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Singapore: From Garden City to City in a Garden
5th Global Biodiversity Summit for Cities and Subnational Governments
December 9-11 2016, Cancún, Quintana Roo, México
Dr. Lena Chan, Group DirectorNational Biodiversity Centre, NParks, Singapore
Before 1819, Singapore was a tapestry of Primary Lowland DipterocarpForests, Secondary Forests, Freshwater Swamps, Mangroves, Rivers, Grasslands, etc.
Major land-use transformation occurred in Singapore between 1819 and 1930
Adapted from Corlett , 1992
Primary – Primary forestCultivated – Cultivated land, including croplandSecondary – Secondary grassland, scrub and forestUrban – Urban areas, including parks and gardens
Singapore: Garden City
Planting in built-up areas
• Clifford Pier –before and after planting
Singapore today
• Land area: 719.2 km2
• Population: 5.6 million
• Population density: 7,797 persons/km2
– 3rd densest after Macau and Monaco
• 2nd busiest container port globally
• 4 Nature Reserves, 20 Nature Areas
• 337 Parks totaling 263.3km2
• 303km of Park Connectors
City in a Garden
Imagine Singaporeans having a home within a garden,instead of just having a garden outside a home.
CIAG – Strategic Thrusts
• Establish world-class gardens
• Rejuvenate urban parks and enliven our streetscape
• Optimise urban spaces for greenery and recreation
• Enrich biodiversity in our urban environment
• Enhance competencies of our landscape and horticultural industry
• Engage and inspire communities to co-create a greener Singapore
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
• Obligation under the Convention on Biological Diversity
• Singapore produced a NBSAP 2009–2014
• Adopted 5 strategies:– Safeguard our biodiversity – Consider Biodiversity Issues in Policy and
Decision-making– Improve Knowledge of Our Biodiversity &
Natural Environment– Enhance Education and Public Awareness– Strengthen Partnerships with All
Stakeholders and Promote International Collaboration
Singapore’s Native Biodiversity
A li
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f Si
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nat
ive
bio
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• 2145 native vascular plant species
• 384 bird species
• 98 reptile species
• 85 freshwater fish species
• 318 butterfly species
• 125 dragonfly species
• more than 800 spider species
• 35 true mangrove tree species
• 12 seagrass species
• 255 hard coral species
• 50 sea anemone species
Singapore’s Terrestrial Biodiversity
Singapore’s Marine Biodiversity
NParks’ Nature Conservation Master Plan
• The NCMP consolidates, coordinates, strengthens and intensifies all NParks’ current biodiversity conservation efforts
Nature Conservation Masterplan
1. Conservation of Key Habitats
2. Habitat Enhancement, Restoration and Species Recovery
4. Community Stewardship and Outreach in Nature
3. Applied Research in Conservation Biology and Planning
Safeguarding our Key Ecosystems
Photo Credit: sg.asia-city.com, National Parks Board
Safeguarding our Key Ecosystems
Photo Credit: sg.asia-city.com, National Parks Board
Safeguarding our Key Ecosystems
Photo Credit: sg.asia-city.com, National Parks Board
Restoring habitats
Photo Credit: sg.asia-city.com, National Parks Board
• Protecting our coastline: Pulau TekongMangrove Project
Restoring habitats
Photo Credit: sg.asia-city.com, National Parks Board
• Replacing hard structures: Bishan-AMK Park
Restoring Ecological Connectivity
Knema curtisii
Emerald DoveSlender squirrel
Common Palm Civet
Sunda Pangolin
Baccaurea racemosa
• Eco-link@BKE
Incorporating biodiversity into urban areas -Streetscapes
Multi species streetscapeKheam Hock Nature Way
Streetscape Garden Orchid reintroduction
Incorporating biodiversity into urban areas -Skyrise Greenery
Engaging the community
• Commonwealth Secondary School
Engaging the community
Biophilia
• What is a Biophilic City?
1. It is biodiverse, full of nature;
2. Residents feel, see, and experience rich nature, both terrestrial and marine, in the normal course of work, play and life;
3. All inclusive collaborative efforts are made by the people, the private companies and the government to restore, enhance and innovate the integrity of habitats for biodiversity.
© Dreiseitl
