Stages of Weaving

Classification of Weaving Machines

Classification of Weaving Machines

Shuttle Looms (First generation)

Hand Loom- Every operation performed manually.( 12th century)

Power Loom(non-automatic)- The shuttle is changed by hand.(1785)

Automatic Weaving Machine- A power driven loom on which the shuttles or pirns are changed automatically. (1894)

Basic Mechanisms

Primary MotionsSheddingPickingBeating-up

Secondary Motions Warp Control (Let –off) Cloth Control (Take-up)

Limitations of Shuttle Loom

Shuttle looms are limited as long as their fundamental constructions involved in the use of

shuttle propulsion

power required for picking is proportional to the cube of the loom speed

• loom speed is increased from 200 to 300 picks per minute, the power requirement would

increase by a factor of (3/2)3 i.e. 3.4 times approximately

The above results are show the following disadvantages:

• Greater strain imposed on the picking mechanism, thus rendering it liable to frequent

failure.

• Greater amount of noise and vibration.

• Because of superior energy in shuttle, greater strain is again imposed on the checking

mechanism.

• The movement of shuttle will be more difficult to control and there will be a greater

possibility of its ejection from the loom.

Parameters Affecting Productivity

Machinery Labour Temperature Raw Material Energy issue Maintenance

1.Machinery Loom speed Weft insertion rate loom width Machine down time Yarn breakage rate

Loom Type

Loom Width in cm

Speed in rpm

WIR (MPM)

Conventional Power loom

180 180 300-400

Projectile loom

180-540 300-450 700-1500

Rapier-Rigid 150-400 300-550 1000-1200

Rapier-Flexible

110-420 325-550 1000-1300

Water Jet 150-230 1000 1600-2000

Air Jet 190-430 500-1100

1200-2520

Linear Multiphase

190 1100-1600

2000-3000

Drum type Multiphase

170-190 2430-3230

4000 (Twill)& 6000 (plain)

2. Labour Skilled labour and their capacity. Labours carelessness will affect the production efficiency. Delay of restarting the machine during machine stoppage.

3. Temperature Temperature is exceeded than the standard temp, then breakage will be increased and

production efficiency will be decreased. Optimum temperature will provide the best operating conditions for machine operators.

4. Raw Material Raw material quality has the key importance in production process. Raw material is of high quality then the chances of breakage and error would be

minimum.

5. Energy issue Energy consumption for air conditioning, compressor and other production area etc., To convert old model to new model then save the energy and also improve production

rate.

6. Maintenance The main purpose of maintenance is To minimize the operating cost To improve the quality To reduce the chances of stoppage of machine