Shyntesis of Kalium Nitrate

8/16/2019 Shyntesis of Kalium Nitrate

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SINTESIS KALIUM NITRAT

24 March 2014

A. Objective1. Studyi! the "au#acture $# %$ta&&iu" itrate &a't& $# a reacti$ bet(ee &$diu"

itrate (ith %$ta&&iu" ch'$ride

2. Studyi! the &a't &e%arati$ $# by%r$duct &$diu" ch'$ride ba&ed $ the &$'ubi'ity

di##erece

). The$retica' )a&i&

*$ta&&iu" Nitrate i& a c$"%$ud $# %$ta&&iu" itrate &a't& (ith "$'ecu'ar

#$r"u'a KNO+ . *$ta&&iu" itrate &a't& ca be %re%ared by reacti! %$ta&&iu" ch'$ride

, K-' (ere #$ud i the "iera' &y'vite / (ith &$diu" itrate NaNO+ . I# a &aturated&$'uti$ $# each $# the&e reacti$& are "ied (ith each $ther / it (i'' #$r" &$diu"

ch'$ride / Na-' ad KNO+ a& a &$'vet &$'uti$ $# Na-' i (ater i& very &"a'' / the the

&a't (i'' uder!$ %reci%itati$ / ad thr$u!h #i'teri! KNO+ &$'uti$ ca be &e%arated #r$"

Na-' . )y c$$'i! the #i'trate &'$('y / the KNO+ (i'' uder!$ cry&ta''iati$ %r$ce&& /

ad t$ "eet the eed& !eerated KNO+ cry&ta''iati$. (Jurisova, 2013)

*$ta&&iu" it&e'# i& a &$#t &i'ver (hite "eta' . The "eta' "e't& at 3+. 5 - .

*$ta&&iu" re"aied ucha!ed i dry air / but 6uic7'y $idied i "$i&t air / it bec$"e&

c$vered (ith a 'ayer $# b'ue . Meta'& that dec$"%$&e (ater (ith %$(er#u' / re'ea&i!

hydr$!e ad bured (ith vi$'et #'a"e .

2K 8,a6 8 292O ,' 2K 8

,a6 8 2O9,a6 8 92,a6

*$ta&&iu" i& u&ua''y &t$red i the &$'vet a%htha . *$ta&&iu" &a't& c$taii!"$$va'et cati$& K 8 . The&e &a't& are u&ua''y &$'ub'e ad #$r" a c$'$r'e&& &$'uti$ /

ece%t (he c$'$red ai$ . A'' itrate di&&$'ve& i (ater . O# "ercury ad bi&"uth itrate

yie'd a#ter treat"et (ith a'7a'ie &a't (ater / &a't i& &$'ub'e i di'ute itric acid .

(G.Svehla, 1990)

*$ta&&iu" itrate i& a che"ica' c$"%$ud that i& a atura' &$urce $# itr$!e.

The&e c$"%$ud& are c'a&&i#ied a& itrate c$"%$ud (ith che"ica' #$r"u'a KNO+. The

a"e !eera''y ic'ude& &a't%eter ,&a't%eter. *$ta&&iu" itrate i& a c$"%$et $# b'ac7

%$(der $idied ,&u%%'ied $y!e. )e#$re 'ar!e&ca'e itr$!e #iati$ idu&try ,9aber

%r$ce&&. The "ai &$urce $# %$ta&&iu" itrate i& a de%$&it (hich cry&ta''ied #r$" cave

(a''& $r drai decayi! $r!aic "ateria'. *i'e& $# dirt are a'&$ the "ai &$urce $# !eera'/

dec$"%$&iti$ $# a""$ia #r$" urea ad $ther itr$!e &ub&tace& !$i! thr$u!h bacteria' $idati$ t$ %r$duce itrate&.

-hi'ea itrate &a't& c$taied "ai'y i the #$r" $# &$diu" itrate. S$diu"

itrate i& hy!r$&c$%ic. There#$re/ #$r a variety $# %ur%$&e& chea%er &$diu" itrate (a&

c$verted it$ %$ta&&iu" &a't. *$ta&&iu" itrate ca a'&$ be "ade $# %$ta&&iu" ch'$ride

c$taied i the "iera' &y'vite (ith &$diu" itrate. I# a &aturated &$'uti$ $# each reacti$

(a& "ied/ the 'e&& &$'ub'e Na-' (i'' &ett'e. E6uati$:

K-',a6 8 NaNO+,a6 Na-',& 8 KNO+,a6I# the &$'uti$ i& c$$'ed / the the &$'uti$ (i'' %reci%itate . Ed%a ca be &e%arated ad

the %uri#ied by recry&ta''iati$ . The c$""$ a"e #$r KNO+ (a& be'chi! / (herea&

#$r NaNO+ ca''ed -hi'e &a't%eter . *$ta&&iu" itrate cry&ta''ie& i rh$"bic %ri&" &ha%e /

but i# the &$'uti$ (a& eva%$rated &'$('y $ the (atch !'a&& (i'' cry&ta''ie i the #$r"r$"b$hedia' i&$"$# (ith &$diu" itrate ad ca'cite . KNO+ "e't& at ++3$- ad at hi!h

te"%erature& t$ %r$duce $y!e/ a& i the e6uati$ :


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2KNO+,a6 ; 2KNO2,a6 8 O2,!(Wikipedia, 2015)

Nitrate &a't& $# a'"$&t a'' "eta'& are 7$( . I ature / itrate &a't& are $#te

#$ud i -hi'e / e&%ecia''y i the #$r" $# &$diu" itrate . Maybe becau&e it attached > t$ the !rid $r the &a"e cry&ta' &tructure / but

i !eera' / "$&t $# the cry&ta'& are #$r"ed &i"u'tae$u&'y re&u'ti! %$'ycry&ta''ie &$'id& .

=$r ea"%'e / "$&t "eta'& (hich (e &ee everyday are %$'ycry&ta''ie .

-ry&ta' &tructure (hich i& #$r"ed $# a 'i6uid de%ed& $ the #'uid che"i&try

it&e'# / (he the &$'idi#icati$ c$diti$& ad a"biet %re&&ure . The %r$ce&& $# #$r"ati$

$# the cry&ta''ie &tructure 7$( a& cry&ta''iati$ . ("oim, 2013)

-. Materia' ad E6ui%"et

E6ui%"et :1. )ea7er !'a&&100 "'

2. ?'a&& =ue'

+. )ea7er !'a&& 200 "'

4. Eva%$rati! di&h

Materia' :1. *$tta&iu" ch'$ride

2. S$diu" itrate

+. A6uade&

4. =i'ter %a%er


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9eat 2 "La6uade&

(ei!h +/@ ! K-'ad 4/2 ! NaNO+

Ai&&$'ve each i @/"L h$t (ater

Mi the b$th $# &$'uti$Eva%$rate i (aterheater uti' 40 "L

Se%arate KNO+

%r$duct #r$" Na-'

Ai&&$'ve a 'itt'e cry&ta'(ith a 'itt'e (ater by

heati! it uti' 2/4 "L

Let the &$'uti$ bec$"ec$'d

=i'ter the cry&ta' &$ it #ree#r$" i$&

Bei!h the cry&ta' ad c$utthe %erceta!e $# %r$duct

re&u'ted

. Meth$d&

Sythe&i& $# *$ta&&iu" Nitrate Sa't

*uri#icati$ $# *$ta&&iu" Nitrate cry&ta'


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E. Ob&ervati$ data1. -$'$r ad &tructure ,&/'/! K-' : (hite/ &$'id &erbu7

2. -$'$r ad &tructure ,&/'/! NaNO+ : (hite/ &$'id &erbu7

+. -$'$r ad &tructure ,&/'/! KNO+ : (hite/ &$'id/ betu7 jaru"

4. Reacti$ $ccurred i e%eri"et :

reacti$ K-' (ith h$t (ater : K-',& 8 92O,' K-',a6

reacti$ NaNO+ (ith h$t (ater : NaNO+,& 8 92O,' Na8

,a6 8 NO+,a6

reacti$ K-' (ith NaNO+ : K-',a6 8 NaNO+,a6 KNO+,a6 8 Na-',a6

reacti$ cry&ta'i&ati$ : KNO+,a6 KNO+,&. Bei!h $# KNO+ cry&ta' %r$duct : 0/3@@+ !ra"&

3. -$'$r ad &tructure cry&ta' $# KNO+ : (hite/ &$'id/ cry&ta' jaru"

@. Rede"e *urity $# KNO+ :

M$' K-'¿3,7506

74,5

¿0,0503mol

M$' NaNO+ ¿ 4,2514

85

¿0,0500mol

K-',a6 8 NaNO+,a6 KNO+,a6 8 Na-',&" 0/00+ "$' 0/000 "$'

r 0/000 "$' 0/000 "$' 0/000 "$' 0/000 "$'

& 0/000+ "$' 0/000 "$' 0/000 "$'

"$' KNO+ C 0/000 "$'

"a&& $# KNO+ the$ritica'¿0,0500mol x Mr KNO

3

¿0,0500 x101

¿5,05gram

Rede"e¿

mass og KNO3as a product x 100

mass of KNO3 theoritical

¿0,6773 x100

5,05

¿13,412

=. i&cu&&i$


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M$' K-'¿3,750

74,5

¿0,0503383mol

M$' NaNO+ ¿ 4,250

85

¿0,0500611mol

K-',a6 8 NaNO+,a6 KNO+,a6 8 Na-',&" 0/00++D+ "$' 0/000311 "$'

r 0/000311 "$' 0/000311 "$' 0/000311 "$' 0/000311 "$'

& 0/0002@@2 "$' 0/000311 "$' 0/000311 "$'

"a&& $# KNO+ the$ritica'¿0,0500611mol x Mr KNO

3

¿0,0500611 x101

¿5,0561711gram

Rede"e¿

mass og KNO3as a product x 100

mass of KNO3 theoritical

¿ 4,2901 x 100

5,0561711

¿84,84

I thi& %ractice c$ducted e%eri"et& ai"ed KNO+ &ythe&i& derive the (ay& $#

"a7i! %$ta&&iu" itrate &a't ad &tudyi! di##erece& i &$'ubi'ity . The %rici%'e i thi&

e%eri"et i& ba&ed $ the di##erece i &$'ubi'ity . The "eth$d u&ed i& the cry&ta''iati$

,ie &e%arati$ "eth$d by "ea& $# cry&ta' #$r"ati$ &$ that the "iture ca be &e%arated

ad recry&ta''iati$ , ie %uri#icati$ $# the re&u'ti! &edi"et .

*$ta&&iu" itrate &a't& ca be %re%ared by reacti! %$ta&&iu" ch'$ride , K-' (ith

&$diu" itrate , NaNO+ . I# a &aturated &$'uti$ $# each $# the&e reacti$& are "ied (ith

each $ther / it (i'' #$r" &$diu" ch'$ride , Na-' ad KNO + / becau&e the &$'vet Na-'

&$'uti$ i (ater i& very &"a'' / the the &a't (i'' uder!$ %reci%itati$ / ad thr$u!h

#i'teri! KNO+ &$'uti$ ca be &e%arated #r$" Na-' . )y c$$'i! the #i'trate &'$('y / the

KNO+ ,a6 (i'' uder!$ a %r$ce&& $# cry&ta''iati$ . Oce cry&ta''ied / it ca be $btaied

%$ta&&iu" itrate &a't . *$ta&&iu" itrate &a't ca be u&ed #$r the "au#acture $#

!u%$(der ad a &"a'' %$rti$ i& u&ed i "eat %r$ce&&i!

The #ir&t &te% i& d$e i& di&&$'vi! K-' ad NaNO+ i the &$'id &tate (ith h$t

di&ti''ed (ater . The %ur%$&e $# the u&e $# K-' ad NaNO + i the &$'id &tate i& t$ acce'erate

the reacti$ / becau&e the reacti$ rate i& %r$%$rti$a' t$ the &ur#ace area . Bhi'e the

%ur%$&e $# the u&e $# h$t di&ti''ed (ater i& t$ &%eed u% the %r$ce&& becau&e the &$'ubi'ity $#

a c$"%$ud &$'ub'e i h$t di&ti''ed (ater tha i c$'d di&ti''ed (ater . 9$t di&ti''ed (ater

&$'ubi'ity i& a##ected by &aturati$ $# the &$'uti$. Saturated &$'uti$ i& de#ied a& a


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&$'uti$ c$taii! di&&$'ved &ub&tace& i the 6uatitie& ece&&ary #$r the ei&tece $#

e6ui'ibriu" bet(ee the &$'ute di&&$'ved ad udi&&$'ved .

At the "$"et di&&$'ved i h$t di&ti''ed (ater / &$'id NaNO + #a&ter tha the h$t

di&ti''ed (ater &$'ub'e &$'id& $# K-' . Thi& i& due t$ the &$'ubi'ity %r$%ertie& $# NaNO+ i&

hi!her tha the &$'ubi'ity $# K-' . -$'$red tra&'ucet NaNO+ &$'uti$ becau&e everythi!i& di&&$'ved i h$t di&ti''ed (ater (ith a te"%erature $# 30- ad a &$'uti$ $# K-' a'&$

tra&'ucet c$'$r becau&e everythi! di&&$'ve& i h$t di&ti''ed (ater (ith a te"%erature $#

3- . The re&earcher a'&$ &tirri! t$ acce'erate the #$r"ati$ $# a &aturated &$'uti$ $# K-'

ad NaNO+.

Reacti$ that $ccur:

K-',& 8 92O,' K 8

,a6 8 -',a6 ,'arut

NaNO+,& 8 92O,' Na8

,a6 8 NO+,a6 ,'arut

The the t($ &$'uti$& (ere "ied i h$t c$diti$& (ith the ai" that the &$'uti$

d$e& $t react (ith &ub&tace& i the air that ($u'd di&turb the reacti$ . It i& a'&$ d$e t$

acce'erate the reacti$ &$ that the "$ve"et $# i$& i &$'uti$ &$$er &$ that the

%$&&ibi'ity $# c$''i&i$ icrea&e&. Net "i the &$'uti$ i& eva%$rated i a (ater bath uti'

the v$'u"e i& 10 "' . The %ur%$&e $# thi& eva%$rati$ %r$ce&& i& that the i"%urity &$'uti$

$r di&ti''ed (ater ca be '$&t by (ay $# the &$'uti$ it$ O2 ad 92 !a& t$ be eva%$rated .

Bhi'e the %ur%$&e $# eva%$rati$ t$ 10 "' v$'u"e i& that %$ta&&iu" itrate cry&ta'& t$ be

$btaied ea&i'y #$r"ed .

I "ii! the re&u'ti! &$'uti$ $# KNO+ ad Na-' &$'uti$ . )ecau&e the &$'ubi'ity

$# Na-' i (ater &$'vet i& very &"a'' / the the &a't (i'' %reci%itate Na-' ad KNO + i

&$'uti$ . =urther"$re/ the &$'uti$ (a& #i'tered t$ &e%arate the KNO + &$'uti$ $# Na-'

%reci%itate . KNO+ #i'trate $btaied #r$" the #i'trati$ (a& c$cetrated a!ai by heati! t$

re"$ve the (ater "$'ecu'e& are &ti'' b$ud i the &$'uti$ i $rder t$ $btai a "$re

c$cetrated &$'uti$ . =urther"$re/ the &$'uti$ (a& c$$'ed i $rder t$ "ii"ie the

&$'ubi'ity . I# the &$'uti$ i& c$$'ed / the the &$'uti$ (i'' %reci%itate . A#ter c$$'i! it (i''

#$r" (hite cry&ta'& KNO+ &ha%ed 'i7e eed'e& .

Reacti$ that $ccur :

K-',a6 8 NaNO+,a6 KNO+,a6 8 Na-',& ,7ri&ta' %utih berbetu7 jaru"

=urther %uri#icati$ by recry&ta''iati$ $# KNO+ cry&ta'& u&i! h$t (ater. 9$t

(ater #ucti$ &$ that i"%uritie& ad the &$'uti$ "ay &ti'' be %re&et i KNO+ cry&ta'& ca

be '$&t. I $rder t$ $btai a %ure cry&ta' (hite KNO+ &ha%ed 'i7e eed'e&. I thi&

e%eri"et %r$duced KNO+ cry&ta'& $# 4.201 !ra"&. Thi& i& di##eret #r$" the the$retica'

ca'cu'ati$& carried $ut/ (hich &h$u'd be $btaied by .031@11 !ra"& $# KNO+ cry&ta'&.

=r$" the data $btaied/ the yie'd $btaied KNO+ cry&ta'& a& "uch a& D4.D4F. Thi& %urity

i& $btaied #r$" the ca'cu'ati$ ,"a&& $# KNO+ %ractice: the$retica' KNO+ "a&& 100F.

*uri#ity $btaied i thi& e%eri"et i& 6uite a"ya7 i (et c$diti$&. Thi& ha%%e& due t$

&evera' #act$r&/ a"e'y the %re&ece $# "$'ecu'e& $# KNO + (ere $t yet cry&ta''ied

everythi! becau&e 'e&& c$$'i!/ 'ac7 $# ti"e eva%$rati$/ &$ the &$'uti$ i& di##icu't t$

#$r" cry&ta'&/ ad err$r& are 'e&& c$&cieti$u& %ractiti$er.


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?. -$c'u&i$

1. KNO+ cry&ta'& ca be %re%ared by reacti! %$ta&&iu" ch'$ride , K-' ad &$diu"

itrate , NaNO+

2. The "eth$d u&ed i thi& e%eri"et i& the cry&ta''iati$ ad recry&ta''iati$

+. KNO+ cry&ta'& #$r"ed (hite ad &ha%ed 'i7e eed'e&

4. I thi& %ec$baa !eerated by 4.201 !ra"& $# KNO+ cry&ta'&

. The$retica''y KNO+ cry&ta'& %r$duced by .031@11 !ra"&

3. The yie'd $btaied i thi& e%eri"et i& D4.D4 F@. The reacti$ i&

K-',& 8 92O,' K 8

,a6 8 -',a6 ,di&&$'ved

NaNO+,& 8 92O,' Na8

,a6 8 NO+,a6 ,di&&$'ved

K-',a6 8 NaNO+,a6 KNO+,a6 8 Na-',& ,cry&ta' 'i7e eed'e&

9. Su!!e&ti$

1. The %ractiti$er &h$u'd be "$re care#u' ad "eticu'$u& duri! the %racticu"

2. *ractici$er "u&t uder&tad the "ateria' be#$re d$i! the 'ab

+. Sh$u'd the t$$'& that (i'' be u&ed &teri'ied be#$rehad

4. *ractici$er &h$u'd ($r7 c'$&e'y (ith "e"ber& $# the !r$u%

I. Re#erece&

Guri&$va Gaa. 201+. *re%arati$ $# *$tta&iu" Nitrate #r$" *$ta&&iu" ch'$ride ad

"a!e&iu" itrate i a Lab$rat$ry Sca'e u&i! Idu&tria' Ra( Materia'. S'$va7 Re%ub'ic:

)rati&'ava.

A$i". 201+. htt%:HHid.(i7i%edia.$r!H(i7iHKri&ta'. ,ia7&e& %ada ta!!a' +0 Maret 2014

%u7u' 11:2@

A$i". 201+. htt%:HHid.(i7i%edia.$r!H(i7iHKa'iu"itrat. ,ia7&e& %ada ta!!a' +0 Maret

2014 %u7u' 11.40

Sveh'a/ ?. 10. J$!e' )u7u Te7& Aa'i&i& A$r!ai7 Kua'itati# Ma7r$ da Se"i"i7r$.

)a!ia 1 da 2 Edi&i 7e'i"a. Ga7arta: *T. Ka'"a Media *u&ta7a.

Ti" $&e Ki"ia A$r!ai7. 201. *etuju7 *ra7ti7u" Ki"ia A$r!ai7. Se"ara!:

Ue&.

Se"ara!/ 24 March 201

*racticia

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium_nitrathttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium_nitrathttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal


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e'ta O7taviaa

NIM. 4+0141+040

Documents

Shyntesis of Kalium Nitrate