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Single Dispense Newspaper Machine
A thesis submitted to the
Faculty of the Mechanical Engineering Technology Department
of the University of Cincinnati
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science
in Mechanical Engineering Technology
at the College of Engineering and Applied Science
by
PETER TRAN
Bachelor of Science University of Cincinnati
June 2012
Faculty Advisor: Laura Caldwell
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank my friends and family for all of their help and support during this
project. Without their support, this project would not have been possible.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... II
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ III
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ IV
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... V
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ VI
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................................... 1
COMMERCIAL OPTIONS...................................................................................................... 2
MEDIA SAFE SINGLE UNIT NEWSPAPER DISPENSING DEVICE ............................................................................ 2 GLOBAL NEWS VENDING WALL MOUNTED WM-2000 ....................................................................................... 3 WURLITZER NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINE .................................................................................................... 4
CUSTOMER FEEDBACK ....................................................................................................... 5
SURVEYS ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 6 PRODUCT FEATURES AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................ 7
DISPENSING MECHANISM DESIGN .................................................................................. 9
ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS .................................................................................................................................... 9 DESIGN SELECTION .......................................................................................................................................... 12
DESIGN .................................................................................................................................. 13
PUSHER/PULLER ............................................................................................................................................... 13 FRAME DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................. 14 DISPENSING OPERATION ................................................................................................................................... 16 LOADING OPERATION ....................................................................................................................................... 19 SOLD OUT FEATURE .......................................................................................................................................... 20
FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY ...................................................................................... 22
TESTING AND PROOF OF DESIGN .................................................................................. 27
PROJECT SCHEDULE .......................................................................................................... 28
BUDGET ................................................................................................................................ 28
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................... 29
APPENDIX A - RESEARCH ................................................................................................ A1
APPENDIX B - SURVEY ...................................................................................................... B1
APPENDIX C - QFD .............................................................................................................. C1
APPENDIX D - PRODUCT OBJECTIVES ......................................................................... D1
APPENDIX E- SCHEDULE .................................................................................................. E1
iv
APPENDIX F - BUDGET ...................................................................................................... F1
APPENDIX G- CALCULATIONS ....................................................................................... G1
SPRING CALCULATION .................................................................................................................................... G1
APPENDIX H – DRAWINGS .............................................................................................. H1
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Media Safe Dispensing Device (3) .......................................................................... 2
Figure 2 - Global News Vending WM-2000 (4) ....................................................................... 3
Figure 3 – Wurlitzer Newspaper Vending Machine (5) ........................................................... 4
Figure 4 - Customer Importance and Satisfaction .................................................................... 5
Figure 5 - Pusher/Puller Concept .............................................................................................. 9
Figure 6 - Friction Material Concept ...................................................................................... 10
Figure 7 - Roller Concept ....................................................................................................... 11
Figure 9 - Pusher/Puller Bottom View.................................................................................... 13
Figure 10 - Pusher/Puller Mechanism..................................................................................... 13
Figure 8 - Pusher/Puller Side View ........................................................................................ 13
Figure 11 - Front View of Frame ............................................................................................ 14
Figure 12 - Side View of Frame ............................................................................................. 14
Figure 13 - Spring Location Side View .................................................................................. 15
Figure 14 - Spring Location Front View................................................................................. 16
Figure 15 - Dispensing Mechanism Fully Retracted .............................................................. 16
Figure 16 - Dispensing Mechanism Starting/Ending Position ................................................ 16
Figure 17 - Newspaper on Back Support ................................................................................ 17
Figure 18 - Newspaper Base Holder Rail Slide Location ....................................................... 17
Figure 19 - Rail Slide Locations for Dispensing Mechanism ................................................. 18
Figure 20 - Loading Hooks Location ...................................................................................... 19
Figure 21 - Plunger Location .................................................................................................. 20
Figure 22 - Plunger Position with Newspapers....................................................................... 20
Figure 23 - Plunger Position without Newspapers ................................................................. 21
Figure 24 - Beginning Frame Fabrication ............................................................................... 22
Figure 25 - Base Plate Holder and Back Support ................................................................... 22
Figure 26 - Dispensing Mechanism Rail Slide ....................................................................... 23
Figure 27 - Base Plate Assembly ............................................................................................ 23
Figure 28 - Spring Assembly and Loading Hooks.................................................................. 24
Figure 29 - Dispensing Mechanism Holder Assembly ........................................................... 25
Figure 30 - Newspaper Slot Assembly ................................................................................... 25
Figure 31 - Door Assembly..................................................................................................... 26
Figure 32 - Pusher/Puller Side View ...................................................................................... 26
Figure 33 - Completed Assembly ........................................................................................... 27
Figure 34 - Completed Assembly Front View ........................................................................ 27
v
LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - Short QFD 6
Table 2 - Engineering Characteristics 8
Table 3 - Concept Design Selection 12
Table 4 - Itemized Schedule 28
Table 5 - Itemized Budget 28
vi
ABSTRACT
Typical newspapers machines are based on the honor system. People are expected to
pay for one newspaper and take one newspaper out of the machine. However, this act of
“honor” does not always happen. Because all of the newspapers are exposed, there has been
abuse to the honor system. It has gotten to the point that people pay for one newspaper and
take the entire stack. As a result of the hard economic times, thousands of dollars have been
lost due to newspaper thefts. There are plenty of single dispense newspapers that have been
designed, but because of its electrical components, it has been discontinued due to the high
cost in manufacturing and production.
Designing and developing a single dispensing newspaper machine without an electrical
component will help solve this current problem. This machine will be a more viable option
to produce since it will not include any expensive electrical parts. With the use of a simple
coin slide, the customer will be able to access a newspaper with ease.
The operation of this machine is very easy to use. Simply insert the money into the coin
slide, push the slide in all the way, and pull the slide back to its original position. Once the
customer pulls the coin slide back into its starting position, one single newspaper will
dispense though a slot where the customer can easily grab the newspaper. When there are no
longer any newspapers in the machine, the customer will be unable to operate the coin slide.
If it does not slide then the machine is out of newspapers due to a straightforward sold out
feature.
This prototype machine was made entirely out of wood with the exception of specialty
and ordered parts/hardware. The concept of this design may be retro-fitted into other
newspaper machines or can be replicated with other materials other than wood. Newspapers
can be bulk loaded and can handle about 20-25 newspapers at a time. The newspaper
machine can be modified or customized to dispense other types of newspapers if needed.
The only modifications that will have to change are the springs, which index the newspapers
up, and the pusher/puller that catches the newspaper and slides it forward.
The proof of design requirements were all met and the completion of the prototype was a
success. Though there were some minor setbacks during the manufacturing process, overall
the project was on schedule and completed to its entirety.
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
Newspaper companies have always used the "honor system" when selling newspapers
from machines. The concept is that buyers will pay for and take only one newspaper. Since
the debut of "Extreme Couponing" in spring of 2010, high rates of newspaper theft have
occurred to acquire coupons. It is believed that $2,000-$3,000 have been lost to theft every
month (1). Stolen newspapers are often stolen to be resold at local stands at a higher price, or
even just the coupons itself has been stolen and not the actual newspaper, as "coupons from
the Sunday editions are in high demand." (2) Despite the reasons of why the newspapers are
stolen, "It's a crime and people will be punished if caught." (1)
The focus of this project is to design a dispensing mechanism and enclosure that will
only dispense one USA Today newspaper at one time. The biggest feature for this particular
machine is to design for ease of use and operation thus allowing anyone to be able to use this
machine despite gender or age. Single dispense system will prevent exposure of all the
newspapers within the machine, therefore resulting in the elimination of theft. The design
will prevent coin slide from accepting any more money when the machine is sold out. This
helps ensure that the customer does not throw away money into the empty machine.
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
2
COMMERCIAL OPTIONS
MEDIA SAFE SINGLE UNIT NEWSPAPER DISPENSING DEVICE
The Media Safe Dispensing Device, as seen in Figure 1, is designed to replicate the look
and function of the typical newspaper machine. This particular unit is different because it
guards the newspaper stack instead of exposing all of the newspapers, forcing the customer
to grab only one newspaper. When loading the newspaper, the newspaper is loaded one by
one into each unit shelf. The problem with this particular unit is that the loading is rather
times consuming by loading each newspaper one by one into each slot. In addition, the size
of the newspaper compartment is predetermined, therefore prohibiting flexibility of
newspaper quantities.
Figure 1 - Media Safe Dispensing Device (3)
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
3
GLOBAL NEWS VENDING WALL MOUNTED WM-2000
The WM-2000 is not the typical newspaper machine design. As seen in Figure 2, it is
wall mounted and features a unique pull arm design where a pull handle is used to dispense
one newspaper. This can cause a potential problem for shorter customers if the unit is
mounted at a higher level because the consumer will be unable to reach the pull handle.
The ability to find a wall to mount this unit can be troublesome due to the fact that
permission will be needed from the building owner. Once permission is granted, the time to
mount the unit will be inconvenient, not to mention if the unit is to be removed, more time
will be needed to disassemble the unit from the wall, and the wall itself will be unpleasing
with the holes from the mounting assembly.
Figure 2 - Global News Vending WM-2000 (4)
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
4
WURLITZER NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINE
The Wurlitzer Newspaper Vending Machine shown in Figure 3 is a large newspaper
vending machine that will vend one newspaper at a time. The Wurlitzer vending machine
requires a power source to function, resulting in limiting the unit to be placed inside or near a
building. In addition, because the unit is so large, portability is an issue if the machine were
to be moved to another location.
Figure 3 – Wurlitzer Newspaper Vending Machine (5)
The products that were research either were discontinued or required a power source.
Almost all of the units that require a power source will require expensive parts and if the
electrical system became faulty, it will be costly to replace. Based on the available products
on the market, some of the features from current products will be incorporated into the new
design of this project. By doing so, this will allow ease of use and high customer
satisfaction rates. The remaining products that have been researched can be found in
Appendix A.
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
5
CUSTOMER FEEDBACK
SURVEYS
In order to determine what customer needs were for this project, sixteen surveys were
distributed to newspaper buyers, college students, and engineers around Cincinnati, OH.
Customers were asked to rate the importance of functions and features of newspaper
machines as well as their current satisfaction based off a "five point" scale. A score of 1
would be low importance/satisfaction and a score of 5 would be high importance/satisfaction.
Below, in Figure 4, shows the differences between the customer's current satisfaction and
importance of features. Appendix B shows full survey and calculations.
Figure 4 - Customer Importance and Satisfaction
The bar graph in Figure 4 showed the highest rating of importance on ease of use and ease of
operation, followed by durability and ease of loading. With these results and evidence that
improvements need to be made, new design concepts will address these desirable features as
the voice of the customer.
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
6
CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
The data obtained from the customer survey was organized and interpreted by using the
Quality Function Deployment. For full QFD results please refer to Appendix C. The
"Designer's Multiplier" column is a multiplier chosen by the designer to increase the
customer importance reflected in the survey. The "Planned Satisfaction" column, seen in
Table 1, are the scores that the designer would like to achieve upon completion of the
product. Ideally, this column will boast higher numbers than the current customer
satisfaction due to the fact that the goal is to have the best design that will outperform the
current market product and better satisfy the consumer. These two values affect the
customer's importance values and influence the relative weight percentages.
Table 1 - Short QFD
Cust
om
er i
mport
ance
Des
igner
's M
ult
ipli
er
Curr
ent
Sat
isfa
ctio
n
Pla
nned
Sat
isfa
ctio
n
Impro
vem
ent
rati
o
Modif
ied I
mport
ance
Rel
ativ
e w
eight
%
Ease of Operation 4.9 1.00 3.1 4 1.3 6.3 16%
Ease of Use 4.9 1.00 3.6 4 1.1 5.4 13%
Ease of Loading 3.7 1.10 3.4 4 1.2 4.8 12%
Durability 4.4 1.00 4.3 4.5 1.0 4.6 11%
Secure 3.4 1.10 2.5 3 1.2 4.5 11%
Safety 3.5 1.00 3.3 4 1.2 4.2 10%
Low Cost 2.9 1.00 2.4 3 1.3 3.6 9%
Ease of
Maintenance 3.1 1.00 2.1 2.5 1.2 3.7 9%
Compact 3.2 1.00 3.3 3.5 1.1 3.4 8%
Because the main point of the project was to prevent the theft of all the newspapers, a
designer's multiplier was added to the secure portion of the features. Likewise, because the
ease of operation and use were the highest importance, adding the multiplier to the ease of
loading will alleviate any further difficulties should there be any.
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
7
PRODUCT FEATURES AND OBJECTIVES
The product features and objectives are the same items from the survey (See Appendix
B), and describe how customer features will be satisfied. The customer features were then
weighted respectfully and can be seen below from highest to lowest. The full product
objectives are located in Appendix D.
Ease of Use (13%) and Operation (16%):
1.) Pull lever similar to slot machine allowing both men and women to use.
2.) Allows access to newspaper (once dispensed) to grab and go similar to automated
lotto ticket machine.
3.) The device will display a "Sold Out" sign once all newspapers are bought
4.) Coin slot will be brightly colored to guide where money is to be inserted
Ease of Loading: 12%
1.) Door will be lowered from top to bottom and will rest at waist level.
2.) Lock will be shielded from rain, which will prevent freezing in cold conditions
3.) Lock will be located on top of back door to prevent bending over
Secure: 11%
1.) The product will only dispense one newspaper at one time
2.) The product will forbid any access to the remaining newspapers
4.) Access to money can only be obtained by the key holder
Reliability/Durability: 11%
1.) Product will be consistent with loading conditions and calculations, which will be
proven by COSMOS to show that the product will not fail
2.) The product and components will be able to operate and function at extreme climate
conditions
3.) Finish on product will allow the product to withstand corrosion
4.) The product will be able to function and operate with various loads applied to it
(leaned on, sudden impact from hit, etc)
Safety: 10%
1.) The device will not have any sharp objects or corners on the exterior
2.) The device will not have glass in the display window, rather a strong durable plastic
3.) The device will not topple over in any stage of use
Cost: 9%
1.) The unit will cost less than $1000
Ease of Maintenance: 9%
1.) Replacement parts will be easy to remove and install
2.) Replacing parts can be completed by one person
3.) Replacement parts will be easy to handle (grasp, orient, move, etc)
Size: 8%
1.) The unit design will not be larger than current newspaper machines
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
8
Engineering characteristics are considered key items by the designer, to incorporate during
the not only in the design but also the manufacturing of the product. Table 2 below are the
engineering characteristics, which shows, what features and requirements the designer feels
are important to the customer and what requirements would satisfy the customer.
Table 2 - Engineering Characteristics
Using the engineering characteristics and the results of the customer importance/satisfaction,
the product objectives were created. The following explains the product objectives and uses
the engineering characteristics to describe how each objective will be measured.
Engineering Characteristics %
Function 24
Pull Lever 18
Key and Lock 16
Accessibility of Newspaper 15
Material 14
No Sharp Edges 6
Size 5
Weight 2
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
9
DISPENSING MECHANISM DESIGN
ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS
Three concept sketches were considered are shown below. First, below in Figure 5, the
pusher/puller design simply pushes/pulls the newspaper forward towards the consumer. The
small back will make contact with the fold of the newspaper and slide the newspaper towards
a slot, which then allows the customer to pull the paper.
Figure 5 - Pusher/Puller Concept
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
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Next, Figure 6 shows the friction material concept. This function is similar to that of the
USPS mailbox. It allows the customer to open the lid and drop in the mail but at the same
time, it restricts access to the other postage dropped by other customer. In this design, the
customer will open the lid, which then slides a friction material across the top of the
newspaper, orienting the newspaper up so that the consumer can grasp the newspaper.
Figure 6 - Friction Material Concept
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
11
Lastly, Figure 7 demonstrates the roller concept. This design concept is a mixture between
the pusher/puller concept and the friction material concept. The roller will have a friction
material on the wheels, which will then slide the newspaper forward towards the front of the
machine. Once the newspaper is far enough, the customer can then pull the newspaper out of
the machine.
Figure 7 - Roller Concept
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
12
DESIGN SELECTION
The weighted method was used to determine the best concept to use as a design. Table 3
displays the relative weight of each product objective that was used in the QFD. A five point
scale was used to rate each design on how it addressed the criteria (1 being poor and 5 being
excellent). The deciding criterion was the ease of maintenance, which ultimately decided the
best design. Because the friction material would need to be replaced more often due to wear
in the friction material concept and the roller concept, the scores fell short from the
pusher/puller design. The pusher/puller design had the highest score at 3.12 to become the
best design to meet the product objectives.
Table 3 - Concept Design Selection
Criteria Importance Weight (%) Rating Weighted Rating
Ease of Operation 16% 4 0.64
Ease of Use 13% 4 0.52
Ease of Loading 12% 4 0.48
Secure 11% n/a 0
Reliability/Durability 11% 4 0.44
Safety 10% n/a 0
Cost 9% 4 0.36
Ease of Maintenance 9% 4 0.36
Size 8% 4 0.32
3.12
Criteria Importance Weight (%) Rating Weighted Rating
Ease of Operation 16% 4 0.64
Ease of Use 13% 4 0.52
Ease of Loading 12% 4 0.48
Secure 11% n/a 0
Reliability/Durability 11% 3 0.33
Safety 10% n/a 0
Cost 9% 4 0.36
Ease of Maintenance 9% 3 0.27
Size 8% 4 0.32
2.92
Criteria Importance Weight (%) Rating Weighted Rating
Ease of Operation 16% 4 0.64
Ease of Use 13% 4 0.52
Ease of Loading 12% 4 0.48
Secure 11% n/a 0
Reliability/Durability 11% 3 0.33
Safety 10% n/a 0
Cost 9% 4 0.36
Ease of Maintenance 9% 3 0.27
Size 8% 4 0.32
2.92
Pusher
Friction Material
Roller
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
13
DESIGN
PUSHER/PULLER This design is essentially a long hook. The plate has teeth on the bottom and has a very small
radius in the bend as seen in Figure 8. The radius in the bend is very small and will be able
to line up with the fold of just one newspaper. Shown in red in Figure 9, the teeth will be
able to catch the newspaper on the fold to advance the newspaper forward. The combination
of the teeth and the small radius bend will allow to pusher/puller to consistently grab hold of
one newspaper at one time. The bottom of the pusher/puller is flat allowing it to slide across
the newspapers without any damage to the next paper.
Figure 9 - Pusher/Puller Bottom View
Figure 10 - Pusher/Puller Mechanism
Figure 8 - Pusher/Puller Side View
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
14
FRAME DESIGN
The illustration below in Figure 11 is a frame design similar to the type of frame that is used
for the current USA Today newspapers. It is a small box top and with the ability to attach to
a pedestal of any height desired. With this frame, a commercial coin slide has been
incorporated to the machine, which will control the dispensing mechanism. Furthermore,
Figure 12 shows an inside look of the machine's concept and basic function.
Figure 11 - Front View of Frame
Figure 12 - Side View of Frame
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
15
The base plate that holds the newspapers will be indexed up with the use of extension
springs. As seen in Figure 13 and 14, there are a total of 4 springs. The placements of the
springs are located in the front and the back. An estimated force that the springs will
undergo is approximately 11 lbs. The 11 lbs include the weight of the newspapers, the rail
slides, and the newspaper base holder. The springs will travel about 6 inches and since the
force has been determined, the spring constant can be calculated. Once the spring constant is
solved, the springs can then be purchased. The spring calculation can be found in Appendix
G.
Figure 13 - Spring Location Side View
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
16
Figure 14 - Spring Location Front View
DISPENSING OPERATION The images below highlight on the dispensing mechanism. Figure 15 shows the starting
point of the dispensing mechanism once the coin slide has been pushed in all the way. Once
the coin slide has returned to its original position as seen below in Figure 16, a portion of the
newspaper is through the slot for the customer to pull and obtain. Please note that the
starting and ending position of the dispensing mechanism are the same.
Figure 15 - Dispensing Mechanism Fully Retracted
Figure 16 - Dispensing Mechanism Starting/Ending Position
Pusher/Puller (Yellow)
Newspaper (Green)
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
17
In order for the pusher/puller to grab the newspaper, it can retract further than the actual
newspaper. Below in Figure 12 shows that the newspapers will be held in place with a
newspaper back support to allow the dispensing mechanism to retract further than the actual
newspaper, and to also allow the pusher/puller to index the next paper.
Figure 17 - Newspaper on Back Support
The base holders for the base plate are attached to rail slides to assist in a smooth and even
ascend of the newspapers. Figure 18 are the locations of the rail slides (red) for the
newspaper base holder.
Figure 18 - Newspaper Base Holder Rail Slide Location
Newspaper back
support
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
18
Similar to the base rail slides, the dispensing mechanisms are also attached to rail slides.
Figure 19 shows the rail slides (red) for the dispensing mechanism. There are two sliders in
total and located on opposite sides of each other. This ensures a smooth and minimal effort
slide for the dispensing mechanism. This also helps the customer to exert a minimum force
when pushing in the coin slide.
Figure 19 - Rail Slide Locations for Dispensing Mechanism
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
19
LOADING OPERATION There are hooks incorporated on the bottom of the newspaper base plate and on the bottom of
the machine. There will be a rope attached to the top hook to help the operator to pull the
base plate down. The end of the rope will be a carabineer to fasten the base plate in place.
This will help the operator to bulk load the newspapers into the machine faster and in a more
convenient way. The use of the rail slides from Figure 18 allows the operator to easily
modify the newspaper base up and down with minimal effort and force.
Figure 20 - Loading Hooks Location
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
20
SOLD OUT FEATURE
To guarantee that the customer does not waste money on the machine when there are no
more newspapers available, a sold out feature has been added in. The location of the plunger
can be seen below in Figure 21. The plunger can pivot up and down through the dispensing
mechanism holder and the base plate. The function of the plunger and the sold out feature is
very simple. When there are newspapers present within the machine, the plunger will be
suspended up and not lock in place. Figure 22 below shows a close up of the plunger position
when there are newspapers present.
Figure 21 - Plunger Location
Figure 22 - Plunger Position with Newspapers
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
21
The top portion that is holding the plunger is the dispensing mechanism holder. Both Figure
22 and Figure 23 show the dispensing mechanism holder. The holder simply has a hole
drilled for the plunger to fit through it. It is large enough for the plunger to slide up and
down effortlessly.
Figure 23 - Plunger Position without Newspapers
Shown in Figure 23, once there are no more newspapers present the plunger will fall though
a drilled hole in the base plate. By falling though the base plate hole, the dispensing
mechanism holder and the base plate are locked together, therefore prevent the coin
mechanism to slide and confine the coin slide to move. The top portion of the plunger,
which is highlighted blue in Figure 23, has a larger diameter to prevent the plunger to fall
completely though the dispensing holder.
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
22
FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY
Because a prototype was made, the majority of this project was fabricated out of wood.
Figure 24 shows the first steps of the frame fabrication and assembly. The plywood was cut
using a table saw and assembled using wood screws.
Figure 24 - Beginning Frame Fabrication
The base plate holders again were mounted to rail slides for ease of use and convenience.
Figure 25 shows the base plates assembled to the rail slides for both sides. On the back of the
machine are just two plywood boards to make the back support for the newspapers. The
thickness of the back support is large enough or the dispensing mechanism to retract further
than the newspapers.
Figure 25 - Base Plate Holder and Back Support
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
23
Figures 26 and 27 is the assembled base plate for the newspapers and the rail slide for the
dispensing mechanism holder.
Figure 26 - Dispensing Mechanism Rail Slide
Figure 27 - Base Plate Assembly
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
24
Figure 28 - Spring Assembly and Loading Hooks
The spring assembly and location can be seen above in Figure 28. As mentioned above,
there are four springs in total. Two in the front and two directed behind. In addition, the
loading hooks are mounted as shown. A rope is attached to the top hook located under the
base plate and a carabineer is attached. This helps hold keep the base plate in place while the
operator is loading the machine. Figure 28 shows the base plate being held in place with the
completed loading assembly.
Springs
Top hook
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
25
Below in Figure 29 is the assembly of the dispensing mechanism and the attachment of the
coin slide and dispensing mechanism holder. Furthermore, the sold out plunger was also
completed.
Figure 29 - Dispensing Mechanism Holder Assembly
Figure 30 and 31 is the assembly of the doorframe and dispensing slot. The door assembly
includes the handle and the cam lock and key assembly as well.
Figure 30 - Newspaper Slot Assembly
Plunger
Dispensing
mechanism
holder and coin
slider connecting
attachment
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
26
Figure 31 - Door Assembly
Figure 32 illustrates the pusher/puller assembly. The pusher/puller was nailed into the
dispensing mechanism holder and some tape was used to keep the nail ends from harming the
newspapers as it slides across it.
Figure 32 - Pusher/Puller Side View
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
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Finally, below in Figure 33 and Figure 34 are pictures of the completed assembly of the
prototype.
Figure 33 - Completed Assembly
Figure 34 - Completed Assembly Front View
TESTING AND PROOF OF DESIGN The testing methods were minimal. Once the assembly was completed, the loading test
was accomplished first. Performed by myself and volunteers of both men and women. First,
the rope was pulled and connected to the bottom hook numerous times. Second, the same
group of volunteers loaded the newspapers in bulk. This test was done about 30 times from
the volunteers, and about 100 times myself. The next test was the most important one.
Testing the machine to reliably dispense one newspaper at one time. This was done by
inserting the money into the coin slide and watching to see if only one newspaper is
dispensed. This was performed by myself and also with the group of volunteers. The
volunteers test the machine about 20 times each and I tested the machine about 200 times.
The proof of design test was completed in the presence of the advisor. Appendix D lists
the Product Objectives, which was the checklist used to prove the design of the machine.
Every objective was met and was tested by the advisor to see if the unit dispensed one
newspaper at a time. Furthermore, during Tech Expo, the machine was set up for the public
to use and the machine executed perfectly.
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
28
PROJECT SCHEDULE
Below is a project schedule using a modified version of a Gantt chart. Table 4 shows
everything to be completed such as design, purchasing, fabrication, assembly, and testing.
Early on the dispensing mechanism design turned out to be much more difficult than
expected. This caused the schedule to fall apart and caused some major setbacks. Once the
dispensing mechanism design finally came to conclusion, it was difficult to catch up with all
the required designing. To see the full-itemized schedule, see Appendix E.
Table 4 - Itemized Schedule
BUDGET
The preliminary budget shows how much this prototype machine would cost. The
proposed vs. actual budget is estimated for a machine frame made with metal vs. wood.
Appendix F shows the full line item budget.
Table 5 - Itemized Budget
Parts Cost Parts Cost
Wood $100 Wood $50
Metal $150 Plastic $8
Plastic $50 Lock/Key $7
Lock/Key $50 Coin Slider $40
Coin Acceptor $180 Miscellaneous $100
Coin Box $50 Total $205
Miscellaneous $200
Total $780
Proposed Actual
Important Date(s) Date(s) Actual Date(s)
Proof of design contract 7-Dec 7-Dec
Choose final design 10-Dec 10-Dec
Calculations/SolidWorks modeling 12/12 - 02/17 12/12 - 02/17
Design Freeze 6-Feb 6-Feb
Fabricate 03/26 - 5/13 03/26 - 05/13
Winter Oral presentation 6-Apr 6-Apr
Design report due 14-Mar 14-Mar
Proof of design 14-May 14-May
Tech Expo 17-May 17-May
Spring Oral presentation 24-May 24-May
Project report due 8-Jun 8-Jun
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran
29
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Seely, Natalee. Police investigating multiple newspaper thefts. News and Sentinel.
[Online] October 25, 2011. [Cited: November 15, 2011.]
http://www.newsandsentinel.com/page/content.detail/id/553382/Police-investigating-
multiple-newspaper-thefts.html?nav=5061.
2. Graham, Charlotte. Newspaper thefts on the rise. Laurel Leader-Call. [Online] October
23, 2011. [Cited: November 15, 2011.] http://leadercall.com/local/x553409040/Newspaper-
thefts-on-the-rise.
3. Single Unit Newspaper Dispensing Device. Media Safe Inc. [Online] AirTight Design,
2004-2006. [Cited: 09 26, 2011.] www.mediasafeinc.com.
4. Global News Vending. Single Newspaper Vend Machines. [Online] Go Smart Web
Design, 2005. [Cited: 09 25, 2011.] http://www.globalnewsvending.com/newspaper-vending-
machine-single.html.
5. First Chance General Trading And Contracting. News Paper Vending Machines. [Online]
1989. [Cited: 9 22, 2011.] http://www.firstus.us/nspapervend.html.
Appendix A1
APPENDIX A - RESEARCH
Benefits To Newspaper Corporations
• Will vend only one newspaper at a time • Convert From a Weekly Newspaper dispensing to a Sunday Newspaper by a flick of a switch • More Convenient Locations to buy a newspaper • Works without Electricity • Refilling unit with newspaper is easy and radically different • No extra parts to carry to change from Daily to Sunday papers Increase Profits
• Stops loss of paper due to theft • Increases revenue by accurate dispensing of single newspaper • Helps quantify readership and total circulation • Helps your advertising department by quantifying readership. • Receive an accurate accounting of total newspapers sold • Makes theft of the Model TR-80 Newspaper vending machine more difficult. • Has over a ten-year life. Benefits To Newspaper Readers
• Allows for more convenient locations for your paper • Decreases liability from injuries • Easy to use • Clean look • Customer safe
Looks like traditional newspaper dispenser.
Operates like traditional
Doesn't drop down single newspaper
Not powered
Portability maybe an issue
http://www.mediasafeinc.com/, 09/26/11
Single Unit News
Paper Dispensing Device,
www.mediasafeinc.c
om, AirTight Design
Appendix A2
Wall Mounted WM-2000 May be mounted to a wall or stand.
Newspapers are bulk loaded by route person.
Automatically adjusts for newspaper thickness.
Machine is on a more consumer-friendly level.
Reduces vandalism.
Eliminates the need for street permits.
Newspaper is always vended from the display
window.
"Sold Out" displayed when machine is empty.
Constructed of durable, time proven materials.
Drop down feature
Hand lever pulls down (ergonomic)
Small and portable
Wall mountable or stand
If wall mounted, possible problem for shorter
people
Wall mount adds portability
Capacity maybe an issue
http://www.globalne
wsvending.com/new
spaper-vending-machine-single.html,
09/25/11 Single
Newspaper Vend machines,
www.globalnewsven
ding.com
Appendix A3
Wurlitzer Newspaper Vending Machine for
outdoor vending of single newspapers
• Outdoor, solar operated, fully automatic machine
• Newspaper delivery by needle drive
• Powder-coated steel cabinet
• Weather resistant primary coat
• Splash water protected
• Standard color RAL 3020 (traffic red)
• Programmable microprocessor control unit with
data storage, test, and service
programs
• Programming and data retrieval via chip card
• Show window for actual newspaper made from
durable Makrolon
• Easy change of actual newspaper in the showcase
• Quick and easy adaptation of the machine to
different paper sizes
• Rear wall and bottom fixing possible
• Base suitable to be filled with bricks
• Price labels for different prices
• Overpayment possible
• LCD display
• Working temperature: -20°C up to +50°C
-68°F up to +122°F
Coin insertion:
• MDB coin system
• Three different prices programmable
• Free vend
Power Supply: solar cell with backup battery
Extra-low voltage supply for internal functions
Company from India
Lots of electronic functions
Solar powered for green energy
Portability maybe an issue
http://www.firstu
s.us/nspapervend.
html
Appendix A4
Hanna News 1000 * Single-vend operation to protect your inventory
investment.
* Better brand image through a contemporary modern
look.
* Virtually no maintenance required.
* Quick and easy load features, opens like a file
cabinet.
* Accepts multiple domestic and international coin
combinations, including the U.S. dollar.
* Optional bill validator accepts multiple currencies,
including U.S. $1 and $5 bills.
* Optional coin changer.
* Accepts any combination of coins and dollar bills.
* Vend pricing can be easily changed without the use
of tools or other equipment.
* The ProNews™ can perform over 10,000 vends
from a single set of non-rechargeable
batteries.
* Made from heavy gauge metal with a powder coated
epoxy finish for long life.
* Unique mechanical design requires no electrical
motors, complicated gears, or A/C power
providing years of reliability.
* Aesthetically correct appearance with uniformity
designed to meet today’s stringent
municipality codes.
* Consumer friendly, easy operation.
* Ideal for locations requiring high security.
* Custom colors and branding available.
Simple
Portable
Compact
Appealing
Discontinued
http://www.hanna-
vending.com/newspa
per.htm, 09/26/11 Newspaper and
Magazine Vending
Machine, www.hanna-
vending.com
Appendix A5
KJ-1250 Single Vend The ultimate in newspaper equipment: one
coin (or your price), one paper. Unlike
other single-vend equipment, K-Jack’s
Single Vend® does not vend a paper to the
customer, but allows the customer to take
one paper at a time. It features fast, easy
bulk loading with easy 1 step key
adjustment. It will handle papers from 1/8
inch to 2 1/2 inches in thickness. The
Single Vend comes in two different models.
One of them will have the page capacity to
handle your special sales location
Large display
Ease of use in question
Bulky shape
Look is unpleasant
Interview with contact, Sept. 25, 2011
Dam Luong, newspaper reader, 4391 Lighthouse Ln, Westchester, OH 45069
No complaints about newspaper machines currently
Finds the idea of single dispense newspaper machine is good
Thinks that it would be easier to use and more simple than current
Would use more often if available than current
Understands the need of a single newspaper machine
Idea of electronic is good, but may not be as effective
Electronic may have costly repairs
http://www.kjack.com/kj1
250.htm, 09/22/11 Coin
Operated Newsracks www.kjack.com, KJ-1250
Single-Vend
Appendix B1
APPENDIX B - SURVEY
SINGLE DISPENSE NEWSPAPER MACHINE
CUSTOMER SURVEY
The purpose of this survey is to determine the key features to help develop a new newspaper
dispenser. The results will help aid in building a quality product with the most desired
characteristics.
How important is each feature to you for the design of a new Single Dispensing
Newspaper Machine?
Please circle the appropriate answer. 1 = low importance 5 = high importance AVG
Safety 1 2(4) 3(2) 4(8) 5(2) N/A 3.5
Durability 1 2 3(4) 4(2) 5(10) N/A 4.4
Ease of Use 1 2 3 4(1) 5(15) N/A 4.9
Ease of loading 1 2(9) 3(3) 4(4) 5 N/A 3.7
Secure 1 2(12) 3(2) 4(2) 5 N/A 3.4
Ease of operation 1 2 3 4(2) 5(14) N/A 4.9
Low Cost 1 2(7) 3(4) 4(4) 5(1) N/A 2.9
Compact 1 2(4) 3(7) 4(3) 5(2) N/A 3.2
Ease of maintenance 1 2(3) 3(8) 4(5) 5 N/A 3.1
How satisfied are you with the current Single Dispensing Newspaper Machine?
Please circle the appropriate answer. 1 = very UNsatisfied 5 = very satisfied AVG
Safety 1 2(3) 3(5) 4(5) 5(2) N/A(1) 3.3
Durability 1(1) 2 3(3) 4(2) 5(10) N/A(1) 4.3
Ease of Use 1(2) 2(2) 3(1) 4(3) 5(7) N/A(1) 3.6
Ease of loading 1 2 3(3) 4(7) 5(3) N/A(3) 3.4
Secure 1(4) 2(2) 3(4) 4(2) 5(2) N/A(2) 2.5
Ease of operation 1 2(6) 3 4(1) 5(1) N/A(1) 3.1
Cost 1 2(7) 3(3) 4(1) 5(1) N/A(3) 2.4
Compact 1(1) 2(1) 3(5) 4(2) 5(2) N/A(1) 3.3
Ease of maintenance 1 2(2) 3(2) 4 5 N/A(8) 2.1
How much would you be willing to pay for this machine?
$100-$200(6) $200-$500(9) $500-$1000(1) $1000-$2000(0)
Thank you for your time.
Appendix C1
APPENDIX C - QFD
Siz
e
No
Sh
arp
Ed
ges
Weig
ht
Mate
rial
Fu
ncti
on
Pu
ll L
ev
er
Access
ibil
ity
of
New
spap
er
Key
an
d L
ock
Safety 9 3 3
Durability/Reliability 9 9 9 3
Ease of Use 9 9 9 9
Ease of Loading 9 9 9
Secure 1 9
Ease of Operation 9 9 3 1
Low Cost 3 3 9
Compact 9 3
Ease of Maintenance 1 1 9
Abs. importance 1.11 1.03 0.52 2.96 5.00 3.74 3.08 3.42
Rel. importance 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.14 0.24 0.18 0.15 0.16
Peter TranSingle Dispense Newspaper Machine9 = Strong3 = Moderate1 = Weak
Cu
sto
mer
imp
ort
an
ce
Desi
gn
er's
Mu
ltip
lier
Cu
rren
t S
ati
sfacti
on
Pla
nn
ed
Sati
sfacti
on
Imp
rov
em
en
t ra
tio
Mo
dif
ied
Im
po
rtan
ce
Rela
tiv
e w
eig
ht
Rela
tiv
e w
eig
ht
%
3.5 1.00 3.3 4 1.2 4.2 0.10 10%
4.4 1.00 4.3 4.5 1.0 4.6 0.11 11%
4.9 1.00 3.6 4 1.1 5.4 0.13 13%
3.7 1.1 3.4 4 1.2 4.8 0.12 12%
3.4 1.1 2.5 3 1.2 4.5 0.11 11%
4.9 1.00 3.1 4 1.3 6.3 0.16 16%
2.9 1.00 2.4 3 1.3 3.6 0.09 9%
3.2 1.00 3.3 3.5 1.1 3.4 0.08 8%
3.1 1.00 2.1 2.5 1.2 3.7 0.09 9%
Appendix D1
APPENDIX D - PRODUCT OBJECTIVES
Product Objectives
Single Dispense Newspaper Machine
The following is a list of product objectives and how they will be obtained or measured
to ensure that the goal of the project was met. The product objectives will focus on
developing a single dispensing newspaper machine. The machine will be able to withstand
any weather conditions like the typical newspaper dispensers.
Ease of Use (13%) and Operation (16%):
5.) Pull lever similar to slot machine allowing both men and women to use.
6.) Allows access to newspaper (once dispensed) to grab and go similar to automated
lotto ticket machine.
7.) The device will display a "Sold Out" sign once all newspapers are bought
8.) Coin slot will be brightly colored to guide where money is to be inserted
Ease of Loading: 12%
4.) Door will be lowered from top to bottom and will rest at waist level.
5.) Lock will be shielded from rain, which will prevent freezing in cold conditions
6.) Lock will be located on top of back door to prevent bending over
Secure: 11%
1.) The product will only dispense one newspaper at one time
2.) The product will forbid any access to the remaining newspapers
4.) Access to money can only be obtained by the key holder
Reliability/Durability: 11%
1.) Product will be consistent with loading conditions and calculations, which will be
proven by COSMOS to show that the product will not fail
2.) The product and components will be able to operate and function at extreme climate
conditions
3.) Finish on product will allow the product to withstand corrosion
4.) The product will be able to function and operate with various loads applied to it
(leaned on, sudden impact from hit, etc)
Safety: 10%
1.) The device will not have any sharp objects or corners on the exterior
2.) The device will not have glass in the display window, rather a strong durable plastic
3.) The device will not topple over in any stage of use
Cost: 9%
1.) The unit will cost less than $1000
Ease of Maintenance: 9%
1.) Replacement parts will be easy to remove and install
2.) Replacing parts can be completed by one person
3.) Replacement parts will be easy to handle (grasp, orient, move, etc)
Size: 8%
1.) The unit design will not be larger than current newspaper machines
Appendix E1
APPENDIX E- SCHEDULE
TASKS
Dec 5
- 11
Dec 1
2 - 1
8
Dec 1
9 - 2
5
Dec 2
6 - 1
Jan
2 - 8
Jan
9 - 1
5
Jan
16 -
22
Jan
23 -
29
Jan
30 -
Feb
5
Feb
6 - 1
2
Feb
13 -
19
Feb
20 -
26
Feb
27 -
Mar
4
Mar
5 -
11
Mar
12
- 18
Mar
19
- 25
Mar
26
- 1
Apr 2
- 8
Apr 9
- 15
Apr 1
6 - 2
2
Apr 2
3 - 2
9
Apr 3
0 - M
ay 6
May
7 -
13
May
14
- 20
May
21
- 27
May
28
- Jun
3
Jun
4 - 1
0
Proof of Design to advisor 7
7
Concept sketches to advisor 7
7
3-D modeling 30
30
Frame Calculation/Design 13
13
Dispensing Calculation/Design 27
17
Ergonomic/Human Factors Calculation 10
17
Design Freeze 6
6
Ordering Parts 6
6
Winter Oral Presentation 27
27
Winter Report 14
14
Frame Fabrication 23
23
Dispensing Mechanism Fabrication 6
Assembly and Testing 4
4
Demo (Advisor) 14
14
Demo (All) 17
17
Final Report 8
8
Spring Oral Presentation 24
24
Peter TranSingle Dispense
Newspaper Machine
Appendix F1
APPENDIX F - BUDGET
Material/Components Forcasted Budget
Wood $100.00
Metal $150.00
Plastic $50.00
Lock/Key $50.00
Coin Acceptor $180.00
Coin Box $50.00
Miscellaneous $200.00
Total: $780.00
Material/Components Forcasted Budget
Wood $50.00
Plastic $8.00
Lock/Key $7.00
Coin Slider $40.00
Miscellaneous $100.00
Total: $205.00
Preliminary Budget
Actual Budget