deterioration 1 . ~n case it collapses

Slide comppsed of grvael mixed 1 sandy soil.. prompting to fall as slip following its saturation with monsoon 1 end

42 + 060 Km - 42 + 080 Km

Slope preparatiop prior to shrub seed sowirtlg followed by grass seed broadcasting

--

New landslide

Source: IEE Report Feasibility Study; Field Investigation July 2007

A road strip map showing ecological receptive features by legends are pre~ented in Figure I.

I I . DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE: ROAD CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

11.1.1 Campsite Establishment:

Labor forces are often needed in road upgrading, especially for its civil works - drains, structural works (gabion filling in retaining walls, breast wall, toe wall etc) etc. Day time break for meals, rest etc, and retiring at night needs campsite establishment within proximity of their work sites.

Criteria: Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards to be complied in regard to campsite establishment for labor forces1 day break and retiring. ~ c c o i d i n ~ l ~ , such campsite shall be:

One campsite per 3 km length of road stretch, where available Not located at water hole of its down stream consumers Away from potential unstable areas Away from flash flood level Away from any drainage lines (at least 10m) In low impact areas where road works induce damage is minimal

Whilst it is desired that campsite to the possible extent are located on the low impact sites meeting above criteria, local water availability for the labor force is the key to designating and establishment campsites.

During site-specific investigation of this road, prospective sites that are observed as suitable for campsites are noted indicating its changes (Table 5).

Table 5: PROSPECTIVE LABOR-FORCE CAMPSITE ON THE SLIRKHET 1ST 45 KM ROAD

L

3 1 11 km approx. 1 On the right side of road 4 1 1 5 krn I On the both sides of road

S. No 1 2

5 17 krn On the left bend of road

1 7 / 20 krn 1 On the left side of road 8 32 krn a rox. fi

Chainage 10 +000 km I I krn aoorox

Source: Site - specific Field Investigation July 17 - 23 '07

Existing Site Conditions On the left side of road On the both sides of road

These sites are mostly of flat land on the valley side, flat ridge on the road bend, abandoned fallow land in some cases etc. Where land of these types are locally available in some sections of road, concerned contractor need to identify suitable ones, negotiate with the landowner and reach to an agreement for its hiring.

In the event of suitable ones not available locally, locations specifically indicated by chainage for using prospective sites for the disposal of excess cut 1 fill materials from earth cuttings may also be used. Contractor need to seek approval for such needs upon familiarity of its configurations and gravity of impact likely to arise upon its usage.

11.1.2 Campsite Management: Laborforce at campsites generates during its usage a substantial quantity of human and other wastes - bio degradable and non degradable - of both pathogenic and non pathogenic ones. These wastes pose a potential source of sanitation conditions as well as environmental hazards to its locality and to downstream settlement.

Contaminating water hole, which traditionally has been used by the down stream consumers, by the labor force through their campsite activities may pose a threat of water borne diseases, especially viral infections - Hepatitis.

a) Facilities for Labor Force:

Toilet At least two toilets for one campsite1 5 labor forces Installation of removable pan system in each toilet Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines (VIPL)

VIPL type has distinct advantage over conventional soak pit one as being a dry system of latrine, requiring no flushing plus can be removed when no longer it need and iristalled at its need over and again.

Safety Measures to Laborfoce Involved in Risk Prone Works - Bitumen, Rocks Extractions:

Laborforce deployed to construction works along fractured rock site or quarry eytractions are prone to rock fall injury especially of head. They are also prone to serious hand and eye injure during bituminous works undertaken on road stretch. They need to put on safety gadgets - goggles, glove, boots etc during road surface sealing works especially bitumen handling as well as boots, helmets, gloves etc during works on rock site,

Eneroy for the Cookinq of the Labor Force: I

Kerosene - although desirable, it possibly can not be met in sustained supply in view of supply uncertainties, market shortages, price escalations etc Firewood - best and possible option at localities where cornrnun'ty forest management system exists; may need to negotiate with the local Enanaging groups for their willingness to its supply upon set out term and condit/ons, and reach out to an agreement accordingly. Private forest - another sburce for firewood supplies under similar agreement reached with the owners. Supplies from other sources without a standard agreement should be enfertained, primarily to discourage illicit trade within road stretch of works in progress,.

I

Medical Facilities for the Labor Force: Mandatory availability of first aid kit (bandage, medicated tapes, $ntiseptic solutions, antiseptic cream, cotton wool, paracetamol, benzene, analgesics etc) at each campsite Mandatory availability of basic medicines for diseases - diarrhea, : amoeba dysentery, pain relief etc ,

Safe Disposal of Solid Wastes: I I

Improper handlings and disposal of solid wastes generated by labor force: at their campsite would results in environmental degradation as well as prompts ganitation degradations - distractive campsite, polluted water supply, persistent odors, incidences of viral diseases etc.

11.2.2 Campsite Management:

Contractor's campsites also generates during its usage, along with other type of wastes, a substantial quantity of mechanical workshop induced wastes - gasoline spills, lubricants etc. These wastes pose a potential source of sanitation conditions as well as environmental hazards to its locality and to downstream settlement, if any in existence.

Contaminating water hole, which traditionally has been used by the down stream consumers, by the contractor campsite users may pose a threat of water borne diseases, especially viral infections - Hepatitis.

Fire Safetv Measure: Contractor's campsite, especially mechanical workshop, is a potential source of fire incidence. At least basic fire safety measure needs to be in place at each campsite. The fire safety measures include fire extinguisher, shovel, crow bar, hammer, buck&, ropes etc.

Disposal of Camp Wastes - Gabion wire off cuts, Lubricants etc: Improver handlings and disposal of wastes - gabion wire off cuts, lubricants - generated at contractor's campsite would results in environmental degradation as well a! prompts sanitation erosions - distractive campsite, polluted water supply, persistent odors, incidences of viral diseases etc.

a) Remedial Measures: , Designated separate landfill areas for solid waste disposal - bio degradable and non degradable one Facilitate recycling of non biodegradable or its safe disposal 1

, 11.2.3 Campsite De-commissioning: I

I

Camp sites used by contractor need to be de-commissioned and safely closed to free of environmental hazards to its locality as well as downstream settlements. Contractor can not simply de-commission and abandoned these sites at his discretion but shoqld obtain a 'letter of satisfaction' from supervising consultant. ,

I I

11.3 ROCK QUARRY I I

11.3.1 Source and its Extractions Guidelines:

Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards to be cdbplied in regard to rock extractions for structural works of this road upgrading. Accordin/gly, such extractions shall be:

Restricted to small areas I

Preferably located at existing or previously extracted site I

Preferably located on sites without trees cover (extremely spgrse distriburions) Located at least 60 m away from settlements I

Located at least 200 m from archeological, religious and cultural sites I

11.3.2 Potential Rock Sources I

Civil works - dry / gabion walls, side drains, cross drains etc - of this road upgrading may require a substantial quantity of hard rocks. The potential source of quarry - herd rock, burrow pits - is outlined in Table 6.

Table 6: PROSPECTIVE QUARRY - ROCK AND BLIRROW PIT - ON THE SURKHET I S T 45 KM ROAD

Source: Site - specific Investigation July 17 - 23 '07

-

Chainage

6 + 000 kin 17 km approx 24 km

38 km

11.3.3 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions:

Strict vigilance need to be in place during rock extractions at the quarry source. It also needs to ensure that

No rock materials littered arable on the valley side No condition is created inducing spill over of impoverished materials by the discharge during wet season over the arable land on the valley side No rock materials causing disturbance to public services, utilities etc

-

Quarry Type

11.3.4 Closure upon its Non-extractions:

All quarry source supplying rocks for the civil works of this road upgrading need to be safely closed to agreed conditions upon its extractions no longer required. No quarry source shall be abandoned at contractor's discretion but has to receive Resident Engineer's a 'letter of satisfactory closure'.

- - - - -

Existing Site Conditions

11.4 BURROW PITS

Upon achievement of road width formation through embankment filling, suitable materials of pits - gravel, sand and other aggregates - needs to be laid over these formations at varying depth of particular specifications with specified thickness in order to gain standard load bearing strength for vehicular traffic.

11.4.1 Source and its Extractions Guidelines:

Burrow pit Burrow pit Burrow pit

Burrow pit

Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards to be complied in regard to borrow pits extractions and for its laying over road width formation. Accordingly, such extractions shall be:

Need investigate further by the Contractor Source of mostly fine materials; need appropriate mixings

Potential source in up I down stream

Previously extracted site; need appropriate mixings

Restricted to small areas Preferably located at existing or previously extracted site Preferably located on sites without trees cover (extremely sparse distributions) Located at least 60 m away from settlements Located at least 200 m from archeological, religious and cultural sites

11.4.2 Potential Burrow pits Sources

Gravel surface works - sub base, base courses etc - of this road upgrading may require a substantial quantity of burrow pits rocks. The potential source of quarry - hard rock, burrow pits - is outlined in Table 6.

11.4.3 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions:

Strict vigilance need to be in place during burrow pits extractions at its quarry source. It also needs to ensure that

No pit materials littered on the valley side arable land No condition is created inducing spill over of impoverished materials by the discharge during wet season over the arable land on the valley side No rampant pits extractions cause disturbance to public services, utilities etc

11.4.4 Closure upon its Non-extractions:

All pits source supplying sub-grade, sub-base, base-course etc materials nbed to be safely closed to agreed conditions upon its extractions no longer required. No pit source shall be abandoned at contractor's discretion but has to receive Resident ~nbineer's a 'letter of satisfactory closure'.

11.5 STOCKPILING

Road upgrading needs a variety of construction materials - top soil for , enriching impoverished soil in cut I fill batter, sand for civil works, pit materials for laying over road formations. These materials need to be stockpiled at location of minimal lead a~nd free of environmental hazards.

1 1.5.1 Criteria:

Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards to be cymplied in regard to stockpiling - topsoil, pit materials for laying over the road formations - of this road upgrading. Accordingly, such stockpiling shall be executed: I

At least 10 m away from drainage lines On land with less than 10 degree slope On sites devoid of vegetations -trees, shrub Not above house or other civil structures

11 5 .2 Top soil stockpiling: I

Cut I fill batter is in general of impoverished soil type, which is devoid of plank growing nutrients. Top soil, which is rich in humus content and nutrient, is a valuable refilenishing supplement to enrich impoverished soil of batter slopes, and help plants sttike roots easily and grow subsequently. I

Whilst road upgrading generates a relatively lesser quantity of top soil than in pew road opening, it still is valuable materials for rehabilitating batter slopes, and hencq is worth collecting, stockpiling where it is available and stockpiled accordingly for its nded in the future. ,

I

11 5.3 Sand Stockpiling:

Large quantity of sand may be needed for civil works as well as for roaq sealing purposes. These materials hauled from distant sources needs to be store4 at safe locations - well away from road formation width, not risk prone to peripheral Idcations - prior to its usage according to the work type. I

11 5.4 Pit Materials Stockpiling:

A huge quantity of pit materials, which needs also to be hauled from distantsources, obviously is required for laying over as sub - grade, sub-base and base course on road width formation. These materials need to be stockpiled at safe locations - well ahay from road formation width, not risk prone to peripheral locations etc - so that its quality is

maintained and meet the standard of specifications. Care need to be taken at these locations so that no deleterious materials - plant leaves 1 twigs I branches, non- degradable materials, clay soil etc - impair such materials.

11.6.1 Origin of Excess Cut I Fill Materials: Earth cutting of proposed road upgrading will generate a varying quantity - depending on the need to achieve design specifications at a particular road section - of excess cut I fill materials, which are mostly originate:

From back cutting of hill slopes, especially on those sections high heights / slopes, mainly at road bends At sites where by design specification, box cut widening is the need At sites where extra excavation of the existing road sections is required to achieve grade of its specifications From cutting of existing batters on the hill slopes

Whilst some proportion of earth materials generated by its cutting can be used as fill materials in retaining wall as well as in some of the road sections as and where required, especially to achieve road grade, a substantial proportion still may remain as excess cut I fill materials, which need to be disposed to safe site without posing or causing a source of environmental degradation thereafter - both local and regional.

11.6.2 Prohibit Disposal of Excess Cut I Fill Materials on Unsafe Locations: Excess cut / fill materials shall on no account be allowed to dispose it but prohibit at the following types of sites

Fresh but just naturally begin to colonize, stabilize or stabilized unstable slopes Fresh but naturally being to stabilize or stabilized unstable slopes On natural water course posing a threat of or causing choking in its flow as well as in its course change Side cast over the edge of the excavations, fresh embankments Side cast immediately above potentially valued arable land Side cast above public utilities and existing services -water supply lines, irrigation canal systems, valley side trails etc Side cast above local settlements' physical structures, especially house

11.6.3 Restrict Disposal of Excess Cut I Fill Materials to Designated Spots Only: Disposal of excess cut 1 fill materials on to safe site without its environmental degradation is of prime concern, and proposed upgrading work must attempt to ensuring minimal possible environmental degradations, damages through proper and effective handlings and disposed on to safe sites only.

Excess cut 1 fill materials generated during road upgrading works need to be disposed to following types of site only

Flat low lying plains Flood plains without stretching over to main course Site requiring land fills, especially local play ground, community ground etc Site requiring value adding land fills, especially reclaiming land for building constructions Broad flat land on the ridge Fresh and swallow rill, gullies spread over large areas

Depressions spread over large areas

Safe locations as outlined above are identified during July 18 - 22, '07 road's site-specific identifications, and presented by Chainage with suitable treatment of disposed spots (Table 7).

Table 7: PROSPECTIVE SPOIL DISPOSAL SITES AND TYPE OF ITS TREATMENT IN ROAD UPGRAGING WORKS OF SURKHET IST 45 KM ROAD

Potential Effect Upon Spoil p

10 + 000 km

he both sides of

On the both sides of I I l k m road

I I 1 km approx

Source: Site - specific Field Investigation July 17 - 23 '07 I

No need of specific treatment On the left of road

32 km approx

32 km approx

1 . 7 REINSTATEMENT OF EXISTING PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES

Public utilities and existing services for the 1st 45 krn stretch of this Surkhet Kal~ikot Road were observed and assessed during site-specific investigations, and are less likely to be disrupted and or affected during upgrading works.

Minimal effect on the disposal spot

On the right side of road

However, these utilities and existing services, which get interrupted or lik&ly to be interrupted by road upgradings need to be reinstated, needs to be reinstathd with a provisional measure in place during construction works in progress ensuring it4 services not interrupted, and with permanent measure affected within agreed deadline with stakeholder.

Depression with standing trees

Gentle slope on the top

11.7.1 Disruption in Public Utilities 1 Services: Existing public utilities as well as local services, especially of water supply lines, irrigation canal systems, local trails, electric transmission line, telephone distribution lind, littering productive arable land with impoverished materials etc often disrupted or underpined by road constructions in the past, and remained its un-operational until local individuals, community or contractor (upon persistent persuasion by the supervising comsultants) mended it.

I

Minimal effect on the surroundings

I

Spread of spoil over large so that its height to low -

Low damaging effect on the surroundings if taken care of trees

Limited or no damage if spoil disposal well supervised

Spread of spoil over large; so that its height to low to the extent possible I

Spoil disposal activities nheds to be well supervised and controlled

11.7.2 Embedded Poly pipe for Local Water Supply: Poly pipes - supply line of drinking water - are at places embedded into the ground across road width. These pipes may be crushed during the operation of roller machine, thereby interrupting its supplies.

11.7.3 Relocation of Transmission I Distribution Line: Electric transmission line, telephone distribution line etc are common incidences encountered as it physically stationed in the middle of road width formation upon upgrading road to its design specifications.

12. DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE: ROAD CORRIDOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS

12.1 ROAD SIDE SLIPS STABILIZATIONS Hillside slips have been commonly observed environmental issue of this road upgradings. These slips at places may not only disrupt road serviceability but also choke side drains elsewhere.

The incidence of failures of these slips at places is of recurrent nature, which is largely attributing to a combination of extremely loose soil conditions, devoid of hill vegetations, and its steep slope. The rock extractions as a supply source for structural works have aggravated the situations.

Hill side slips of critical conditions, which were observed during site - specific investigations of this road, are presented it later for environmental improve mental improvement works, especially bio-engineering.

12.1 .I Objectives Following environmental improvement objectives aimed to be achieved through the implementation of the bio-engineering techniques as outlined below:

Stabilize cut and fill slopes. Reduce surface erosion. Reinforce the civil structures. Develop better water management for the protection of road pavement and structures. Reduce the maintenance cost of the road. Improve the aesthetic appearance of road corridor. Maintain the ecological balance of the road surrounding.

12.1.2 Strategy for Bio-engineering Works a Success * Five strategies are identified and established as pre-requisite for bio-engineering works a

success:

Ensure sites requiring bio-engineering works critically assessed with regard to its site conditions - physiographic type, distribution of rock, soil over the area, soil type and moisture availability etc - and identified resource limitations for plantings. This aims help identify limiting conditions against which appropriate measure is in place;

Ensure practical remedial measure is identified, suggested and implemented accordingly; Ensure plant production schedule is worked out realistically and correctly, and executed plants producing nursery activities in such a way that plants are well rooted, sufficiently hardened, appropriately sized (proportionate root shoot ratio) at the time of its plantings. This aims to achieve optimal stocking of plantings - growing well with its root struck on to site successfully; , Ensure site requiring bio- engineering treatment available to concerned workers prior to pre monsoon so that planting works can be commenced during site condition full of moisture, which eases plant strike its roots and grow sybstantially in the following monsoon. This aims plant struck its root as soon as possible in pre-monsoon and grow in the follow monsoon. I

Practice planting local species - mostly of grass and shrub species Bnd some short sized locally preferred trees - preferred to general ones on the sites requiring its roots' quicker struck and coverage. This is possible with only those stecies that has been naturally selected and striving for long within local conditions and available resources - moisture, soil depth, nutrients etc.

12.1.3 Findings I Observations and Proposed Bioengineering Measures 1 Site assessments in regard to slope conditions along the 1st 45 km stretch of lSurkhet - Kalikot alignment were made, and accordingly its findings / observations citiqg its bed composition including soil content along with prospective mitigation measures have also been proposed as presented in Table 8.

Table 8: Findings 1 Observations and Proposed Mitigation Measures

) S.N. / Chainage 1 Side 1 FindinglObservation 1 Proposed ~io'kngineering 1 1 Measures I

1 / O+OOO-0+100 I LHSI ( Embankment slope requires ( Brush layering

1 4 1 0+800-0+810 1 LHS 1 Small landslide composed of 1 Slope preparation

2

3

0+450-0+470

0+720-0+740

5 6

I I I ~ . . 1 composed of red laterite soil. I Planting rooted graks slips 1

RHS LHS

6+640-6+660 6+670-6+700

7

I I weathered rock mixed laterite. Planting rooted grass slips Rill formation due to surface Brush layering 1

) Landslide due to fractured rock, boulder mixed soil, rill erosion observed.

9 10

LHS Small landslide composed of Slope preparation

reinforcement Small landslide composed of gravel mixed red laterite.

LHS RHS . . .

Slope preparation , Planting rooted grap slips Sowing of shrub sepd

7+865-7+895

I

Slope preparation ; Plantin-

RHS

11+240-11+300 16+280-16+320

11

gravel mixed red laterite. Possibility of road edge erosion. Small landslide composed of

Planting rooted grabs slip Brush layering Slope preparation

LHS CHS

16+300-16+335

Small rill erosion. Laterite soil. Barren land Small landslide composed of

RHS

Fascines , Tree plantation Slope preparation

water. Embankment slope composed of clay soil.

Dry stone rip-rap drain Slope preparation Planting rooted grags slips

. . . soil. Planting rooted grass slips

~&1+07521+095 1 LHS 1 New lendslide composed of 1 Slope preparation

Proposed Bioengineering Measures Brush layering

S.N.

13

1 weathered rock mixed clay soil. 1 Planting rooted 15 1 21 +085-21+095 1 RHS I New landslide composed of clay I Slope

I I I . . . I soil. Back fill of breast wail ( Planting rooted grass slips 1

Chainage

19+925-19+965

( requires to reinforce. 16 1 23+800-23+810 1 LHS I Old landslide composed of clay

I I soil. Slope may^ fail due to undercutting and surface soil

Side

RHS

Brush layering Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips

FindinglObservation

I erosion. 11

clay soil. Formation of rills due to surface water requires to drain out safely. Cut s l o ~ e com~osed of laterite

I I I . . . I undercutting composed of I Planting rooted grass slips (

Planting rooted grass slips Dry stone rip-rap drain

S l o ~ e ~re~ara t ion

) weathered rock mixed clay. 18 1 25+220-25+270 1 LHS I Cut slope surface composed of I Slope preparation

I 1 1 weathered rock mixed clay. 1 Planting rooted grass slips 1

I

1 Dry stone rip-rap drain Old landslide C O ~ D O S ~ ~ of I Slope ~re~ara t ion

20

gravel mixed clay. Slope failure Planting rooted grass slips may occur due to undercutting. Shrub planting Small gully due to surface water. Gabion check dam

Earthwork excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil.

weathered rock mixed' soil. Gully formation due to surface water.

Old landslide composed of gravel mixed clay soil. Rill erosion due to surface water.

sowing o i shrub seed Broadcasting grass seeds Gabion check dam Earthwork excavation for

25+450-25+500 Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips Shrub planting

I I 1 foundation in gravel mixed soil. 26+720 1 LHS / Gully development requires to ( Gabion check dam

LHS

I ( check. Earthwork excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil. Slope preparation Planting rooted

grass slips Brush layering

26+890-26+898

I I I I

24 ( 27+000-27+020 1 LHS I Barren land below gabion wall ( Tree plantation I requires to support and anchor.

25 1 27+050 1 LH / Small kholsi draining culvert

RHS

I I I 1 discharge requires gully control

Small slope failure due to undercutting. Slope material composed of laterite soil

works. plantation Gabion check dam

Earthwork excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil

) S.N. 1 Chainage ) Side 1 Findinglobservation / Proposed Bioengineering 1

Cut slope surface composed of laterite soil requires armouring and small gully requires to

26

I I I

29 1 28+450-28+480 1 RHS Cut slope composed of laterite

28

LHS

Small gully requires to check. 28+140

soil. water from agriculture land

RHSl LHS

28+355-28+385

may damage the slope.

Cut s l o ~ e C O ~ D O S ~ ~ of laterite soil. surface ' armouring is necessary.

RHS

- Measures Gabion check

Embankment slope requires to reinforce.

Slope preparation Planting rooted

grass slips , Slope preparation Planting rooted

grass slips

dam Earthwork excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil.

Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips Large bamboo plaotation Gabion check dam Earthwork excdvation for foundation in gravd mixed soil. Brush layering

,

( Dry stone rip-rap dqain 34 / 32+420-32+450 1 LHS 1 Cut s l o ~ e surface composed of I S l o ~ e meparation

31

32

33

I I I . . . 1 sandy d~ay soil. surface erosion 1 Planting rooted grabs slips I I requ6es to check. 1 Brush layering 1

35 1 32+460-32+520 1 LHS I Gravel mixed and weathered I S l o ~ e ~re~ara t ion

30+650-30+670

30+730-30+760

32+270-32+300

rock mixed landslide. Slope may further fail due to undercutting and surface water.

. . . Planting rooted gra$s slips Brush layering Sowing of shrub sekd

RHS

RHS

RHS

36 1 32+480-32+520 ( RHS ( Possibility of road edge erosion.. ( Brush layering I , 37 ( 32+680-32+720 1 LHS 1 Loose hillside material moving 1 Brush layering ~

Small landslide composed of laterite soil may damage agriculture land above.. Small hill slope composed of red soil requires to trap material moving down. Gully erosion due to culvert discharge. Existing gabion wall requires to support and anchor.

~ -

1 39 33+350-33+420 1 LHS I Cut slope composed of coarse / Sowing of shrub se$d

Slope preparation Planting rooted grabs slips

I

Brush layering , I

I

Slope preparation Tree plantation Large bamboo p~adtation

38

- -

gabion foundation (toe cutting) is I

I weathered rock mixed soil. Sowina of shrub seed

-- 33+180-33+200

( gravel mixed soil.

1 ~ r o a d & s t i n ~ grass iseeds 42 ( 35+560-35+590 / RHS ( Cut slope composed of ( Sowing of shrub secbd

I

I weathered rock mixed soil. 43 1 35+940-36+030 I LHS 1 Cut slope composed of boulder 1 Sowing of shrub seed

LHS

40 1 33+470-33+480 1 RHS 1 Barren land. Reinforcement of Brush layering

) I I

( mixed soil.

Cut slope composed of gravel mixed soil..

I

1

Sowing of shrub seed ,

\ / weathered rock mixed soil.

Side FindinglObsewation

LHS

P

RHS

Small surface slip due to water discharged from agriculture land. Slope material composed of weathered rock mixed clay.

Large surface erosion as well as gully erosion at valley slope requires careful bioengineering works. The slope material composed of fine gravel mixed silty clay.

gully erosion at valley slope requires careful bioengineering works. The slope material composed of fine gravel mixed

weathered rock mixed soil. Backfill of breast wall requires reinforcement.

RHS

I

I

I

weathered rock mixed soil. Backfill of breast wall requires

Large surface erosion as well as gully erosion at valley slope requires careful bioengineering works. The slope material composed of fine gravel mixed silty clay.

Proposed Bioengineering Measures Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips

Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips Tree plantation Brush layering Fascines Large bamboo plantation Dry stone rip-rap drain Gabion check dam Earthwork excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil. I Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips Tree plantation Brush layering Fascines Large bam boo plantation Dry stone rip-rap drain Gabion check dam Earthwork excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil.

Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips Tree plantation Brush layering Large bamboo plantation Gabion check dam Earthwork excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil. Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips Brush layering

Brush layering Sowing of shrub seed

1 reinforcement. 51 1 36+730-36+760 1 LHS 1 Gravel mixed loose soil. The 1 Brush layering

I I I requires to trap. I .- -

material moving down the road

52

53

36+800-36+850

54

36+960-37+000

55

RHS

37+930-37+938

RHS

38+100-38+110

Old landslide composed of weathered rock mixed soil. The existing MNV requires

I LHS

Brush layering Sowing of shrub seed.

reinforcement. Old landslide composed of boulder mixed soil,

LHS

Sowing of

Loose gravel mixed soil below gabion wall requires reinforcement.

Brush layering

Spoil material below the road composed of gravel mixed soil.

Brush layering Broadcasting grass seeds

12.1.4 Selection Criteria of Plant Species Suitable plant species for the proposed bio-engineering works will be idenlified and selected based upon the following key points.

S.N.

Prompt root striking Drought resistant

' Rapid growth Long Living Adapt to the individual site condition. Substantial root growth

Side Chainage

12.1.5 Quantity and Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works Quantity in regard to proposed mitigation measure for correcting vulnerable s lo~es based on its site specific assessments have been worked out according to its spot risk level (Table 9). These quantities in turn have also been translated into cost based on rate analysis worked out for each items (Table 10). ,

Measures 1 Sowing of Shrub seed Broadcasting grass seeds Sowing of Shrub seed

Sowing of shrub seed I

Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips Brush layering

Slope preparation Planting rooted g r h s slips Brush layering Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips Brush layering Slope preparation Planting rooted grass slips

FindinglObservation

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

Proposed Bioengineering '

38+150-38+200

38+300-38+380

39+450-39+490

41+550-41+565

41+575-41+590

4 1 +575-41+590

41 +595-41+610

63

LHS

RHS

RHS

LHS

LHS

RHS

RHS

42+060-42+080

Cut slope surface composed of gravel mixed soil. Old landslide composed of fractured rock mixed soil.

Cut slope composed of boulder mixed clay. Gravel mixed sandy soil below gabion wall requires armouring and reinforcement.

Spoil gravel mixed soil below gabion wall requires armouring and reinforcement. New landslide composed of gravel mixed sandy soil.

New landslide composed of gravel mixed clay sod.

RHS New landslide composed of loose gravel mixed clay.

Slope preparation , Sowing of shrub sged Broadcasting grass seeds

Table 9: Quantity Estimate for Bio-engineering works

Name of Road: Surkhet-Kalikot Road(Ch:0+000-45+000) I I I I I 1

SN Chainage Side

2 -

3 -

4

5

Remarks

--

-

O+OOO- 0+100

0+450- 0+470 0+720- 0+740 0+800- 0+810 6+640- 6+660

BP(Nos.) sp(rnZ)

150 0

200.0

100.0

60.0

300.0

150.0

LHSI RHS

LHS

LHS

LHS

LHS

RHS

-

RGS(~' )

150.0

200.0

100.0

ppppp.

60 0

300.0

150 0

90.0

-

15.0 - ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~

7

8

9

10

11

1 5

D R R ( ~ ~ ~ )

3.8

24

TIS(Nos.)

I

19

-----

Items

FS(m)

10 0

BL(m)

500 0

55 0

7+865- 7+895 8+500- 8+515

11+300 16+280- 16+320 16+300- 16+335

18

- GcD(rn3)

-- RHS

RHS

1 1 +240-

12

13 -

14

15

16

17

25+350

E W ( ~ ~ )

and

Gs(mZ)

LHS

LHS

RHS

25+270 25+300-

Quantity

ss(rn2)

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ -

300.0

18+100- 18+130 19+925- 19+965 21 +075- 21+095 21 +085- 21+095 23+800- 23+810 25+130- 25+150 25+220-

I 270.0

200 0

1 225 0 LHS 1

LHS

RHS

LHS

RHS

LHS

LHS

LHS

270.0

200.0

400.0

225.0

1500.0

150.0 1 150.0

400.0

140.0

240 0

65.0

65.0

240.0

140.0

240.0

65.0

65.0

240.0

Name

SN

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

_ 30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

of Road:

Chainage

25+450- 25+500 25+550- 25+600 26+720

26+890- 26+898 27+000- 27+020 27+050

28+140

28+175- 28+205 28+355- 28+385 28+450- 28+480 29+160- 29+230 30+650- 30+670

-

30+730- 30+760 32+270- 32+300 32+420- 32+450 32+460- 32+520 32+480- 32+520 32+680- 32+720 33+180- 33+200 33+350- 33+420

Remarks

Surkhet-Kalikot

Side

LHS

LHS

LHS

RHS

LHS

LHS

LHSIRHS

LHS

RHS

RHS

LHS

RHS

RHS

RHS

LHS

LHS

RHS

LHS

LHS

LHS

Road(Ch:0+000-45+000)

sp(mZ)

120.0

400.0

48 0

150.0

105 0 -

350.0

80.0 -

100.0

190.0

600.0 -

-

R G S ( ~ ' )

120.0

48.0

150.0

105.0 -

80.0

100 0

190.0

300 0

--

E W ( ~ ~ )

3.0

2.3

5.0

7.5

2.3

--

-

BP(Nos.)

8.0

5.0

6.0

TIS(Nos.)

200.0

300.0

-

200.0

-

D R R ( ~ = )

1.2

pppp -

4.7

-

BL(m)

30.0

60.0

90.0

60.0

140.0

80.0

80.0

G C D ( ~ ~ )

6.0

13.5

15.0

37.0

7.5

Items

FS(m)

and

G S ( ~ ' )

- 400.0

Quantity

ss(rn2)

400.0

-

300.0

120 0

- 560.0

Name

SN

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

'O

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

o f Road:

Chainage

33+470- 33+480 35+460- 35+490 35+560- 35+590 35+940- 36+030 36+100- 36+160 36+180- 36+205 36+120- 36+225 36+300- 36+380 36+650- 36+700 36+700- 36+715 36+730- 36+760 36+730- 36+760 36+800- 36+850 36+960- 37+000 37+930- 37+938 38+100- 38+110 38+150- 38+200 38+300- 38+380 39+450- 39+490 41 +550- 41+565

Surkhet-Kalikot

Side

RHS

LHS

LHS

LHS

LHS

LHS

RHS

RHS

RHS

RHS

RHS

LHS

RHS

RHS

LHS

LHS

LHS

RHS

RHS

LHS

Road(Ch:0+000-45+000)

Remarks

I

sp(m2)

300 0

150.0

2675.0

6000.0

2750.0

70.0 1

R G S ( ~ ~ )

150.0

2675.0

6000.0

2750.0

70.0

TIS(Nos.)

-- 5000.0

6000.0

5000.0

--

26

200 0

E V V ( ~ ~ )

21 .O

32.0

27.0

-

BL(m)

50.0

1500.0

2500.0

600.0

30.0

Items

FS(m)

50.0

300.0

and Quantity

-

G S ( ~ ' )

300.0

G C D ( ~ ~ )

105.0

150.5

140.0

ss(rn2)

300.0

210.0

900.0

BP(Nos.)

50.0

100.0

50.0

475.0

400.0 -

150.0

1500.0

1040 0

400 0

-

1 300.0

300.0

D R R ( ~ ~ )

75.0

135.0

-

1500.0

100.0 60.0

105.0

-k

200.0 150 0

Name of Road: Surkhet-Kalikot Road(Ch:0+000-45+000) I I I I I I

Table 10: Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works

SN

60

61

62

Chainage

41 +575- 41t590 41 +575- 41t590 41 t595- 41t610 42+060-

Name of Road Surkhet-Kalikot

63 42t080 f Totalquantity

S.N. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Side

LHS

RHS

RHS

RHS

-.

Note:SP=Slope preparation, RGS=Planting rooted grass slips, TlS=TreelShrub planting, BL=brush layering, FS= Fascines, GS=Broadcasting grass seeds, SS=sowing of shrub seeds, BP=large bamboo planting, DRR=Dry stone rip-rap drain, GCD=Gabion check dam, EW=Earth work excavation for foundation.

7

Description of Items Slope Preparation for Bio-engineering works (Specification Clause No. 2840)

Planting rooted grass slips at spacing 100 mm within the row and 250 mm between the rows (Specification Clause No. 2853)

TreeIShrub planting (Specification Clause No. 2854)

Brush Layering (Specification Clause No. 2856)

Fascines (Specification Clasuse No. 2856)

Broadcasting grass seeds@25 gmlSqm (Specification Clause No. 2851) Sowing of shrub seeds at 250 mm spacing (Specification Clause No. 2852)

Large bamboo planting (Specification Clause No. 281 1)

Construction of dry stone rip-rap drain

Total Amount I

101.5

10 ~- -~

11

1451733.82 1

Remarks Items and Quantity

440.0

17863.0

Unit

sqm

sqm

No

M

M

sqm sqm

No

Cum

Supply of gabion box and fill stones - -p-p--p-p- ~ - -

Earthwork in excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil

- E W ( ~ ~ )

360.0

Quantity 17863

16073

19000

6585

360

2640

8095

21 9

228.65

sp(m2)

200.0

210.0

170.0

6585.0

440.0

2640.0 16073.0

Cum Cum

477.5

440.0

8095.0 19000.0

Rate (Nrs) 13.28

34.9

19.85

24.37

29.83

8.84

6.79

122.82

FS(m)

477.5 101.5

BL(m)

100.0

30.0

20.0

Gs(m2)

219.0

F?Gs(m2)

200.0

210.0

170.0

Amount (Nrs) 237220.64

560947.7

377 150

160476.45

10738.8

23337.6

54965.05

26897.58

G C D ( ~ ' ) ss(m2)

228.7

TIS(Nos.)

Remarks

-

Refer Civil work items

~ - - - - ~ ~

1 Refer~Civil work items - ~ ~-

Refer Civil work items

BP(Nos.) D R R ( ~ ~ )

7.5

12.2 Critical Spots Requiring Urgent Mitigation Action Site assessments in regard to slope conditions along the 1st 45 km stretch of Surkhet - Kalikot alignment were made, and accordingly a prospective mitigation measures based on its finding citing its bed composition including soil content have been proposed.

Slope conditions along the road stretch are of varying type in respect of risk level. Spots at Chainage km 36 + 120 - km 36 + 225 and km 36 + 650 - km 36 + 700 on the right hand valley side are of critical risk levels as characterized through the converge of three initiating gullies and two initiating gullies at different locations. These spots, although not in sight of alignment position, have been deteriorated by the untamed drainage - first starting from hillside of the GI water supply lines as well as hillside catchments on the left side of road stretch.

Run off, apparently originating from these areas, are of rather damaging ones prompting a call for urgent management intervention. Given no action in place, these spots can result in to mass slips extending right up to road way causing complete disruption to traffic. With the occurrence of this event and disruption to traffic, there is no room both for diversion or re-alignment options.

Given appropriate bio-engineering measure in place over these critical spots, it cost implications outweigh the traffic chaos resulted by the road way collapse.

13. IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM:

Environmental impacts induced by road upgrading begin to surface up and observed as and when Contractor's construction activities commences and are taking place during upgrading with its severity, limits and extent depending on how seriously environmental implications are understood and respected.

Environmental concerns and measure up to its study along with its management need on the site during implementation is well recognized, organized and respected. However, this still has to surface up witti the Contractor who undertake construction activities with a little or no respect to the environment, inflicting tremendous damqge on the environment. This damage is due to absence of technical skill, know how, control etc, more specifically of an environmental expert, which needs to be in place with the Contractor as do for other disciplines.

14. ITEMS TO PROVISION IN BID DOCUMENT

14.1 SERVICES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CUM 610-ENGINEERING EXPERT

Bid document needs to provision, as a responsible contractor to procure services, of an Environmental cum Bio- engineering expert who will be accountable to the Employer and his representative (supervising consultant) and responsible for implementing site -specific Environmental Management Action Plan on the site of upgrading works. Assigned Environmental Expert's job is to work in close contact with employer's representative especially with Environmental Specialist in regard to attending and causing road upgrading induced implications of all the key environmental issues restricted to a minimal within conditions of contract and special provisions of specifications as well as take up bio-engineering works in line with specifications of Bid Document. Assigned Environmental Expert also regularly needs to report on the status, conditions of environmental safeguards practiced to the employer through its representative.

14.2 REINSTATEMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES

Rural trails, water supply lines, irrigation canal systems often damaged by the upgrading works and abandoned without respect needs to its reinstatement.

Bid Document needs to provision items of PCC or Rock Mortar Type Matching Site Conditions; cost for this item need to be addressed and incorporated in bid docqment

Bid Documents needs to provision of items 1" or 112" Dia GI Pipe over Road Cross Sections; cost for this item need to be addressed and incorporated in bid documents

Bid Documents needs to provision items of PCC or Dry Rock Lining Matching Site Conditions; cost for this item need to be addressed and incorporated in bid document.

ltems to provision in Bid Document otherwise not included in other headings a(e outlined in Table 11. I

Table 11 : ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE RELATED WORK ITEMS AND ITS ESTIMATED COSTS IN ROAD UPGRADING WORKS

1

15. SITE SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND REPORTING I

I I

The strict supervision of construction activities needs to be in place prior to abd during road upgrading to ensure that:

Environmental Protection Work Items

Training cum workshop

3. Reinstatement of Public Util~ties and Services

3.1 Trails (Hillside I Valleyside)

3.2 Drinking Water Supplies

3.3 Irrigation Canal Systems

Works are constructed in accordance with the approved designs and Environmental impacts are fully mitigated with the SS EMAP

A standard system of site inspections, approvals and reporting shall be undertiken over the period of road upgrading. I

I

Nos.

Monitoring and reporting of environmental management activity prior to and duling road upgrading shall also be undertaken as outlined in Table 12. ,

The Supervising Consultant shall undertake the following site inspections, in cohjunction with the Contractor, where specified to:

Per Unit Cost

PS

PS

PS

PS

assist in site planning and

Total Action Organize training cum workshop on c ' nstruction and environmental management principlegto Contractor's Field Supervisor. Laborforce G a n g l e a d e r

I

1

Bid Document needs to provision itemp of PCC or Rock Mortar Type Matching Site Conditons; cost for this item need to be addresed and incorporated in blp document

I

Bid Documents needs to provision of Pipe over Road Cross Sections; cost addresed and incorporated in bid doc ments

oversee constructions and its environmental impacts

15.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Two pre-construction inspections of section of alignment shall be undertaken by the Supervising Consultant and Contractor.

Pre-construction lnspection 1: Shall involve a site review of upgrading works along a stretchof 4 - 6 km of road. It will serve to:

ldentify and locate by Chainage site - specific environmental problems ldentify and locate by Chainage prospective labor force campsites ldentify and locate by Chainage services that needs to be reinstated ldentify and locate by Chainage prospective excess cut / fill materials disposal ldentify and locate by Chainage sources of rock for retaining wall construction Plan the phasing of construction along the alignment avoiding duplication of works and optimization of local resources use.

During the inspection, Supervising Consultant and Contractor shall discuss and agree upon issues list above, including the services that need to be reinstated as well as acceptable excess cut I fill disposal sites.

The Supervising Consultant shall, accordingly, document the type and location of all services that need to be temporarily reconnected and reinstated by the Contractor, and a copy of this to the Contractor.

Pre-construction lnspection 2: Shall occur after the Supervising Consultant has surveyed and pegged the crest and toe of cut 1 fill batter, retaining wall sites, drain lines and the Contractor has pegged all excess cut / fill materials disposal sites, campsites etc.

The Supervising Consultant shall review the sites pegged by the Contractor and approve them for construction where appropriate or request the Contractor to re-peg sites.

Follow-up lnspection - any specific sites that require re-pegging shall be re-inspected by the Supervising Consultant and the Contractor. The Supervising Consultant shall approve these sites or request the Contractor to re-peg as necessary.

15.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The Supervising Consultant shall undertake daily, weekly, and monthly supervision and inspections of upgrading works during the period of construction and of campsites as necessary.

Daily Supervision - the Supervising Consultant shall supervise the following works under construction each day:

Excavation activities Fill embankment construction Excess cut I fill materials disposal

If any activities are not undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP conditions, the Contractor shall be verbally requested by the Supervising Consultant to rectify the situations.

Weekly lnspections - the Supervising Consultant shall undertake weekly inspections, in conjunction with the Contractor, of all the works inspected during the daily supervision as well as the following work under construction:

Retaining and breast wall construction Drains construction Reinstatement of public utilities and services Quarry I burrow pits

If any activities are not undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP o'onditions, the Supervising Consultant shall document these activities and specify ~orrective measures in the Weekly Repott. The Supervising Consultant shall provide a cgpy of the Weekly Report to the Contractor within 2 days of the lnspection for action.

All drainage works and drain outlet areas will be inspected after each major s t o q event.

Monthly lnspections - the Supervising Consultant shall undertake a monthly ibspection of all sites in use over the preceding month, as well as site activities currently in (progress, at the end of each month in conjunction with the Contractor.

If any activities are not undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP cbnditions, the Supervising Consultant shall document these activities and specify forrective measures in the Monthly Repott. The Supervising Consultant shall provide a cqpy of the Monthly Report to the Contractor within 2 days of the Inspection for action. I I

15.3 PROJECT LEVEL MONITORING

Supervising Consultant shall, on behalf of project, undertake its level of moqitoring of road upgradings leading to gravel seal standard. This monitoring will be of ttree tiers nature with:

Daily Supervision - Excavation activities, Fill embankment construction and Exdess cut I fill materials disposal

Weekly lnspections - Retaining and breast wall construction, Drains construction, Reinstatement of public utilities and services and Quarry I

burrow pits ,

Monthly lnspections - inspection of all sites in use over the preceding month, a ' ~ well as site activities currently in progress, at the end of each month in conjunctionlwith the Contractor.

15.4 DoR LEVEL MONITORING

DoR shall undertake bi-annual monitoring of upgrading works with specific focus on issues associated with road upgrading, level of contractor's non respect to EMAP, site constraints etc. I

Table 12: MONITORING OF ROAD UPGRADING'S ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY

Phase

Obtain all necessary permits prior to commencing any upgrading works

Provide a copy of all permits to the contractor

Adhere to all terms and conditions

Environmental Requirement

Obtain written permission from private landholders to conduct activities on their land prior to its commencing, and prov~de copies to Supervising Consultant

Constructio ns

DoR

DoR

Contractor

1 re - construction

Worksite Survey, Pegging and Approval

Action

Contractor

Training

Work Commenced as scheduled

Copies received

No case of conditions infringed

All contractor's technical field staff attend the 'Environmental Management Targeted to Road Construction Practitioners ' and receive accreditation prior to construction commencing

Responsibility

Prior to commencing construction activities Prior to constructions

During constructions

Permission obtained

Organize and convene the 'Environmental Management Targeted to Road Construction Practitioners' as outlined Table 13 as a part of Capacity Building

Prior to commencing construction activities

Performance Indicator

DoR. Supervising Consultant

Respect to Effective Implementation of site - specific EMAP

Schedule

Training cum Workshop Organized Prior to commencement of construction activities I bio-

Prior to commencing construction

t All works constructed as pegged

I Contractor

Suwey at least 2000 m road stretch of upgrading works with a level

Jointly inspect the surveyed works Locate, peg out and seek approval from the Supervising Consultant prior to the commencement of related activities Inspect and approve, if correct, all pegged sites

1 activities

Supervising Consultant Supervlsing Consultant and Contractor

Contractor Supervising Consultant

Contlnue to survey and peg out at least 2000 m of upgrading ahead of furtherest of construction underway

1 Locate, peg out and seek approval from the SupeMrsing Consultant for I Laborforce Campsite Established at the Laborforce Campsite Establishment Contractor Designated Location only

Provide and maintain safe drinking water, sewerage and waste disposal No reports of water bome diseases; tidy Contractor

Supelvising Consultant

As required

Laborforce Campsite Establishment

Recycle or dispose of solid waste as directed by the Supervising Consultant Contractor No reports of solid waste indisposed Monthly

I

As required

r I I I

Inspect and approve, if correct, all pegged sites

Laborforce Campsite Management

I I I Supervising Consultant

Liaise with affected communities regardingupgrading works

No complaints received from local people Weekly

Contractor

Full legal respect to forest products, wildlife, aquatic life etc by the laborforce As re

t Phase Environmental Requirement

Reinstatement of Public Utilities 1 Existing Services

Retaining Wall Construction

Topsoil Saving and Re- use

Embankment Construction and

Action

Ensure laborforce act in a responsible manner to local people; no harvest or take private resources, forest products, wildlife I aquatic life poaching etc

Restrct working hours to and between 07:OO - 19:OO hrs

Inventory all public utilities I existing services to be reinstated

Locate and reach agreement with affected people on the services to be maintained, temporarily cut and reinstated, including the timing, location of cuts and reinstatement

Maintain or provide temporary sewices during construction

Reinstate or repair all interrupted services to their previous capacity

Inspect and certify the reinstatement of services

Survey and peg out Retaining Wall (RW) sites prior to any road excavation

Jointly inspect the Surveyed 1 pegged works

Construct RW progressively prior to commencing each associated excavation once certified by the Supervising Consultant

Backfill RW in layers not exceeding 150 mm with adequate compaction in place

Save all available topsoil from earth cuttings and re-use it on cut Ifi l l batters approved by the Supervising Consultant

Strip and stockpile topsoil, if available, from all s&sto-be_disturt,ed- - -

Survey and peg out crest of all cut batters and toe of earth embankment prior to any related excavation

Responsibility

Contractor

Contractor

Supervising Consultant, Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Supervising Consultant

Supeivising Consultant

Supervising Consultant. Contractor

Supervising Consultant, Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Cont~actor - - - - - - --



No sewices requiring reinstatement excluded in inventory

Agreement reached on services to be reinstated

-

Full functioning of temporary services

Full functioning of reinstated services

All RWs constructed as pegged

Discussion I consensus on pegged works

No excavation initiated prior to associated RW construction

No backfill settlement exceeding 100 mm after one wet season

No sight of topsoil mishandlings

Topsoil, where ava~lable, stockp~led away frnm suhsail - -

All batters cut as pegged onty

Schedule

As required

As required

As required

As required

As required

As required

Weekly

As required

As required

Daily 1 Weekly

Daily I Weekly

As required

As required

As required

Jointly inspect the pegged embankments

Phase Environmental Requirement

I consensus on pegged works As required I weekly

Bench the natural surface foundation of each embankments prlor to filling to enable the keying in and compaction of earth

Action

Embankment fill in layers not exceeding 150 mm at a time with moist compaction

Drainage

Contractor

Excess Cut I Fill Materials Disposal

Responsibility

Contractor

Earth work foundation fully benched prior to embankment filling

Identify, peg and seek approval fro the Supelvising Consultant for prospective excess cut I fill materials disposal locations

lnspect and approve, if correct, all pegged excess cut I till materials disposal sites

Instruct the machine operator1 laborforce on the approved excess cut I fill materials disposal locations and supervise its correct placement


Daily / As required

No backfill settlement exceeding 100 mm after one wet season

Contractor

Sulvey and peg designed drainage lineworks prior to construction. Outlet drains into existing natural I stable drainage lines

I Construct all designed drainage lineworks prior to, during or I 1 1 1

Schedule

Daily I As required

Contractor

Su ervisin Consultant

I I I

Jointly inspect the pegged drainage lines

Excess cut I fill materials disposed at approved locations in a correct way


Supervising Consultant. Contractor

immediately following excavation to minimize erosion hazards I Contractor 1 Minimal erosion hazards I Weekly 1 As required

Pegged as designed drainage lines

lnspect all drainage lineworks and erosion hazards after each major storn event durino the ~e r i 0d of uwradina. Reoair all failed lineworks

Weekly I As required

Discussion I consensus on pegged drainage lines

No major erosion around drain lines,

Weekly 1 As required

I

Appendix 1 : Photograph ~ d e e t s

Photograph Sheet 1- Surkhet-Kalikot Road

Excess material disposed through rocky slope; Road section laden with fractured rockfalls; narrowed down its width with gradual vegetation disrupted its service for five days; Need to clean growth up debris down to previous road level

Opposite view of a gabion fill in progress; I

distinct bed rock seen under the overlaid road Closer view of a gabion fills in pr$gress

surface I

Recurrent slide induced by rock extractions in past upgrading for gabion fills

Longitudinal view of gabion fiils in progress

Photograph Sheet 2- Surkhet-Kalikot Road

Opposite view of a gabion fill in progress; Burrow pit apparently extracted in the past distinct bed rock seen under the overlaid road upgrading; potential source of materials if surface corrected with deficient ones

Burrow pit apparently extracted in the past upgrading; potential source of materials if corrected with deficient ones

Appendix 2: Bioengineering Wbrks

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1

SLOPE ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................................................. 1

................................................................... VEGETATION INVENTORY OF THE SURROUNDING 1

................................................. PROPOSED PLANT SPECIES FOR BIO-ENGINEERING WORKS 2

.......................................................... METHODOLOGY OF BIO-ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 3

...................................................................... METHODS OF BIO-ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 3

................ ............................................................................................... NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT 7

................ ............................................................... NURSERY OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT: 7

1. Introduction

Surkhet-Kalikot Road (Km 0+000 - Km 45+000) is located in lWid Western Development Region of Nepal, and passes it through the series of hills in mountain. It is the part of principal access route (Nepalganj-Surkhet-Kalikot) to the district headquarters of Kalikot.

It is only the highway that links further to Jumla in Karnali zone and hence named as "Karnali highway". The road begins from Surkhet, one of the major trade centre and largest valley in Mid Western Development Region of Nepal.

The road passes through the densely forested area having fragile geological characteristics. Therefore, the road was planned to implement bioengineering technique in mitigating the possible slope failures along the road alignment and its surrounding.

Accordingly, site visit was made during July 22- August 04, 2007 for assessment of vulnerable slopes. During this visit, assessment were made for details of existing and possible cut and fill slopes, existing landslides, spoil area, and possible landslides during road constructions along with identification and incorporation of bio-engineering measures with the civil structures, and proper water management. .

2. Slope Assessment

Slope Assessment for this stretch of road was carried out in the field that aims to justify th,e necessity of proper bio-engineering application as well as to determine appropriate technique required for different nature of vulnerable slopes.

During this assessment visit, it was intended to incorporate site characteristics of each spots in line with a check list such as geomorphology, rainfall, altitude, drainage system, aspect, wetness of area, stoniness, length and depth of failure, slope material drainage, vegetation pattern along the road and its surrounding.

The natures of the existing slope materials are poorly drained. The altitude ranges from about 400 rnsl to 2000 msl.

The soil type of the road sections compose mainly the mixture of red laterite, clay, boulder and weathered rock. The soil type of some stretch of road section, mainly from ch. km 0 + 000 - km 42 + 000 is composed of weathered rock mixes of clay with some stretches of clay and gravel mixed soil. There also exist partly weathered rocky area in hill slope from ch. 42+000-45+000 Km. In valley side slope mostly at the culverts, discharging the surface water large gullies have been developed by the discharging surface water, requiring its check with appropriate measure. Major gully erosions, landslides and surface erosions were found at ch. 36+100-36+700 Km (RHS) in valley side, which needs to apply careful and extensive bio-engineering measures.

Bare slopes at the hill and valley side including tip area of spoil material requires careful revegetation through proper bio-engineering techniques in order to protect the cut and fill slopes from soil erosion and landslide. It is also necessary to check the undermining of civil structures as well as to protect the adjoining agricultural land, and forest.

3. Vegetation Inventory of the Surrounding

Due to climatic diverse in the region, identification and selection of plant species for the local environment is very essential for the good survival and for the good result. Thus the assessment of indigenous plant species along the road corridor and its surrounding area was carried out. Main emphasis in the inventory was given to use locally available

indigenous species. Following TreelShrubs and Grass Species were found during inventory survey (Table 1).

1 Sal I Shorea robusta 1

Table 1. Tree I Shrubs observed during field visit for the slope assessment

Khayer , 1 Accacia catechu Machhain 1 Not known

Local Name Salla Bakeno Koiralo Khan y u Chiuri

I Areri 1 Acacia pennata

Botanical Name Pinux roxburghii Melia azedarach Bauhinia variegata Ficus semicordata Aesandra butvracea

Khirro 1 Sepium insegne

1 Kettuke / Agave americana

Sa'iwan J h a As u ro Jamun

Sindure ( Mallotus philipensis D hanyero / Woodfordia fruticosa

curcas Adhatoda vasica Syzygium cuminii

Ank l l i g a n t e u m I Grass ~ o c a l Name ( Botanical Name Phurke 1 Arunduella nepalensis Amliso h l Sito 7 Babivo I Eulalio~sis binata

I Salimo Khar ( Chrysopogon gryllus

4. Proposed Plant Species for Bio-engineering Works

Trees I shrubs, suitable for bio-engineering works, are outlined in Table 2.

Table 2. Tree/Shmbs suitable for bio-engineerng works I Local Name 1 Botanical Name 1 Areri

- -

Ank Bakeno Koiralo IVibharo Ficus auriculata , Asuro Adhatoda vasica

Paiyun Kettu ke

Prunus cerasoides Agave americana

Grass ) Local Name ) Botanical Name

I Phurke I Arunduella nepalensis 1 Thysanolaena maxima 1 Nevraudia arundinacea

5. Methodology of Bio-Engineering Applications

I

Babiyo 1

Execution of bio-engineering application for the proposed works shall be carried out based upon the standard bio-engineering specification prepared by GEU (currently renamed to GESU) of DoR and engineer's instructions.

Salimo Khar

6. Methods of Bio-Engineering Applications

Chrysopogon gryllus

a) Slope trimming for bio-engineering works: Slope surface must be trimmed to a straight angle in line with drawing and instruction of concerned engineer. Straight profile shall be obtained as far as possible. All masses of loose debris must be removed; concavities shall be filled with well compacted materials. Convexities shall also be removed, and must ensure that the general profile does not have a shape giving over steep segments. All loose material will be removed from the slope and tipped in an approved location only.

Slope Trimming

b) Grass slip plantation: Grass to be planted shall be obtained from local nursery and also from natural source where possible. Following steps shall, however, be followed for grass plantations:

Individual grass slips must be carefully separated from the clumps to give the maximum viable planting materials.

Planting of grass slips shall be started from the top of the slope and ended towards valley side.

Using a small planting bar, a hole shall be made along the line marked by string. Separated grass slips shall be inserted into the hole with a care 'not to bend the root back to the surface'. Soil must be replaced around the roots and firmed with the fingers. Spacing of the plants within the row shall be 100mm within the row and 250 mm between the rows.

If and where the soil is dry and no rain within 16 to 24 hrs of planting, the site mu be watered with fine spray.

Grass Planting ,

c) TreelShrub plantation: I

Tree / shrub seedlings to be planted shall be obtained from project nursery. The plantations shall be undertaken as follows: Site shall be prepared to ensure that its condition site is good enough for the duccessful establishment of tender and susceptible young plants.

The spacing the plants shall be determined according to individual site conditions.

Approved species of plant shall be supplied from the nursery. Plants must be about 3100 mm in height above the soil surface with a proportionate root shoot ratio.

Planting shall be started at the top of the slope and ending at the valley side. I

I

Pit must be prepared 300 mm x 300 mm in size and seedlings shall be planted, bacGfilled and compacted with feet.

Tree/Shrub Planting

d) Brush layering: Materials for brush layering shall be obtained directly from sources - local nursery or natural site. Brush layer materials (hard wood cuttings) shall be obtained directly from the local nursery if established and produced.

Starting from the top of the area to be treated exact, lines shall be marked out and end at valleyside.

After the line marking is completed, starting at the bottom of slope a back slope terrace (1:lO) of approximately 300mm width x 100mm inner depth and 300-400mm outer depth will be excavated along a lines.

Cutting shall be placed into the terrace at 50mm centre and two thirds of its length must be buried into soil.

Brush Layering

e) Tree 1 Shrub Seeding Tree 1 Shrub seeds are sown so as to give coverage of one plant every 250mm centre to centre distance.

Prior to seed sowing, all loose debris must be cleared off from the slope.

Starting from the top of the slope and moving downwards, a hole little bigger than seed shall be made with planting bar.

Seed shall be put into holes (2 nos. seeds per drill) and covered with soil.

CL I I I I I I

Seed I

I I I , I

9 Direct Broadcasting of Grass Seeds. Tree Shrubs Seeding

5

Surface to be seeded must be scarified using a gardener's fork.

Starting from the top, grass seed shall be broadcasted liberally over the slope @ 25 gm/m2.

Grass Seeding Well Crowing Grass Seed

g) Fascines: Material for fascines (hardwood cuttings) shall be obtained directly from the source - local nursery or natural site.

Starting from the bottom of the area to be treated, exact line should be marked out.

Starting from the bottom, trenches approximately 200 mm in depth should be excadted along the lines.

Cuttings should then be laid along each trench, so that they lie horizontally along tbe trench. There should normally be 'eight cuttings' together. They must also be overlapped so that no two ends coincide. Cuttings must then be tied using jute string at 500 mm intervals to formia bundle. As the fascine is created, it thereby forms a continuous bundle along the trench.

Trench should then be backfilled and gently compacted. The top of the fascine should be 50 to 100 mm below the surface. Any loose or excess material is cleared down the slope before the next fascine is laid.

Laying of fascines .-.

h) Bamboo plantation: Cross Section Bamboo to be planted shall be obtained from the sources - local farmers.

Suitable individual clump near the edge of the parent clump must be selected, separated and dug out with rhizome carefully. Clump must be cut off 2 m above ground level (at the most).

Rhizome must be wrapped with damp hessian and transported to site.

Large hole i.e. 5 times the size of rhizome, must be dug and planted right angle to the slope. Hole must be backfilled and compacted well.

7. Nursery Establishment

The bioengineering works requires big number of grass slips, shrub and trees. So it is needed to establish separate nursery in the project site itself to meet the demand. The proper location for the nursery shall be established in consultation with engineer for the following reasons:

To produce required quantities of grass slips, shrub and trees in healthy condition. To make available in the right time.

It is unlikely to receive required quantities from other sources.

Nursery site selection is the key point in the success of the plantation project. Hence, the contractor shall consider the following main factors as mentioned below:

Wherever possible, nursery shall be established on the road alignment areas.

Nursery site shall be selected in such areas where there is a reliable and adequate supply of water, which remains constant thought the year.

Nursery shall be all weather vehicular access.

Nursery shall have a perimeter of stock proof fencing, effective against all domestic animals. Nursery shall have a weather and pest proof office cum seed store and proper storage facilities for seed. Seed must be kept cool, dry and in sealed containers, as specified in clause 2801 and 2802 of Geo environment Unit of DoR.

Nursery must be provided with at least two above ground compost bays, built of stone, brick or timber. These shall be used on an alternative basis to ensure a continual supply of compost.

Where a nursery is established an a slope exceeding 2' the ground shall be leveled by terracing before beds are constructed.

8. Nursery operation and Management:

The project shall operate the nursery according to high standard. The nursery is to be staffed well tended at all times. It would be maintained in a clean, tidy and efficient manner at all times. Plants shall always be healthy and vigorous.

Plants must be kept properly weeded at all times.

Watering, as required for good plant growth, must be carried out regularly in the cool of the evening between the sunset and dusk. The contractor shall ensure that the soil in all beds is kept moist but not saturated at all times. Beds must kept moist even when empty, so that the soil is kept in good condition.

The timing of all nursery operations is of the utmost importance. Activities such as seed sowing and taking of cutting must be carried out within the critical few weeks when they will yield the desired results. Most other operations, such as spacing out, root pruning and watering must also be carried out in timely manner.

The purpose of nursery is to supply good quality, healthy plants of the correct type of species, at the precise time they are required, and at a reasonable cost.

Appendix 3: Rate Analysis

Rate Analysis for Bio-Engineering Works

27(2)(a) Collection of grass clumps (e. g. arnliso,Kans, Khar, Phurke, salimo, Babiyo etc.) from sources within 1 km of road.

Unit: 1000 Nos

S.N.~ Description 1 Unit 1 Quantity I Rate(Nrs) l ~ m o u n t ( ~ r s ) \ Remarks,

27(8)(f) Planting rooted grass slips on slopes 45'- 60°including preparation of slips on site. Operation includes digging planting hole to a maximum of 5 cm depth with metal rod or hard wood peg, depending on nature of soil. The planting drills should be

1

2

3

-. ,_)\_, _ _ . -- "' r-'Jr-'-( ' " ' -...- ' I

shades. Bed is 100 cm wide x 15 cm high, with 5 cm layer of gravelplaced above the compacted ground.

ITotal direct cost I I 3141.351 1 Sqm of bed stand 128 Nos of 4" x 7" polypots.

Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 5.46

Labour

a) Unskilled Material

a) hessian jute Tools & plants(3% of labour cost)

Total direct cost

PD

S w "

1.50

5.00

165.00

20.00

247.50

100.00

7.43

354.93

27(4)(b) Preparing potting mix and filling polypots, including all materials for container seedings.( Note: 1 kg of 200 gauge polypots (4" x 7" laid flat)=464 bags.

Unit:1000 Nos.

a) Polypot b) Sand c)Soil


S.N. 1

2

( 3

27(4)(c) Direct sowing of treelshrub seeds into polypots including seed treatement, by sowing one seed in half the pots and two seeds in the other half.

Description Labour a) Unskilled Material

NOS. Cum Cum

Unit:1000 Nos.

Unit

PD

d) compost Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) Total direct cost

Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 0.33 Total production cost of seeding per nos.=27(3)(b)+27(4)(b)+27(4)(c) =Nrs 8.60

Quantity

10.00

Rate(Nrs)

165.00

1050.00 0.46 0.70

Cum

Rate per nos. of seedling =Nrs 19.85

Amount(Nrs)

1650.00

0.27 1235.00 300.00

27(9)(c) Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, transplanting, composting

and mulching, on slopes 30'- 45' Pit size 30 cm diameter x 30 cm depth. Mix compost with soil and backfill into pit, to 114 of pit volume.

Unit:lO Nos.

Remarks

N rs

0.23

283.50 568.10 21 0.00

1251464=0.27

1.3 mdlcum, 214.50

Amount(Nrs)

66.00

86.00 10.73

7.92 1.98

172.63 25.89

198.52

Unit

PD

Nos. Cum Cum

Remarks

Ref: 27(3)(b) +27(4)(b)+ 27(4) 0

1.2 md/Cum

S.N. 1

2

3

Quantity

0.40

10.00 0.05 0.04

49.34 49.50

281 0.44

Add 15% overhead and profit Total cost


a) Seedlings b) Compost c) Green mulch Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) Total direct cost

Rate(Nrs)

165.00

8.60 214.50 198.00

ref:27(6)(b+c)

27(10)(a) Collection of hardwood cutting for planting material (eg. Assuro, namdiphul, simali etc. or appropriate for the area) from sources within 1 km of road. Material to be approx 1 m in length and minimum 5 cm in diameter.

Unit: 1000 Nos

27(10)(b) Preparation and planting of live cuttings of selected species (e.g. Assuro, bains, kandaful, saruwa, simali or approppriate for the area) of minimum 1 m length to 0.5 m into hard ground.Pegs spaced at 5 cm center within the row and interwoven wi

27(7)(a) Broadcasting grass seeds on slopes <40°, seeding rate 25 gmlm2. I

Unit: 100 ~ a l m

27(7)(d) Sowing shrub or tree seeds on all slopes at 25 cm intervals, including diging planting holes to cm depth and covering with soil. Two seeds per planting holes.

I

27(10)(d) Site preparation for fascine laying: earthwork work in excavation of trench to 20 cm depth.

Unit: I m.

1s.N.I Description 1 Unit 1 Quantity [ Rate(Nrs) ]~mount(Nrs)I Remarks I

27(1 O)(e) Laying of live fascines, using live hardwood cuttings of selected species (eg. Assuro, namdi phul, simali etc. or appropriate for the area) of minimum 1 m length, placed in bundles to give 8 running meters of cuttings per meter of fascines, incl

Unit: I m

Ratelm.=27(1 O)(d)+27(1 O)(e)=Nrs 44.75

1

2

3

24.Supply and planting of large bamboo in gully or landslide(traditiona1 planting) having sufficient rhizome and atleast 2 m of culm above ground.

Unit: I m (s.N.( Description ( Unit ( Quantity ( Rate(Nrs) ( ~ m o u n t ( ~ r s ) ( Remarks 1

Labour a) Unskilled

Material

Tools & plants(3% of labour cost)

Total direct cost

PD

2

3

5(a) Slope preparation for bio engineering works in soft debris soil and disposal of material to the approved locations(average depth 15cm)

Unit: Sam

-

0.06

a) Unskilled

Material

a) Large bamboo


Total direct cost Add 15% overhead and profit

Total cost

165.00

PD

Nos

S.N. 1

9.90

0.30

10.20

1 10.20

16.53

126.73

Amount(Nrs)

17.33

17.33

0.06

1 .OO

conservation, clause 24.

Remarks

0.1 5*0.7= 0.105 PD

Add 15% overhead and profit Total cost

2.60

19.92

Description Labour

a) Unskilled Total direct cost

165.00

100.00

Quantity

0.1 1

Unit

PD

Rate(Nrs)

165.00

9.90

I OO.OO

0.30

Ref: Rate analysis norms of ministry of forest and soil

ANN EX-A

Rate Analysis for Bio-Engineering Works

27(8)(f) Planting rooted grass slips on slopes 45'- 60°including preparation of slips on site. Operation includes digging planting hole to a maximum of 5 cm depth with metal rod or hard wood peg, depending on nature of so~l. The planting drills should be spaced 100 mm within the row and 250 mm between the row.

Unit: 1 Sam

27(2)(a) Collection of grass clumps (e. g. amliso,Kans, Khar, Phurke, salimo, Babiyo etc.) from sources within 1 km of road.

Unit: 1000 Nos

S.N. 1

a) grass slips Nos 40.00

b l hessian iute sam 0.1 1

Rate(Nrs)

165.00

20.00

S.N.

1

2

3

Description Unit Quantity

Labour

2

Unit

PD

sqm

Description

Labour a) Unskilled

Material

a) hessian jute Tools & plants(3% of labour cost)

Total direct cost

a) Unskilled PD 0.12 Material

Add 15% overhead & profit Total cost

Quantity

1.50

5.00

Amount(Nrs)

247.50

100.00

7.43

354.93

3

Remarks

I

I

Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) Total direct cost

ANN EX-A

27(3)(b) Construction of standout beds for tree seedlings in polypots, including material for beds and shades. Bed is 100 cm wide x 15 cm high, with 5 cm layer of gravelplaced above the compacted ground.

Unit: 5 Sqm


27(4)(b) Preparing potting mix and filling polypots, including all materials for container seedings.( Note: 1 kg of 200 gauge polypots (4" x 7" laid flat)=464 bags.

Unit:l000 Nos.

27(4)(c) Direct sowing of treelshrub seeds into polypots including seed treatement, by sowing one seed in half the pots and two seeds in the other half.

Unit:1000 Nos.

S.N. 'I

2

3

Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 0.33 Total production cost of seeding per nos.=27(3)(b)+27(4)(b)+27(4)(c) =Nrs 8.46

1 Sqm of bed stand 128 Nos of 4" x 7" polypots. Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 5.32

Description Labour a) Unskilled Material a) Bam boo b) Boulders c) Line string d) Binding wire e) Gravel Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) Total direct cost

Unit

PD

Nos. cum m

Kg Cum

Rate(Nrs)

165.00

0.27 1235.00

300.00

21 4.50

S.N. 1

2

3

Quantity

6.00

15.00 0.13

13.00 3.00 0.25

Rate(Nrs)

165.00

-100.00 573.83 I .OO

75.00 902.63

Unit

PD

Nos. Cum Cum

Cum


a) Polypot b) Sand c)Soil

d) Compost Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) Total direct cost

Quantity

10.00

1050.00 0.46 0.70

0.23

Amount(Nrs)

1650.00

283.50 568.10 2 10.00

49.34 49.50

2810.44

Amount(Nrs)

990.00

I 500.00 74.60 13.00

225.00 225.66 29.70

3057.96

Remarks

N rs 1251464=0.27

1.3 mdlcum, ref:27(6)(b+c)

Remarks

ANN EX-A 27(9)(c) Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, transplanting, composting and mulching, on slopes 30'- 45'. Pit size 30 cm diameter x 30 cm depth. Mix compost with soil and backfill into pit, to 114 of pit volume.

Unit:lO Nos.

Rate per nos. of seedling =Nrs 19.69

27(10)(a) Collection of hardwood cutting for planting material (eg. Assuro, namdiphul, simali etd. or appropriate for the area) from sources within 1 km of road. Material to be approx 1 m in length dnd minimum 5 cm in diameter.

Unit:, 1000 Nos [s.N.~ Descri~tion 1 Unit 1 Quantitv 1 RatelNrs) ~Amount(Nrs~~ ~bmarks 1

1

2 3

Labour a) Unskilled Material

27(10)(b) Preparation and planting of live cuttings of selected species (e.g. Assuro, bains, kandgful, saruwa, simali or approppriate for the area) of minimum 1 m length to 0.5 m into hard ground.Pdgs spaced at 5 cm center within the row and interwoven with vegetation. i.e Brush Layering

Unit: 1 M.

Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) Total direct cost

PD

I

4.21 ( I

144.461 I

S.N. 1

2

3

Ratelm.=Nrs 36.55

Unit

PD

Nos

Description Labour a) Unskilled

Material

a) Live pegs


Total direct cost

Add 15% overhead and profit

Total cost

0.85

Quantity

0.1 7

20.00

. ,

165.00

Rate(Nrs)

165.00

0.14

, r

140.25

, ' I

Amount(Nrs)

28.05

2.89

0.84

31.78

4.77

36.55

Rdmarks I

I l

~ef:2/7(1 O)(a)

I I I

I

Ah1 N EX-A

27(7)(a) Broadcasting grass seeds on slopes <40°, seeding rate 25 gm/rn2. Unit: 100 Sam

s.N.] Description 1 l~abour

Unit

--- 28.05

2

a) Seeds

Total direct cost

27(7)(d) Sowing shrub or tree seeds on all slopes at 25 cm intervals, including diging planting holes to 5 cm depth and covering with soil. Two seeds per planting holes.

Unit: I 00 Sam


Total cost

Quantity

a) Unskilled

Material

kg

1 16.71

894.76

27(10)(d) Site preparation for fascine laying: earthwork work in excavation of trench to 20 cm depth. Unit: I m.

-

S.N. 1

2

Rate(Nrs)

PD

2.50

Ratel Sqm.=Nrs 7.42

Amount(Nrs)

0.17

300.00

Description Labour

a) Unskilled

Material

a) Seeds

Total direct cost


Total cost

Remarks

165.00

750.00

778.05

Quantity

1 .OO

3200.00

Unit

PD

Nos

Remarks - Rate(Nrs)

165.00

0.15

Amount(Nrs)

165.00

480.00

645.00

96.75

741.75

ANN EX-A

27(1 O)(e) Laying of live fascines, using live hardwood cuttings of selected species (eg. Assuro, namdi phul, simali etc. or appropriate for the area) of minimum 1 m length, placed in bundles to give 8 running meters of cuttings per meter of fascines, including backfilling of trench and careful compaction.

Unit: I m

2 Material

a) Hardwood cuttinas

3 Tools & plants(3% of labour cost)

Total direct cost


Total cost

Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) Remarks

Nos 8.00 0.14 1 .I 6 Ref:27(1 O)(a)

0.84

30.05

24.Supply and planting of large bamboo in gully or landslide(traditiona1 planting) having sufficient rhizome and atleast 2 m of culm above ground. I

Unit1: I m

S.N.~ Description I Unit 1 Quantity I Rate(Nrs) ( ~ m o u n t ( ~ r s ) ( qemarks

2

3

5(a) Slope preparation for bio engineering works in soft debris soil and disposal of material to ttie

Total direct cost


Total cost

approved locations(average depth 15cm)

a) Unskilled

Material

a) Large bamboo


1 10.20

16.53

126.73

PD

Nos

con$ervation, claube 24.

Unit! Sqm

0.06

1 .OO

S.N.

1

Rate1 Sqm.=Nrs 19.92

Unit

PD

Description

Labour

a) Unskilled

Total direct cost


Total cost

165.00

100.00

2.60

19.92

Quantity

0.1 1

9.90

OO.OO

0.30

Ref: Rate anaiysis norrps of ministry of forekt and soil

Rate(Nrs)

165.00

Amount(Nrs)

17.33

17.33

Gemarks

0.1 51*0.7= 0.106 PD

I

ANNEX-A

Appendix 4: Formats

Rock Extraction Sites

Date of Closing Chainage Site Description Extraction Method

(e.g. Chiseling, Heating1 Cooling, Blasting)

Burrow Pits Extraction Sites

Chainage Date of Closing Site Description

- -

Extraction Method (e.g. Chiseling, Heating1 Cooling, Blasting)