Sistem Jaringan dan Komunikasi Data #13 Internet, Intranet, dan Ekstranet

Sistem Jaringan dan Komunikasi Data#13Internet, Intranet, dan Ekstranet

Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

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Principles and Learning Objectives

The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others that are still evolving, and still others that will fade away from lack of use Briefly describe how the Internet works,

including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers


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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a hyperlink-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications Describe the World Wide Web and how it

works Explain the use of Web browsers, search

engines, and other Web tools Identify and briefly describe the applications

associated with the Internet and the Web


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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web

is becoming universal in the business environment, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved Identify who is using the Web to conduct business

and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web commerce

Outline a process for creating Web content


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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world

Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them

Identify several issues associated with the use of networks


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Use and Functioning of the Internet

ARPANET Ancestor of the Internet Project started by the U.S. Department of

Defense (DoD) in 1969


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How the Internet Works

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Transport-layer protocol that most

Internet applications use with IP Backbone

One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance communications links

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) An assigned address on the Internet for

each computer


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How the Internet Works (continued)

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Responsible for managing IP addresses

and Internet domain names Has authority to resolve domain name

disputes Cyber-squatters

Register domain names in the hope of selling them to corporations or people



Accessing the Internet Connect via LAN Server Connect via Dial-up Connect via High-Speed Service Connect Wirelessly




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Internet Service Providers

Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet

Most charge a monthly fee


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The World Wide Web

Collection of tens of millions of server computers that work together as one in an Internet

Hyperlink Highlighted text or graphics in a Web

document that, when clicked, opens a new Web page

Web browser Web client software such as Internet Explorer,

Firefox, and Safari used to view Web pages


The World Wide Web (continued)


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The World Wide Web (continued)

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Standard page description language for Web

pages HTML tags

Let the browser know how to format text Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Markup language for Web documents containing structured information

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) File or portion of an HTML file that defines the

visual appearance of content in a Web page


Web 2.0 and the Social Web

Web 2.0 The Web as a computing platform that

supports software applications and the sharing of information

Rich Internet application Software that has the functionality and

complexity of traditional application software, but runs in a Web browser and does not require local installation


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Web Programming Languages

Java Object-oriented programming language

from Sun Microsystems based on C++ Allows small programs (applets) to be

embedded within an HTML document Other languages

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight

Developing Web Content

Popular tools for creating Web pages and managing Web sites: Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft

Expression Web, and Nvu Popular publishing options:

ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting Mash-up

Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into one song


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Web Services

Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites

XML The key to Web services


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Web Services (continued)

Other components used in Web service applications: SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) WSDL (Web Services Description

Language) UDDI (Universal Discovery Description

and Integration)


Internet and Web Applications

Search engines and Web research Search engines

Have become important to businesses as a tool to drive visitors to the business’ Web site

SEO has become a valuable marketing tool


Search Engines and Web Research


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Business Uses of the Web

Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association Established in 1991 Allows businesses to connect to the

Internet


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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat

E-mail No longer limited to simple text messages Can embed sound and images Can attach files

Instant messaging Online, real-time communication between

two or more people who are connected to the Internet


E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat (continued)

Career Information and Job Searching

Search engines Good starting point for searching for

specific companies or industries Job sites

www.directmarketingcareers.com www.monster.com www.hotjobs.com www.careerbuilder.com


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Telnet, SSH, and FTP

Telnet Network protocol that enables users to log

on to networks remotely over the Internet Secure Shell (SSH)

Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure connection

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Supports file transfers between a host and

a remote computer


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Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting

Web log (blog) Web site that people create and use to

write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics

Podcast Audio broadcast over the Internet An audio blog


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Usenet and Newsgroups

Usenet Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news

service Topic are called newsgroups Protocol that describes how groups of

messages can be stored on and sent between computers



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Chat Rooms

Enable two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Requires participants to type their

conversation rather than speak


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Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services

Internet phone service Relatively inexpensive, especially for

international calls Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology

Network managers can route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data

Internet videoconferencing Supports both voice and visual

communications

Social Networks

Facebook Provides an application development platform

so that technically proficient members can create applications to run within Facebook

The U.S. intelligence community Is adopting social networking to share

information among operatives and analysts Twitter

Allows members to report on what they are doing throughout the day



Media Sharing

YouTube Allows members to post homemade video

content Flickr

Allows members to upload photos to their own personal online photo album and choose photos to share with the community


Social Bookmarking

Purpose To provide a view of the most popular

Web sites, videos, blog articles, or other Web content at any given moment

Popular social bookmarking sites del.icio.us Digg


Content Streaming

Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet

Enables users to browse large files in real time


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Shopping on the Web

Amazon Shorts Has stories that vary in length from 2,000

to 10,000 words Bot (intelligent agent)

Software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices


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Web Auctions

Web auction A way to connect buyers and sellers

eBay Popular auction site Easy to use and includes thousands of

products and services in many categories Auction sites

Cannot always determine whether the people and companies listing products and services are legitimate


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Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet

Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet

Video and TV are also becoming available

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol Used to put TV programming on the

Internet


E-Books and Audio Books

Digital books, both in text and audio form Are growing in popularity thanks to

appealing devices and services Audio books

Have become more popular due to the popularity of the iPod and services like audible.com


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Office on the Web

Internet office Web site that contains files, phone

numbers, e-mail addresses, an appointment calendar, and more

Allows your desktop computer, phone books, appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are


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Other Internet Services and Applications

Internet Can provide critical information during

times of disaster Can be used to translate words,

sentences, or complete documents from one language into another

Facilitates distance learning, which has dramatically increased in the last several years

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PartnerOur Company

IntranetExtranet

Internet


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Intranets and Extranets

Intranet Internal corporate network built using Internet

and World Wide Web standards and technologies Extranet

Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners

Virtual private network (VPN) Secure connection between two points on the

Internet


Intranets and Extranets (continued)

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What is an Extranet? An extranet is a private network that uses

Internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses.

An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's Intranet that is extended to users outside the company.

The same benefits that Web technologies have brought to corporate Intranets are now starting to accelerate business between businesses.

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More on Extranets Extranets can be used to exchange large

volumes of data, share product catalogues, share news with trading partners, collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts, jointly develop and share training programs with other companies, provide or access applications between companies, and much more.

It may sound like a technology for geeks only. But many people use extranets every day without realizing it--to track packaged goods, order products from their suppliers or access customer assistance from other companies.

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Log on to the FedEx site to check the status of that package you sent this morning, for example, and you've just used an extranet in one of its simplest forms.

An extranet is a mechanism based on Internet and Web technology for communicating both privately and selectively with your customers and business partners.

More on Extranets

48Differences between an Extranet, an Intranet and the Internet?

First there was the Internet, which is available for everyone to use. Then businesses got smart and started developing their own intranets that used the same friendly Web interface but put up firewalls so that only employees could see the information on the site. Finally, the intranet was created.

It finds itself somewhere in between—there's still a firewall, but you allow only selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, inside.

49Why would you use Extranets?

When done correctly, extranets provide a safe way to allow transactional business-to-business activities and can save your company some serious time and money.

The automotive industry uses extranets to cut down on its redundant ordering processes and keep suppliers up to date on parts and design changes, allowing quicker response times to suppliers' problems and questions.

Suppliers can receive proposals, submit bids, provide documents, even collect payments through an extranet site.

An extranet has restricted (password-protected) access, so it may be connected directly to each party's internal systems.

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Does every Company Need one? Many view extranets as the next era in Web

development. While other business-to-business communications,

such as electronic data interchange (EDI), are out there, an extranet is more user-friendly because of its Web interface and allows for less regimented and more ad-hoc inquiries.

Before a company can make an attempt at harnessing the capabilities and profits gained from using an extranet, a fully functioning intranet has to be in place.

In time, companies may be forced to use an extranet with their suppliers and customers.

Even now, some large corporations say they will not do business with companies that won't be connected to a secure extranet in the coming years.

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Disadvantages of Extranets The benefits of extranets, such as reduced

time to market and cost of doing business, and faster access to partner information, may be outweighed by the costs—security, Web servers and development, legacy systems integration, ongoing support and maintenance.

Extranets require a large amount of IS time and energy, much more than what it takes to get an intranet or Web site up and running, which may place it at the bottom of the IS group's to-do list.


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Net Issues

Management issues Preventing attacks

Service and speed issues Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on

company intranets Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized

Internet sites People and companies are reluctant to

embrace the Internet unless these issues are successfully addressed

Documents

Sistem Jaringan dan Komunikasi Data #13 Internet, Intranet, dan Ekstranet