SIAE ALFO Plus - User Manual

ALFOPlusAccess Link Full Outdoor

User manual

MN.00273.E - 001Volume 1/1

The information contained in this handbook is subject to change without notice.

Property of Siae Microelettronica S.p.A. All rights reserved according to the law and according to the inter-national regulations. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from Siae Microelettronica S.p.A.

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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 1

ALFOPlus

Section 1.USER GUIDE 5

1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ............................................................................... 5

2 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND SAFETY RULES .......................................... 6

2.1 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK..................................................................... 6

2.1.1 Artificial respiration .................................................................................. 6

2.1.2 Treatment of burns .................................................................................. 6

2.2 SAFETY RULES .................................................................................................. 7

2.3 CORRECT DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT (Waste electrical & electronic equipment) ..... 9

3 PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL............................................................10

3.1 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL.................................................................................10

3.2 AUDIENCE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ..........................................................................10

3.3 STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL .............................................................................10

Section 2.DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECIFICATION 13

4 LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................13

4.1 LIST OF ACRONYMS..........................................................................................13

5 PRESENTATION OF ALFOPlus RADIO SYSTEM ..........................................................15

5.1 GENERAL.........................................................................................................15

5.2 APPLICATIONS .................................................................................................15

5.2.1 Functionality ..........................................................................................16

5.3 PROGRAMMABILITY ..........................................................................................16

5.4 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................17

5.5 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ..............................................................................22

6 DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFOPlus26

6.1 GENERAL.........................................................................................................26

6.2 DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................26

2 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

6.2.1 Baseband processor ................................................................................27

6.2.2 TRX Transceiver unit ...............................................................................27

6.2.3 Firmware ...............................................................................................27

6.2.4 Web Lct .................................................................................................27

6.2.5 Switch for Ethernet ports .........................................................................28

6.2.6 Synchronisation......................................................................................29

6.2.7 Adaptive code modulation ........................................................................30

6.2.8 ATPC and ACM interaction ........................................................................31

6.3 LOOPS ............................................................................................................32

6.4 ALARM SYSTEM ................................................................................................33

6.5 CHARACTERISTICS ...........................................................................................34

6.5.1 Electrical characteristics...........................................................................34

6.5.2 Line Interface Characteristics....................................................................41

6.5.3 Power supply and cable ...........................................................................51

6.5.4 Size ......................................................................................................51

6.5.5 Weights .................................................................................................51

6.5.6 Environmental conditions .........................................................................51

Section 3.INSTALLATION 55

7 INSTALLATION OF ALFOPlus SYSTEM ......................................................................55

7.1 GENERAL INFORMATION TO BE READ BEFORE THE INSTALLATION..........................55

7.2 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED) .............................................56

7.3 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE...............................................................................56

7.3.1 Standard coupling kit ..............................................................................56

7.4 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA .............57

7.4.1 ODU (Standard Lock) ..............................................................................57

7.4.1.1 1+0 ODU with integrated antenna ..............................................57

7.4.1.2 1+1 ODU with integrated antenna ..............................................58

7.5 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA...............58

7.5.1 ODU (Standard Lock) ..............................................................................58

7.5.1.1 1+0 ODU with separated antenna...............................................59

7.5.1.2 1+1 ODU with separated antenna...............................................60

7.5.1.3 Waveguide towards the antenna.................................................60

7.6 GROUNDING ....................................................................................................61

7.7 USER CONNECTORS..........................................................................................67

Section 4.LINE-UP 71

8 LINE-UP OF ALFOPlus SYSTEM .................................................................................71

8.1 GENERAL.........................................................................................................71

8.2 SWITCH ON .....................................................................................................71

8.3 ALARM LED CHECK ...........................................................................................72

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 3

8.4 CONNECTION PROCEDURE.................................................................................72

8.5 FIRST CONFIGURATION.....................................................................................73

8.6 OPTIMIZING ANTENNA ALIGNMENT WITH RX MEASUREMENT.................................75

8.7 ODU ACCESSING AND REMOTE MANAGEMENT......................................................78

8.8 FIRMWARE ......................................................................................................78

8.9 ADAPTIVE MODULATION....................................................................................79

Section 5.MAINTENANCE 83

9 ALFOPlus ALARMS AND LOOPS.................................................................................83

9.1 GENERAL.........................................................................................................83

9.2 ALARMS ..........................................................................................................83

9.2.1 Alarm indications ....................................................................................83

9.2.2 SCT/WebLCT displayed alarms..................................................................84

10 ALFOPlus MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................87

10.1 GENERAL.........................................................................................................87

10.2 MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................87

10.2.1 Periodical checks ....................................................................................87

10.2.2 Corrective maintenance (troubleshooting) ..................................................88

10.3 TROUBLESHOOTING .........................................................................................88

10.3.1 Faulty condition detection ........................................................................88

10.3.2 Troubleshooting of a faulty unit ................................................................89

Section 6.PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION 91

11 PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION.........................................................................91

11.1 GENERAL.........................................................................................................91

11.2 SUPERVISION THROUGH ETHERNET....................................................................91

11.2.1 General .................................................................................................92

11.2.2 Configurations ........................................................................................92

11.2.3 "Transparent in-band" management ..........................................................93

11.2.4 "VLAN based in-band" management ..........................................................94

11.2.5 "VLAN based In-band" drop node ..............................................................94

11.2.6 "Out-of-band" management .....................................................................95

11.2.7 Configurability ........................................................................................95

11.2.8 Address .................................................................................................95

11.2.9 Restore supervisioning access mode ..........................................................95

4 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

Section 7.COMPOSITION 97

12 COMPOSITION .........................................................................................................97

12.1 GENERALS.......................................................................................................97

12.2 ALFOPlus SYSTEM IDENTIFYING LABEL................................................................97

12.3 AVAILABLE ALFOPlus VERSIONS .........................................................................97

12.4 ODU INSTALLATION KIT ....................................................................................99

Section 8.LISTS AND SERVICES 101

13 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................101

14 LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................105

15 ASSISTANCE SERVICE............................................................................................107

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 5

Section 1.USER GUIDE

1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Via Buonarroti, 21 - Cologno (MI) - Italy

DECLARESTHAT THE PRODUCTS

Digital Radio Relay System ALFOPlus

comply with the essential requirements of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive (1999/05/EC)

and therefore are marked:

The following standards have been applied:

IEEE 802.3 for Ethernet interface

EN 301 489-4 for EMC

EN 60950 for operator safety

EN 302 217 for digital point to point fixed radio

EN 300 132-2 characteristics of power supply

EN 300 019 climatic characteristics (in operation: class 4.1 for ODU; storing: class 1.2; transport: class2.3)

The equipment makes use of non-harmonized frequency bands.Following the requirementsof the R&TTE Directive (article 12) and the relevant decision of the EC, in term of classifica-tion of Radio Equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and associated iden-

tifiers, the ALFO shall carry the 'class 2' identifier:

Cologno Monzese, 17/03/2008 On behalf of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Chairman and Executive Officer Alberto Mascetti

6 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

2 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND SAFETY RULES

2.1 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Do not touch the bare hands until the circuit has been opened. pen the circuit by switching off the lineswitches. If that is not possible protect yourself with dry material and free the patient from the con-ductor.

2.1.1 Artificial respiration

It is important to start mouth resuscitation at once and to call a doctor immediately. suggested procedurefor mouth to mouth resuscitation method is described in the Tab.1.

2.1.2 Treatment of burns

This treatment should be used after the patient has regained consciousness. It can also be employed whileartificial respiration is being applied (in this case there should be at least two persons present).

Warning

Do not attempt to remove clothing from burnt sections

Apply dry gauze on the burns

Do not apply ointments or other oily substances.

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 7

Tab.1 - Artificial respiration

2.2 SAFETY RULES

When the equipment units are provided with the plate, shown in Fig.1, it means that they contain compo-nents electrostatic charge sensitive.

Step Description Figure

1

Lay the patient on his back with his arms parallel to the body. If the patient is laying on an inclined plane, make sure that his

stomach is slightly lower than his chest. Open the patients mouth and check that there is no foreign matter in mouth (den-

tures, chewing gum, etc.).

2

Kneel beside the patient level with his head. Put an hand under the patients head and one under his neck.

Lift the patients head and let it recline backwards as far as possible.

3

Shift the hand from the patients neck to his chin and his mouth, the index along his jawbone, and keep the other fingers

closed together.

While performing these operations take a good supply of oxy-gen by taking deep breaths with your mouth open

4

With your thumb between the patients chin and mouth keep his lips together and blow into his nasal cavities

5

While performing these operations observe if the patients chest rises. If not it is possible that his nose is blocked: in that case open the patients mouth as much as possible by pressing on his chin with your hand, place your lips around his mouth and blow into his oral cavity. Observe if the patients chest heaves. This second method can be used instead of the first even when the patients nose is not obstructed, provided his

nose is kept closed by pressing the nostrils together using the hand you were holding his head with. The patients head must

be kept sloping backwards as much as possible.

6

Start with ten rapid expirations, hence continue at a rate of twelve/fifteen expirations per minute. Go on like this until the patient has regained consciousness, or until a doctor has as-

certained his death.

8 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

Fig.1 - Components electrostatic charge sensitive indication

In order to prevent the units from being damaged while handling, it is advisable to wear an elasticized band(Fig.2) around the wrist ground connected through coiled cord (Fig.3).

Fig.2 - Elasticized band

Fig.3 - Coiled cord

The units showing the label, shown in Fig.4, include laser diodes and the emitted power can be dangerousfor eyes; avoid exposure in the direction of optical signal emission.

Fig.4 - Laser indication

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 9

2.3 CORRECT DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT (Waste electrical & electronic equipment)

(Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with separate collection systems). Thismarking of Fig.5 shown on the product or its literature, indicates that it should not be disposed with otherhousehold wastes at the end of its working life. To prevent possible harm to the environment or humanhealth from uncontrolled waste disposal, please separate this from other types of wastes and recycle itresponsibly to promote the sustainable reuse of material resources. Household users should contact eitherthe retailer where they purchased this product, or their local government office, for details of where andhow they can take this item for environmentally safe recycling. Business users should contact their supplierand check the terms and conditions of the purchase contract. This product should not be mixed with othercommercial wastes for disposal.

Fig.5 - WEEE symbol - 2002/96/CE EN50419

10 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

3 PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL

3.1 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL

The purpose of this manual consists in providing for the user information which permit to operate andmaintain the ALFOPlus radio equipment.

Warning: This manual does not include information relevant to the SCT/WebLCT management programwindows and relevant application. They will provided by the program itself as helpon line.

3.2 AUDIENCE BASIC KNOWLEDGE

The following knowledge and skills are required to operate the equipment:

a basic understanding of microwave transmission

installation and maintenance experience on digital radio system

a good knowledge of IP networks and routing policy.

3.3 STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL

The manual is subdivided into sections each of them developing a specific topic entitling the section.

Each section consists of a set of chapters, enlarging the main subject master.

Section 1 User Guide

It provides the information about the main safety rules and expounds the purpose and the structure of themanual.

Section 2 Description and specifications

It describes a general overview of the typical applications and in particular of the whole radio equipment.

Section 3 Installation

The mechanical installation procedures are herein set down as well as the user electrical connections.

The content of the tool kit (if supplied) is also listed.

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 11

Section 4 LineUp

Lineup procedures are described as well as checks to be carried out for the equipment correct operation.The list of the instruments to be used and their characteristics are also set down.

Section 5 Maintenance

The routine maintenance actions are described as well as fault location procedures in order to identify thefaulty unit and to reestablish the operation after its replacement with a spare one.

Section 6 Programming and supervision

The ALFOPlus radio is programmed and supervised using different software tools. Some of them are al-ready available, some other will be available in the future. This section lists the tools implemented andindicates if descriptions are already available.

Each description of software tools is supplied in a separated manual.

Section 7 Composition

Position, part numbers of the components the equipment consist of, are shown in this section.

Section 8 Indexes and services

Lists of figures, list of tables and assistance service are shown in this section.

12 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 13

Section 2.DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECIFICATION

4 LIST OF ACRONYMS

4.1 LIST OF ACRONYMS

What follows is a list of acronyms used in this handbook:

- ACM Adaptive Code Modulation

- AGC Automatic Gain Control

- ATPC Automatic Transmitted Power Control

- BBP Base Band Processor

- BER Bit Error Rate

- CBS Committed Burst Size

- CF Coupling Flag

- CIR Committed Information Rate

- CoS Class of Service

- CVID Customer VLAN Identifier

- DSCP Differentiated Serviced Code Point

- EBS Excess Burst Size

- EIR Excess Information Rate

- ELP Ethernet Line Protection

- EVC Ethernet Virtual Connection

- FPGA Field Programmable Gate-Array

- IP ToS Type of Service IP

- LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol or Link Trunk

14 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

- LAN Local Area Network

- LLF Link Loss Forwarding

- LNA Low Noise Amplifier

- MAC Media Access Control

- MDI Medium Dependent Interface

- MDX Medium Dependent Interface Crossover

- MEF Metro Ethernet Forum

- NE Network Element

- OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance

- ODU Outdoor Unit

- PLL Phase Locked Loop

- POE Power Over Ethernet

- PToS Priority Type of Service

- QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

- RED Random Early Drop

- RF Radio Frequency

- RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

- RX Direction from antenna to user

- SCT Subnetwork Craft Terminal

- SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

- SVID Service VLAN Identifier

- TX Direction from user to antenna

- UNI User Network Interface

- VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator

- VID Virtual Lan Identifier

- VLAN Virtual LAN

- WEBLCT WEB Local Craft Terminal

- WRR Weighted Round Robin

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 15

5 PRESENTATION OF ALFOPLUS RADIO SYSTEM

5.1 GENERAL

ALFOPlus is a full-outdoor and full IP digital radio system for point-to-point applications, used for high ca-pacity Ethernet transport (1 Gbps). The frequency range is from 6 GHz up to 42 GHz with hitless adaptivecode modulation (from 4QAM up to 1024QAM).

There are two available versions for ALFOPlus: Gigabit Electrical (GE) and Gigabit Optical (GO). This doc-ument provides a general overview of ALFOPlus (Access Link Full Outdoor) radio equipment.

5.2 APPLICATIONS

ALFOPlus is the ideal solution in urban environments foe all carrier-class applications in which the typicalrequirements are Ethernet connections:

full IP radio, providing the foundation for a leading edge network

fully integrable with 3G, 4G, LTE nodes and backhaul

ideal for a fast and flexible evolution towards full IP network

complementary solutions for fibre deploy

last mile fibre extension for business customers

ISP high capacity and performance, for LAN-to-LAN connections

emergency wireless links

zero footprint applications

ALFOPlus doesnt need any indoor unit; power supply can be directly by POE+ through the data cable orthrough a dedicated auxiliary port. Its available 1+0 or 1+1 radio system configurable via software fol-lowing two versions of ALFOPlus:

Electrical Gigabit Version

- 1x10/100/1000BaseT traffic port (in-band management is also available) with clock and syn-chronism recovery

- 1x10/100/1000BaseT supervision port with clock and synchronism recovery

Optical Gigabit Version

- 1x100/1000BaseX traffic port (In-Band management is also available) with clock and synchro-nism recovery

- 1x100/1000BaseT supervision port with clock and synchronism recovery.

16 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

5.2.1 Functionality

SIAE ALFOPlus radio system presents the same functionalities of a switch (Layer 2).

ALFOPlus radio system is able to forward Virtual LAN in transparent way or to manage incoming traffic fil-tering it or tagging it or dividing it in different VLAN. Traffic Flow control and Traffic priority capabilities canbe enabled or disabled via LAN software.

ALFOPlus Ethernet switch functionality:

MAC switching, Learning and Ageing

Jumbo Frame up to 10 kbytes

MEF 10.2 bandwidth profiles for Ethernet Services

802.1Q VLAN/VLAN stacking QinQ and VLAN rewriting

IEEE 802.3x Flow control

Flexible QoS based on VLAN (IEEE 802.1p), MPLS Exp BIT, ToS/DSCP (IPV4 or IPV6) per Port,802.1p rewrite with MPLS

Queue Packet with Drop Policy: Tail Drop, Queue Drop, Red, Wred/Strict, WFQ, Mixed

Ethernet Frame Fragmentation

Advanced multi-layer 1/2/3/4 header compressor algorithm

IEEE 802.1d STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)

IEEE 802.1v RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol)

IEEE 802.1ag OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance)/ITU-T y.1731/IEEE 802.3 ah

IEEE 802.3ad LACP - Link Aggregation Control Protocol or Trunking Line or Link Aggregation

IEEE 802.3af PoE - Power over Ethernet Enhanced

Complete Synchronisation Management (IEEE 1588)

ELP (Ethernet Line Protection)

LLF (Link Loss Forwarding)

Selective Rmon Statistics Based VLAN and Priority

5.3 PROGRAMMABILITY

ALFOPlus radio system is managed by a microprocessor that makes it totally programmable via softwareto perform the following functions:

radio link management

- capacity and modulation

- Link ID

- Tx frequency and power

- ATPC (Automatic Transmission Power Control)

main management

- IP port configurable and supervisioning

- routing table

- remote element list

- alarm severity configuration (modify alarm)

- user manager (password, user, SNMP login)

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 17

operation and maintenance

- Rx signal threshold alarm

- performance monitoring (G.828, Rx PWR, Tx PWR, ACM) with alarm threshold

- S/N measure

- LAN summary, statistic basis on port, VLAN or Priority

- back-up/restore configuration

- software update

- report&logger maintenance (inventory, faul, commands)

- SNTP alignment

manual operations (depends on timeout)

- Tx transmitter OFF

- force switch synch

- radio BER test

- radio loop

Ethernet switch management and functionalities

synchronisation

More links can be managed by LAN access (see Fig.7).

5.4 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

- Tx power (at the antenna flange) see Tab.2

- Tolerance 2dB

Tab.2 - Tx power

Frequency Band (GHz) Guaranteed output power (dBm)

ALFOPlus series 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM

6 27 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 22

7 27 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 22

11 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21

13 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21

15 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21

18 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 16

23 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 16

26 20 20 18 18 16 16 16 16 16 15

28 19 19 17 17 15 15 15 15 15 14

32 18 18 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 13

38 17 17 15 15 13 13 13 13 13 12

42 15 15 13 13 11 11 11 11 11 10

18 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

- RF output attenuation up to 20, 1 dB step software adjustable

- ATPC range 20 dB implemented in 1 dB step

- Receiver threshold for BER=10-6 see Tab.3

Tab.3 - Receiver thresholds (Interleaving enabled)

6 GHz

Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm)

@BER10-6

Physical Mode

Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM

7 MHz -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.0 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5

14 MHz -94.5 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5

28 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0

56 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5

Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm)

@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5

14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5

28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0

56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5

7 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5

14 MHz -94.5 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5

28 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0

56 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5

14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5

28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0

56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 19

11 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0

14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0

28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5

56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0

14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0

28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5

56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0

13 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0

14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0

28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5

56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0

14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0

28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5

56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0

15 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0

14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0

28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5

56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0

14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0

28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5

56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0

20 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

18 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5

14 MHz -93.5 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5

28 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.5 -63.0

56 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5

14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5

28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0

56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5

23 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5

14 MHz -93.5 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5

28 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.5 -63.0

56 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5

14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5

28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0

56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5

26 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -94.0 -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -83.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0

14 MHz -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.0

28 MHz -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0 -66.5 -62.5

56 MHz -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0

14 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0

28 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5

56 MHz -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 21

28 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5

14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5

28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0

56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5

14 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5

28 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0

56 MHz -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5

32 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0

14 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0

28 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5

56 MHz -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -90.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0

14 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.0 -68.0 -65.0 -61.0

28 MHz -86.0 -82.0 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5

56 MHz -83.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.0 -59.5 -55.0

38 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.4 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5

14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5

28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0

56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -90.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5

14 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5

28 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0

56 MHz -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5

22 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

- Modulation 4QAM, up to 1024QAM

- Net bit rate (RF channel spacing) depending on modulation type (see Tab.4)

Tab.4 - Net Bit Rate

- Tx/Rx frequency spacing see Tab.5

- Tuning Frequency step 250 kHz

- Loop facility 1 RF loop, Baseband loop

5.5 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

The equipment complies with the following international standard:

- EMC EN 301 489-4

- RF channel arrangement see Tab.5

42 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5

14 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5

28 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0

56 MHz -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -89.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5

14 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5

28 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0

56 MHz -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 -54.5

Bandwidth 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM

7 MHz 9.295 10.872 16.225 21.080 24.483 30.293 36.102 41.912 47.763 53.572

14 MHz 16.393 22.025 32.870 42.705 49.599 61.368 71.137 84.906 96.759 108.529

28 MHz 32.956 44.279 66.081 85.854 99.713 123.373 147.034 170.694 194.524 218.185

56 MHz 65.912 88.558 132.161 171.708 199.425 246.746 294.068 341.389 389.048 436.369

1 RF loop is available for ALFOPlus version with isolator

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 23

Tab.5 - Go-return frequency

- Digital fixed point to point EN 301 128

- Climatic characteristics EN 300 019 (class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport: class 2.3)

- Safety EN60950

Frequency band (GHz)

Duplex Spacing Channel number Subbands

6L ITU-R F.383-8 and CEPT REC 14-01E - 252.04 MHz 3CH @ 29.65MHz 4

6U ITU-R F.384-10 - 340 MHz 3CH @ 40MHz 2

7.1 - 7.4 ITU-R F.385-9 Annex 3 - 196 MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 3

7.1 - 7.4 ITU-R F.385-9 - 161 MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 3

7.1 - 7.4 CEPT REC(02)06 - 154 MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 3

7.1 - 7.4 168 MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 3

7.4 - 7.7 ITU-R F.385-9 - 161 MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 3

7.4 - 7.7 CEPT REC(02)06 - 154 MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 3



7.7 - 8.2 ITU-R F.386-8 Annex 6 - 311.32 MHz 4CH @ 29.65MHz 4

7.9 - 8.5 CEPT ECC REC(02)06 310 MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 3

8.2 - 8.5 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 3 - 119/126 MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 3


11 CEPT T/R 12-06 and ITU-R F387-10 - 490/530 MHz 4CH @ 40MHz 3

13 ITU-R F.497 - CEPT ERC/REC 12-02 E - 266MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 3

15 ITU-R F636 - 420 MHz 4CH @ 28MHz 4

15 ITU-R F636 - 490 MHz 4CH @ 28MHz 4

15 ITU-R F636 - 644 MHz 4CH @ 28MHz 2

15 CEPT T/R 12-07 - 728 MHz 4CH @ 28MHz 1

15 CEPT - 315 MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 5

15 CEPT - 322 MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 5

18 ITU-R F.595 - CEPT REC T/R 12-03 - 1010 MHz 12CH @ 27.5MHz 3

18 ITU-R F.595 - Annex 7 - 1560 MHz 15CH @ 27.5MHz 1

23 ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 3 CEPT T/R 13-02 - 1008 MHz 11CH @ 28MHz 2

23 ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 4 - 1200 MHz 11CH @ 28MHz 3

23 ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex1 - 1232 MHz 11CH @ 28MHz 3

26 ITU-R F.748 - Annex 1 and CEPT T/R 13-02 - 1008 MHz 16CH @ 28MHz 2

32 ITU-R F.1520 and CEPT Rec (01)02 - 812 MHz 10CH @ 28MHz 3

38 ITU-R F.749 and CEPT Rec T/R 12-01 - 1260 MHz 20CH @ 28MHz 2

42 ECC Rec (01)04 - 1500 MHz 18CH @ 28MHz (520 MHz) 3

24 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

Fig.6 - ALFOPlus front/side view

254 m

m

254 mm

157 m

m

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 25

Fig.7 - Reachable links in ALFOPlus sub-network

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OPl

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OPl

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26 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

6 DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFOPLUS

6.1 GENERAL

SIAE ALFOPlus is a radio system for digital link in full outdoor mechanics.

ALFOPlus (Access Link Full Outdoor) microwave radio system is available in various frequency ranges from6 to 42 GHz.

The Outdoor Unit can be easily installed and configured owing to its:

reduced size

easily orientable antenna

broad operating temperature range

high flexibility of line interfaces selection

low consumption.

The first description given in the following first concerns the circuitry common to all the versions, then thatof the line interfaces will follow.

6.2 DESCRIPTION

The ALFOPlus consists of two PCB housed in a small size aluminium cabinet:

BBP-GE (Baseband processor Gigabit electrical)

TRx (IF and RF transceiver)

or

BBP-GO (Baseband processor Gigabit optical)

TRx (IF and RF transceiver)

The description that follows (see Fig.16 and Fig.17) details the block diagrams of electrical and optical ver-sion.

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 27

6.2.1 Baseband processor

The baseband Processor unit (BBP) carries out the following operations:

primary and secondary power supply

line interfaces and protections

baseband circuits and packets processing

I and Q signals generation and sampling

I, Q demodulator

Rx baseband filtering

Actuators and measurement points for TRx unit

FPGA debug connector

FPGA

Controller

BBP unit is different depending on the interface type (electrical or optical).

6.2.2 TRX Transceiver unit

TRX Transceiver unit consists of the following functional blocks:

power supply dedicated to microwave circuits

Tx baseband filtering

I, Q modulator

frequency synthesizer

microwave transmitter and receiver

IF devices on Rx side

6.2.3 Firmware

Equipment software permits to control and manage all the equipment functionality and it is distributed ontwo hardware levels: main controller and ODU peripheral controllers.

Firmware can be updated through the Web Lct and it is stored in two different memory benches: one con-taining the running firmware and the other the stand-by firmware. This permits to download a newfirmware release to the stand by bench without cutting the traffic

Use Bench Switch to activate the bench in stand-by (SW restart will be performed).

6.2.4 Web Lct

The Web Lct is a web interface software already present in the ALFO Plus, which requires Adobe Flash Play-er and allows the configuration and the management of the local radio, using LAN Port Management. Whenthe remote one is configured properly, the whole link can be managed (left side=local radio and rightside=remote radio). WEB Lct runs on any browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox etc....).

Web Lct console is a free software downlodable from the site www.siaemic.com after registration.

28 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

6.2.5 Switch for Ethernet ports

Inside ALFOPlus is present an Ethernet switch with 2 external ports line side (electrical 10/100/1000BaseTor optical 100/1000BaseFX), one internal radio port and one port towards controller (see Fig.8).

Internal port is represented by the local radio stream where through native Ethernet transport is connectedwith the remote equipment.

Fig.8 - ALFOPlus block diagram

Switch function

ALFOPlus can operate like a switch between two or more separated LANs with the following advantages:

to connect two separate LANs

to connect two LANs via radio within a complex digital network

to keep separated the traffic into two LANs towards MAC filtering to get a total traffic greater thanthe traffic in a single LAN.

By default the routing works on basis Mac Address (Layer 2), but it can be enabled on basis VLAN ID, inWeb Lct - Ethernet switch (Enh) - Common Parameters.

The operation is the following: when a LAN port receives a MAC frame, on the basis of destination address,it decides which LAN to send it:

if destination address is on originating LAN the frame is discarded

if destination address is a known address (towards address learning procedure) and is present intolocal address table, the frame is sent only on destination LAN (MAC switching)

otherwise the frame is sent to all ports with the same VLAN ID (flooding).

Ethernet Speed/Duplex function

With electrical interface, in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan, Speed/Duplex can be manually or automaticallyactivated as half Duplex or Full Duplex 10/100/1000Base-T, while with optical interface, Speed Duplex canbe set as Full Duplex 100/1000Base-X.

Link Loss Forwarding

Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) is an alarm status of Ethernet interface. LLF can be enabled or disabled.

If LLF is enabled, any linkdown alarm will generate the alarm status of Ethernet interface blocking anytransmission to it. LLF can be enabled for each ports.

With LLF enabled the equipment connected (routers, switches so on) can be notified that radio link is notavailable and can temporarily re-route the traffic.

Ethernet packet switch

Port ARadio1+0

LAN1

LAN2

10/100BaseT1000BaseT

10/100/1000BaseT

Microcontroller

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 29

MDI/MDIX cross-over

For each LAN interface, cross-over cable can be set in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan - Cable Crossover as:

Automatic - Lan recognizes automatically the connected cable type (Straight cable or Crossover ca-ble)

MDI (NIC) - Manual crossover wiring type T568A

MDI-X (Switch) - Manual crossover wiring type T568B

With crossover cable it is necessary to use the same wiring format (MDI/MDI or MDI-x/MDI-x) on bothends. In case of straight cable is the opposite.

VLAN functionality

ALFOPlus works with IEEE 802.1q and 802.1p tag. Tag is made up with:

a fixed word of 2 bytes

3 bits for priority according with 802.1p

1 fixed bit

12 bits VLAN identifier (VLAN ID) according with 802.1q.

Switch cross-connections are based on Vlan Configuration Table where input and output ports or only out-put ports should be defined for any used VID. Vlan ID (VID) has a range from 1 to 4095.

Ethernet Flow Control (802.3x)

A network device asks its adjacent devices to send a pause frame because the input is faster it can process.The protocol used for this purpose is the flow control (802.2x).

6.2.6 Synchronisation

Into ALFOPlus a synchronisation circuit, called SincE and defined by the standard G.8264, gets the syn-chronisation signal from the following different sources:

LAN1

LAN2

radio

Internal source

As shown in Fig.9 the clocks extracted from the sources are sent to a selection circuit that chooses one ofthe signals depending on the control sent by a selection logic.

This latter acts on the base of alarm roots (Synch Loss, Synch Drift, Holdover Freerunning), on the baseof assigned priority, manual forcing and preferential switch.

The selected clock drives an oscillator through a PLL circuit. The oscillator will generate the required syn-chronisation for the frame generation. If no input signals are available the internal oscillator source is usedfor the local restart.

30 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

Fig.9 - Synchronisation block diagram

6.2.7 Adaptive code modulation

ACM profiles

In ALFOPlus radio family uses Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) in order to employ the correct modu-lation profile depending on the Rx signal quality.

Available ACM profiles are the following:

4QAM strong

4QAM

16QAM strong

16QAM

32QAM

64QAM

128QAM

256QAM

512QAM

1024QAM (optional).

These profiles operate in an RF channel with the following bandwidth:

7 MHz

14 MHz

TE LAN-1

Clock SelectorSynchronisation Source

TE LAN-2

T2 Radio

Internal Clock

PLLCircuit

Sync Loss

Sync DriftStatus

T0 ReferenceClk

Alarms

Force SwitchPriority Control

Preferential Switch

Sel

ection L

ogic

al

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 31

28 MHz

56 MHz

112 MHz (optional).

ACM switching

The usage of the previous modulation profiles in a fixed channel bandwidth results in a variable capacity.The criteria defining the necessity of an ACM switching, upshift or downshift, is the Rx S/N ratio.

Upshift - When there is an increase of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modu-lation complexity is increased in the direction from 4QAM strong to 1024QAM increasing the spectralefficiency

Downshift - When there is a decrease of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the mod-ulation is reduced in the direction from 1024QAM to 4QAM strong reducing the spectral efficiency,

In order to configure properly the radio link using ACM facility, an optimization must be found betweenmax traffic during good propagation conditions and max availability during bad propagation conditions. Toobtain this purpose the ACM in ALFOPlus family can be configured via software setting the following pa-rameters: ACM setting and Tx Power mode.

ACM setting

The ACM can vary modulation profiles between two extremes defined by the operator through softwareconfiguration: Upper Modulation and Lower Modulation.

Upper modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the better condition (highRx S/N), the radio link is working at the maximum throughput defined at Upper Modulation: thehighest modulation profile that ACM can employ

Lower modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the worst condition (lowRx S/N), the radio link is working at the minimum throughput, defined at Lower Modulation: thelowest modulation profile that ACM can employ

Tx Power Ramp

Tx Power Ramp function permits to set Tx power according to the available modulation profiles.

Tx Power Ramp Disabled - Tx power is the same at any modulation profile

Tx Power Ramp Enabled - Maximum Tx power based on the reference modulation

The Tx Power Ramp is set depending on the modulation license of the user and depending on the LowerModulation that has been set.

6.2.8 ATPC and ACM interaction

The Automatic Transmission Power Control (ATPC) regulates the RF output power of the local transmitterdepending on the value of the RF level at the remote terminal. This value has to be preset from the localterminal as threshold high and low. The difference between the two thresholds must be equal or higherthan 3 dB.

As soon as the received level crosses the preset threshold level low due to the increase of the hop atten-uation, a microprocessor (P), embedded in the ALFOplus, at the receiver side of the remote terminalsends back to the local terminal a control to increase the transmitted power.

A good set of the thresholds is to put the ATPC Low Level threshold higher (or even slightly higher) thanthe threshold of the highest modulation scheme of the ACM; this way, the ATPC start to work before thanthe received signal is reduced and by consequence will force the system to downgrade the modulation. Thebehaviour of the system is to always try to increase the PTX and so the System Gain, before than beingforced to reduce capacity a modulation.

32 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

Resuming, the correct setting of the thresholds is when the two windows, the ATPC one and the ACM one,are not overlapped, as per Fig.10.

Fig.10 - ATPC diagram

6.3 LOOPS

To control the equipment correct operation a set of local and remote loops are made available. The com-mands are forwarded by the WEBLCT program. The available loop facilities are:

Baseband loop

RF loop (only for GB8xxxx)

Fig.11 - Available loops

Thresh High

Thresh Low

Hop attenuation (dB)

ATPC range

PTx max.

PTx min.

Remote PRxdBm

Local PTxdBm

Hop attenuation (dB)

Tx

Rx

Rx

Tx

PTx actuation

Local Remote

PRx recording

Transmission

of PTx control

P P

level

PTx control

ACMrange

Thresholdhighest ACM

profile

ALFO Plus

BBP-GE RADIO

RF Loop

BASEBANDLOOP

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 33

6.4 ALARM SYSTEM

There are two ways of processing the alarms:

through LEDs

through SCT/WebLCT

Alarm associated to ALFOPlus can be classified in different groups. Names and composition of these groupsas well as association between alarm classes and relay contact can be defined by the customer.

Alarms are divided into 4 severity levels according to the effects that an alarm might cause to the regularoperation of the unit detecting it. Levels are prioritised as follows:

Critical (outofservice), urgent alarm

Major (severe failure, minimum residual functionality), urgent alarm

minor (failure neither urgent nor remote, high residual functionality), not urgent alarm

warning (failure neither urgent nor remote, high indication or wrong configuration), not urgentalarm

none (the alarm is masked)

Critical and Major alarms indicate impossibility of executing a service, hence the faulty units needs to beserviced. Minor level represents the not urgent alarms which do not prejudice service continuity. Warninglevel indicates malfunctions that might be locally removed without having to replace the unit.

Alarm classification can be modified via SCT/WebLCT operator. A short description is given for each alarmin Alarms section with relevant class.

The visual indication is given by a LED, which can be green or red. The information provided are:

Red light:

- ON - An internal alarm is active. Connect the PC for troubleshooting

- Flashing - An external alarm is active

Green light:

- Flashing - No radio connection with far-end terminal

- ON - Radio connection with far-end terminal is active

34 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

6.5 CHARACTERISTICS

6.5.1 Electrical characteristics

Tab.6 - Tx power

- RF output attenuation up to 20 dB, 1 dB step software adjustable

- ATPC range 20 dB

- Rx max input level (at antenna flange) 20 dBm

- Receiver threshold with BER = 10-3 see Tab.7

Frequency Band (GHz) Guaranteed output power (dBm)

ALFOPlus series 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM

6 27 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 22

7 27 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 22

11 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21

13 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21

15 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21

18 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 16

23 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 16

26 20 20 18 18 16 16 16 16 16 15

28 19 19 17 17 15 15 15 15 15 14

32 18 18 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 13

38 17 17 15 15 13 13 13 13 13 12

42 15 15 13 13 11 11 11 11 11 10

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 35

Tab.7 - Receiver thresholds (Interleave enabled)

6 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.0 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5

14 MHz -94.5 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5

28 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0

56 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5

14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5

28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0

56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5

7 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5

14 MHz -94.5 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5

28 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0

56 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5

14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5

28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0

56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5

36 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

11 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0

14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0

28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5

56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0

14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0

28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5

56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0

13 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0

14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0

28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5

56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0

14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0

28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5

56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0

15 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0

14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0

28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5

56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0

14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0

28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5

56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 37

18 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5

14 MHz -93.5 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5

28 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.5 -63.0

56 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5

14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5

28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0

56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5

23 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5

14 MHz -93.5 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5

28 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.5 -63.0

56 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5

14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5

28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0

56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5

26 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -94.0 -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -83.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0

14 MHz -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.0

28 MHz -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0 -66.5 -62.5

56 MHz -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0

14 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0

28 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5

56 MHz -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0

38 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

28 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5

14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5

28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0

56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5

14 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5

28 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0

56 MHz -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5

32 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0

14 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0

28 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5

56 MHz -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -90.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0

14 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.0 -68.0 -65.0 -61.0

28 MHz -86.0 -82.0 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5

56 MHz -83.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.0 -59.5 -55.0

38 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.4 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5

14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5

28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0

56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -90.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5

14 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5

28 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0

56 MHz -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 39

- Modulation 4QAM up to 1024QAM

- Number of settable RF channel depending on RF band and capacity

- Tuning frequency step 250 kHz

- Tx/Rx frequency spacing see Tab.5

- Net bit rate (RF channel spacing) see Tab.8

- Ethernet latency see Tab.9

Tab.8 - ALFOPlus net bit rate

- Link ID identifier RFOH: 1 to 255

- Loop facility Baeband loop, RF loop (only for GB8xxxx)

- Spurious emissions/rejection according to ETSI

42 GHz


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5

14 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5

28 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0

56 MHz -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5


@BER10-6

Physical Mode


7 MHz -89.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5

14 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5

28 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0

56 MHz -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 -54.5

Bandwidth 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM

7 MHz 9.295 10.872 16.225 21.080 24.483 30.293 36.102 41.912 47.763 53.572

14 MHz 16.393 22.025 32.870 42.705 49.599 61.368 71.137 84.906 96.759 108.529

28 MHz 32.956 44.279 66.081 85.854 99.713 123.373 147.034 170.694 194.524 218.185

56 MHz 65.912 88.558 132.161 171.708 199.425 246.746 294.068 341.389 389.048 436.369

40 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

Tab.9 - Ethernet service delay (latency), interleaving enabled

One way delay (msec)

Physical Modes (64 bytes)

Channel size (MHz)

4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM

7 1.100 1.083 1.069 1.064 1.060 1.056 1.054 1.052 1.051 1.049

14 0.649 0.641 0.634 0.632 0.629 0.627 0.626 0.626 0.625 0.624

28 0.329 0.325 0.321 0.320 0.319 0.318 0.318 0.317 0.317 0.316

56 0.170 0.168 0.166 0.166 0.165 0.164 0.164 0.164 0.164 0.163



Channel size (MHz)


7 1.148 1.120 1.095 1.088 1.078 1.071 1.068 1.065 1.063 1.060

14 0.674 0.660 0.648 0.644 0.639 0.636 0.634 0.633 0.632 0.630

28 0.342 0.335 0.329 0.327 0.324 0.323 0.322 0.322 0.321 0.321

56 0.177 0.174 0.171 0.169 0.169 0.168 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.167



Channel size (MHz)


7 1.247 1.194 1.146 1.132 1.114 1.101 1.095 1.089 1.087 1.081

14 0.723 0.697 0.674 0.666 0.658 0.652 0.649 0.646 0.645 0.641

28 0.367 0.354 0.342 0.339 0.335 0.332 0.331 0.330 0.329 0.327

56 0.191 0.185 0.179 0.177 0.175 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.172 0.171



Channel size (MHz)


7 1.438 1.338 1.247 1.218 1.185 1.163 1.151 1.139 1.133 1.124

14 0.820 0.770 0.725 0.712 0.695 0.684 0.678 0.672 0.669 0.664

28 0.418 0.393 0.371 0.364 0.356 0.350 0.347 0.345 0.343 0.341

56 0.218 0.206 0.195 0.191 0.187 0.185 0.183 0.181 0.181 0.179



Channel size (MHz)


7 1.824 1.628 1.450 1.395 1.329 1.284 1.261 1.238 1.228 1.208

14 1.014 0.917 0.830 0.803 0.770 0.748 0.737 0.725 0.721 0.711

28 0.519 0.470 0.426 0.414 0.397 0.386 0.380 0.375 0.372 0.368

56 0.272 0.248 0.227 0.220 0.212 0.206 0.203 0.200 0.200 0.197



ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 41

6.5.2 Line Interface Characteristics

Ethernet interface

- Ethernet connectors IEEE 802.3 10/100/1000BaseT RJ45IEEE 802.3 100/1000BaseX LC

- Ethernet latency 2609 s for standard frame sizes 11684 s for jumbo frame sizes

Features of Ethernet switch enhanced

To have Ethernet switch enhanced you need to set Ethernet Enh as Present in Web Lct - Equipment Menu- Equipment - Configuration; this allows to have the new features in the Ethernet switch menu and Laninterfaces. In the following a description of the advanced features:

Ingress Filtering Policing (CIR/EIR according to MFE 10.2)

Enhanced QoS Management

Enhanced VLAN Management


Packet Compression

Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) Load Balancing

Ethernet Line Protection

ITU-T Y.1731 Eth OAM/IEEE 8902.1ag/IEEE 802.ah

Selective RMon VLAN Based

SNMP V3

Channel size (MHz)


7 2.193 1.905 1.644 1.562 1.466 1.400 1.367 1.333 0.001 1.289

14 1.200 1.058 0.929 0.890 0.842 0.809 0.792 0.776 0.768 0.754

28 0.615 0.544 0.480 0.460 0.436 0.420 0.412 0.404 0.399 0.393

56 0.324 0.289 0.257 0.247 0.235 0.227 0.223 0.219 0.219 0.214



Channel size (MHz)


7 8.570 6.698 5.001 4.471 3.844 3.417 3.196 2.975 2.874 2.692

14 4.418 3.493 2.655 2.394 2.048 1.873 1.764 1.655 1.606 1.516

28 2.284 1.824 1.407 1.277 1.123 1.018 0.964 0.910 0.885 0.840

56 1.227 0.997 0.789 0.724 0.646 0.594 0.567 0.540 0.528 0.505

42 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

Ingress Filtering Policing (CIR/EIR according to MFE 10.2)

ALFOPlus allows to limit the ingress traffic rate on the basis of:

LAN port (Bandwidth profile per UNI): a different profile is defined for each LAN port (VLAN ID andpriority are not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm)

VLAN (Bandwidth Profile per EVC): a different profile is defined for different VLANs (priority is notconsidered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm). Up to 64 VLAN can be managed with differentprofiles

VLAN+priority (Bandwidth Profile per CoS): a different profile is defined for different couplesVLAN+priorities (up to 64 different cases can be managed). In this case the packet priority is alwaysconsidered by the rate limiting algorithm. More than one priority can be included in the same band-width profile.

In general different criteria can be defined for each port/VLAN/priority. Up to 64 Ingress Filtering Policyresources can be defined and each bandwidth profile defined on the basis either of LAN port, VLAN orVLAN+priority consumes 1 of such resources.

In order to define the bandwidth profile, the following parameters must be configured:

CIR (Committed Information Rate:) it is admitted ingress rate (green coloured), with values be-tween 0kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s

CBS (Committed Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the green packets, withvalues between 0 byte and 256 kbyte.

EIR (Excess Information Rate): it is maximum ingress rate eventually admitted (yellow coloured),with values between 0 kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s

EBS (Excess Burst Rate): it is maximum size of the token bucket of the yellow packets, with valuesbetween 0 byte and 256 kbytes

CF (Coupling Flag): if enabled, the excess token eventually charged into the green bucket aremoved into the yellow packet bucket.

Red packets, i.e. the ones exceeding the CIR+EIR rate, are automatically discarded.

The combination of CIR and EIR rates is typically referred to as PIR, or Peak Information Rate, whichrepresents the total burstable bandwidth sold to the customer.

According to MEF 10.2 (Metro Ethernet Forum) specifications, the bandwidth profile service attribute (In-put Filter Policing), which includes some or all of the above categories, can be defined per UNI, per EVC orper CoS identifier (CoS ID; EVC.CoS). For any given frame, however, only one such model can apply. Theservice provider meets the bandwidth guarantees by reserving appropriate network resources and employ-ing a two-rate/three-colour (trTCM) rate-limitation methodology as part of its traffic engineering policy toensure compliance by user traffic.

Green = Trasmitted: CIR and CBS.

Yellow = Low Priority (dropped in case of congestion): EIR and EBS.

Red = Dropped: traffic exceeding EIR and EBS is dropped.

For any port it is possible to add a Input Filter Policy table with this selections:

Disable

Uni Port Based

EVC C_Vid Based

COS C_Vid + Priority Based

EVC S_Vid/C_Vid Based

COS S_Vid/C_Vid + Priority Based

CIR (green) EIR (yellow) dropped (red)

CBS (green) EBS (yellow) dropped (red)

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 43

According the status of 802.1q Management> 802.1q settings =

Disable: you can select only Uni Port Based with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.

Fallback: two selections 1) EVC C_Vid Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with CIR, EIR, CBS andEBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with priority range,CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.

Secure: two selections 1) EVC S_Vid/C_Vid Based: applied to a SVLAN S_Vid and a CVLAN C_Vidwith CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS S_Vid/C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to aSVLAN S_Vid and CVLAN C_Vid with priority range, CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.

Into ALFOPlus there is a total of 64 instances of Input Filter Policing for all the four ports into any radio port.

Any CVID can be used into only one port.

Into same port same CVID can be reused but with different priority.

Enhanced QoS Management

The ALFOPlus scheduler provides enhanced QoS management features. based on the ingress port (and op-tionally also as a function of the LAN-ID), there are four different modes that can be used to set the priorityof an Ethernet frame:

Ethernet: the priority is set based on the PCP (Priority Code Point) field of the VLAN tag(IEEE802.1p) (Native 802.1p C_Vid)

MPLS: the priority is set based on the EXP (Experimental Bit) field of the PLS tag (Native MPLS)

IP: the priority is set based on the DSCP field of the either IPv4 or IPv6 (Native ToS/DSCP)

Default: the priority is set in a static mode and its value is configurable based on the VLAN ID. TheDefault mode is also used when all the other criteria are not applicable (Port Default).

It is in addition possible to map the EXP quality of the MPLS label into the PCP field of the outer VLAN tag(802.1p Rewrite with MPLS). Once the priority is assigned, the packet is sent to one of the 8 output queues.The size of each one of the 8 queues is configurable with one value between the following four options:128kbit, 256kbit, 512kbit and 1024kbit.

On the basis of the filling status of the queue, different drop-policy can be applied. In ALFOPlus there arefour available policies:

Tail drop: if the packet is arriving into a full queue, it will be discarded

Queue drop: if a new packet is arriving into a full queue, the whole queue is emptied (with the ex-ception of the head packet)

RED: when a new packet is arriving into the queue it has a discarding-probability that is function ofthe filling status of the queue. the relation between the probability and the queue status is definedby means of a SW configurable curve. If the queue is full, the new packet is discarded with proba-bility 1 (like in the Tail drop case).

WRED: it is similar to RED, with the difference that for each queue two drops curves are defined.the packet in ingress is coloured according to MEF 10.2, i.e.e according to the CIR and EIR ingressfiltering policy defined. As a consequence, WRED can be chosen only if CIR/EIR Ingress filtering pol-icy is enabled for the ingress port. Once coloured, red packets are always discarded, while greenand Yellow packets are managed according to different curves.

the traffic in the queues is then emptied by means of either Strict priority or Weighted Fair Queue algo-rithm. With the Strict Priority the highest priority takes always precedence. With WFQ the available band-width is shared between the different priorities with configurable weights. It is in addition possible toconfigure at the same time some queues as Strict Priority and the remaining as WFQ.

Random Early Drop function is shown in Fig.12.

44 ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001

Fig.12 - 0 red curve

RED (Random Early Drop): no packet are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reachesSmin(G, Green), packets are dropped randomly until a percentage of Pmax and an Occupation %of Smax(G) limits are reached, all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G);

RED Gentle (Enable): no packets are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G,Green); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G), packetsare dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 andSmax(G)/Pmax(G); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G) the percentage of ran-domly dropped packets is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/100%;

WRED (Weighted Random Early Drop): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets,one line for Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy(Lan1,2,3,4);no green packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G, Green); no yellow packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin (Y, Yellow); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets aredropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/Pmax(G);with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) yellow packets aredropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/Pmax(Y);all green packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G); all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(Y);

WRED Gentle (Enable): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets, one line forYellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy(Lan1,2,3,4); for Green packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G);with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets aredropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/Pmax(G);with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G), the percentage of dropped green packetsis defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/100%; for Yellow packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(Y);with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) green packets aredropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/Pmax(Y);with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(Y), the percentage of dropped green packetsis defined by the straight line between Smax(Y)/Pmax(Y) and Sgentle(Y)/100%;

WRED and WRED Gentle are very efficient to get the most from the radio link available traffic avoiding thestop and go behaviour (SAW trend) typical of congested TCP/IP traffic.

Warning: RED and WRED impact only TCP/IP traffic, not UDP traffic.

ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001 45


QoS preserve High priority traffic, by giving them precedence during traffic congestions. However, in caseof real time traffic also latency and jitter are important factors. Latency is strictly related to the line speedand usually can be managed by designing the network topology in a proper way (e.g. by limiting the max-imum number of hops in link chains). Jitter is instead a more sensitive parameter because it depends onthe traffic conditions.

In fact, when a High priority packet has to be sent over the radio link it is scheduled on a High Priorityqueue. However, before to be sent over the radio link it has to wait that the packet currently in transmis-sion (also a Best Effort packet) will be entirely sent. This waiting time can considerably change dependingon the best effort packet size (from 64bytes to 1518 bytes of even more in case of jumbo frames). Onetechnique used to mitigate this phenomenon is packet fragmentation, i.e. longer frames are subdivided insmaller fragments at Tx side. A label is added to the packet in order to number these subframes. At Rxside the original frame is rebuilt after all the fragments are received. In this way, the maximum waitingtime for a High Priority packet is reduced to the sub-frame size (some hundreds of bytes), providing sen-sitive benefits to the packet jitter.

ALFOPlus allows to fragment Ethernet frames with two options: 256 or 512 Bytes.

Enhanced VLAN Management

ALFOPlus provides the following enhanced VLAN management features:

VLAN rewriting

Selective QinQ based on VLAN and IEEE 802.1p priority

VLAN rewriting

VLAN rewriting is a feature available on radio side that allows to rewrite the VID of C-TAG of the packetreceived (uplink side) or sent (downlink side) by the switch.

On uplink side (packets received by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the following cri-teria:

- LAN port + C-VID: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basisof its original C-VID and the LAN port where it has been received.

- LAN port + C-VID + priority: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configuredon the basis of its original C-VID + priority and the LAN port where it has been received.

On uplink side it is possible to configure for all the LAN ports up to 64 LAN port + C-VID or LAN port + C-VID + priority criteria.

On downlink side (packets sent by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the C-VID of thereceived packet. I.e., new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis ofits original C-VID. It is possible to configure up to 64 C-VID criteria in downlink, independently by the uplinkconfiguration.

Selective QinQ based on VLAN and IEEE 802.1p priority

VLAN staking (also named QinQ) is a feature that allows an Ethernet frame to include more than one IEEE802.1Q TAG. The scope of VLAN staking is to differentiate the traffic at different levels when the packetsmust cross networks managed by different entities.

The ALFOPlus radio supports the Vlan staking. Once a packet enters into the radio it is possible to add anew IEEE 802.1Q TAG. The VID of the new TAG can be set based on different criteria:

Documents

SIAE ALFO Plus - User Manual