Simulasi Reservoir Dalam Rangka Optimisasi Waterflooding

8/18/2019 Simulasi Reservoir Dalam Rangka Optimisasi Waterflooding

1/18

I. JUDUL

"PEMODELAN INJEKSI AIR BERPOLA PADA LAPANGAN XUNTUK PERENCANAAN OPTIMASI PENDESAKAN"

II. LATAR BELAKANG

Waterflood mer!aa# $ala% $at metode !rod$& 'a#( mm d&(#aa#

!ada !ro$e$ $e)o#dar' re)o*er'+ are#a $ela ,a%a# -e$& 'a#( ter$ed&a dalam

-mla% 'a#( ,e$ar+ .aterflood mem!#'a& ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# 'a#( le,&% ,e$ar

-&a d&,a#d(a# de#(a# $e)o#dar' re)o*er' !ro)e$$ 'a#( la /&mm&)&,le (a$

-e)t&o#01 Sala% $at !a'a 'a#( da!at d&laa# #t me#(ata# fator

!erole%a# m'a adala% de#(a# mem,at !ola $mr -e$&2!rod$& /!atter#

.aterflood0+ 'a#( ,ert-a# #t me#da!ata# !ola !e#'a!a# 'a#( $eef&$&e#

m#( Pada o!era$& !atter# .aterflood+ $mr2$mr -e$& da# !rod$&

mm#'a d&,e#t dalam $at !ola terte#t 'a#( ,eratra#+ m&$al#'a !ola t&(a

t&t&+ l&ma t&t&+ t-% t&t&+ da# $e,a(a'a+ ,a& #ormal /re(lar0 ma!# ter,al&

/*erted01

O!t&ma$& !atter# .aterflood ,&a$a#'a d&laa# $etela% !rod$& m'a

'a#( d&%a$&la# $da% t&da o!t&mal+ 'a#( d&ta#da& de#(a# ,e$ar#'a .ater )t1

O!t&ma$& !ola !e#de$aa# !ada -e$& a&r ,er!ola da!at d&laa# de#(a# 3

!e#(atra# !ola ,ar dar& !ola 'a#( $da% ada /!atter# re2al&(#me#t0

!e#e#ta# metode !e#(-e$&a# a&r -e$& /-e)t&o# $trate('0

!er,a%a# !erfora$& da# a)re2$!a)(+

!er,a%a# $mr -e$& me#-ad& $mr !rod$&1

Se,elm !e#e#ta# da# !ere#)a#aa# -e#&$ o!t&ma$& 'a#( aa# d&tera!a#+

terle,&% dl %ar$ d&laa# $td& 'a#( ,er%,#(a# de#(a# er-a 'a#( aa#

d&%a$&la# dar& ma$(2ma$( -e#&$ o!t&ma$& $erta !e#(ar%2!e#(ar%#'a1 Std&

& da!at d&laa# de#(a# !em,ata# model matemat&$ dar& $&$tem 'a#( aa#

d&!ela-ar&1 4al&da$& data 'a#( arat !ada !ro$e$ $&mla$&+ d&%ara!a# da!at

me#(%a$&la# (am,ara# 'a#( -ela$ da# me.a&l& e#'ataa# me#(e#a& er-a

$&$tem1


2/18

II. MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN

T-a# dar& !e#l&$a# T(a$ A%&r & adala% #t mere#)a#aa# $at

!ro(ram o!t&ma$& !atter# .aterflood 'a#( $da% ada da# $eda#( ,er-ala#+ 'a#(

d&da$ara# !ada %a$&l !ro$e$ $&mla$&1 Pro(ram o!t&ma$& & d&%ara!a# da!at

me#(ata# !erole%a# m'a da# mem!er!a#-a#( $&a !rod$&1

III. TEORI DASAR

4.1. Konsep Dasar Pendesakan Minak o!e" Air

Ko#$e! !e#de$aa# fl&da re$er*o&r ,er%,#(a# de#(a# arater&$t&

,ata# re$er*o&r1 Se)ara (ar&$ ,e$ar arater&$t& ,ata# re$er*o&r da!at

d&elom!oa# me#-ad& da ma)am+ 'a&t $&fat da$ar ,ata# &t $e#d&r&+ $e!ert&

!oro$&ta$+ !ermea,&l&ta$ da# d&$tr&,$& ra# !or&+ $erta $&fat 'a#( ter,e#t

de#(a# ada#'a tera$& a#tara ,ata# de#(a# fl&da+ $e!ert& .etta,&l&ta$+ tea#a#

a!&ler+ da# d&$tr&,$& $atra$& fl&da1

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Ga#$ar 4.1.Proses Pendesakan Minak 50

Pada !ro$e$ !e#de$aa# m'a ole% a&r aa# terda!at $at 6o#a tra#$&$&

d&a#tara eda#'a1 7o#a ter$e,t mem!#'a& !er,a%a# $atra$& dar& m'a da#

a&r de#(a# -ara 'a#( d&!e#(ar%& ole% $&fat f&$& fl&da da# ,ata#+ t(at

m&$&,&l&ta$ a#tara fl&da -e$& da# fl&da 'a#( d&-e$&1 7o#a tra#$&$&

mem!#'a& !er,a%a# $atra$& fl&da de#(a# *ar&a$& 899: m'a $am!a& 899:

a&r1


3/18

%e&&a$i!i&as

Pada tera$& o#ta !ermaa# a#tara fl&da da# ,ata#+ ter-ad& (a'a

tar&2me#ar& a#tara )a&ra# de#(a# ,e#da !adat /(a'a ad%e$&0+ 'a#( mer!aa#

fator dar& te(a#(a# !ermaa# a#tara fl&da da# ,ata#1

Sat )a&ra# da!at d&ataa# mem,a$a%& 6at !adat -&a te(a#(a# ad%e$'a

!o$&t&! /θ ; 89=o0+ ,erart& ,ata# ,er$&fat oil wet 1

Gam,ara# te#ta#( water wet da# oil wet d&t#-a# !ada Ga#$ar 4.'.+

'a&t !em,a$a%a# fl&da dalam !or&2!or& ,ata#1 ?l&da 'a#( mem,a$a%& aa#

)e#der#( me#em!at& !or&2!or& ,ata# 'a#( le,&% e)&l+ $eda#(a# fl&da t&da

mem,a$a%& )e#der#( me#em!at& !or&2!or& ,ata# 'a#( le,&% ,e$ar1

a . O i l W e t b . W a te r W e t

P o r e s p a c e o c c u p i e d b y H OR o c k a t r i !P o r e s p a c e o c c u p i e d b y O i l

Ga#$ar 4.'.

Pe#$asa"an (!)ida da!a# Pori*pori Ba&)an

@0

Pada mm#'a re$er*o&r ,er$&fat water wet + $e%((a a&r )e#der#( #t

meleat !ada !ermaa# ,ata# $eda#(a# m'a aa# terleta d&a#tara fa$a a&r1

Jad& m'a t&da mem!#'a& (a'a tar&2me#ar& de#(a# ,ata# da# aa# le,&%

mda% me#(al&r1 ar(a .eta,&l&ta$ da# $dt o#ta #'ata da!at d&te#ta#

,erda$ara# arater&$t& !em,a$a%a#+ 'a#( mer!aa# f#($& dar& t%re$%old

!re$$re /Pt01


4/18

Tekanan Kapi!er

Tea#a# a!&ler /P)0 d&def&$&a# $e,a(a& !er,edaa# tea#a# 'a#( ada

a#tara !ermaa# da fl&da 'a#( t&da ter)am!r /)a&ra#2)a&ra# ata )a&ra#2(a$0

$e,a(a& a&,at dar& ter-ad'a !ertema# !ermaa# 'a#( mem&$a%a# eda

fl&da ter$e,t1

Sa&)rasi (!)ida

Be$ar#'a a#d#(a# fl&da 'a#( me#(&$& !or&2!or& ,ata# re$er*o&r

d'ataa# de#(a# $atra$&+ 'a&t !er,a#d(a# a#tara *olme fl&da ter$e,tde#(a# *olme !or&2!or'a1 Pada !or& ,ata# 'a#( ,er&$& fl&da (a$2m'a2a&r+

maa -mla% et&(a $atra$'a adala% $at+ $eda#(a# !ada !or& ,ata# 'a#(

%a#'a ,er&$& (a$ da# m'a+ ata!# a&r da# m'a+ -mla% eda $atra$'a

teta! $at1

Satra$& m'a+ (a$ da# a&r 'a#( terda!at $e,elm -e$& d&mla&

d&$e,t $atra$& a.al /initial saturation01 Be$ar#'a %ar(a $atra$& a.al &

ter(a#t#( dar& ta%a! !rod$'a1 A!a,&la dalam re$er*o&r tela% d&laa# ta%a!

!rod$& !r&mer+ maa $atra$& m'a 'a#( d&t((ala# mer!aa# $atra$&

m'a a.al !rod$& ta%a! eda /$e)o#dar' re)o*er'01

Dis&ri$)si Sa&)rasi se$e!)# In+eksi (!)ida

?l&da 'a#( me#(&$& re$er*o&r ,&a$a#'a t&da terd&$tr&,$& $e)ara merata+

melaa# ,er*ar&a$&1 Pada $aat !rod$& !r&mer+ ter-ad& !e#(ra#(a# $atra$&

fl&da d& $e&tar $mr !rod$&+ $e%((a aa# mem!e#(ar%& $atra$& fl&da

$e)ara e$elr%a#1

4ar&a$& $atra$& fl&da re$er*o&r d&!e#(ar%& ole% arater&$t& ,ata#

re$er*o&r+ a#tara la 3

l&tolo(& ,ata#+

d&$tr&,$& ra# !or& da# d&$tr&,$'a+

dera-at e,a$a%a# ,ata# re$er*o&r+ da#

!o$&$& $trtr1


5/18

Be$ar#'a l,a#( !or&2!or& adala% ,er*ar&a$& #t $et&a! re$er*o&r+

ter(a#t#( -e#&$ ,ata##'a1 Se)ara mm d&,a(& me#-ad& !or&2!or& e)&l+ $eda#(+

da# ,e$ar+ ter(a#t#( -ar&2-ar& l,a#( !or&2!or& ter$e,t1 Jar&2-ar& !or& 'a#( e)&l

)e#der#( #t d&&$& ole% fl&da 'a#( mem,a$a%&+ $eda#(a# #t -ar&2-ar& !or&

'a#( ,e$ar )e#der#( d&&$& ole% fl&da 'a#( t&da mem,a$a%&1 ?l&da 'a#(

mem,a$a%& %a#'a mem,e#t $at f&lm 'a#( t&!&$ !ada dd( !or&2!or'a+

da# a!a,&la -mla% fl&da 'a#( mem,a$a%& %a#'a $ed&&t+ maa fl&da ter$e,t

aa# ,er$a%a #t me#em!at& !or&2!or& 'a#( e)&l1

Dis&ri$)si Sa&)rasi pada saa& Pendesakan

Pada $aat -e$& fl&da mla& d&la$a#aa# melal& $at $mr -e$&+

maa fl&da -e$& ter$e,t aa# me#(&$& !or&2!or& 'a#( $emla d&tem!at& ole%

fl&da 'a#( d&de$a#'a1 ?l&da 'a#( d&de$a ter$e,t aa# ,er$a%a me#-

$mr !rod$& de#(a# me#de$a fl&da 'a#( terde$a d&de!a##'a1

Pada 6o#a tra#$&$& aa# terda!at $at !erem,a#(a# $atra$&+ dar& $atra$&

fl&da !e#de$a d& ,elaa#( da# $atra$& fl&da 'a#( d&de$a d& ,a(&a# de!a##'a1

A!a,&la fl&da 'a#( terda!at d& ma fro#t le,&% dar& $at $e!ert& m'a da# (a$+

maa d&$tr&,$& $atra$& 'a#( ,erada d& de!a# fro#t aa# le,&% om!le$1

Co#to%#'a adala% !ro$e$ !e#de$aa# a&r !ada re$er*o&r solution gas drive1

M'a da# (a$ 'a#( ada dalam re$er*o&r+ eda#'a da!at ,er(era1 Ga$

mm#'a mem!#'a& *&$o$&ta$ 'a#( le,&% e)&l da# mo,&l&ta$ 'a#( le,&% ,e$ar

dar& m'a+ $e%((a (a$ aa# le,&% )e!at ,er(era me#((ala# m'a1

Per,edaa# mo,&l&ta$ & mem,e#t 6o#a terte#t d&de!a# fro#t 'a#( mem!#'a&

$atra$& m'a 'a#( le,&% ,e$ar1 7o#a & d&$e,t 6o#a oil bank 1

Dalam 6o#a tra#$&$& fl&da !e#de$a da# fl&da 'a#( d&de$a+ $atra$& da#

fra$& al&ra# fl&da !e#de$a aa# ,ertam,a% ,e$ar e ara% $mr -e$&+

emd&a# $atra$& da# fra$& al&ra# fl&da 'a#( d&de$a aa# ,ertam,a% ,e$ar e

ara% $mr !rod$&1 Pada ,e,era!a !ro$e$ -e$&+ fl&da 'a#( d&-e$&a# aa#

me#(&$& $ema ra#(a# !or&2!or& d& daera% re$er*o&r 'a#( ter$a!1 Ada -(a

em#(a# ,a%.a fl&da 'a#( d&-e$&a# t&da da!at me#(&$& $ema !or&2


6/18

!or'a+ are#a !or&2!or& ter$e,t d&tem!at& ole% m'a+ a&r ata (a$ 'a#(

mer!aa# $at $atra$& re$&d1

Mo$i!i&as (!)ida

Mo,&l&ta$ fl&da adala% $at ra# 'a#( me##-a# emda%a# $at

fl&da #t me#(al&r melal& med&a ,er!or& de#(a# $at (rad&e# tea#a#

terte#t1 Mo,&l&ta$ ?l&da d&def&$&a# $e,a(a& !er,a#d(a# a#tara !ermea,&l&ta$

efet&f fl&da ter$e,t ter%ada! *&$o$&ta$#'a !ada o#d&$& re$er*o&r+ $e$a&

de#(a# Persa#aan ,4*1-+ $e,a(a& ,er&t 3

f

f f "

µ=λ 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /280

Mo,&l&ta$ mer!aa# f#($& dar& $&fat fl&da ,ata#+ d&ma#a %ar(a#'a

,er*ar&a$& $e$a& de#(a# $atra$&+ tea#a# da# tem!eratr#'a1 Mo,&l&ta$ fl&da

aa# ,er,eda2,eda ter(a#t#( !ada tem!at fl&da &t ,erada da# .at

!ela$a#aa# -e$& fl&da#'a1

Mo,&l&ta$ ra$&o d&def&$&a# $e,a(a& !er,a#d(a# mo,&l&ta$ m'a

de#(a# mo,&l&ta$ fl&da !e#de$a1 Mo,&l&ta$ ra$&o a&r ter%ada! m'a d'ataa#

de#(a# !er$amaa# $e,a(a& ,er&t 3

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F

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" M =

λ

λ= 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /2@0

A$m$&2a$m$& 'a#( d&(#aa# dalam Persa#aan ,4*'- d&ata$ adala% 3

Pe#de$aa##'a $e!ert& !e#de$aa# !&$to# / piston like displacement 0+ 'a&t

$atra$& fl&da 'a#( d&de$a ,erra#( de#(a# ta-am dar& $atra$& a.al

$am!a& de#(a# e $atra$& re$&d#'a $etela% d&lal& ,&da#( front 1

Pada daera% 'a#( ,elm ter$a! ole% fl&da !e#de$a %a#'a terda!at $at

al&ra# fl&da $a-a 'a&t fl&da 'a#( d&de$a+ $eda#(a# !ada daera% 'a#(

ter$a! -(a terda!at al&ra# $at ma)am fl&da 'a&t fl&da 'a#( mer!aa#

fl&da !e#de$a1

Selr% ,ata# re$er*o&r mem!#'a& $!e$&f& !ermea,&l&ta$ 'a#( $ama

/re$er*o&r %omo(e# &$otro!&0


7/18

4&$o$&ta$+ !ermea,&l&ta$ efet&f+ mo,&l&ta$ fl&da !e#de$a da# fl&da

'a#( d&de$a d&a#((a! teta! $elama !e#de$aa# ,erla#($#(1A!a,&la !ro$e$ !e#de$aa##'a ole% fl&da 'a#( ter)am!r+ maa

!ermea,&l&ta$ efet&f fl&da !e#de$a da# fl&da 'a#( d&de$a adala% $ama1

De#(a# dem&&a# mo,&l&ta$ ra$&o#'a da!at d&$eder%a#aa# me#-ad& !er,a#d(a#

*&$o$&ta#'a $a-a1

4.1.1. Eisiensi Pendesakan

Ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# d&def&$&a# $e,a(a& !er,a#d(a# a#tara *olme

%&droar,o# 'a#( da!at d&de$a dar& !or&2!or& de#(a# *olme %&droar,o# total

dalam !or&2!or& ter$e,t1

Pada a$$ !e#de$aa# l&er+ )o#to%#'a med&a ,er!or& ,er,e#t $&lder

da# $ema !or&2!or& d& ,elaa#( fro#t da!at d&&$& ole% fl&da !e#de$a#'a+ maa

ef&$&e#$& *olmetr& aa# me#)a!a& 899: da# %,#(a# mm 'a#(

me##-a# ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# adala% $e,a(a& ,er&t 3

o&

or o&

d S

SS

E

−

= 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /20

Pada $aat da# $e,elm ,reatro(% ter-ad&+ ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa#

d&t#-a# ole% Per$amaa# 3

o&

BTor o&BTd

S

0/SS0/E

−= 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /20

ar(a Sor aa# ,erra#( da# Ed aa# ,ertam,a% de#(a# ter$ ,erlal#'a

6o#a tra#$&$& melal& $mr !rod$&+ $e%((a $etela% 6o#a tra#$&$& & ,erlal

aa# d&!erole% %ar(a Sor m&mm 'a#( mer!aa# %ar(a $atra$& m'a

irreducible da# ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# me#)a!a& %ar(a ma$&mm+ $e$a& de#(a#

Per$amaa# 3

o&

mor o&maFd

S

0/SS0/E

−= 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /2=0


8/18

Pendesakan Tak Ter/a#p)r

Ko#d&$& !e#de$aa# ta ter)am!r ter-ad& !ada fl&da !e#de$a 'a#(

mem!#'a& $&fat t&da me#)am!r /immicible0 de#(a# fl&da !e#de$a1 A!a,&la

fl&da !e#de$a ,er$&fat t&da mem,a$a%&+ maa aa# ter,e#t $at ,&da#( a#tar

!ermaa#+ a#tara fl&da 'a#( mem,a$a%& da# fl&da 'a#( ,er$&fat t&da

mem,a$a%&1

Pro$e$ !e#de$aa# !ada .aterflood( da!at d&ate(or&a# $e,a(a& !ro$e$

!e#de$aa# ta ter)am!r1 A&r 'a#( ,er$&fat t&da mem,a$a%& aa# ,er$a%a

me#em!at& !or&2!or& 'a#( ,e$ar 'a#( $emla d&&$& ole% m'a+ da# ,er$a%ame#ero,o$ m'a e ara% $mr !rod$&1 Jad& dalam !e#de$aa# & t&da

terda!at $at fro#t 'a#( -ela$ a#tara fl&da !e#de$a de#(a# fl&da 'a#( d&de$a+

me$&!# terda!at (rad&e# $atra$& a#tara $mr -e$& de#(a# $mr !rod$&+

teta!& !e#de$aa# & mem!#'a& ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# 'a#( relat&f e)&l $e%((a

ma$&% ,a#'a me#((ala# *olme m'a re$&d1 A!a,&la fl&da !e#de$a

,er$&fat mem,a$a%&+ maa (rad&e# tea#a# !e#de$aa# t&da mtla d&!erla#1

Pro$e$ !e#de$aa# aa# ter$ ,erla#($#( $elama fl&da 'a#( d&de$a ma$&% ter$

me#(al&r %((a d&)a!a& $at eadaa# d&ma#a fl&da 'a#( d&de$a aa#

mer!aa# fa$a t&da o#t' da# mem!#'a& %ar(a !ermea,&l&ta$ efet&f

me#deat& %ar(a #ol 'a#( $da% da!at me#(al&r la(&1

Pro$e$ !e#de$aa# ole% fl&da mem,a$a%& le,&% ef&$&e# -&a d&,a#d(a#

de#(a# !e#de$aa# ole% fl&da 'a#( t&da mem,a$a%&1 al & ter-ad& are#a

ada#'a efe a!&ler+ (rad&e# $atra$& d& ,elaa#( fro#t+ 6o#a tra#$&$& 'a#( $em!&t

da# $atra$& fl&da 'a#( d&-e$& le,&% $em!&t1 A!a,&la fl&da !e#de$a le,&%

*&$)o$ dar&!ada fl&da 'a#( d&de$a /$e!ert& a&r me#de$a (a$ ata m'a

r(a#0 da# !er,edaa# !oro$&ta$ 'a#( terda!at !ada ,ata# re$er*o&r t&da ,e(&t

,a#'a+ maa ,&da#( fro#t aa# le,&% -ela$ #am!a1 Jad& $ema fl&da 'a#(

d&de$a+ ,a& (a$ ata!# m'a aa# me#(al&r d& de!a# fro#t $eda#(a# d&

,elaa#( fro#t %a#'a terda!at $atra$& re$&d dar& fl&da2fl&da 'a#( d&de$a

ter$e,t1


9/18

Per$amaa# 'a#( d&(#aa# #t me#(%&t#( ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa#

d&em,a#(a# !ertama al& ole% Buckley-Leverret emd&a# d&em,a#(a# ole%

,e,era!a !e#l&$ la#'a1

U#t !e#de$aa# $at d&me#$& d& dalam med&a ,er!or&+ fra$& al&ra#

fl&da !e#de$a adala% 3

M0 H/8

PI

M0 H/8

JK($LI

M8

Mf )888

+

∇+

+−

+= 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /250

8r@

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8

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I

IM == 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /2


10/18

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Ga#$ar 4.4.

Proi! Sa&)rasi da!a# Pendesakan Tak Ter/a#p)r Sa&) Di#ensi 50


11/18

Berda$ara# Per$amaa# fra$& al&ra#+ maa fator 'a#( mem!e#(ar%&

!e#de$aa# ta ter)am!r adala% 3

1. Mo$i!i&as rasio

Pada $ !ertama dalam Persa#aan ,4*2-+ 'a#( me##-a# (a'a

*&$)o$ mer!aa# fator 'a#( ,er!e#(ar% !ada fra$& al&ra#1 Pada %ar(a

$atra$& terte#t+ fra$& al&ra# fl&da !e#de$a aa# me#(e)&l !ada

mo,&l&ta$ ra$&o 'a#( e)&l1 A&,at#'a ter-ad& eterlam,ata# ,reat%ro(%

da# me#(ata# ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# !ada *olme 'a#( d&-e$&a#1

De#(a# ata la+ ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# !ada a,o#do#me#t aa# le,&%

t((& !ada mo,&l&ta$ ra$&o 'a#( le,&% e)&l are#a ,erra#(#'a

!rod)( )t dar& fl&da !e#de$a1

'. Gaa Gra3i&asiona!

S eda dalam Persa#aan ,4*2- me#'a-&a# !er,a#d(a# a#tara

(a'a (ra*&ta$&o#al da# (a'a *&$)o$1 al & da!at d&tl&$ la(& $e,a(a&

B&la#(a# Gra*&ta$& /N(0+ adala% 3

[ ]α−+

= $ N88M

Mf

(8 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /20

JK(I N @( = 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /2890

J&a %ar(a /N( $ α0 ,e$ar+ (a'a (ra*&ta$&o#al aa# ,er!e#(ar% ter%ada!

r*a fra$& al&ra#1 ar(a !o$&t&f 'a#( le,&% t((& dar& N( $ α

me#r#a# fra$& al&ra# fl&da !e#de$a !ada $atra$'a1

Pe#(ar% dar& mo,&l&ta$ ra$&o da# (a'a (ra*&ta$&o#al ter%ada! fra$& al&ra#

da!at d&l&%at !ada Ga#$ar 4.5.

0. Tekanan Kapi!er

Pada $ et&(a Persa#aan ,4*2-1+ me##-a# !er,a#d(a# (a'a

a!&ler da# (a'a *&$)o$1 Grad&e# tea#a# a!&ler dalam ara% al&ra# adala%

!o$&t&f+ are#a (rad&e# $atra$& a&r da# tr#a# tea#a# a!&ler ,ere#aa#

de#(a# $atra$& a&r adala% #e(at&f1 Pe#(ar% & aa# le,&% ,e$ar !ada

(rad&e# $atra$& a&r 'a#( le,&% ,e$ar+ $e!ert& !ada daera% d&deat flood

front + $e!ert& terl&%at !ada Ga#$ar 4.21


12/18

" is p l a c i n # F lu i d $ a t u r a t io n

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Ga#$ar 4.5.

Penar)" Mo$i!i&as Rasio dan Gaa Gra3i&asiona!

&er"adap k)r3a (ra/&iona! (!o6 50

I n l e t / n d O u t l e t / n d

2 o 4 a p i l l a r y P r e s s u r e

*" i s t a n c e ( r o I n j e c t i o n W e l l

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Ga#$ar 4.2.

Penar)" Tekanan Kapi!er

&er"adap Proi! Sa&)rasi da!a# Pendesakan Tak Ter/a#p)r 50


13/18

4.1.'. Eisiensi Penap)an

Ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# d&def&$&a# $e,a(a& !er,a#d(a# a#tara la$ daera%

%&droar,o# 'a#( tela% d&de$a d& de!a# fro#t de#(a# la$ daera% %&droar,o#

$elr% re$er*o&r ata de#(a# la$ daera% %&droar,o# 'a#( terda!at !ada $at

!ola1

4.1.'.1. Eisiensi Penap)an Area!

Ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# areal d&def&$&a# $e,a(a& !er,a#d(a# a#tara

la$a# re$er*o&r 'a#( o#ta de#(a# fl&da !e#de$a ter%ada! la$ areal total ata

fra$&o#al dar& re$er*o&r 'a#( ter$a! ole% fl&da -e$&1

(ak&or 7ak)pan ,7o3erae (a/&or-

Pada !ola $mr 'a#( teratr+ ef&$&e#$& ter$e,t da!at d&!er&raa# $e,a(a&

f#($& dar& ,e#t !ola+ *olme !or& 'a#( d&-e$&a# da# !er,a#d(a#

mo,&l&ta$1 Ke(&ata# !erole%a# m'a ta%a! la#-t t&da $ema#'a me#((#aa#

!ola $mr teratr+ $e%((a ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# areal aa# me#r# de#(a#

ada#'a coverage factor 1

Coverage factor /fator )a!a#0 adala% !er,a#d(a# $eder%a#a a#tara

*olme re$er*o&r d&dalam !ola $mr 'a#( teratr de#(a# *olme re$er*o&r total

0+ $e!ert& terl&%at !ada Ga#$ar 4.81 4olme re$er*o&r d&(#aa# $e,a(a&

!e#((a#t& areal #t mema$a# *ar&a$& ete,ala# la!&$a#1

Kore!asi Eisiensi Penap)an Area!

U#t !ola2!ola $mr teratr d& dalam re$er*o&r 'a#( %omo(e#+

d&!erla# orela$& ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# areal1 Korela$& & d&!er$&a!a# #t

!e#(-&a# !e#de$aa# da# d&,a#t de#(a# ,e,era!a !ert&m,a#(a# a#al&t&1

Ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# areal !ada *olme !or& 'a#( tela% d&-e$&+ aa#

,erra#( de#(a# #a&#'a !er,a#d(a# mo,&l&ta$1 Per,a#d(a# mo,&l&ta$ aa#

me#(at de#(a# #a&#'a *olme 'a#( tela% d&-e$&a#+ $e%((a %ar(a a%&r

#t ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# areal aa# d&am,&l !ada %ar(a *olme !or& 'a#( tela%

d&-e$&a# d&%,#(a# de#(a# l&m&t( )t 'a#( d&te#ta# dalam !rod$&1


14/18

To t a l A r e aR e s e r 5 o i r 6 o l u e

- 6 t

4 o n 7 n e d A re a

R e s e r 5 o i r 6 o l u e- 6 c

4 o 5 e r a # e F a c t o r 3 6 t 8 6 c

Ga#$ar 4.8.

(ak&or 7ak)pan ,Coverage Factor - 50

ar(a ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# 'a#( d&te#ta# dar& orela$& t&da da!at

me##-a# ,e,era!a anisotropi /*ar&a$& !ermea,&l&ta$ d&re)t&o#al0 ata

%etero(e#&ta$1 U#t a$$ d&ma#a terda!at fator ter$e,t+ te#& $&mla$&

re$er*o&r %ar$ d&!aa& #t me#da!ata# !eramala# ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# areal

'a#( mem,er&a# %a$&l 'a#( le,&% ,a&1

Pada e,a#'aa# orela$& !e#'a!a# areal+ !er,a#d(a# mo,&l&ta$

d&%&t#( de#(a# memaa& !ermea,&l&ta$ relat&f end-point + ,&a$a#'a d&!aa&

mo,&l&ta$ ra$&o rata2rata+ 'a#( d&rm$a# $e,a(a& ,er&t 3

ar@r8

,r@r8

0I/I

0I/IM

+

+= 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /2880

Penar)" 9is/o)s (inerin

?ro#t !e#de$aa# 'a#( t&da $ta,&l aa# me#'e,a,a# fl&da !e#de$a

ter$em,l d& dalam le,ar finger 'a#( e)&l mele.at& fl&da terde$a1 Se,a(a&

%a$&l#'a fl&da terde$a tert((al d& ,elaa#( fro#t !e#de$aa#1 Keadaa# $e!ert&

& ter-ad& a&,at ada#'a !ro$e$ !e#de$aa# d& dalam re$er*o&r 'a#( %omo(e# da#


15/18

terle,&% la(& !ada %etero(e#&ta$ re$er*o&r1 Viscous fingering ,er%,#(a# de#(a#

!er,edaa# *&$o$&ta$ a#tara fl&da !e#de$a de#(a# fl&da terde$a1

Model o#$e!tal 'a#( d&(#aa# #t me#(%&t#( !e#(ar% viscous

fingering adala% de#(a# memod&f&a$& Per$amaa# al&ra# fra$&o#al+ de#(a#

mema$a# tra#$fer ma$$a a#tara fl&da2fl&da d& $e!a#-a#( finger +

memod&f&a$& *&$o$&ta$ fl&da+ de#(a# mem!ert&m,a#(a# !e#)am!ra# fl&da

da# me#(om,a$&a# !e#(ar% d&$!er$& de#(a# fingering. Pe#(ar% viscous

fingering !ada !ro$e$ !e#de$aa# me#e#ta# ef&$&e#$& !e#de$a#1 Pada o#d&$&

ter$e,t+ ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# *ert&al da# areal t&da mem,t%a# !e#'e$a&a#

ter%ada! !e#(ar% viscous fingering 1

J&a ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# t&da mema$a# !e#(ar% ter$e,t+ da#

ter#'ata d&eta%& !e#(ar% ter$e,t ada+ maa %ar$ d&laa# ,e,era!a

!e#'e$a&a# #t ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# *ert&al da# areal1 Per,edaa# a#tara da

o#d&$& ter$e,t d&(am,ara# !ada Ga#$ar 4.:1 J&a !e#(ar% *&$)o$ f(er(

d&ma$a# dalam ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa#+ maa *olme 'a#( ter$a! $ama de#(a#

daera% ter*a$& /invaded region01 J&a ef&$&e#$& !e#de$aa# t&da mema$a#

!e#(ar% ter$e,t+ maa *olme !e#'a!a# %a#'a mer!aa# daera% 'a#(

tere#a o#ta de#(a# fl&da !e#de$a1

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4 o n t a c t e dR e # i o n

Ga#$ar 4.:.

Per$edaan an&ara In3aded Reion dan 7on&a/&ed Reion

50


16/18

4.1.'.'. Eisiensi Penap)an 9er&ika!

Ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# *ert&al adala% fra$& dar& ,a(&a# *ert&al !ada

re$er*o&r 'a#( ter$a! ole% fl&da -e$&1 Ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# *ert&al

d&!e#(ar%& ole% (ra*&ta$& da# %etero(e#&ta$ la!&$a# re$er*o&r1 Pe#(ar% (ra*&ta$&

d&$e,a,a# ole% !er,edaa# de#$&ta$ a#tara fl&da !e#de$a de#(a# fl&da

terde$a1 Jad& !e#(ar% (ra*&ta$& da!at ter-ad& d& $ema re$er*o&r /%omo(e# da#

%etero(e#01 Ga$ aa# me#da%l& m'a le.at ,a(&a# ata$ /overrides0 da# a&r

aa# me#da%l& m'a !ada ,a(&a# ,a.a% /underruns0+ are#a &t ter-ad&

breakthrough le,&% a.al d& ,a(&a# ata$ da# ,a.a% re$er*o&r1 Se)ara teor&+$ta,&l&ta$ fro#t !e#de$aa# da# $dt e ara% ma#a me#(%ada! /ter%ada! ara%

al&ra#0 ,er%,#(a# de#(a# la- !e#(-e$&a#+ mo,&l&ta$ fl&da da# !er,edaa#

de#$&ta$1 Ga#$ar 4.; me##-a# ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# *ert&al $e,a(a& f#($&

!er,a#d(a# mo,&l&ta$ da# N(%L /!er,a#d(a# ,&la#(a# (ra*&ta$ d&al&a#

ete,ala# ter%ada! !a#-a#(01 Per,a#d(a# mo,&l&ta$ 'a#( t((& da# ,&la#(a#

(ra*&ta$& 'a#( ,e$ar me##-a# re#da%#'a ef&$&e#$& !e#'a!a# *ert&al !ada

$aat breakthrough1

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Ga#$ar 4.;.

Penar)" Mo$i!i&as Rasio dan Gra3i&asi

&er"adap Eisiensi Penap)an 9er&ika! 50


17/18

J&a re$er*o&r me##-a# *ar&a$& !ermea,&l&ta$ da# !oro$&ta$ ter%ada!

edalama#+ %etero(e#&ta$ la!&$a#+ flood front aa# ter!e#(ar% ole% *ar&a$&

ter$e,t1 ?l&da !e#de$a aa# ,er(era le,&% )e!at d&la!&$a# de#(a#

!ermea,&l&ta$ 'a#( t((& da# breakthrough ter-ad& le,&% a.al dalam $mr

!rod$&1 Ga#$ar 4.1


18/18

Pe#(ar% !er,a%a# $&fat ,ata# e ara% *ert&al d'ataa# de#(a#

ada#'a !erla!&$a# dalam re$er*o&r 'a#( $&fat ,ata##'a ,er,eda tertama

!ermea,&l&ta$#'a1 Pe#(ar% !erla!&$a# ter%ada! ,&da#( front ata 6o#a tra#$&$&

adala% ,&da#( fro#t aa# ,er(era le,&% )e!at !ada daera% de#(a# !ermea,&l&ta$

'a#( t((&+ $e%((a ,reat%ro(% a&r aa# le,&% da%l ter-ad& !ada la!&$a# 'a#(

le,&% !ermea,el1 Pe#(ar% !erla!&$a# ter%ada! !e#e#ta# ef&$&e#$& *a$&

d&t#-a# !ada Ga#$ar 4.11.

'=

>=

%= Z o n a M i n y a k

Z o n a Tr a n s is i

'= %= >=

- a Ta n p a = o u n i k a s i d a n 4 r o s s F lo )

'=

>=

%= Z o n a M i n y a k

Z o n a Tr a n s is i

- b " e n # a n = o u n i k a s i d a n 4 r o s s F lo )

Ga#$ar 4.11.

Penar)" Per!apisan dan Ko#)nikasi

an&ar !apisan &er"adap Pendesakan !)ida 50

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