Sign of Cancers

8/3/2019 Sign of Cancers

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ALLAH

The most Beneficent and the most Merciful


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Dr. Noor Muhammad SoomroConsultant Clinical Oncologist


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Cancer,,,,,,,

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by

uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.

If the spread is not controlled, it can result in

death.


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TYPES OF CANCER

Cancer

Benign Malignant


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TYPES OF CANCERMalignant: is cancerous. Malignant tumors

can invade and destroy nearby tissue andspread to other parts of the body.

Benign: is not cancerous. Benign tumorsmay grow larger but do not spread to other

parts of the body.


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BENIGN V/S MALIGNANTBenign

It is not harmful.

It is not spreading

Does not invade surrounding

tissues.

Malignant

It is harmful tumor.

Tendency to spread.

Malignant tumors are

Tendency to spread to invade.


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SIGN OF CANCERS

CAUTION

C

A

U

T

I

O

N

Change in bowel or bladder habits

A wound,does not heal

Unusual bleeding or discharge

Thickening or a lump in a breast (or elsewhere)

Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing

Obvious change in a wart or mole

Nagging cough or hoarseness


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Causes of Cancer

Smoking:

Diet:

Genetics

Occupational & Environment Infectious Agents :


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MAJOR MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS

* Tobacco useTobacco use is the main cause of cancers of the lung,

larynx, oral cavity, and esophagus, and a major cause ofbladder and pancreas cancers.


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CANCER PREVENTION

DIET

Avoid obesity

Reduce total fat intake

Eat more high-fiber foods

TOBACCO

Stop smoking

RADIATION

Limit exposure to X-rays

OCCUPATION

Avoid high-risk occupationsif possible (e.g. printing,chemicals, textile workers,

coal or asbestos mining) Minimize exposure to

carcinogensin the workplace

SUNLIGHT Avoid excessive exposure/

use sunscreens


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BIOLOGICAL MODEL


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WHAT IS BREAST CANCER?

Definition : Cancer that forms in tissues of thebreast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to

the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). Itoccurs in both men and women, although malebreast cancer is rare.


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2nd

leading cause of death 2nd most common cancer

Incidence increases with age

All women are at risk

Breast Cancer Facts


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BREAST CANCER

SPREAD TO LYMPH NODES

Supraclavicular

Subclavicular

Distal (upper)

axillary

Central (middle)axillary

Proximal (lower)

axillary

Mediastinal

Internal mammary

Interpectoral

(Rotters)


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GENDER - All

women areat risk

Age

Family/PersonalHistory

Reproductive

History

MenstrualHistoryRace

Genetic

Factors

Breast Cancer Risk Factors

that cannot be changed

Radiation

Treatment with

DES Cont


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Allwomen areat risk

Obesity

Breastfeeding

Not havingchildren

Birth ControlPills

AlcoholHormone

Replacement

Therapy

ExerciseAllwomen are

at risk

Obesity

Breastfeeding

Not havingchildren

Birth ControlPills

AlcoholHormone

Replacement

Therapy

Breast Cancer Risk Factorsthat can be controlled

Exercise

Cont


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FACTORS THAT PUT WOMEN

AT HIGH RISK

A BRCA gene mutation

A very strong family history of breast cancer,

such as a mother or sister who wasdiagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 oryounger

A personal history of breast cancer, LCIS, or

atypical hyperplasia

Past exposure to treatment-dose ionizingradiation during childhood or young adulthood


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PAKISTAN PRESENT SCENARIO Approximately 1 in 8 of Pakistani womenwill suffer from breast cancer at some

point in their lives.

Highest rate of breast cancer any Asianpopulation

40,000 deaths per year.

Treating menopausal symptoms with thehormone combination of estrogen andprogesterone for four or more years

increases your risk of breast cancer


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DOES BIOPSY SPREAD CANCER?


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BREAST BIOPSYFNAC Excision Biopsy


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STAGING WORKUP


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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.californiawinehikes.com/winehiker/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/question_mark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://askville.amazon.com/running-questions-kill-forget-Askville-walk/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=9522090&h=1000&w=1000&sz=178&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=LFw_BvJJ44ADkM:&tbnh=149&tbnw=149&prev=/images?q=question+?&gbv=2&hl=en


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TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

Depends on stage of disease


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TREATMENT

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Targeted therapy ( Herceptin)

Hormonal Therapy ( ER & PR)

Radiation therapy


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To keep a lamp burning, we

have to keep putting oil in itMother Teresa


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THANK YOU

Documents

Sign of Cancers