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8/3/2019 Sign of Cancers
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ALLAH
The most Beneficent and the most Merciful
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Dr. Noor Muhammad SoomroConsultant Clinical Oncologist
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Cancer,,,,,,,
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by
uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
If the spread is not controlled, it can result in
death.
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TYPES OF CANCER
Cancer
Benign Malignant
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TYPES OF CANCERMalignant: is cancerous. Malignant tumors
can invade and destroy nearby tissue andspread to other parts of the body.
Benign: is not cancerous. Benign tumorsmay grow larger but do not spread to other
parts of the body.
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BENIGN V/S MALIGNANTBenign
It is not harmful.
It is not spreading
Does not invade surrounding
tissues.
Malignant
It is harmful tumor.
Tendency to spread.
Malignant tumors are
Tendency to spread to invade.
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SIGN OF CANCERS
CAUTION
C
A
U
T
I
O
N
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A wound,does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or a lump in a breast (or elsewhere)
Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
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Causes of Cancer
Smoking:
Diet:
Genetics
Occupational & Environment Infectious Agents :
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MAJOR MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
* Tobacco useTobacco use is the main cause of cancers of the lung,
larynx, oral cavity, and esophagus, and a major cause ofbladder and pancreas cancers.
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CANCER PREVENTION
DIET
Avoid obesity
Reduce total fat intake
Eat more high-fiber foods
TOBACCO
Stop smoking
RADIATION
Limit exposure to X-rays
OCCUPATION
Avoid high-risk occupationsif possible (e.g. printing,chemicals, textile workers,
coal or asbestos mining) Minimize exposure to
carcinogensin the workplace
SUNLIGHT Avoid excessive exposure/
use sunscreens
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BIOLOGICAL MODEL
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WHAT IS BREAST CANCER?
Definition : Cancer that forms in tissues of thebreast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to
the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). Itoccurs in both men and women, although malebreast cancer is rare.
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2nd
leading cause of death 2nd most common cancer
Incidence increases with age
All women are at risk
Breast Cancer Facts
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BREAST CANCER
SPREAD TO LYMPH NODES
Supraclavicular
Subclavicular
Distal (upper)
axillary
Central (middle)axillary
Proximal (lower)
axillary
Mediastinal
Internal mammary
Interpectoral
(Rotters)
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GENDER - All
women areat risk
Age
Family/PersonalHistory
Reproductive
History
MenstrualHistoryRace
Genetic
Factors
Breast Cancer Risk Factors
that cannot be changed
Radiation
Treatment with
DES Cont
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Allwomen areat risk
Obesity
Breastfeeding
Not havingchildren
Birth ControlPills
AlcoholHormone
Replacement
Therapy
ExerciseAllwomen are
at risk
Obesity
Breastfeeding
Not havingchildren
Birth ControlPills
AlcoholHormone
Replacement
Therapy
Breast Cancer Risk Factorsthat can be controlled
Exercise
Cont
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FACTORS THAT PUT WOMEN
AT HIGH RISK
A BRCA gene mutation
A very strong family history of breast cancer,
such as a mother or sister who wasdiagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 oryounger
A personal history of breast cancer, LCIS, or
atypical hyperplasia
Past exposure to treatment-dose ionizingradiation during childhood or young adulthood
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PAKISTAN PRESENT SCENARIO Approximately 1 in 8 of Pakistani womenwill suffer from breast cancer at some
point in their lives.
Highest rate of breast cancer any Asianpopulation
40,000 deaths per year.
Treating menopausal symptoms with thehormone combination of estrogen andprogesterone for four or more years
increases your risk of breast cancer
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DOES BIOPSY SPREAD CANCER?
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BREAST BIOPSYFNAC Excision Biopsy
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STAGING WORKUP
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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.californiawinehikes.com/winehiker/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/question_mark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://askville.amazon.com/running-questions-kill-forget-Askville-walk/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=9522090&h=1000&w=1000&sz=178&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=LFw_BvJJ44ADkM:&tbnh=149&tbnw=149&prev=/images?q=question+?&gbv=2&hl=en8/3/2019 Sign of Cancers
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TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER
Depends on stage of disease
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TREATMENT
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Targeted therapy ( Herceptin)
Hormonal Therapy ( ER & PR)
Radiation therapy
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To keep a lamp burning, we
have to keep putting oil in itMother Teresa
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THANK YOU