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Simulation and modeling of smarter large power grids
ADVANCED
ENERGY 201230-31 Octobre 2012, New York, NY, USA
Omar Saad,Researcher IREQ/Hydro-Québec
Groupe – Technologie2
Modern (Future) power systems
> Increasingly complex transmission and distribution systems
> Evolution and upgrading of existing systems allowing to increase the penetration of renewable energies and to elevate security and flexibility levels
> Delivery of greener power > Large scale integration of renewable generation > Central and distributed generators, microgrids> Proliferation of HVDC systems> Smart Grids
• Huge needs in information and data for the operation and planning of power systems
Groupe – Technologie3
Large scale integration of renewable generation
> Deployment of intelligent controls, computer applications and communications
> Smart technologies for the interconnection of renewable energy generators in wide geographic areas
> Management of distributed resources> Power electronics application for: control
and variability> Sophistication of analysis methods
Groupe – Technologie4
Trends and challenges
> Simulation and analysis of super large networks with wideband models
• Electromagnetic and electromechanical transients
> Simulation of super distribution grids (Smart network)> Challenges
• Data and data portability between power system applications
• Visualization and analysis of huge systems• Parallel computations• Real-time computations• Online analysis• Unification of simulation methods and environments• Multi-domain simulations
Groupe – Technologie5
Simulation of very large systems: Hydro-Québec Network in EMTP-RV
Bergeronnes
Périgny
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+
ZnO
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+
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+
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C04
+2006-ajout de 19 ohms-total 44 ohms, 2300A
CX
C7
+
CX
C8
+
CX
C23
+
CX
C19
+
CX
C27
+
CX
C28
+
CX
C29
+
CX
C31
+
CX
C32
+
CX
C33
+
CX
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+
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CX
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CX
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+
CX
C77
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CX
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62
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L7094
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6.6
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+
L7059
27
3.6
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+ 25
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P+
L7086
19
5
CP+
L7027
181.6
CP +
60.2
L7011
CP
+
L7028
17
1.2
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+
L7029
CP
+
L7053
23
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+
L7052
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+
L7051
CP
+
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+
L7007_B
24
2
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+
L7097
76
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+
L7005
11
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+
L7035
CP +
L7034
108
CP +
L7024
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L7017
228.8
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L7025251.9
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117.2L7026
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L7016
24
6.5
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+
L7045
18
2.2
0
CP
+
L7044
25
3.6
70
CP +
93.4
L7042
CP +
46.1L7038
CP +
L7006
132.8
CP +
155.3
L7060
CP
+
L7062
CP
+
L7063
26
2.3
CP
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L7080
24
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L7081
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L7082
21
7.8
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31.7
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18
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P+
L7004_A
22
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+
L7032
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+
L7031
21
9.9
CP
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L7033
CP +
MiseEnService=200370.61
L7048
CP +
2003
70.20
L7049
CP
2+L7069_7070
21
7.7
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1
+
1M
CP+
L7002
176.8
CP
+
L7023_B
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+
34
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27
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+
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23
5.3
CP
+L7023_A
CP
+L7008_A
CP
+L7007_A
13
7.8
CP +
26.9
+
330 MX
+
165 MX
+
CP +
183.1
L7018
CP
+
L7019
25
1.6
+-
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pu
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+-
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pu
I1
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pu
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pu
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1
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39
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pu
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+
165 MX
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165 MX
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L7061
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2006
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2003
735/120/12.5
+
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+
96 MX @ 120 KV
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_b2003
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20
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une
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une
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L3021_L3022_L3023_L3024
23
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13
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r_b317
23
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+
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CP +
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83.9
CP+L3102_L3110_L3106_L310760
+
2006
B317_capac
CP+
L3015
78.4
CP+
L3005
117.4
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L3069
45.3
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3T
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+ [R,L]
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+
boundarycrt_b1025
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LF
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+
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1
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1
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107.07
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83.4
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LF
LFlaforge2_A1A2
CP +
54.9
LF
23
1
76
5/3
15
/12
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1 2
CP+
45.90
L3016
+
990 MX
+
1320 MX
+
330 MX
+
330 MX
+
660 MX
CP+
L7055
CP+
L7056
120.6
+
330 MX
CP+
L7057
104.3
+
165 MX
+
495 MX
12
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LFoutardes3_A1aA4
+[R
,L]
L2375
+[R
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L2329
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46.5MVAR
+
B2290_capac
+
1M
+
330 MX
+
+
330 MX
LF
23
1
+ -
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I1
lanaudiere_b1262
+
+
1M
23
1
+
1M
23
1
+-
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pu
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460MW66MVAR
+
1M
+
1M
LF
bouchervilleslack
2 3
1
+-
U1
pu
I1
LF
94
3M
W
42
0M
VA
R
+
1M
23
1
chibougamau_T2T3
+-
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pu
I1
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91
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R
chib
ougam
au_b1683
+
1M
CP+
L3150
CP+
L3151
23
1
abitibi_T1aT3+-
U1pu
I1
lebel_b528LF
590MW48MVAR
+
1M
LF
+ -
U1pu
I1
+ -
U1pu
I1
LFnemiscauCLC LFalbanelCLC
+-
U1pu
I1
LFchibougamauCLC
+ -
U1pu
I1
LF
chamouchouaneCLC
LF
1
2
stemarguerite3_T1T2
+
1M
23
1
+
1M
LF
radissonslack-2000 MW du RNCC
1
2
1
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F
1 2
lagrande1_T21T27
LF
17MW3MVAR
CP
+
L3152_L3153
+
-1/1
E1
5/0
+
660 MX
+ [R,L]
L1498
+[R
,L]
L7088
+[R
,L]
L7089
CP+
L7054
LFlaurentidesCLC
P=0Q=0
Phase:14
+ -
U1puI1
CP +
88.980
L7040
LFmassena_b818
+
massena_b818
1 2
+
23
1
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L3033_L3034
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73
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1
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34
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nicolet_b2007
Mauricie nord
mauricie_b488
trois-rivières_b2268
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SM
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pu
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(pu)
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U1puI1
SM
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SM
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an_A
1aA
3
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SM
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S2
LFlevis_CLC
P=0Q=0
Phase:14
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U1puI1
SM
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levis
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SM
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AVR
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(pu)
expci1 partiel
AVR
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SM
laforge2_A1A2
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laforge1_A11aA16
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R
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L7079
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L7020
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L3104
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+
L3029_L3030
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L3009
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L2385_A
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21
62
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a
(pu
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a
(pu
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AVR
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AV
R
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AVR
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AV
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AVR
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AVR
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(pu)
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a
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R
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Planificateur
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330 MX
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b
(pu
)
KG=0
AV
R
-exst1
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b
(pu
)
Load-Flow
OFF
I/O FILES
Start EMTP
SimulationOptions
Simulation webShow Load-Flow
AVR
-exst1-pss4b
(pu)
ks=1
AVR
-exst1-pss4b
(pu)
KG=1
+
1M
1 2
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I
V
I
albanel_CLC
V
I
chibougamauCLC
V
I
chamouchouane_CLC
V
I
laurentidesCLC
V
I
levis_CLC
V
I
laverendrye_CLC
+
3600Ohm
L1
View Steady-State
+
165 MX
+ 1M
PI
+L7046
PI
+L7036
PI
+L7009
23
1
+
1M
+-
U1
pu
I1
LF
CP
+
L7014
51
.90
+
1M
+
165 MX
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1
+
1M
2 3
1
+
1M
AV
R
-exst1
-pss4
b
(pu
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+345.7 MX @ 315 KV. Fusible externe
XC4_boucherville
740.09/_6.4grandbrule_b770
751.51/_26.2saguenay_b718
759.06/_36.0
chibougamau_b783
752.38/_41.1arnaud_b709
759.34/_30.0chamouchouane_b731
753.88/_9.0appalaches_b790
754.73/_34.4abitibi_b713
752.87/_20.7laverendrye_b714
748.11/_49.6montagnais_b710
749.84/_3.7descantons_b755
748.57/_1.0
monteregie_b784
738.42/_57.9
churchill_b760
763.82/_60.1
742.28/_1.9
carignan_b730
arnaud_b309
750.03/_34.2manicouagan_b705
haute
rive_b643
748.86/_6.0
nicolet_b707
751.38/_-0.8
chateauguay_b719
322.03/_79.2
767.32/_58.5lemoyne_b723
768.86/_63.5tilly_b724
radisson_b1020
radisson_b320
755.52/_60.3
lagrande2_b749
radisson_b720
micoua_b306
toulnustouc_b476
748.42/_37.7micoua_b706
a ab bc c
cba a b c
305.45/_-1.8mauricie_b488
758.77/_45.7nemiscau_b780
760.56/_46.3albanel_b782
733.88/_0.3duvernay_b702
739.58/_1.4chenier_b715
746.90/_-0.7hertel_b708
748.78/_14.7jacquescartier_b717
326.63/_86.5
310.02/_5.0jacquescartier_b317
314.24/_8.7laurentides_b304
manicouagan_b305
317.28/_33.0bersimis1_b433
315.42/_33.7bersimis2_b434
749.82/_14.5laurentides_b704
752.80/_13.5levis_b703
boucherville_b701
742.00/_-0.0
• 1100 lines• 296 3-ph transformers• 532 loads• 7 SVC• 32 Synchronous
Condenser• 99 SM
Groupe – Technologie6
EMTP model of Gaspésie system:Integration of wind generation
RIVIÈRE-DU-LOUP 315/230/120 kV
36 M VAR
TO 735 kV SYSTEM
LÉVIS 735/315 kV
KAMOURASKA 315 kV
GOÉMON230/161/69 kV
Mont-LouisGE 100.5 MW
VigerREpower 25 MW
TO NEW-BRUNSWICK
RIMOUSKI 230/69 kV
RIMOUSKI 315/230 kV
MICMAC230/161 kV
CASCAPÉDIA 230/69 kV
MATAPÉDIA 315/230 kV
Gros MorneGE 211.5 MW
CarletonGE 109.5 MW
Vent du KemptEnercon100 MW
St-DamaseEnercon 24 MW
Le PlateauEnercon 161 MW
TemiscouataEnercon 25 MW
DC
TO NEW-BRUNSWICK
New RichmondEnercon 66 MW
St-Ulric/St-Léandre GE127.5 MW
Lac Alf redREpower 325 MW
Nordais-1Neg Micon 43 MW
Mont CopperVestas 54 MW
Montagne-Sèche GE 58.5 MW
Anse-à-Valleau GE 100.5 MW
Baie-des-Sables GE109.5 MW
Mont MillerVestas 54 MW
Nordais-2 Neg Micon 57 MW
DC
LESBOULES 230/120 kV
230 kV
315 kV
315 kV
230 kV 230 kV230 kV
161 kV
161 kV230 kV
230 kV
315 kV
315 kV
Three-Winding Transf ormer
Riv ière-Sainte-AnneCapacitiv e Div ider
AC Filters
AC Filters
Two-Winding Transf ormer
DC
Sy nchronous Condenser
HVDC Interconnection
Zigzag Grounding Transf ormer
Collector Sy stem For WPP
Load
315 kV Lines230 kV Lines
120 kV Lines161 kV Lines
69 kV Lines34,5 kV Lines25 kV or less Lines
+
+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
+
++
+
+
+
+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
+
LF
+
+
CP+
CP2
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP2CP2CP2 CP2
+
+
+
CP+
+
+
CP2
CP2
CP2
CP+
CP+
DF
REpower
Enerc on
+
Wind
Ves tasV 80Optis l ip
LVRTVRCCAG 04
DF
GE
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Groupe – Technologie7
Hydro-Québec
> Pioneered important research and development works on advanced simulation methods for large scale and complex power systems
> Advanced real-time simulation methods> Advance off-line simulation methods> Sophisticated utilization of simulation tools for
transmission and distribution network studies> Integration of wind generation: 4 GW by 2015
• Based on detailed studies of electromagnetic and electromechanical transients
> At Hydro-Québec (TransÉnergie) the frequency range of simulation models has been constantly increasing with increasing computer speed, improved models and numerical performance.
Groupe – Technologie8
Real-Time simulator
> Capability to solve power systems quickly enough to produce outputs synchronized with the real-time clock
A second of simulation = 1 second of clock time when testing equipment
> A real-time simulator can be connected directly to power system control and protection equipment to test the equipment under realistic conditions
• For detecting abnormal operating conditions that cannot be found through numerical models
• For super-fast contingency analysis
> Hydro-Québec develops HYPERSIM: a real-time simulator
Develop, improve and assess new protection and control concepts
Optimize the operation and the maintenance power systems
Decrease the time required to commission protection relays and
control systems (FACTS, HVDC, SVC, etc..)
Reproduce events that occurred in the power system by using the
actual protection and control systems
Groupe – Technologie9
EMTP-RV
> Simulation and analysis of electromagnetic transients> General purpose circuit analysis tool: wideband, from
steady-state to time-domain> Detailed simulation and analysis of large scale electrical
systems> Network analysis: network separation, power quality,
geomagnetic storm, interaction between compensation and control components, wind generation
> Synchronous machines: SSR, auto-excitation, control> Multiterminal HVDC systems, Power electronics> Series compensation: MOV energy absorption, short-
circuit conditions, network interaction> Transmission line systems: insulation coordination,
switching, design, wideband line and cable models> Switchgear: TRV, shunt compensation, current chopping,
delayed-current zero conditions> Protection: power oscillations, saturation problems> Detailed transient stability analysis: more and more> Off-line tool: May save millions in design and operation!
Groupe – Technologie10
Simulation and Analysis
> The basis of all problems!> Modern power grids require advanced study and
analysis methods • for power system design• operation• post-mortem analysis
> Numerical models and solution methods now play a dominant role and contribute to all research and development levels.
> The needs for grid simulations increase significantly faster than the capability of researchers to deliver models and faster simulations methods.
Groupe – Technologie11
Simulation and Analysis
> Simulation and modeling are essential for the evolution and operation of modern power systems
> Can we build an electronic copy of the operated system?> Can we merge real-time and off-line simulation tools?> Can we replicate analog simulator style with numerical
simulators?> What is the highest computational speed?> How far: wideband and size> Can we unify simulation environments to work with
unique data sets and various analysis methods?> Can we create portable models and data?> Use Concurrent and multi-domain simulation methods
Groupe – Technologie12
New trends: Cloud computing
> Applications for power systems• Generation scheduling, unit commitment
– Complex optimization problems• Load-flow
– Probabilistic methods• Transient stability and electromagnetic transients
– Acceleration of simulations– Sensitivity analysis– Contingency analysis
> Dispatching of computing jobs into a resource pool> Simulation services with centralized and shared data> Increased utilization of available computing services> Higher automation levels
• Reduced human intervention• Private cloud systems• Public cloud systems• Community cloud: organizations working together
Groupe – Technologie13
New Trends: Parallel computing
> Availability of increasing calculation capabilities through multicore computers
> Power system simulations involve the solution of linear sparse systems
> Traditional methods are generally sequential and use only one CPU
> The matrices are very sparse, moderate size, coupled and unsymmetrical
> For Load flow and steady-state studies the matrices are coupled but the solution is performed once
> For time domain it is possible to use the natural delay of the lines to decouple the system. Not always feasible!
> It is essential to explore new ways to increase the speed of calculations while maintaining accuracy
> Hydro-Québec with Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal and RTE (France) are collaborating in an important research project to increase the speed of calculations using the possibilities offered by new technologies
Groupe – Technologie14
New Trends: Collaborative computing, Co-simulation
> Parallel computing can be done in a collaborative approach
> Several simulation tools addressing different aspects, telecom, control, electromechanical and electromagnetic transients, collaborate together to simulate the same power system
> Collaborative software environment can be implemented through a co-simulation channel in an indirect interaction (FMI)
> Use Federated simulation systems run-time infrastructure (RTI) to support interoperability (HLA)
> Scalable performance via parallel and distributed simulation techniques
Groupe – Technologie
Application: Large-scale Case diverse simulators (EMTP, Simulink)
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Groupe – Technologie
Challenges
> Decoupling : Where & How ???• Delays (measurement/controlled source)• Transfer of slowly changing states: need for
filters!• Automation of decoupling!
> Diverse solution methods: • Synchronization issues (e.g. Check for
instantaneous power injected by WTG !)
> Global solution for all variables (not only interface) & impact on validity for all types of studies
Groupe – Technologie17
Conclusions
> Research on power system simulation and analysis tools is now facing new and major challenges:
• Simulation of extremely large networks• Very complex networks, penetration of renewables
energy• Smart Grids
> New trends and means for solving increasingly complex problems
• Parallel computations• Cloud computing• Collaborative computing• Advanced visualization methods• Data portability with CIM
> Major research and revisions are needed in existing simulation tools
