Sit in your group location today! TODAY: TEST #2

Tuesday Oct 5th

Plus, with Question #10 we’ll begin our CLASS BRISTLECONE PINE TREE-RING PROJECT(to collect and analyze data for Assignment I-3)

The MIDTERM EXAM is next week:Thursday Oct 14th

The Midterm STUDY GUIDE will be posted tonight.

Grading is STILL IN PROGRESS for I-1 & I-2Thank you for your patience!

IMPORTANT UPCOMING CLASSES:TUESDAY

Oct 5

TEST #2

THURSDAYOct 7

Group Tree-Ring Activity for I-3: Day 1

TUESDAYOct 12

Group Tree-Ring Activity for I-3: Day 2

+ Midterm Exam Mini-Review & Practice

THURSDAYOct 14

MIDTERM EXAM

TUESDAYOct 19

Topic #10 & G-3Group Assignment

THURSDAYOct 21

Topic #11RQ-5 due

NOTE: If you miss a Group Activity – you will need to make it up by going to a TA office hour -- plus, YOUR GROUP NEEDS YOU!

This week only:

My Oct 6th Wed afternoon 2 – 3 pm office hour is cancelled this week due to an unavoidable conflict – please email me to set up an appointment at another time if you need to see me this week.

TA’s will hold theiroffice hours as usual!

http://fp.arizona.edu/kkh/nats101gc/teachingteam.htm

Review of: INDIVIDUAL TEST PROCESS

Complete silence is needed in the classroom during the INDIVIDUAL TEST.

You should be sitting in the general area of your Group Location and already have an ANSWER FORM -- put your NAME & GROUP # on it NOW if you haven’t yet done so.

When everyone is ready, Dr H & TA’s will pass out the TEST QUESTION SHEET to each student.

Extra forms will be collected – raise your hand if we miscounted so we can collect the extras.

INDIVIDUAL TEST ANSWER FORM

Be sure to enter yourNAME & GROUP #

on BOTH the TEST QUESTION SHEET & THE

ANSWER FORM

Also enter the TEST #

Today’s Test is #2

When you have completed your test and filled in the answer form, double check to be sure your NAME & GROUP # are on BOTH the TEST QUESTION SHEET & ANSWER FORMS.

Place the ANSWER FORM (with your name showing) inside your FOLDED TEST QUESTION SHEET as directed to hide your answers, raise your hand & a TA will collect the test items from you

It’s EXTREMELY IMPORTANT to maintain the classroom SILENCE while others are finishing their tests. You WILL disturb your fellow students still taking the test if there is any talking whatsoever!

INDIVIDUAL TEST PROCESS (cont.)

Nam

e: S

tan

St

Stu

den

t

Gro

up #

0When you are done, fold the TEST QUESTION SHEET in half and place your ANSWER FORM inside with only your NAME & GROUP # showing at the top .

Then raise your hand. Someone will pick it up from you.

PLEASE PROTECT THE INTEGRITY OF YOUR ANSWER FORM & KEEP YOUR ANSWERS COVERED!

Answer Form

TODAY’S SPECIAL PROCEDURES:

After all individual tests are collected, QUESTION #10 will be explained by Dr H,

THEN you will get into your groups to do the GROUP TEST, followed by QUESTION #10:

(a) Your Individual Skeleton Plot (b) Your Group’s Pattern Matching

While waiting for others to finish, you may do the following IN SILENCE:

(1) Snooze, daydream, think deeply about GLOBAL CHANGE . . . or plan your weekend

(2)Read the Wildcat – allowed on Test Days only! Or work on materials from ANOTHER CLASS (not ours)

(3) Absolutely no NATS 101–GC CLASS NOTES or laptops out

(4) Absolutely NO PHONES OUT OR TEXTING – we will confiscate them until after class.

(5) THIS IS A TEST! NO leaving the classroom while it is going on – even after you finish your own test! (Wait until group time if you absolutely have to go! If you are feeling ill and it is an emergency -- come down to front of classroom and ask permission)

OK . . . . Now that we’ve got THAT taken care of . . .

Take a deep breath,Get into THINKING DEEPLY mode . . .

And do a GREAT JOB!!!!

Nam

e: S

tan

St

Stu

den

t

Gro

up #

0When you are done, fold the TEST QUESTION SHEET in half and place your ANSWER FORM inside with only your NAME & GROUP # showing at the top .

Then raise your hand. Someone will pick it up from you.

PLEASE PROTECT THE INTEGRITY OF YOUR ANSWER FORM & KEEP YOUR ANSWERS COVERED!

Answer Form

REMINDER . . . .

THE NATS 101-GC TREE-RING

EXTRAVAGANZA!!

Part 1

And now the . . . . .

QUESTION #10

Question #10 will get you started on:

Assignment I-3(the in-class part)

The Bristlecone Pine (BCP) Activity

TODAY:Skeleton Plotting your own

core by hand, then

Pattern-Matching with the other students in your group to make a Site Composite, then

Crossdating with the Master Skeleton Plot (assigning Calendar dates to your own plot)

Your “paper” cores are from

real BRISTLECONE

PINE SITES

(you’ll learn more about them on

Thursday)

Upper forest border

5 SITES IN WESTERN U.S.

All are Bristlecone Pine sites

Map is onp 135 in

Class Notes

SITE NAME (abrev) CORE ID

Sheep Mt (SHP) CCampito Mt (CAM) DMethuselah Walk B

(MWK)Almagre Mt (ALM) EHermit Lake (HER) A

SKELETON PLOTTING YOUR OWN CORE

Cartoon Cores from Assignment I-2:

PROJECT’S PAPER CORES:

PROJECT’S PAPER CORES:

Frost ring = marked by xxxxx

Earlywood & latewood NOT shown

INSTEAD: each narrow ring you should plot is colored in for you (yay!)

REMEMBER: be sure to draw your longest lines for the most narrow rings!

WHAT ARE FROST RINGS?

Produced by a severe freeze occurring DURING the tree’s growing season

Permanent wood damage in cells, due to freezing & expansion of intercelluar water, can be useful for pattern matching & crossdating!

SETTING UP YOUR SKELETON PLOT GRAPH PAPER:

Core ID #Your NAME

Starting Flag for Ring 0 (first ring)

Ending Flag for LAST complete (not jagged) RING in core -- plot arrow when finished, not all cores have 60 rings

LABEL intervals of 10

F R

FROST RING

Important: USE A PENCIL not a pen!

Note: be sure to plot your lines so that they reach the bottom edge of the paper!

Pattern Matching

Pattern Matching

Student A’s plot

A-1

Student B’s plot

Making a Site Composite

SITE COMPOSITE = all individual plots from your site pattern-matched & taped together

Crossdating with the Master

Goal: To assign calendar dates to each of the skeleton plots in your group!

Your 2 pts for yourINDIVIDUAL GRADE for Question #10 are based on:

-- a correct skeleton plot

-- correct dates assigned to your skeleton plot

Site Skeleton Plot Masters(with dates marked & narrowest

rings shown by long lines)

Also on the Skeleton Plot Masters you will find

“FROST RING YEARS” marked!

FR = frost ring year

TODAY – QUESTION #10:

(1) Plot the skeleton plot for the core given to you. (Please DO NOT WRITE ON THE CORE ITSELF)

(2) Be sure your name & the CORE ID # is on your GRAPH PAPER when your PLOT is done.

(3) Pattern match with other students – you’ll tape together the plots into a SITE COMPOSITE when match is made

TODAY – (cont.)

(4) After the SITE COMPOSITE IS TAPED TOGETHER – Assign starting and ending CALENDAR DATES to each plot in the Composite

(5) When everyone’s plot is dated, carefully take apart the composite and LEAVE you CORE & your PLOT in your GROUP FOLDER for Question #10 validation. – (Be sure your name and Core ID is on your PLOT.

5 & 63 & 4

11 & 12

7 & 8 9 & 10

15 & 16

13 & 14

17 & 18

1 & 2

19 & 20

“Guest”GTA Erica

Bigio

GTA RebeccaFranklin

GTAElizabeth May

“Guest”GTA Ela

Czyzowska

YOUR FACILITATORSToday: Dr H

AFTER YOU ARE DONE WITH YOUR GROUP TEST . . . Get your GROUP FOLDER

Then WAIT for your Facilitator to arrive with the plotting materials….

TO SKELETON PLOT YOUR OWN CORE !!

RECAP: HOW TO SET UP YOUR SKELETON PLOT GRAPH PAPER:

Core ID #Your NAME

Starting Flag for Ring 0 (first ring)

Ending Flag for LAST complete (not jagged) RING in core -- plot arrow when finished, not all cores have 60 rings

LABEL intervals of 10

F R

FROST RING

Important: USE A PENCIL not a pen!

Note: be sure to plot your lines so that they reach the bottom edge of the paper!

Sit in your group location today! TODAY: CLASS TREE-RING PROJECT

Thursday Oct 7th

The MIDTERM EXAM is next week:Thursday Oct 14th

The Midterm STUDY GUIDE is now posted.

Directions for ASSIGNMENT I-3 are now posted.

Grading is STILL IN PROGRESS for I-1 & I-2Thank you for your patience!

IMPORTANT UPCOMING CLASSES:THURSDAY

Oct 7

Group Tree-Ring Activity for I-3: Day 1

TUESDAYOct 12

Group Tree-Ring Activity for I-3: Day 2

+ Midterm Exam Mini-Review & Practice

THURSDAYOct 14

MIDTERM EXAM

TUESDAYOct 19

Topic #10 & G-3Group Assignment

THURSDAYOct 21

Topic #11RQ-5 due

NOTE: If you miss a Group Activity – you will need to make it up by going to a TA office hour -- plus, YOUR GROUP NEEDS YOU!

THE NATS 101-GC TREE-RING

ACTIVITY(cont.)

9 & 10

17 & 18

15 & 16

1 & 2

19 & 20

7 & 85 & 63 & 4

11 & 12 13 & 14

GTAElizabeth May

GTA RebeccaFranklin

PART A: SITE DESCRIPTIONS

PART B: COLLECTING DATA & ANALYZING YOUR SITE

PART C: SITE-TO-SITE COMPARISONS

PART D: DEVELOPING & TESTING HYPOTHESES

PART A:

BRISTLECONE PINE SITE

DESCRIPTIONS

To fill in Table

CLASS NOTES pp135 - 136

OBSERVATION TABLE (p 136 of Class Notes)

p 136

Upper forest border

5 SITES IN WESTERN U.S.

All are Bristlecone Pine sites

Map onp 135

SITE NAME (abrev) CORE ID

Sheep Mt (SHP) CCampito Mt (CAM) DMethuselah Walk B

(MWK)Almagre Mt (ALM) EHermit Lake (HER) A

Upper & Lower Forest

Border:

Temperature-sensitive and Precipitation-

sensitive Trees

Take notesp 136 Table

SITE 1 (SHP) SHEEP MT, Inyo Range, California

• In the White Mountains near Bishop, California

• Elevation - 3475 meters (~11,500 ft)

• Rock type - dolomiteUpper forest border

seep 136 Table

SHEEP MT

SHEEP MT

SITE 2 (CAM) CAMPITO Mt

• White Mts. Near Bishop California

• Elevation - 3400 meters (~11,000 ft)

• Rock type - sandstone

Upper forest border

seep 136 Table

CAMPITO MT

CAMPITO MT

SITE 3 (MWK) METHUSELAH WALK

• In White Mts near Bishop California

• Elevation - 2805 meters (~ 9200 ft)

• Rock type - Dolomite

Upper forest border

seep 136 Table

METHUSELAH WALK

METHUSELAH WALK

SITE 4 (ALM) Almagre Mt

• located in the Front Range of the Colorado Rockies

• Elevation - 3536 meters (~11,600 ft)

• Rock type - graniteUpper forest border

seep 136 Table

ALMAGRE MT

ALMAGRE MT

SITE 5 (HER) HERMIT LAKE

• located in the Front Range of the Colorado Rockies

• Elevation – 3657 meters(~ 12,000 ft)

• Rock type - sandstone

Upper forest border

seep 136 Table

HERMIT LAKE

HERMIT LAKE

PART B

COLLECT DATA: (from BCP cores) by plotting skeleton plots, pattern matching, & crossdating

ANALYZE DATA: (for your site)By carefully examining core data, skeleton plots, masters, and tree-ring index plots.

Go to: WORKSHEET PART B ( p137)

For analyzing & answering questions about possible causes for variations in the BCP ring widths – you’ll need to know the following:

• Possible causes for FROST RINGS in BCP

• What the graph of global Northern Hemisphere temperature variations looks like

• What else might enhance growth in trees

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT FROST RINGS:

Produced by a severe freeze occurring DURING the tree’s growing season :

2 nights < - 5o C intervening day 0o C

Growing season for high elevation bristlecone pines = June – Aug, continues into September during cooler years (growth is slower during cool summers) and makes them more susceptible to an early frost

Have been linked to global cooling after major volcanic eruptions !!

Volcanic aerosols in stratosphere from sulfur dioxide gases in eruption can REFLECT back incoming solar radiation global cooling

Graph is onp 72 in Class Notes

SOME MAJOR VOLCANIC ERUPTIONSOF THE PAST 250 YEARS:

Laki (Iceland) 1783

El Chichon? (Mexico)1809

Tambora (Indonesia)1815

Cosiguina (Nicaragua) 1835

Krakatau (Indonesia)1883

Agung (Indonesia) 1963

El Chichon (Mexico) 1982

Mt Pinatubo (Philippines) 1991

Global cooling can occur for up to 3 years after the eruption!

PAST NORTHERN

HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURE

VARIATIONS

Graph is on p 78 in CLASS NOTES & in color on p 47 of Dire Predictions

THE ROLE OF CO2 & TREE GROWTH!

See top of p 76 in Class Notes