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SHRIMATI INDIRA GANDHI COLLEGE (Nationally Accredited at ‘A’ Grade (3rd Cycle) By NAAC)
Tiruchirappalli – 2.
INSTRUCTION MATERIAL
2017-2018
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
2
CONTENT
S.No Subject Name Page.No
1
ODD SEMESTER (I B.B.A) MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS - 16CCBB1
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - 16CCBB2
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS – 16ACBB1
3
12
34
2
EVEN SEMESTER (I B.B.A) MARKETING MANAGEMENT – 16CCBB3
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT - 16ACBB2
42
53
3
ODD SEMESTER (II B.B.A) MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION-16CCBB5
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS-
16CCBB6
BUSINESS LAW -16ACBB3
ADVERTISEMENT MANAGEMENT(NME)-
16ANMEEC1
64
107
73
81
4
EVEN SEMESTER (II B.B.A) PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT-16ACBB4
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR-16CCBB7
114
124
5
ODD SEMESTER (III B.B.A) COMPANY LAW AND SECRETARIAL
PRACTICES-16CCBB11
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-
16CCBB13
140
147
6
SKILLED BASED AND NON MAJOR
ELECTIVE BANKING PRACTICES-16MEBB3
INTRODUCTION TO OFFICE MANAGEMENT
89
100
3
CORE PAPER -1
MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
OBJECTIVES:
To make students understand the basic concepts and principles of management
To help them acquire the skills needed to become a successful manager
To enable them to understand the various processes of the management.
UNIT – I
Nature and Scope of Management –Management as a Science, an Art or a Profession –Process –
Levels of management – F.W.Taylor‘s Scientific Management – Fayol‘ s Theory of Management.
UNIT – II
Planning – Process – Types of Plans – Objectives, Policies, Procedures, Rules, Strategies
Programmes and Budgets - Decision making - Process of decision making – Types of decision –
Problems involved in decision making.
UNIT- III
Organizing – Concept – Organization as a process – Elements of Organization process – Types of
organization- Span of Control – Delegation – Centralization – Decentralization.
UNIT – IV
Staffing – Functions – Process – Selection – Recruitment – Training. Direction – Concept –
Elements of Directing – Principles of Direction – Process of Directing.
UNIT – V
Co-ordination – Controlling – Need and importance – Process – Characteristics of an
ideal control system – Budgetary Control.
4
MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
SUBJECT CODE:16CCBB1
I B.B.A
SLOW LEARNER MATERIAL
Unit-1
1. Define Management.
―To forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate , and control‖.
HENRY FAYOL
2. What do you mean by Esprit De Corps?
The work done in any organization is teamwork. Team spirit and co-operation among the
members of an organization are essential for its success. Informal relationship among the
employees should be encouraged.
3. What do you mean by Division of labour?
The total work done is divided into small parts, each entrusted to a particular individual.
4. Management is an art. Discuss.
*Because A manager applies his knowledge and skills to co-ordinate the efforts of his
people.
* Management seeks to achieve concrete practical results.
5. Is Management as a science??
Management is basically science because
It contains underlying principles and theories developed through continuous observation,
experimentation and research.
The organized body of knowledge can be taught and learnt in the classroom and outside
physics, chemistry, mathematics, and economics.
5. What is Scalar Chain?
Scalar Chain refers to the chain of superior ranging from the highest authority to the lowest
levels in the organization.
7. F.W.Taylor is known as the father of scientific management-explain.
5
Taylor was convinced division of responsibilities between management and workers. Taylor
was convinced that there is a science for each job and ‗one best way‘ of doing work.
8. What is Administration?
Administration is higher level authority. Administration is a determination of objectives
and policies.
9. What are the three levels of management?
Top level, middle level, lower level.
10. What do you mean by Unity of Command?
An employees should receive orders from one superior only and is accountable to him
alone.
6
UNIT-II
1. What is planning?
Planning is deciding in advance what should done. It is future oriented.Planning is the
management functions of anticipating the future and conscious determination of a future
course of action to achieve the desired results.
2. Define Planning.
―Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done. It involves the selection of objectives,
policies, procedures, and programmes from alternatives‖.
3. Define strategy.
―Strategy is the complex plan for bringing the organization from a given postures to a
desired position in a future period of time‖.
4. What is policy?
A policy is a general guide to thinking and action rather than a specific course of action. It
defines the area or limits within decision can be made to achieve organizational
results.
5. What is Rule?
Rule are rigid and definite plans that specify what is to be done or not to be done in given
situation.
6. What is Budget?
A Budget is a statement of expected results expressed in numerical terms for a definite
period in the future.
7. What is tactical planning?
It is a short term exercise designed to implement the strategies formulated under strategies
planning. It is based on strategic plan.
8. What is Strategic Planning?
Strategic Planning refers to the process of formulating a unified comprehensive and integrated
plan relating the strategic advantage of the firm to the challenges of the environment.
7
9. State the importance of planning.
*Focus attention on objectives and results.
* reduces uncertainity and risk.
*Encourages innovation and creativity.
10. State the features of good plan.
*Develop accurate forecast.
*Gain acceptance of the plan from those responsible for its implementation.
*The plan must be sound one.
8
UNIT-III
1. What do you mean by organization?
It is a set of interrelated concepts, definition, and preposition which provide a systematic view
of behavior of individual and group in some relatively patterned sequence of activity.
2. Define Delegation.
―Delegation of authority merely means the granting of authority to subordinates to operate
within prescribed limits‖.
3. Define Authority.
Authority may be defined as the legitimate right to give orders obeyed. It denotes certain
rights granted to a position in an organization.
4. Write note on line and staff organization.
In this kind of an organization, staff experts, who are
Specialists in specific areas, assist the line personnel. These experts do not have the powers to
command any subordinate other than those who are under their direct control.
5. Write short note on Committee Organisation.
A Committee is a group of person entrusted with certain tasks. The committee are expected to
discuss the problem under consideration in detail and come out with a solution. A number of
committee may be created in a concern depending upon the requirements.
6. What is Responsibility?
Responsibility is the duty or obligation of a subordinate, to whom some work has been
assigned by a superior, to perform the task required. Responsibility may be a continuing
obligation or confined to a specific assignment.
7. What is Centralisation?
Certralisation of decision making authority in the hands of a few at the top level in known as
centralization.
8. What is Decentralisation?
In decentralization, there is dispersal of decision making authority at different level of
organization.
9. What to do you mean by span of management?
Span of management refers to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively manage.
A manager will be able perform his basic work of guiding his subordinates and making the
right number of such subordinates under him.
9
UNIT-IV
1. Define Staffing.
―The Managerial functions of staffing involves manning the organization structure through
proper and selection, appraisal and development of personnel to fill the roles designed into
structure‖.
2. What do you mean by Recruitment?
Recruitment is the process of identifying the sources of prospective candidates and attracting
them to apply for jobs in the organization.
3. What do you mean by selection?
Selection is the process of carefully screening the candidates who offer themselves for
appointment so as to choose the most suitable persons for the jobs that are to be filled.
4. What do you mean by psychological test?
A Psychological test is designed to measure selected psychological factors. The basic purpose
of such a test is to predict what a person will do in future. Psychological test measuring
quantitatively a typical sample of the candidate‘s personality so as to forecast how the
candidate will perform on the future.
5. What is Interview?
Interview is the most widely used techniques of employee selection. It is observational and
personal method of appraisal. Interview are used for counseling, appraising, grievance
handling and exist of employees.
6. What do you mean by placement?
Placement is the process of assigning specific jobs and work places to the selected candidates
it involves putting square holes.
7. What is Training?
Training is an organized process for increasing the knowledge and skills of people for definite
purpose.
8. What do you mean by co-ordination?
Co-ordination implies an orderly pattern or arrangement of group efforts to ensure unity of
action in the pursuit of common objectives.
9. Define co-ordination
― It thus becomes the central task of the manager to reconcile differences in approach, timing,
effort or interest and to harmonise cooperative and individual goals‖.
10
UNIT-V
1. Define Control.
―Management control is the process by which managers assure that resources are obtained and
used effectively in accomplishment of the organisation‘s objectives.
2. What do you mean by Budgetary Control?
Budgetary control is a system of control in which all activities of an enterprises are planned
ahead in the form of budgets and actual results are compared with the budget standards and
necessary corrective action are taken in case of deviation.
3. What is feedback?
Feedback is the process of adjusting future action on the basis of information about the past
performance.
4. What is Master Budget?
It is the summary budget incorporating all functional budget. It gives a comprehensive picture
of the proposed activities andanticipated Results for the entire organization.
SECTION-B
1. Describe the importance of management in
Business.
2. Explain briefly the various functions of management.
3. Explain the various steps involved in the process planning.
4. Explain briefly the various kinds of policies.
5. Distinguish between formal organization and informal organization.
6. Explain the barriers in delegation of authority.
7. Explain the various stages involved in the selection of candidates for jobs in an organization.
8. Explain the important principles of directing.
9. Explain the characterstics of an ideal control.
10. State the nature of management.
11. Bring out the process of management.
12. What are the types of plans?
13. Brief out the types of policies.
14. State the elements of organization.
15. Distinguish between Centralization and Decentralisation.
16. Explain the need for Training.
17. State the importance of co-ordination.
11
18. Explain the contribution of Fayol.
19. Explain the principles of organizing.
20. Explain the advantages of Decentralisation.
21 . Explain the steps in selection procedures.
22. Describe the various requisites for excellent coordination.
23. What are the different levels of management?
24. Distinguish between management and administration.
25. What are the essential of a good plan
26. What is standing plan?
27. Explain the merits and demerits of line and staff organization.
28. What are the techniques of direction?
29. Describe the staffing process.
30. What are the modern methods controlling techniques?
SECTION-C
1. Explain the various aspects of F.W.Taylor scientific management.
2. Explain the essentials of a sound plan in an organization.
3. Explain the basic principles of organizing.
4. Discuss the difference between delegation and decentralization. List out the important
obstacles to effective delegation.
5. Explain the basic steps in the control process.
6. Elucidate the contribution of Henry Fayol to management.
7. Describe the steps involved in planning process.
8. Explain the organization process.
9. Enumerate and explain the sources of recruitment.
10. ―Management is getting things done through
other ―–Discuss
11. Explain various planning Process.
12. Discuss the various factors affecting the span of management
13. Discuss the various essential of effective control system.
14. Discuss about the formal organization and informal organization.
15. Explain the various basis of departmentation together with their relative merits and demerits.
16. What are the essential of effective control system?
17. Discuss the various functions of management.
18. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of objectives.
19. Discuss the techniques of co-ordination.
20. Explain the various techniques used in selection process.
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12
CORE COURSE – II
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
OBJECTIVES:
To enable learners understand the fundamental concepts of Accounting
To give them a basic knowledge of accounting principles
To facilitate them to prepare final Accounts of business and non-trading concerns.
UNIT – I
Definition of Account – Nature of Accounting – Accounting Concepts and Postulates -
Double Entry Vs single entry –Books of Accounts
UNIT - II
Journal – Ledger - Subsidiary Books - Trial Balance.
UNIT – III
Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS) - Final Accounts of Sole Trader – trading, Profit
and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with simple adjustments.
UNIT – IV
Methods of Depreciation –Straight Line Method, Written Down Value Method and
Annuity Method.
UNIT – V
Capital and Revenue – Accounts of Non-trading organizations - Income and ExpenditureAccount
– Receipts and Payments Account
.
13
SUB: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SUBJECT CODE: 16CCBB2
PART-A
1. DEFINE ACCOUNTING.
According to American institute of certified public accountants accounting is
― The art of recording classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of
money transactions and events which are in part, at least of a financial character and interpreting
the results there of‖.
2. WHAT IS BOOK- KEEPING?
Book-keeping is the art of recording the business transactions in a systematic and regular
manner.
3. WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEMS OF ACCOUNTING?
The two systems of accounting are
(i)Single entry system
(ii)Double entry system
4. WHAT ARE BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS?
The business transactions are the dealings of the business with itself with customers, creditors,
another business, Government and with other third parties.
5. WHAT IS A SET OF BOOKS?
The set of books includes
i) Journal iii)ledger
ii) Subsidiary books iv)initial balance
v) Find account
6. WHAT IS DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM?
Recording dual aspect of business transactions in terms of debit and credit is called double Entry
system.
7. WHAT IS SINGLE ENTRY SYSTEM?
It is method or methods employed for recording some transactions which ignore the two-fold
aspect.
14
8. EXPLAIN-CAPITAL
Capital is the initial amount or assets contributed by the proprietor to start the business.
9. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ‗DRAWINGS?‘
Amount or goods withdrawn by the proprietor for his private use is termed as ‗Drawing‘.
10. WHAT ARE ASSETS?
Assets are the total value of the properties owned by the business.
11. WHAT ARE LIABILITIES?
Liabilities are the amount due by business to third parties.
12. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ACCOUNT?
Account is a summary of business transactions relating to the person, asset, expense or revenue.
13. WHAT IS INVOICE?
It is a statement prepared by the seller of goods contains the information relating to name and
address of the seller and the buyer, the date of sale and the clear description of goods with
quantity and price.
14. WHAT ARE REVENUES?
Revenues are the amount, a business earns by selling goods or service to customers.
15. EXPLAIN - ACCOUNTING CYCLE.
It refers to a complete sequence of accounting procedure. It includes recording classifying and
summarizing.
16. WHAT IS CASH BASIS OF ACCOUNTING?
Under this Basis actual cash receipts and cash payments are recorded.
17. WHAT IS ACCRUAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING?
Under these basics entries are made on the basics of amount having become due for payment
or receipt.
18. WHAT IS JOURNAL?
Journal is a book of prime entry.
19. WHAT IS A LEDGER?
Ledger is a principal book of accounts it is the book of second entry.
15
20. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY LEDGER POSTING?
It is a process of transferring the transactions from the journal to the ledger.
21. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY ‗SUBSIDIARY BOOKS‘?
Subsidiary books are sub- division of journals into various books recording transactions of
similar Nature.
22. WHAT IS MEANT BY DEBIL NOTE?
It is a statement prepared by trader in duplicate while returning the goods to the supplier. A
copy of the Debit note is sent along with the goods to the supplier intimating him that his
account has been debited in the books and settlement would be made accordingly.
23. WHAT IS CREDIT NOTE?
It is statement prepared by the trader while receiving us goods returned by the customers. It
informs the customer that his accounce has been credited and settlement would be made
accordingly.
24. EXPLAIN ‗CASH BOOK‘
Cash book is meant for recording all cash transactions
25. WHAT IS MEANT BY ‗CONTRA ENTRY‘?
A single transactions appearing in both sides of the cash books is known as contra Entry.
26. WHAT IS TRADE DISCOUNT?
It is reduction granted by a supplier from the list of price of goods services in consideration of
quantity bought.
27. EXPLAIN – ‗CASH DISCOUNT‘
It is a reduction granted by a supplier from the invoice price in consideration of immediate
payment.
28. EXPLAIN IMPREST SYSTEM OF PETTY CASH
Definite Imprert money is given to petty cashier at the beginning of a certain period. The petty
cashier goes on making all small payments out of this money and gets reimbursement of all
amount spent from the main cashier. Then he again has the full imprested amount.
29. EXPLAIN JOURNAL PROPER
Journal proper is the eighth subsidiary book which is used for recording only those transactions
which cannot be entered in other subsidiary books.
16
30. WHAT IS TRIAL BALANCE?
A trial balance is the list of balances extracted from the ledger accounts prepared to check the
arithmetic accuracy of accounts.
31. WHAT IS THE SUSPENSE ACCOUNT?
When the trial balance does not agree with each side the different is placed to a temporary
account called suspense account. This suspense account will be closed after locating the error
and the same have been rectified.
32. WHAT IS CASH BOOK?
It is maintained by the customer. The bank transaction is entered in the bank column of the cash
book.
33. WRITE A NOTE ON PASS BOOK?
It is a record of transaction between a customer and bank, which is maintained by the banker.
34. WHAT IS BRS?
It is a statement prepared to reconcile the bank balance as per cash book and pass book.
35. WRITE A NOTE ON FINAL ACCOUNTS?
Final accounts give a concise idea about the profitability and financial position of the business to
management, owner and interested parties of the business.
36. WHAT IS TRADING ACCOUNT? WHY IT IS PREPARED?
The trading account is an account which shows the result of buying and selling of goods or
services. It is prepared to know the gross profit.
37. EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF DIRECT EXPENSES. GIVE EXAMPLES?
Expenses incurred in acquiring goods or making them more saleable is called direct expenses.
These expenses are shown on this debit side of this trading account.
(e.g) Carriage inward wages, factory lighting, power and fuel etc....
38. EXPLAIN PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT?
It is an account which highlights the net profits earned or net loss incurred by the business
during an accounting period.
39. EXPLAIN THE TERM ―OPENING STOCK‖?
Stock-in-hand at the commencement of the period in termed as opening stock.
17
40. CLOSING STOCK – EXPLAIN?
Value of goods lying unsold at the end of trading period is termed as closing stock.
41. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY BAD DEBTS?
Debts which become irrecoverable are known as bad debts. This is an item of loss for the
business.
42. EXPLAIN THE TERM BALANCE SHEET? WHY IS IT PREPARED?
A balance sheet is a statement of assets and liabilities of a business enterprise at a given debt. It
is prepared to known the financial position of the business on a debt which it is prepared.
43. WHAT IS FIXED ASSET?
Fixed assets refers to assets which are held for providing goods for providing services and
which are not held for resale
(eg) Plant and Machinery, Land and Building
44. EXPLAIN ―CURRENT ASSETS‖?
Assets are meant for resale and which are in the form of cash or can be converted into cash in a
year.
(eg) Cash and Bank balance, Debtors, Stock, etc....
45. WHAT ARE LIQUID ASSETS?
Liquid asset are those which are easily encashable.
Eg. cash, bank balance
46. WHAT ARE FIXED LIABILITIES?
Liabilities which will be repaid only at the time of closing of the business.
Eg. Owner‘s capital
47. WHAT ARE LONG TERM LIABILITIES?
Liabilities which do not become due for repayment in the near future are called long liabilities.
Eg. : Long term loans
48. EXPLAIN: CURRENT LIABILITIES?
Current liabilities are those liabilities which become due for payment in the near future (or)
within a year.
Eg. sundry creditors, bills payable, bank overdraft.
18
49. WHAT IS MEANT BY DEPRECIATION?
Depreciation means reduction value of fixed asset in the business due to wear and tear, passage
of time obsolescence etc.
50. EXPLAIN THE STRAIGHT LINE METHOD OF PROVIDING DEPRECIATION?
It is the simplest method of charging depreciation. Depreciation is charged evenly every year
throughout the effective life of the asset.
Depreciation = Original asset – Estimated scrap value
Life of the asset
51. WRITE A NOTE ON DIMINISHINING OR WRITTEN DOWN VALUE METHOD OF
DEPRECIATION?
Under this method the percentage of depreciation is fixed, but it applies to the value at which
the asset stands in the beginning of the year.
52. EXPLAIN THE TERM REVENUE EXPENDITURE
It is the expenditure which incurred to maintain the productivity and earning capacity.
53. WRITE A NOTE ON DEFERRED REVENUE EXPENDITURE.
It is the expenditure which yields benefits extending beyond the current accounting period
such expenditure are normally for a period of 3 to 5 years.
Ex: Heavy advertisement campaign Research and development Expenditure.
54. WHAT ARE CAPITAL RECEIPTS?
Receipts which are non-recurring by nature and whose benefit is enjoyed over a long period
are called capital receipts. EX: loan from bank, sale proceeds of fixed asset.
55. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY REVENUE RECEIPTS?
Receipts which are recurring by native and available for meeting day to day expense of a
concern are known as Revenue receipts.
EX: Sale proceeds of such interest-received
56. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NON-TRADING CONCERNS?
These are certain concerns whose object is not to earn proof but to sender valuable services
to it members and to the society.
EX: clubs, hospitals , Educational institutions
19
57. EXPLAIN-RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT
It is simply a summary of cash book. All receipts are entered into the debit side where as all
payments are entered on the credit side of the account. it is a real account. It is ends with a
closing balance of cash.
58. WRITE A NOTE AN INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT.
It is a nominal account. All expenses and losses are entered in the debit side while all the
incomes and gains are entered on the credit side.
The balance of the account represents either the excess of income over expenditure (surplus) or
excess of expenditure over income (deficit).
59. WHAT IS LEGACY?
It is the amount received by the concern as per will of the doner. It is treaded as capital receipt.
60. WRITE A NOTE AN SUBSCRIPTION
The members of associators as per rules required to pay annual membership it is called
subscription. It appears on the receipt side of the receipt and payment account.
61. LIFE MEMBERSHIP FEES-EXPLAIN
A lump sum Payment made by the member of the association to enable them the members for
whole of life. It is substitute for annual membership.
PART-B
1.State the objectives of financial accounting.
2.Distinguish between accounting and book-keeping.
3.what are the functions of accounting.?
4.what are the advantages of double entry system.?
5.Distinguish between single entry and double entry system.
6.Explain he various types of accounts with examples.
7.State the Golden rules of Double Entry System.
8.Give a specimen ruling of journal.
9.Distinguish between journal and ledger.
10.What are the objectives of maintaining subsidiary books.
11.Explain the advantages of using subsidiary books.
20
12.Distinguish between trade and cash discount.
13.Mention the various subsidiary books.=Explain
14.Give specimen of purchases book.
15.Explain the various types of cash book.
16.What are the advantages of Imprest system of petty cash book.?
17.Give a specimen of trading account.
18.Distinguish between trial balance and balance sheet.
19.state the objectives of preparing trial balance.
20.Explain the accounting treatment regarding:
(a) prepaid expenses (b) outstanding expenses
While preparing final accounts.
21.Explain the advantages and disadvantages of straight line depreciation method.
22.explain the advantages and disadvantages of written down method of depreciation.
23.Explain the annuity method of providing depreciation.
24.Distinguish between capital and revenue expenditure.
25.Distinguish between capital and revenue receipts‘
26.How do you prepare receipts and payments account.?
27.Explain the steps required in preparing income and expenditure account.
28.journalise the following transactions.
2003 October Rs.
1.received cash from Siva 75,000
7.paid cash to Sayeed 45,000
10.bought goods for cash 27,000
12.bought goods on credit from David 48,000
15.sold goods for cash 70,000.
21
29.what are the different methods of preparing trial balance.?
30.pass the necessary adjusting entries for
(a) closing stock
(b) bad debts
31.what are the causes of depreciation?
32.Ram manufacturing company purchased a machinery on 1st April 2002 for Rs.1,00,000. After
having used it for three years it was sold for Rs.85,000.
Depreciation is to b provided every year at the rate of 10%.p.a. on the fixed instalment method.
Books are closed on 31st March every year. Find out the profit and loss on sale of machinery.
33.Make a Bank Reconciliation of Mr. Udauakumar from the following particulars..
Rs.
(a) Balance as per cash book 1,500
(b) Cheques deposited but not cleared 100
(c) Cheques issued but not presented for payment 150
(d) Interest allowed by bank 25
34.A company purchased machinery for Rs.100,000.Its installation costs amounted to Rs.10000.
Its estimated life is 5years and the scrap value is Rs.5,000.
Calculate the amount and rate of depreciation.
35.prepare trading account for the year ending 31st March 2004 from the following informations.
Rs.
Opening stock(1-4-2003) 70,000
Purchases returns 15,000
Sales 2,50,000
Wages 60,000
Sales returns 20,000
Purchases 1,00,000
Carriage inwards 17,000
22
Closing stock 60,000
36. journalise the following transactions.
1994. Jan
1.Mr.Kumar commenced business with cash Rs.50,000
Building Rs.100,000,Bank balance Rs.1,00,000
3.purchased goods for cashRs.7,000
4. purchased goods for Rs,7,500 from D &co
5.sold goods to S &co for Rs.9,500.
6.sold goods to Nithya &co Rs.6,500
7.sold goods Rs.2,000
8.obtaind a loan from Indian bankrs.20,000
9.purchased furniture Rs.2,000
10. purchased landby issuing a cheque of Rs.25,000
37.prepare a bank reconciliation atatement.
Rs.
Balance as per pass book(cr) (31.12.01) 9,000
Cheque isseued but not presented 15,000
Cheque deposited but not credited 1,500
Bank has given credit for interest 150
38.prepare trading account from the following data.
Rs.
Opening stock 5,670
Sales 15,200
Returns inward 524
23
Warehouse wages paid 1,400
Purchases 13,816
Purchases returns 390
Import charges 250
Closing stock 8,880
39.A company purchased a second hand plant for Rs.30,000.It immediately spent Rs.5,000 on it.
The plant was put to use on 1.1.90. After having used it for six years ,it was sold for
Rs.15,000.prepare the plant account for 6 years, providing depreciation 10% on original cost.
40.Prepare the Trial Balance from the following
Rs. Rs.
Cash 4,000 Plant and Machinery 30,000
Capital 25,000 Bank Loan 6,000
Closing Stock 5,000 Sales 10,000
Outstanding Expenses 1,000 Reserve Fund 3,000
Drawings 3,000 Outstanding Income 4,000
Purchases 15,000 Creditors 15,000
Purchases Returns 1,000
41.A trader takes a lease for 5 years for Rs.5,000.He decides to write off lease by annuity method
providing the rate of interest at 5%. The annuity table shows that annual amount necessary to write
off Re.1 in 5 years at 5% p.a is Re.0230975. Show the lease account for 5years.
42.What are adjusting entries ? Why are there necessary for preparing final accounts?
43.Ascertain the Gross Profit from the following.
Rs. Rs.
Opening stock 60,000 Sales returns 9,000
Closing stock 90,000 carriage in wards 6,000
Purchases 2,40,000 carriage outwards 12,000
24
Purchases return s 6,000 freight and duty 15,000
Sales 4,80,000 rent and taxes 10.500
44.Describe the features of non-trading concern.
45.Distinguish between profit and loss account and balance sheet.
46.What are the features of balance sheet?
47. What ia accounting cycle?
48.What is the need for providing depreciation?
49.Journalise the following transactions:
2003.
April1 Commenced business with cash Rs.50,000 and machinery Rs.10000
2 Deposited into bank Rs.20,000
10 purchased goods worth Rs.8,000
15 purchased goods from Roysons for Rs.5,000
20 Withdrew from bank for office use Rs.2000
50. Enter the following transactions on purchases book and sakes book
2005 Jan 1 Bought goods from Babu Rs.10,000
2. sold goods to Somu Rs.5,000
3 Purchased goods from Gopal Rs.4,000
10 Sold goods to Thomas Rs.3,500
15 Sold goods to Jayapal Rs.250
20 Purchased goods from Ramesh Rs.3,000
30 Sold goods to suresh Rs.300.
51. Write a note on depreciation.
25
52. A company Whose accounting year is the calendar year, purchased on 1st April 2002, Machine
costing Rs.30,000. It purchased further machinery on 1st October 2002 costing Rs.20,000 and on 1
st
July 2002 costing Rs.10,000. On 1st January 2004 one third of the machinery installed on is April
2002 became obsolete sold for Rs.3,000
Show the machinery account by fixed instalment method at 10 %p.a for3 years.
53. Find out the amount of salaries to be debited to income and expenditure
Account from the details given below.
Payment made for salaries during 2006 Rs.48,000
Outstanding salary as on 31.12.2005 Rs. 2,000
Outstanding salary as on 31.12.2006 Rs. 3,200
Prepaid salary as on 31.12.2005 Rs. 1,200
Prepaid salary as on 31.12.2006 Rs. 1,600
54. prepare profit and loss account from the following balances.
Rs. Rs.
Office rent 3,000 Salaries 8,000
Printing expenses 2,200 Stationeries 2,400
Tax, insurance 1,400 Discount allowed 600
Discount received 400 Travelling expenses 2,000
Advertisement 3,600 Gross profit 25,500
55.Prepare a trading account with imaginary figures.
PART-C
1.Discuss the advantages and limitations of accounting.
2.Write the advantages and limitations of double entry system.
3.Explain the accounting concepts in detail.
4.Explain the various reasons for preparing BRS.
26
5.State the difference between Income and Expenditure Account and Receipts and Payments
Account.
6.What are the different kinds of depreciation.
7.Enter the following transactions in journal and post them into the ledge of Hans Raj of Chennai:
Mar 2000
1 Commenced business with cash-Rs.30,000
2 Purchased goods for cash - Rs.1,500
3 Deposited into bank - Rs.21,000
5 Withdrew from bank for office use – Rs.1,500
6 Sold goods to Ramu – Rs.1,500
10 Purchased goods on credit from Kannan Rs.680
19 Received from Ramu Rs.1470 and discount allowed Rs.30.
20 Cash sales – Rs.2,400
27 Paid to Kannan in full settlement Rs. 650
28 Paid rent – Rs.150
29 Paid salary – Rs.300
Accounts are closed on 31st March 2000.
8.Enter the following transactions in the purchases book and post them into
relevant ledger.
1998 Rs.
Aug 1 Bought goods from Aravind 1,500
Aug 4 Bought goods from Balan 1,000
Aug 8 Bought goods from Chandran 500
Aug12 Bought goods from Durai 750
9. Prepare Trial Balance as on 31st Msrch2004 from the following balances extracted in the books of
sankar.
Rs. Rs.
Sankar‘s capital 30,000 Bills payable 7,000
27
Sales 30,000 Discount earned 800
Interest (Dr) 400 Sundry debtors 15,000
Sales returns 1,000 Commission (Dr) 1,000
Purchases returns 800 Plant and machinery 8,000
Sundry creditors 4,000 Misc.Income 400
Purchases 20,000 Wages 7,000
Cash in hand 1,800 Rent 800
Cash at bank 6,000 Telephone charges 1,000
Bills receivable 11,000
10. Enter the following transactions on Three column cash book of Mr.Muthu and balance the same
2003 August Rs.
1. Cash in hand 75,000
Cash at bank 40,000
4 paid into bank 20,000
6 Purchased machinery by cheque 10,000
8 Received from Mohan 2,560
Discount allowed 40
10. Paid to Somu by cheque Rs.3970 in full settlement
Of his account 4,000
11. Withdrew cash from bank for personal use 5,000
15.Received cheque from Balan 4,900
Allowed him discount 100
19 Balan‘s cheque deposited into bank -
24.Anandan our customer has paid directly into our
28
Bank account 10,000
25 Rent paid by cheque 3,000
11.Enter the following transactions in the cash book and post them into ledger
2002 Dec Rs. 2002Dec Rs.
1. Cash in hand 5,100 20 Withdrew from bank
For expenses 2,200
3 Cash sales 5,600 25 cash purchases 3,000
5 Received from Viney 800 27 Cash sales 2,400
7 Paid into bank 10,000 28 Received from Raj 1,100
10 Paid for postage 200 29 Drew for personal use 900
12 Paid for wages 100 30 Deposited into bank
all cash in excess 1,000
15 Received interest on
Investment 200
12. From the following particulars prepare balance sheet ss at 31st December 2005.
Rs. Rs.
Capital 70,000 Loan to B 7,500
Buildings 82,500 Investments 45,000
Furniture 3,750 Cash in hand 300
Bills receivable 5,250 Cash at bank 5,250
Sundry debtors 30,000 Drawings 45,000
Bills payable 3,750 Net profit 58,350
Sundry creditors 23,700 Stock 10,500
Machinery 6,750
29
13. From the following trial balance prepare Trading and Profit and loss account for the year ended
December 31. 1993 and a Balance Sheet as on that date.
Trial balance
Particulars Debit Credit
Rs. Rs.
Capital 40,000
Sales 20,000
Purchases 15,000
Salaries 2,000
Rent 1,500
Insurance 300
Drawings 5,000
Machinery 28,000
Bank balance 4,500
Cash 2,000
Stock 1.1.93 5,200
Debtors 2,500
Creditors 1,000
________ __________
66,000 66, 000
________ __________
Adjustments:
(a) Stock on 31.12.93 – Rs.4,900
(b) Salaries unpaid - Rs. 300
(c) Rent paid in advance – Rs.200
(d) Insurance prepaid – Rs.90
30
14. Senthil‘s book shows the following balances. Prepare the final statement for the year ended 31st
March 2005
Particulars Debit Credit
Rs. Rs.
Stock on 1.4.2004 1,50,000
Purchases 1,30,000
Sales 3,00,000
Carriage in wards 2,000
Salaries 50,000
Printing and stationery 5,000
Drawings 17,000
Sundry creditors 20,000
Sundry debtors 1,80,000
Furniture 10,000
Capital 2,50,000
Postage 7,500
Interest paid 4,000
Machinery 41,500
Loan 25,000
Suspense A/c 5,000
6,00,000 6,00,000
Adjustments:
(a) Closing stock Rs.1,20,000
(b) Provide 5% for bad and doubtful debts
(c) Depreciation machinery and furniture by 5%
(d) Allow interest on capital at 5%
31
(e) Prepaid printing charges Rs.2,000
15.A second hand machine was purchased on 1.1.90. for Rs.30,000 and repair amounted to rs.6,000.
It was installed at accost of Rs4,000. On 1.7.91 another machine was purchased for Rs.26,000. On
1st July 92 the first machine was sold for Rs. 30,000..onthe same day, one machine bought for
Rs.25,000. On 31.12.92, the machine bought on 1.7.91 was sold for Rs.23,000. Accounts are
closed every year on 31st December. Depreciation is written off at 15% p.a under straight line
method. Prepare the machinery a/c for 3 years ending 31.12.92.
16.A second hand machinery was bought on 1st January 1980 for Rs.30,000 and Rs.6,000 and
Rs.4,000 were spent on its repairs and erection immediately. On 1st July1981 another machinery was
purchased for Rs.26,000 on ist July 1982 the first machinery was sold for Rs.30,000 depreciation is
written off at 10% p.aon the diminishing balance.
Show the machinery a/c for the three years.
17. from the following particulars compute the amount of subscription to be shown in the income and
expenditure account.
Life membership subscription received in 1999-2000
Subscription received in 1999-20000 are as follows
1998 -1999 Rs.50,000
1999- 2000 Rs. 4,50,000
2000- 2001 Rs. 40,000
Subscription outstanding
In 1998 – 1999 Rs. 75,000
In 1999-2000 Rs. 1,00,000
Subscription received in advance in 1998 -1999
For 1999-2000 Rs.65,000
For 2000-2001 Rs.20,000
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18. From the following prepare an income and expenditure account for 1997:
Receipts Rs. Payments Rs.
Opening balance: Salaries 4,500
Bank 1,800 Rent 500
Subscriptions Stationery and postage 200
1996 500 Bicycle purchased 300
1997 8,300 National savings
1998 600 9,400 certificate 3,000
-----------
Sale of investments 2,000 Help in needy students 2,000
Sale of old furniture Balance :
(Book value Rs.400) 200 Bank 2,700
------------ - -----------
13,500 13,500
------------- ------------
Subscriptions for 1997 still receivable is Rs.700. Interest due on savings certificate
Rs.100 and rent unpaid but due was Rs.60.
19. The following is the Receipts and Payments account of Kandan club for the year ended
31,3,2002.
Receipts Rs. Payments Rs.
To Balance b/d 7,000 By salaries 28,000
To subscriptions: By general expenses 6,000
2000-2001 5,000 By electricity 4,000
2001-2002 20,000 By books purchased 10,000
2002-2003 4,000 29,000 By periodicals
---------- purchased 8,000
To rent for use of conference 14,000 By loan repaid 20,000
Room
To receipts from entertainment 28,000
Facilities By Balance c/d 4,000
To sale of old magazines 2,000
------------ -----------
80,000 80,000
-------------- ------------
Additional data:
(a) The club has 50 members each paying Rs. 500 p.a. as subscription.
(b) Subscriptions outstanding on 31.3.2002 Rs.6000
(c) Salaries outstanding Rs.2000, salaries paid include Rs.6,000 for 2000-01.
(d) On 1.4.2001 the club properties were:
33
Building Rs.2,00,000. Furniture and Fittings Rs.20,000 and Books Rs. 20,000.
(e) Provide 10% depreciation on building and furniture.
Prepare income and expenditure account and balance sheet for the year ending 31.3.2002
20. What are the accounting conventions? Explain in detail.
34
ALLIED COURSE I
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
OBJECTIVES:
To promote the ability to understand the basic conceptsof Economics
To give students the capacity to make relevance of economics in business decisions
To help them be equipped with economic tools for business analysis.
UNIT – I
Managerial Economics – Nature and Characteristics – Scope – Relationship with other
disciplines – Laws of Demand.
UNIT – II
Concept of Utility – Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility – Concept of Consumer
Surplus –Elasticity of Demand - Types.
UNIT – III
Factors of Production–Law of returns – Law of variable proportions – Law of returns to
scale – Economies of Large Scale Production.
UNIT – IV
Market Structures – Price and Output determination under perfect competition,
monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly.
UNIT – V
National Income – Concepts, Measurement and Difficulties in measurement –
Inequalities of Income – Causes.
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Subject :Managerial Economics
Subject Code: 16ACBB1
Part – A
1. Define Economics.
Alfred Marshall the great English economist defines Economics as, ―the study of mankind in
the ordinary business of life. ―It deals with man‘s day to day life of his work, of his income
and of his expenditure.
2. What is managerial economics?
―The integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating
decision – making and forward planning by management‖.
3. What are Giffen goods?
The poor people will demand more of inferior goods if their prices rise and demand less if
their prices fall.
4. What is a firm?
It is an organized entity designed to pursue certain well defined objectives.
5. Distinguish between demand curve and demand schedule.
Demand schedule is a table or statement showing how much of a commodity is demanded
(purchased) in a particular market at different prices. Demand curves are only graphical
representation of demand schedule.
6. Define Law of Demand.
The relationship between the quantity demanded and the price.
7. What is meant by demand?
The desire for the commodity plus the willingness to buy and the purchasing power to pay.
8. Is managerial economics is positive or normative?
Positive economics is descriptive in character telling things ―as they are‖ while normative
economics deals with things as they ―ought to be‘ or ‗should be‘. This is prescriptive in
character. Thus, managerial economics is mainly a normative economics.
9. Why does the demand curve slope downwards?
Because of the inverse relationship between the price and quantity demanded.
36
10. What are all the various objectives of firm?
(a) Profit maximization (b) Sales maximization (c ) Achieving leadership
(d) for avoiding potential competition. (e) for preventing Government intervention and
maintaining customer good will.
11. Define consumer surplus.
It is an extra satisfaction obtained by a consumer by buying things at a price lower than he is
willing to pay.
12. What is an indifference curve?
An indifference curve shows different combinations of two commodities which give the
consumer an equal satisfaction.
13. What is marginal utility?
The utility of the one unit of the commodity or one more units of the commodity. It is the
extra satisfaction or additional satisfaction.
14. What do you mean by utility?
Utility means usefulness. It means the capacity of a commodity to satisfy human wants.
15. Define elasticity of demand.
The relationship between small changes in price and the consequent changes in the amount
demanded is known as elasticity of demand. This tells us the rate of change.
16. Define demand forecasting.
It product at a future period under given circumstances.
17. State the definition of law of equi- marginal utility.
It explains the behavior of the consumer who has to make a choice out of many given
commodities and services on which he can spend his limited amount of money.
18. Find out consumer surplus
Price actually paid 2000/- and price prepaid to pay 5000/-
Price prepaid to pay = 5000
Price actually paid = 2000
Consumer surplus = 3000
19. What do you mean by scale of preference?
The order of preference is known as ‗Scale of preference‘. It is a device by which the utilities
of commodities are compared and chosen.
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20. What is indifference map?
An indifference map of a consumer represents his tastes for the two goods and his preference
as lecturer different combinations of them. Thus, it displays consumer‘s scale of preference.
21. What is consumer equilibrium?
It means the consumer attains equilibrium when he gets the maximum satisfaction with the
available income and price of the two commodities.
22. What is marginal rate of substitution?
The rate at which an under dual will exchange successive units of one commodity for another.
This tells us how much the consumer substitutes one commodity with another or how much
one commodity is exchanged for another commodity.
23. Define indifference schedule.
It is a statement of various combinations of two goods that will be equally acceptable to the
consumer. The various combinations give the consumer equal satisfaction and as such, he is
indifferent to various combinations.
24. Define law of diminishing marginal utility
The additional satisfaction we get in consuming the successive units of the commodity will go
on diminishing.
―The additional benefit which a person derives from a given increase of his stock of a thing
diminishes with every increase in the stock of a thing that he already has‖.
-Alfred Marshall.
25. Define Production.
‗Production is the organized activity of transforming resources into finished products in the
form of goods and services; and the objective of production is to satisfy the demand of such
transformed resources‖.
Production is a process of in which the physical inputs are transformed into physical output.
-James Batees and J.R.Parkinson
26. Define Productivity
P=Output (Minimize the input Maximize the output)
Input
38
27. Why do you get increasing returns in production?
The increasing returns where the total product, the marginal product and average product are
increasing
28. How will you define economics of scale?
Economics arise purely due to endogenous factors relating to efficiency of the entrepreneur of
his managerial talents or the type of machinery used or the marketing strategy adopted.
29. What are the factors of production?
Land Labour, Capital and Organization.
30. Define Cob-Douglas production function.
A – KlaC
(1-a)
Where ‗Q‘ is output, ‗L‘ the quantity of labour and ‗C‘ the quantity of capital ‗K‘ and ‗a‘ are
positive constants.
Labour contributed about 3/4 th and capital about 1/4
th of the increase in the manufacturing
production. It shows constant returns to scale.
31. Define ISO – Quant Curve
ISO – Quant curve or equal product curve indicates all possible combination of two input
which are capable of producing the same level of output.
32. Define the various stages of Laws of production?
(i) Increasing returns to stage (ii) negative returns to stage
(iii) Diminishing returns to stage
33. What do you mean by production function?
It expresses the relationship between the combination of inputs and outputs.
34. What are the assumption of production function?
(i)It is divisible (ii) It can be situated to a short run or to a long run. (iii) there is no change in
technology. (iv) It is related to a particular period of time.
35. Explain the team of law of variable proportion?
It is the fundamental law of production which consists two phases, namely the law of
increasing returns and the law of diminishing returns operates with a particular level of
technology. The law which examines the relationship between one variable factor and output
keeping the quantities of other factors fixed.
39
36. What do you mean by diseconomies of scale?
Increase in cost per unit at larger scale of output attributable to the loss of control associated
with attempting to manage a larger organization.
37. How many ways market can be categorized? Explain it.
In two ways and they are product market and factor market.
product market :It refers to an arrangement in effecting buying and selling of commodities.
Factor market: There are factor markets in which factors of production are such as land,
labour and capital are transacted.
38. Define Plant or Factory or Establishment?
A body of persons engaged in production or distribution at a given time and place in
contiguous buildings and controlled by a single firm.EX: farms,offices and shops.
39. What is a Firm?
A firm has more than one plant and these plants may be located at different places.
40. What is a Market?
It is the act or technique of buying and selling. If refers to a public place in which goods and
services are bought and sold.
41. Define Monopoly.
It denotes a single seller or producer having the control over the market.
42. What is perfect competition?
‗Rational conduct on the part of buyers and sellers, full knowledge, absence of friction,
perfect mobility and perfect divisibility of factors of production and completely static
conditions‖. -Frank Knight
43. Who is Oligopoly?
If refers to that form of imperfect competition where there will be only a few sellers
producing either a homogeneous product or products which are close substitutes. But not
perfect substitutes.
44. What is future market?
Those transactions which income contracts of the future date.
45. Define Monopoly?
If refers to a market in which there is a single layer or a single purchasing agency. A single
seller faces a single buyer in the market.
40
46. How would you classify the „Market‟ on the basis of time?
(i)very-short period market (ii) short-period market
(iii) long period market (iv) very-long period or secular market
47. What is Bilateral monopoly?
It is a situation in which a monopolist faces or monopolist (ie) a single seller faces a single
buyer in the market. Ex: A tea estate owner supplying raw materials to a tea manufacturing
company in the area.
48. Define GNP.
It is defined as the money value at market prices of all final good and services produced by an
economy during a given year.
49. What is national income?
It refers to ‗total national output‘ or ‗Value of a nations‘ output during a specific year (usually
one year)
50. What is wealth?
They are physical stock of goods.
51. What is flow?
Flow represents quantities of things over a period of time.
52. Define Stock.
It represents quantities of things in existence at a particular moment.
53. What is Percapita Income?
Percapita Income = GNP
Population
When the national income is divided by the population of the country. We get the per capita
income of the country in a given year.
54. What do your mean by NNP?
Net production of goods and services in a country during the year. It is GNP minus the value
of capital consumed or depreciation during the year.
55. What are the various causes of inequalities of income?
(i) capitalistic tinge (ii) system of private property (iii) the law of inheritance
(vi) monopolies and pressure groups (v) mobility of factors (vi) occupational differences
41
56. Define industry.
An industry is a group of firms but it is not easy to divide what types of firms should be
grouped together to make a particular industry.
57. Explain Economic Development.
It refers to the process of expansion which leads to a higher level of per capita real income
over a long period of time.
58. Define inflation.
Inflation is understood as a situation of substantial and rapid general increase in the level of
prices and consequent deterioration in the value of money over a period of time.
59. Define Economic Value Added.
Economic Value Added is the net operating profit after taxes minus the cost of capital times
the amount of capital utilized.
60. What are various determinants of economic growth?
1.Human resources and its quality.
2.Natural Resources.
3.Capital Formation.
4.Technologyical Development.
5.Social and Political Factor.
Above these four factors are considered the ―four wheels‖ of economic growth.
42
CORE COURSE II
MARKETING MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES:
To expose students to marketing concepts and trends in the market.
To promote the ability to relate consumer behaviour and market trends
To make students realize the relationship between marketing channels and corresponding
strategies.
UNIT – I
Market and Marketing: Distinction between marketing and selling - Types of market –
Concepts – Functions - Marketing management – Objectives – Importance - Marketing
Environment - Marketing Information System.
UNIT – II
Market Segmentation: Criteria of effective segmentation – Benefits – Bases for market
segmentation - Factors influencing consumer behavior – Buyer motives – Buying process.
UNIT – III
Marketing Mix - Product planning and development – Productmix decisions – New
product development – Product life cycle and strategies - Pricing – Meaning –
Influencing factors – Objectives – Pricing methods.
UNIT – IV
Marketing channels -Need and importance – Classification – Types of Intermediaries –
Wholesalers – Functions – Retailers – Functions - Physical distribution – Elements of
physical distribution (logistics)
UNIT – V
Promotion mix - Personal selling –Process - Advertising – Objectives – Types - Sales
promotion – Objectives – Sales promotion methods, publicity and public relations.
43
EVEN SEMESTER
I B.B.A
MARKETING MANAGEMENT
SUBJECT CODE: 16CCBB3
PART-A
1. What is a Market?
Market has been derived from the Latin word ―MARCATUS‖ which means to trade.
According to Pyle, ― Market includes both place and region in which buyers & sellers are in
free competition with one another‖
2. Define Marketing
According to the American Marketing Association, ―Marketing is concerned with the people
and the activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the producer to the
customer‖
3. Define Selling
The process of transferring ownership of goods from the seller to the buyer is known as
selling.
4. Define Marketing Management.
Marketing management is the art of getting things done from the marketing staff by the
marketing manager. When the techniques of management are applied in the field of marketing
it will come to be known as marketing management.
5. Define Marketing Planning.
Marketing planning defines the role and responsibilities of marketing executives in such a
way as to achieve the goals of the firm by laying emphasis on the allocation of marketing
resources in the best and most economical way.
6. What is Marketing Strategy?
Marketing strategy is a set of objectives, policies and rules that guide over time marketing
efforts of the concern for attaining the marketing objectives of the firm.
7. What is a Marketing System?
According to STANTON, ― Marketing system is an interacting set of institutions, activities
and flows designed to facilitate exchange transactions between an organization (business or
non-business) and its market.
44
8. What is Niche Marketing?
Concentrating all marketing efforts on a small but specific and well defined segment of the
population is known as Niche marketing.
9. What do you mean by Direct Marketing?
Direct marketing is the process by which a firm approaches its customers on one to one basis
and markets its products directly to them.
10. What is Social Marketing?
Social marketing will be done by applying the principles and techniques of marketing to solve
certain problems confronting the society.
11. What do you mean by Demarketing?
It refers to the practice of discouraging the consumers from buying. The consumers are not
expected or encouraged to buy more. This situation arise when scarcity occurs, demand is
more, production is less in order to ensure equitable distribution of essential commodities.
12. What is Remarketing?
The technique of finding new users or uses for a product is known as remarketing.
13. What is Rural Marketing?
Rural marketing is indentifying and serving the needs of consumers living in villages. It
involves inflow of products into rural markets for production of consumption. There is also
outflow of products to urban areas.
14. What is Meta Marketing?
Meta market is a web-based market centered around an event or an industry rather than a
single product. There are markets of complementary products that are closely related in the
minds of consumers but spread across different industries.
15. What is Mass Marketing?
Mass marketing is the advertising or promotion of a product good or service to a wide variety
of audiences with the expectation of appealing to as many people as possible.
16. What is Marketing Environment?
Marketing activities are influenced by several factors inside and outside a business firm.
These factors or forces influencing marketing decision making are collectively called
marketing environment.
45
17. What is Political Environment?
Political conditions prevailing both at the national and international level influence marketing
activities. It consists of factors related to the management of public affairs and their impact
on the business of an organization. It also has a close relationship with the economic system
and economic policy.
18. Define Marketing Mix.
Accordingly to ‗Stanton‘ ―Marketing mix is used to describe the combination of the four
inputs which constitute the core of a company‘s marketing system the product, the price
structure, the promotional activities and the distribution system‖.
19. What is Modern Marketing Concept?
The marketing concept is a consumer‘s needs orientation backed by integrated marketing
aimed at generating consumer satisfaction as the key to satisfy organisational goals.
20. What do you mean by Market Information System?
According to ‗Philip Kotler‘ ―Marketing Information System is a continuing and interacting
structure of people, equipments and procedures to gather, sort, analyse, evaluate and distribute
pertinent timely and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers to improve
their marketing planning, execution and control‖.
21. What is Marketing Myopia?
The concept of Marketing Myopia has been developed by ‗Theodore Levitt‘. According to
this concept certain marketing views marketing in a narrow perspective. They fail to
understand the kind of impact they can create by affectively performing their tasks.
22. What is Environmental Scanning?
Environmental scanning is the process of gathering filtering and analysing information
related to the marketing environment by monitoring the changes taking place in the
environment and forecasting future status of each factor.
23. What are buying motives?
A consumer buys a particular product because he is influenced by certain motives. Motives is
a strong feeling, urge, instinct, desire or emotion that makes the buyer to react in the form of
decision to buy.
24. What is Consumer behaviour?
Consumer behaviour can be defined as the activities and the actions of people and
organisation that purchase and use economic goods and services including the influence on
these activities and actions.
46
25. Differentiate Buyer from Consumer.
Buyer is the one who actually purchases a product or service. He may or may not use it.
Consumer is the person who actually uses a product and he need not necessarily be a buyer.
26. Define Market Segmentation.
Market segmentation is the process of taking the total heterogeneous market for a product and
dividing it into several sub-markets or segments each of which tends to be homogenous in all
significant respects.‖
27. What is a Product?
Product is a bundle of utilities consisting of various product features and accompanying
services.
28. What is Product Line?
Product line refers to a group of products that are closely related because they satisfy a class
of needs are used together are sold to the same customer groups are marketed through the
same type of outlets or fall within given price change.
29. What is Product Item?
Product item means a specific version of a product that has a separate designation in the
seller‘s list. It refers to a specific model, brand or size of a product that a company sells.
30. What do you mean by Brand?
A brand is a name, term, symbol or design or a combination of them which is intended to
identify the goods or services of one seller or a group of sellers and to differentiate them from
those of competitors.
31. What is Brand Name?
Brand name is a word, letter, group of words or letters comprising a name which is intended
to identify the goods or services of a seller or a group of sellers and to differentiate them from
those of competitors.
32. What is Trade Name?
A trade name is the name of business preferably the name of the organisation itself. It brings
out the identity of the manufacturer and the product.
33. What is Trade Mark?
When a brand name or brand mark is registered and legalised it becomes a trade mark.
47
34. What are the stages in Product Life Cycle?
The stages of Product Life cycle for a product are Introduction, growth, Maturity, saturation
and decline.
35. What is Product Mix?
Product mix is the list of all products offered for sale by a company.
36. What do you mean by Product Innovation?
Product innovation is the creation and subsequent introduction of a good or service that is
either new or an improved version of previous goods or services.
37. What is Trading Up?
Trading up refers to the decision of a business which is marketing a low priced product to
add a high priced product to its list.
38. What is Trading Down?
Trading down refers to the decision of a business selling mainly high priced goods to
introduce low priced goods into the market.
39. What do you mean by Product Diversification?
Product diversification means adding a new product to the existing product line. It may be
new products , new markets or new technologies.
40. What is Product Elimination?
It means that a product is removed from the product line. When there is no demand for a
product or when a demand declines to obsolescence marketing of such product is of no use.
41. What are Consumer Goods?
Consumer goods are meant for final consumption by consumers and not for sale.
42. What do you mean by Convenience Goods?
The goods that the consumers buy frequently immediately and with minimum shopping effort
is known as convenience goods.
43. What do you mean by Shopping Goods?
These are goods purchased by the consumers only after a careful comparison – suitability ,
quality price and style.
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44. What do you mean by Speciality Goods?
These are goods with unique Characteristics or brand identification and the purchasers make
a special purchasing effort is known as speciality goods.
45. Define Product Planning.
Product planning has been defined by AMA as ―the act of making out and supervising the
search, screening , development and commercialisation of new products, the modification of
existing lines and the discontinuance of marginal or unprofitable items‖
46. What is a new Product?
New products are product that are really innovative – truly unique, replacements for existing
products that are significantly different from the existing goods and imitative products that are
new to a company but not new to the market.
47. Define Price
Price may be defined as the exchange of goods or services in terms of money.
48. What is a Price mix?
Price mix in the value of the product determined by the producers. It includes the decisions
as to price level to be adopted, discount to the offered and terms of credit to be allowed to
customers.
49. What is Skimming Pricing?
It involves high initial price of the product at the time of introduction of the product in the
market for maximisation of profit at the shortest period when market conditions are
favourable.
50. What is Penetrating pricing?
A low price is designed in the initial stage with a view to capture great market share.
51. What is Retail pricing?
Retail price is a price at which a retailer sells the products to his buyers.
52. What is Cost plus pricing?
When they set up the price initially a certain percentage is added to the cost before marking
the price which is generally adopted by wholesalers and retailers.
53. What is Physical distribution?
Physical distribution refers to those marketing activities like transportation, storage and
warehousing that enable the flow of goods to the consumers.
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54. Differentiate Advertisement From Publicity
Advertisement is any non-personal presentation and promotion of goods or services by an
identified sponsor whereas Publicity refers to any form of news commercially significant
about a product or service or institution that is not paid for.
55. What is Publicity?
Publicity refers to any form of news commercially significant about a product or service or
institution that is not paid for.
56. Who is a Wholesaler?
Wholesalers are the people who buy in bulk from the producers and sell in small quantities to
the retailers.
57. Who is a Retailer?
Retailers are the people who buy in small quantities from the wholesalers and sell to the
ultimate consumers.
58. What is meant by Personal Selling?
Personal selling may be defined as ―the personal process of assisting and / or persuading a
prospective customer to buy a commodity or service and to act favourably upon an idea that
has commercial significance to the sellers‖
59. Distinguish advertising from Salesmanship.
Advertising is an impersonal nature of selling whereas salesmanship is a personal or direct
contact that exists in selling through the salesman to the customers.
60. Define Promotion
Promotion is to inform the buyers about the availability of certain goods and services by
communicating the product information to the potential buyers.
61. What is Promotional Mix?
The various promotional activities such as sales promotion, advertising, personal selling,
publicity and public relations which is involved in facilitating the sales.
62. What is Scientific Advertising?
Scientific advertising is drawn by considering all relevant factors connected with
advertising.
63. What is Advertising Budget?
The amount set aside exclusively for advertising is known as advertising budget.
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64. What is an Advertising Agency?
Advertising agency is an organisation that under takes the job of advertising for and on behalf
of others.
65. What is an Advertisement Media?
Advertisement media are devices that carry the advertisement messages.
66. What is Sales Promotion?
Sales promotion refers to those sales activities that supplement both personal selling and
advertising and co-ordinate them and help to make them effective such as displays shows
and expositions,demonstrations and other non-recurrent selling efforts not in the ordinary
routine‖.
67. What is Public Relations?
The rapport that the business maintains with the members of the public is what is known as
public relations.
PART-B
1. State the importance of marketing.
2. State the objectives of marketing.
3. Distinguish between marketing and selling.
4. State the characteristics of marketing management.
5. Is marketing a science or an art?
6. What are the functions of marketing management?
7. What are the factors influencing modern marketing concept?
8. State the importance of MIS.
9. Discuss the elements of marketing mix.
10. Write a note on Marketing Environment.
11. State the benefits of market segmentation.
12. Describe the factors affecting market segmentation
13. What are the conditions precedent to successful market segmentation?
Explain them.
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14. What are the major factors influencing buyer behaviour ?
15. Describe the various stages involved in the buying process.
16. State the basis for market segmentation,
17. What do you understand by the term product ? What are its characteristics?
18. Explain the stages of product life cycle of a product.
19. Explain the components of product mix.
20. Examine the influence of discounts and allowances on pricing decisions.
21. What are the determinants of price of a product ?
22. Describe the factors affecting pricing decisions.
23. State the objectives of pricing.
24. State the importance of price.
25. Why do products fail ?
26. State the importance of channel of distribution.
27. What are the formalities to be followed for the selection of a media ?
28. Explain the different types of channels of distribution.
29. Distinguish between MIS and Marketing research.
30. What are the services rendered by the wholesalers ?
31. What are the services rendered by the retailers ?
32. State the importance of personal selling.
33. Is salesmanship a science or an art ?
34. State the objectives of personal selling.
35. What are the objectives of advertising.
36. State the importance of advertising.
37. Distinguish between advertising and salesmanship.
38. Distinguish between advertising and sales Promotion.
39. Is advertising a waste ?
40. Explain the merits and demerits of advertising.
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41. State the objectives of promotion.
42. What are the limitations of Sales Promotion ?
43. What are the various kinds of advertising ?
PART-C
1. Bring out the role of marketing in the economic development of a country.
2. Enumerate the functions of marketing.
3. What are the approaches to the study of marketing ?
4. Elucidate marketing environment.
5. Explain the classification of markets.
6. Explain the evolution of marketing concept.
7. Describe the various theories on ―Buyer Behaviour‖.
8. Explain the various factors that determine buyer behavior.
9. Describe the different stages of product life cycle.
10. Describe the various methods of pricing.
11. Describe the factors influencing pricing decisions.
12. What are the various kinds of pricing strategies?
13. What are the procedure for price determination ?
14. ―Middlemen cannot be eliminated‖-Do you agree with this statement.
15. Discuss the various factors to be considered in selecting the channels of distribution.
16. ―Marketing information system has been called the life- blood of marketing.‖- Comment.
17. ―Salesmen are born and not made‖. Discuss.
18. What are the qualities of a successful salesman ?
19. Explain the various kinds of sales promotion.
20. Explain the various advertising media.
21. What qualities should be possessed by a good advertisement copy ?
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Business Environment
Coursecode : 16ACBB2
UNIT SYLLABUS
I Business – Scope – Characteristics – Goals – Criticisms – Business Environment –
Objectives and types
II Economic Environment – Concept – Factors – Basic Economic System - Economic
planning – Privatization – Nature and objectives
III Political Environment – Political institutions – Legislature, Executives and Judiciary –
Government in Business – Regulatory, intervention and participatory roles
IV Financial Environment – Financial system – RBI – Commercial banks – International
Economic Institutions – World bank – IMF – WTO
V Social and Cultural Environment – Impact of culture on business – People‘s attitude to
Business and work – Business and society – Social Responsibility of Business - CSR
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SECTION – A
1. Define Business.
"Business represents the organized efforts of enterprises to supply consumer with goods and
services".
- Musselman and Hughes
2. What is Business?
Business is an economic activity, which is related with continuous and regular production and
distribution of goods and services for satisfying human wants under certain market conditions.
3. List out the elements of Business Environment.
Physical elements
Biological elements
Cultural elements
Psychological elements
4. Define Environment.
The Environment of any organization is "The aggregate of all conditions, events and
influences that surround and affect it".
5. What are the segments of Environment?
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
6. What is Business Environment?
The Business Environment refers to the external Environment and includes all factors outside
the firm, which lead to opportunities and threats of a firm.
7. Define Business Environment.
"The Environment of a company as the pattern of all external influences that affect its life and
development".
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- Andrews
8. What is Internal Environment?
Internal Environment refers to factors existing within a business firm. The internal factors are
generally regarded as controllable factors because the company has control over these factors; it can
alter or modify such factors as its personnel, physical facilities, organization and functional means,
such as marketing mix, to suit the Environment.
9. What is External Environment?
The External Environment refers to the factors existing outside the business firm. The
external factors are, by and large, beyond the control of a company. The External Environment
factors such as the economic factors, socio-cultural factors, government and legal factors,
demographic factors, geo-physical factors, etc., are therefore, generally regarded as uncontrollable
factors.
10. What is demographic Environment?
`Demographic factors like the size, growth rate, age composition, sex composition, etc., of the
population, educational levels, languages, caste, religion etc., are all factors which are relevant to
business which affect the demand for goods and services.
11. What is economy?
An economy is an area of production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and
services by different agents in a given geographical location in various countries.
12. What do you mean by Economic Environment?
The economic Environment is and amalgamation of various economic factors, such as total
employment productivity, income, wealth, inflation and interest rates. These factors influence the
spending patterns of individuals and firms.
13. What is economic factors?
The process of economic growth is a highly complex phenomenon and its influenced by
numorous and varied factors such as political, social, and cultural factors.
14. List out the various types of economy.
Capitalistic economy
Socialistic economy
Mixed economy
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15. What is basic economic system?
An economic system or economy is a system designed by a nation to utilize its resources for
the purpose of satisfying the needs and wants of peoples.
16. Define capitalist economy.
"Capitalism is a particular mode of organization of production which is characterized by
(a) Wage slavery
(b) Production of profit and
(c) Creation of surplus value"
- Carl Marx
17. What is socialist economy?
Socialism is an economic system where the means of production are either owned or
controlled by the state and the resource allocation, investment pattern, consumption, income
distribution, etc., are directed and regulated by the state.
18. What do you mean by mixed economy?
The mixed economy shares features of capitalism and state capitalism. It is characterized by
the co-existence of public and private sectors, and the over all government regulation of the economy.
19. Define privatization.
"Privatization is the transfer of government assets or functions to the private sector".
- M.Butler
20. What is LPG?
During economic planning a new economic policy called LPG was announced in year 1991.
This policy mainly emphasis on reduction of unnecessary restrictions and controls, allowing private
sector to set-up more and linking the economy of a country with the economies of other countries.
21. Define Globalization.
Globalization means linking the economy of a country with the economies of other countries
by means of free trade, free mobility of capital and labor, etc. It also means inviting Multinational
Corporations to invest in the nation.
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22. What is politics?
Politics refers to the activities, actions and policies that are used to gain and hold power in a
government or to influence a government.
23. What do you mean by political Environment?
The political Environment consists of factors related to the management of public affairs and
their impact on the business of an organization. Political Environment has a close relationship with
the economic system and the economic policy.
24. What is political system?
A political system is a system of politics and Government. It is usually compared to the law
system, economic system, cultural system and other social systems.
25. What is legislature?
The legislative organ of India is the Parliament. It consists of the President, the Lok Sabha
and the Rajya Sabha. The Parliament makes laws for governance of the country and has obsolute
control over the purse of the nation. No new taxes can be levied without its consent.
26. Explain the structure of legislature in India.
27. Write short notes on Executives
A Council of ministers looks after the matters of administration in the country. The President
of India is Head of the Country on paper but the all intents and purposes, the real power to rule is
vested in the council of ministers.
Legislature
Union
(Parliament)
Lok Sabha President Rajya Sabha
State
Legislative assembly
Legislative council
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28. Explain judiciary.
Our constitution provides an independent judiciary with wide powers. The highest court in
India is the Supreme court. The judiciary of India is an independent body and is separate from the
executive and legislative bodies of the Indian Government. The judiciary is the main arbiter of
disputes.
29. Explain the functions of supreme court.
The constitution of India impacts both original and appellate jurisdication to the supreme
court.
30. What are the various types of subordinate couts?
Every state has three types of suborinate courts. They are
Criminal courts
Civil courts
Revenue courts
31. Explain the term judicial activism.
The term ‗Judicial activism‘ is intended to refer to and cover, the action of the court in excess
of, and beyond the power of Judicial reviews.
32. Explain the two major aspects of government business relations.
a. The ‗rules of the game‘ with regard to market competition, and
b. The regulatory institutions that define and maintain the rules.
33. Government Intervention. Explain.
The Government is forced to intervene because of the anti-social effects of capitalism. The
abstractly individualistic theory on which capitalism is based result in a high degree of statism since
the economic system itself contains no means to combat its own socially destructive workings.
34. Define Financial Environment.
―A Financial Environment is a part of an economy with the major players being firms,
investors, and markets. Essentially, this sector can represent a large part of a well-developed
economy as individuals who retain private property have the ability to grow their capital‖
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35. What is Financial System?
The financial system of a country means a set of financial arrangements by which the savings
in the economy and mobilised for investment in productive assets.
36. List the constituents of the financial system.
Financial markets
Financial institutions
Financial instruments
Financial services
37. What is a capital market?
A Capital market may be defined as the market for lending and borrowing of medium and
long term funds.
38. What do you mean by money market?
Money market means the market for lending and borrowing short term funds. In other words,
it‘s a market where funds can be easily converted into cash.
39. What is a foreign exchange market?
In this market foreign currency is made available to the needy. It comprises the reserve bank
of India, authorised dealers in foreign currency, money changers, foreign banks, exporters and
importers.
40. Write the meaning of commercial banks.
A commercial bank is a financial institution that provides various financial service, such as
accepting deposits and issuing loans and offering basic investment products.
41. What is IMF?
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization created for the
purpose of standardizing global financial relations and exchange rates. It generally monitors the
global economy, and its core goal is to economically strengthen its member countries.
42. Explain the term WTO.
WTO stands for World Trade Organization. It is the only international organization dealing
with the rules of trade between nations.
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43. What do you mean by NBFCs?
In recent years Non-banking finance companies have made rapid progress in India. These
companies raise deposits from the public by offering attractive rates of interest and other incentives.
44. What do you mean by social Environment?
The social Environment consists of human relationships and the development, form and
functions of such a relationship which have a bearing on the business of an organisation.
45. List the factors of social Environment.
Demographic factors such as population, density and distribution, etc.
Social concerns such as the role of business in society, etc.
Social attitudes and values such as the expectations of the society from business.
Family structures and changes in them.
Role of women in society.
Educational levels and
Awareness and work ethics.
46. What is Cultural Environment?
Culture is everything that is socially learned and shared by the members of a society. Culture
consists of material and non-material components. Non-material culture includes the words people
use; the ideas, customs and beliefs they share; and the habits they pursue.
47. Define Cultural Environment.
―Culture is a body of learned behavior, a collection of beliefs, habits and traditions, shared by
a group of people and successively learned by people who enter society‖
- Mead
48. What is beliefs?
Beliefs consist of the very large number of mental or verbal statements that reflect a person‘s
particular knowledge and assessment of something.
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49. Write about values.
Values are also beliefs. Values differ from other beliefs, however, because they meet the
following criteria:
a. They are relatively few in number.
b. They serve as a guide for culturally appropriate behavior.
c. They are enduring or difficult to change.
d. They are not tied to specific objects or situations and
e. They are widely accepted by the members of a society.
50. What is social responsibilities of business?
According to Koontz and O‘Donnel, ―Social responsibility is the personal obligation of every
one as he acts for his own interests to assure that the rights and legitimate interests of all others are
not impinged‖.
51. Define social objectives of business.
―The objective of a firm is not profit maximization but sales maximization subject to a
minimum profit constraint‖.
- William J. Boumal
52. Define corporate social responsibility of business.
―Corporate social responsibility means devising corporate strategies and building a business
with the society‘s needs in mind‖.
- Cannon
53. What is business and society?
Business may be understood as the organized efforts of enterprises to supply consumers with
goods and services for a profit. Business influences the various aspects of society and the society in
turn affects business that is why it is basically business that has to adapt itself to changing demands
of society.
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SECTION – B
1. What is the scope of business?
2. List out the significance of business.
3. Enumerate the criticisms of business.
4. What are the characteristics of Environment?
5. List out the segment/sphere of Environment.
6. What are the elements of Environment?
7. Write the scope of Business Environment.
8. What are the objectives of Business Environment?
9. Explain internal and external Environment.
10. List out the benefits and limitations of Environment analysis.
11. What is the nature and basic unit of economic Environment?
12. Explain capitalist, socialist and mixed economy.
13. Economic planning. Explain.
14. What is LPG? Explain
15. What is political institution and what are its functions?
16. Briefly explain the structure of Executives in India.
17. Explain the structure of judiciary in India.
18. Explain briefly the control of government over business.
19. What is financial system and explain its functions.
20. Enumerate the term commercial bank.
21. Give a brief account on reserve bank of India.
22. Discuss the factors affecting business in social Environment
23. Explain the significance of social Environment
24. Bring out the nature of social responsibility of business
25. What are the various areas of social responsibility of business?
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SECTION – C
1. What are the characteristics of business?
2. List out the goals of business.
3. Write the characteristics of Business Environment
4. Explain the type/components of Business Environment.
5. What is micro and macro Environment? Explain.
6. Enumerate the impact of Business Environment
7. Explain the Environment analysis process.
8. Explain the term economic factors in detail.
9. What are the types of economic system?
10. Explain Capitalist economy with its characteristics.
11. Explain Socialist economy with its characteristics, merits and demerits.
12. Explain mixed economy with its characteristics, merits and demerits.
13. Offer your views for and against Privatization.
14. Compare Capitalism, Socialism and Mixed economy.
15. Give the pro‘s and con‘s of planning.
16. What are the features of planned economy?
17. Write the merits and demerits of LPG.
18. Explain liberalization in brief.
19. Give a detailed view on privatization.
20. Explain Globalization.
21. Give a brief explanation on the legislature, executive and judiciary systems of India
22. What is the responsibility of business towards Government?
23. What are the government intervention and its types?
24. What is the responsibility of government towards business?
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25. What is the role of government in business?
26. State the classification of financial system.
27. Give the functions of financial system.
28. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of commercial banks.
29. Briefly explain the term WTO and its functions.
30. Explain the terms social and cultural Environment in detail.
31. What is CSR and what are its functions?
32. Discuss the impact of culture on business.
33. Bring out the nature of culture and variables of culture in business
34. List out the arguments for social responsibility of business.
35. Explain the social responsibility of business towards shareholders, employees, Government and
community at large.
36. Explain the effect of culture and co-operation of people in Business Environment.
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CORE COURSE – V
MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION
OBJECTIVES:
To make students understand the significance and principles of communication
To help them acquire adequate skills in business correspondence and
To enable students to write reports and speeches on topics related to business.
UNIT – I
Communication – Meaning and Objectives – Communication Cycle – Principles – Types –
Media – Barriers to Communication.
UNIT – II
Business Letters - Kinds –Layout and Parts – Enquiry and Reply – Offers and Quotations –
Orders – Execution and Cancellation –Complaint letters – Claims and Adjustments - Commercial
Terms and Abbreviations.
UNIT – III
Collection Letters – Sales Promotion Letters – Circular Letters.
UNIT – IV
Bank Correspondence – Import and Export Correspondence – Application Letters.
UNIT – V
Report Writing – Structure of Report – Kinds (Press, Market and Business Reports) –
Modern means of Electronic Communication – Internet–E-mail - Video Conferencing –
FAX – Websites and their uses in business.
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MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION
Slow Learner Material
Subject Code: 16CCBB5
1. Define Communication
Communication is an exchange of or transfer of an information from one person to another
person.
2. What is meant by „Communication is a two way process”?
Communication is a two way process because an exchange of fact, ideas, opinions or
emotions of two or more persons.
3. Define the factors media
It helps in communicating the informing quickly covering the yielder area.
4. What do you mean by grape vine?
It is an informal channel of communication. It follows no set lines, any definite rules, but
spreads like the grape vine, in any direction, anywhere and spreads fast.
5. Write any two advantages of feedback in effective communication.
1. It is the receiver‘s response to the message.
2. It will tell how well the message has understood the message tell how well the message
has understood the message and how successful the communication process has been.
6. What are the various stages in the communication cycle?
The sender
The receiver‘s feedback
The channel.
7. What do you mean by brain drain?
It refers to breakdowns in the communication cycle. The sender the channel and the receiver
are the three components of the communication cycle.
8. List down any two significant principles of communication.
clarity, completeness, integrity and uses of informal communication.
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9. What are the various types of communication?
To influence some action so as to promote the common welfare of a group or an organization.
Objectives of communication:
* Information
*Advice
*Raising morale and mutation
10. What is business letter?
*It serves as a record for further reference.
*It is used as a legal document and to build goodwill
11. Mention any two uses of Quotation?
*It is a specific offer for sale.
*It is made in response to an enquiry from a particular person or business house.
12. What are the methods of drafting correspondence?
Correspondence means communication through letter and it may be in the form of based on
style and tone, relationships and content.
13. What is meant by an enquiry?
When a buyer wishes to get some information about the quantity, price, availability etc., of
goods to be purchased or about the terms of sale etc., and this is called an enquiry.
14. What is meant by correspondence?
It means communication through letter. Such communications may be between friends on
matters of personal interest or between individuals, firms or companies on matters of trade
and commerce.
15. Explain the various kinds of letter?
Letters of enquiry and replies, order, complaint letters, sales letters, circular letters, collection
letters, agency letters and good will letters.
16. What do you mean by layout of the letter?
The arrangement of the different parts of a business letter is fixed by custom and makes a
world of difference in the impression it conveys.
17. Define Quotation
It gives the details about the prices of the specific goods designed, terms of payment, and
conditions of delivery.
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18. Define Execution
The acknowledgement of an order must express the seller‘s pleasure and gratitude, must
appreciate the customers interest in the goods and must be a medium of mentioning the
favourable aspects of the goods, terms and services.
19. Define Cancellation
A business house may home to refuse or decline an order under unavailable circumstances
like an order received directly from a retailer of a particular locality where a retail selling
agency has already been granted to a dealer of the locality.
*Unsound financial position of the customer.
*Sudden bankruptcy of the customer.
20. Why sales promotion letters are written? Mention any two circumstances.
Sales promotion letter has to educate, persuade and convince the customer to buy a particular
product or service.
Example: *A sales letter about steel tables *A sales letter having an economy appeal.
21. Define claim.
The moment any discrepancy or mistake is discovered by any trader he must immediately
bring it to the notice of the supplier by writing a letter of complaint or claim.
22. What is meant by a circular.
On certain occasions a business man has to communicate some message to large number of
customers and suppliers for this purpose, he uses circular letters – letters that circulate the
same message.
23. What are the advantages of the circular letters?
*To obtain publicity for a cause, a campaign, or a product.
*To make the reader interested in their contents.
*To gain the confidence of the reader.
*To impress the reader with facts and information about the firm, its policy and the events
which may have necessitated the sending of the circular.
24. Define adjustments.
Replies to complaints are called adjustments. They require the most delicate and skillful
handling, as they have not only to satisfy the customer but also safeguard the business
interests and reputation of the writer.
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25. Mention two uses of collection letters.
*The contents and style of the collection letter should be determined keeping in view the
customer‘s usual conduct and his circumstances.
*The ―you‖ attitude should be used to convince the debtor that it is to his own advantage to
pay.
26. Give two examples for import and export correspondence
*Advice to the customer about the shipment sent.
*A letter acknowledging the receipt of Indent.
27. What are the types of application letters?
There are two types of application letters.
Solicited application letters are written in response to an advertisement.
Unsolicited application letters are written at the writer‘s initiative.
28. What are the various parties that the bankers correspondence?
Letters between a bank and its customers, letters from the head office of a bank to its branches
and vice versa and letter from one Bank to another.
29. List any two examples of agency correspondence?
*Offer of agency by the principal.
*Application for agency by a prospective agent.
*Announcement by the agent regarding obtaining agency.
30. Who is called special agent?
A special agent is appointed to do a particular business act for a specific period only.
31. What are the types of mercantile agent?
*Commission agent *Broker *Commercial traveler *Local agent
32. What are the services rendered by a bank?
*Opening a current account.
* Request for a loan.
*Service provided for Deposits and Borrowers.
*Provision of credit in the form of (a) cash credit, overdrafts and discounting bills.
33. Explain the various points to be remembered while writing a resume?
*You attitude.
*Clear and concisely presented information.
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*Specific and pertinent information relevant to the job.
* Natural style, no borrowed material.
*No slangs and uncommon expressions.
*Customized letter.
*No grammatical, Spelling and Punctuation errors.
*Frank, direct and business like presentation of facts; no exaggerations no his.
34. Define Bill of exchange.
The exporter secures payment for his shipments through a bill of exchange drawn on the
importer and sent through his (exporter‘s) bank.
35. Who is called as a Drawer and Drawee?
Drawer: He is a person who draws the bills of exchange. He is also known‘s as broker.
Drawee: He is the creditor and he has to receive the money from the other person or firm.
36. What are the kinds of Bill of Exchange?
*Demand Bills * Time Bills * Trade Bills * An inland Bills * Foreign Bill
37. Why are reports required in an organization.
(i)Functional areas of reports.
*Informational functions: Vital information on.
* how production, sales, promotional activities are functioning.
*whether polices are being satisfactorily implemented.
*whether legal, procedural and regulatory provisions are being followed.
* helps to create data base for future reference.
(ii)Analytical functions:
*Helping in decision making.
*Playing a persuasive role.
38. Write any two advantages of video – conferencing.
*Better connectivity with outside world.
*Opportunities to learn about different cultures.
*Saving of time, money and energy.
*Discussion and collaboration even while being physically remote.
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39. Mention any two limitations of E-mail.
*Don‘t send sensitive, Critical or confidential company information through e-mails.
*Don‘t highlight a message unless it is absolutely necessary.
*Don‘t over-use capital letters.
40. What is a business report?
*It carries information from someone who has it to someone who needs it.
*A report is a basic management tool used in decision – making.
*It is an objective impartial presentation of facts with or without interpretation, comment or
recommendation.
41. What is WWW?
World Wide Web comprises millions of web pages containing text, pictures or graphics on
computers connected to the Internet.
*It is one of the services provided by the Internet
*It is a collection of interconnected documents.
*Use only one languages – the http protocol.,
42. What is electronic communication?
*It is quicker, safer and less distortion or misrepresentation of message.
*It is possible to communicate with anyone in any part of the world.
43. What is a report?
It is used to mean a sum total of ascertained facts.
44. Define market report.
Market reports are special types of reports which give information to business transactions in
an organized and recognized market for a special period.
45. Define Fax.
The world fax is short for facsimile, which means ‗a copy‘. So fax suggests a mode of sending
copies of documents.
The fax technique has three main advantages.
*It is inexpensive.
*It can be used to transmit any kind of message.
Business letters are either sent by a fax or replaced by fax messages.
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46. Define E-mail.
*E-mail is a written form of communication.
*E-mail is a highly effective, low-cost method.
*It is cheaper and faster than a letter.
*It is a high-speed communication and information transfer mode.
47. What is an internet?
*The internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks.
*Reaching customers in remote, isolated places both nationally and globally.
*Getting information from external sources.
*Sharing information, Views, Solutions.
*Creating and improving corporate image, particularly useful for small business houses.
48. Define press report?
A press report is a report by a reporter, correspondent of Bureau, Specially prepared for
publication in newspapers, periodicals, special journals etc to enable numerous people
simultaneously to read the news of their choice.
49. What are the classification of market reports?
*Product Exchange.
*Manufactured goods market.
*Bullion market.
*Stock Exchange market.
*Money market.
50. What is memo?
*A memo is used for internal communication between executives and subordinates or
between officers of the same level.
*It is never sent outside the organization.
51. What is a market report?
Market reports are special types of reports which give information to business transactions in
an organized and recognized market for a special period.
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ALLIED COURSE – III
BUSINESS LAW
OBJECTIVES:
To enlighten the students on the basic principles and legal aspects of business laws
To promote the understanding of various legislations relating to business
To make them acquire knowledge on the legal aspects in the business environment.
UNIT - I
Contract Act – Definition, Classification – Essentials of a Contract – Offer and
Acceptance – Consideration – Contractual Capacity – Free Consent – Legality of Object.
UNIT - II
Performance of Contract – Modes of Discharge of Contract – Remedies for Breach of
Contract.
UNIT - III
Law of Agency – Mode of creation - Agency by Ratification – Sub-Agent and
Substituted Agent-Termination of Agency.
UNIT - IV
Sale of Goods Act – Definition – Conditions and Warranties – Transfer of Property –
Performance of Contract of Sale – Rights of an Unpaid Seller.
UNIT - V
Partnership – Definition - Essentials - Rights, duties and Liabilities of partners -Types of
partnership - Dissolution of partnership.
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BUSINESS LAW
II B.B.A
SUBJECT CODE:16ACBB3
1. Define contract .
Agreement enforceable by law is a contract.
2. What are the different types of Acceptance?
are three types of acceptance including express acceptance, implied acceptance, and There
conditional acceptance. In the world of merchant agreements, formal contracts are sometimes
too tedious for a busy schedule. Instead, merchants, contractors, and buyers have developed
these types of acceptance of a contract.
3. Define Consideration. Something of value given by both parties to a contract that induces them to enter into the
agreement to exchange mutual performances. When at the desire of the promisor, the
promise or any other person has done or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from
doing, or promises to do or to abstain from doing something, such act or abstinence or
promise is called a consideration for the promise.
4. Define Agreement
A meeting of the minds. An agreement is made when two people reach an understanding
about a particular issue, including their obligations, duties and rights. While agreement is
sometimes used to mean contract — a legally binding oral or written agreement — it is
actually a broader term, including understandings that might not rise to the level of a legally
binding contract.
5. What is an offer
Voluntary but condition promise submitted by a buyer of seller another for acceptance and
which enforceable and which becomes legally enforceable accepted by a offeree.
6. What is Offeree?
The Person to whom an offer is extended.
7. What is Fraud?
An Intentional, deliberate or willful misstatement of facts, which are material for the
formation of contract.
8. What are the requisites of a valid tender?
The promisor offers performance of his obligation under the contract at the proper time and
place but the promisee refuses to accept the performance.This what is known as offer to
perform or tender.
9. What is Novation?
it means substitution of new contract in place of the old one.It means the acceptance of less
than what was contracted for.
10. Who is a Agent?
An Agent is, a person employed to do any act for another or to represent another in dealings
with third persons.
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11. Who is a Sub-Agent?
A Sub-agent is a person employed by and acting under the control, the original agent in the
business of the agency.
12. What is quasi- Contract?
It means there is no offer and no acceptance ,no consensus, and ad idem etc
13. What is meant by coercion?
It means forcibly compelling a person to enter into a contract. Here the consent of the party is
obtained by using force or under a threat.
14. Define the term Contract of indemnity.
It means a contract by which one party promises to save the other from loss caused to him by
the conduct of the promisor himself or by the conduct by any other person.
15. Define contract of sale.
A contract of sale is ―A Contract whereby the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property
in goods to the buyer for a price.
16. Who is an Unpaid Seller.
When the whole of the price has not been paid or tendered. when the bill of exchange or
other negotiable instrument has been received as conditional payment and the condition on
which it was received has not been fulfilled by reasons of the dishonor of the instrument or
other hire purchase wise.
17. Differentiate sale from Hire purchase
Sale Hire - purchase
Sale may be made either orally or in writing It must be in writing
The sale of good act 1930 governs it It is governed by Hire purchase at 1972
18. Define goods.
According to section 2(7) Goods means every kind of movable property and it includes 1.
stcok stock and shares.
2. Growing crops, grass
3.The things attached to or forming a part of the land which can be served from the land.
19. What are the effect of non-registration of partnership firm?
1. Suit between partner and the firms
2. Suit between the firm and the third parties
20. Define Contract of Agency.
Contract of agency is based on the Latin Maxim ―Qui facit per alium‖, facit which means
what is done with the help of another is the act of the person himself.
21. What is meant by Damages?
Monetary compensation that is awarded by a court in a civil action to an individual who has
been injured things the wrongful conduct of another party.
22. What are the modes of delivery under sale of goods act?
1. Method of delivery of goods
2. Part delivery
3. place of delivery
4. Goods in the hand of third party.
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23. What is Partnership Deed?
Partnership is based on an agreement all the partners. The agreement may be oral or in writing
to avoid future quarrels.
24. What is Limited Partnership?
In foreign countries like U.K the law of the permits the admission of partners with limited
liability. But, in India one can be limited partner.
25. What is Assignment of Contract?
The assignee of a debt or an actionable claim may sue the original debtors if the assignment
legal one.
26. What is Contingent Contract?
It is one which is collateral to do or not to do something it some event collateral to such
contract.
27. State the difference between sub-agent and substitute agent.
A sub-agent is the agent of the original agent as he works under the control of the agent
whereas, a substituted agent is the agent of the principal because he works under the control
of the principal.
28. Define Bailment.
According to section 148 of the act ―bailment is the delivery of goods by one person to
another for some purpose, upon a contract that they shall, when the purpose is a
accomplished, be returned or otherwise disposed of according to the direction of the person
delivering them‖.
29. How is price in a contract of Sale?
―The price of goods is an important element of a valid sale. It is consideration for transfer or
agreement to transfer the property in goods from the seller to the buyer. Thus there can be no
valid sale without a price‖.
30. What is a nominal Partner?
Person who has an interest in the success of a partnership firms but, legally, not partner
because he or she neither owns a part of the firm nor actively participates in its affairs . Often
a nominal partner is a well known ,ell connected individual whose name lends credibility and
recognition to the firm, and is paid a fee for this service. Also called limited partner.
31. State the contract that need not be performer?
An assignment of contract occurs when one party to an existing contract (the "assignor")
hands off the contract's obligations and benefits to another party (the "assignee"). Ideally,
the assignor wants the assignee to step into his shoes and assume all of his contractual
obligations and rights. In order to do that, the other party to the contract must be properly
notified. Read on to learn how assignments work, including how to keep an assignment
option out of your contract.
32. What is the test for agency.?
Independent third party that provides a test facility and administers a testing programme that
meets the class II SSV/USV valve-validation testing requirements of Annex I of this
International Standard and API Spec 6AV1.
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33. Differentiate condition from Warranty.In a contract of sale, the subject matter is ‗goods‘. There
are millions of sale transactions which occur in the normal course, all around the world. There are
certain provisions which need to be fulfilled because it is demanded by the contract. These
prerequisites can either be a condition and warranty. The condition is the fundamental stipulation
of the contract of sale whereas Warranty is an additional stipulation.
34. What is mean by dissolution firm and Parnership.
When the relation between all the partners of the firm comes to an end, this is called dissolution
of the firm. Section 39 of the Indian Partnership Act, provides that ―the dissolution of the
partnership between all the partners of a firm is called the dissolution of a firm.‖ It implies the
complete break down of the relation of partnership between all the partners.
35. State the rule of agency.
The law of agency is an area of commercial law dealing with a set of contractual, quasi-
contractual and non-contractual fiduciary relationships that involve a person, called the agent,
that is authorized to act on behalf of another (called the principal) to create legal relations with a
third party.[1]
Succinctly, it may be referred to as the equal relationship between a principal and an
agent whereby the principal, expressly or implicitly, authorizes the agent to work under his or her
control and on his or her behalf. The agent is, thus, required to negotiate on behalf of the principal
or bring him or her and third parties into contractual relationship. This branch of law separates
and regulates the relationships between:
36. Who is mercantile agent.
A mercantile agent is one who has authority either to sell goods or to buy goods or to raise money
on the security of goods [Sec. 2(9) of the Sale of Goods Act].
37. What is Limited Partnership.
A limited partnership (LP) exists when two or more partners unite to jointly conduct a business in
which one or more of the partners is liable only to the extent of the amount of money that partner
has invested. Limited partners do not receive dividends, but enjoy direct access to the flow of
income and expenses. This term is also referred to as a "limited liability partnership" (LLP). The
main advantage to this structure is that the owners are typically not liable for the debts of the
company.
38. Who is Partner in profits only?
A partnership is a business with several owners. Partnerships make a profit - or incur a loss - in
the same way as other businesses, but there are some differences in the way a partnership
functions that make its profits and losses different. In this article, we'll look at the financial
structure of a partnership and discuss how the partnership as a whole - and the partners within the
partnership - make money.
39. What is Goodwill?
Good will is an assetof a business that may be bought and sold in connection with the business.
Goodwill is a marketplace advantage of customer patronage and loyalty developed with
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continuous business under the same name over a period of time. It may be bought and sold in
connection with a business, and the valuation is a subjective one.
40. What is consensus ad idem?
Latin term meaning an agreement, a meeting of the minds between the parties where all
understand and have accepted the contractual commitments made by each other, respectively.
41. What are the differences between agent and servant?
Authority to create contractual relationship: Apart from acting on behalf of his/her principal,
an agent has the authority to create contractual relations between the principal and a third party. A
servant ordinarily, has no such authority.
Number of Masters: A servant usually serves only one master, but an agent may work for
several principals at the same time.
42. What is Particular Partnership?
A partnership formed for a single transaction or enterprise as distinguished from one organized
for carrying on a general business
43. What are reciprocal promises?
In other words, it is a promise in exchange for a promise. Note: In case of reciprocal promises,
each party to the contract is a promisor as well as a promisee.
44. Define Pledge.
Pledgee definition, a person to whom a pledge is made or with whom something is deposited as a
pledge. .
45. Define Mortgage.
A legal agreement that conveys the conditional right of ownership on an asset or property by its
owner (the mortgagor) to a lender (the mortgagee) as security for a loan. The lender's security
interest is recorded in the register of title documents to make it public information, and is voided
when the loan is repaid in full.
46. What are the rights of Bailor and Bailee?
A "bailment" is the delivery of goods by one person to another for some purpose, upon a contract
that they shall, when the purpose is accomplished, be returned or otherwise disposed of according
to the directions of the person delivering them. The person delivering the goods is called the
"bailor". The person to whom they are delivered is called the "bailee".
47. What do you meant by Privity of Contract?
The doctrine of privity of contract is a common law principle which provides that a contract
cannot confer rights nor impose its obligations upon any person who is not a party to the contract.
48. What are the various kinds of Consideration?
Past Consideration
Future Consideration
Present consideration
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SECTION-B
1. What are the essential elements of valid contract?
2. State the legal rules as to offer.
3. State the difference between contract and agreement.
4. When consideration or object is unlawful?
5. Discuss the law relating to effect of mistake on contract.
6. What are the requisite of a valid tender.
7. Briefly explain discharge by operation.
8. How an agency is created?
9. What is caveat emptor? What are the exception to the rule?
10.What are the different types of damages?
11. What are the types of mercantile agents?
12. What are the essential of contract of sale?
13. Explain the rules regarding performance of contingent contracts?
14. What do you understand by the term performance of contract?
15. Is the Law of partnership – an extension of the law of agency?
16. What are the rights of Partners?
17. What are the duties of Partner?
18. What are the liabilities of Partner?
19. What are the types of partner?
20. What constitute a payment in due course?
21. Explain the rights of a buyer in a contract of sale?
22. Define consideration. What are the legal rules regarding it?
23. What is meant by consideration?‖A Contract without consideration is void‖. Discuss
24. Discuss the law relating to contract in restraint of marriage.
25. Discuss the legality of wagering agreement.
26. What are the different kinds of discharge by performance.
27. Define the term condition. Explain and illustrate the implied condition in a contract of sale as
provided in the sale of goods act.
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SECTION-C
1. How a contract may be discharged.? Explain
2. How an agency is terminated ?explain
3. Briefly explain the conditions and warranties implied by law in a contract for the sale of
goods.
4. ―Managers are born, Not made‖-Elucidate
5. Describe in detail about the dissolution of firms.
6. What are the rights of an unpaid seller? Explain
7. State the explain the agreements opposed the public policy.
8. Describe how the contract is discharged by way of agreements and impossibility of
performance.
9. Distinguish between contract of indemnity and contract of Guarantee.
10. Explain the rules as to delivery of goods under the sale of goods act.
11. Who is a holder in due course? Enumerate the rights of privileges of a holder in due course.
12. Describe the law relating to minor‘s agreements.
13. Explain the rights and duties of partners
14. Explain the types of Partners?
15. What are the different kinds of agents?
16. Discuss the law relating to effect of mistake on contract.
17. Define a wager. What are the essentials of a wagering agreement?
18. State the principles on which damages are awarded on a breach of contract.
19. Write short note on special damages and nominal damages.
20. What do you mean by dissolution of a firm? Discuss the different modes of dissolution.
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NON MAJOR ELECTIVE COURSE I
ADVERTISEMENT MANAGEMENT
Objective : To make the students to understand the Objectives and Functions of
Advertisement.
Module I : Introductory Aspects of Advertisement
Meaning of Advertising - Purpose and Functions – Objectives and Role.
Module II : Creativity and its Role Creativity – Meaning and Sources - Development of Creative Strategy – Government Regulation-
Restrictions.
Module III : Advertising Strategy & Planning Advertising Strategy & Planning and Organisation - Contribution of Advertising – Strategy- Level of
decision making- Factors influencing organizational features.
Module IV : Advertising Budget and Research Advertising Budget – Advertisement as Investment – Advertisement Budget Making process.
Module V : Future Trend in Advertisement
Role of Advertising Agents - Competition among Agencies - Ethics and Morale of Advertisement.
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Advertisement Management
Subject code:16NMEEC1
PART-A
1.Give the meaning for Advertisement.
Advertising is a means of communication with the users of a product or service. Advertisements are
messages paid for by those who send them and are intended to inform or influence people who
receive them.
2.Mention any two objectives of Advertising.
Four main Objectives of advertising are:
i. Trial
ii. Continuity
iii. Brand switch
iv. Switching back
3. What is indoor media?
Advertisers use broad cast media to reach target customers. Television is the latest medium of mass
communication.
4.Give the meaning for industrial goods.
Machinery, manufacturing plants, materials, and other goods or component parts for use or
consumption by other industries or firms. Demand for industrial goods is usually based on the
demand for consumer goods they help produce (called derived demand).
5. Define media research.
It is the study of the effects of the different mass media on social, psychological and physical aspects.
Research survey that segments the people based on what television programs they watch radio they
listen and magazines they read.
6. What is meant by evaluation of advertisement?
Measuring advertising effectiveness is the only way of determining how well the advertisement is
performing in the market, is it reaching the right set of audience, and is the goals achieved.
7. State any two features of advertising message.
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Advertising's primary purpose is to provide information about products or services to
prospective buyers.
Advertising is a form of paid communication.
8. What is the need for preparing advertising copy?
An advertisement copy is the text used in the advertisement, be it print, radio, television or other form
of advertisement.
The text so used can be in the form of dialogs, some catchy phrase, a company‘s motto or slogan or
any word.
9. Who is buying agent?
Buying agents or purchasing agents are people or companies that offer to buy goods or property on
behalf of another party. There are agents for all kinds of
products, from raw material commodities through to specialized custom equipment.
10. What is meant by advertising agent?
An advertising agency often referred to as a creative agency, is a business dedicated to creating,
planning, and handling advertising and sometimes other forms of promotion and marketing for its
clients.
11. What is advertising?
Advertising is an audio or visual form of marketing communication that employs an openly
sponsored, non-personal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea. Sponsors of
advertising are often businesses wishing to promote their products or services.
12. What is outdoor media?
Outdoor advertising, also known as out-of-home advertising, is advertising that reaches consumers
when they are outside their homes.
13. What is media strategy?
Media strategy, as used in the advertising or content delivery (online broadcasting) industries, is
concerned with how messages will be delivered to consumers or niche markets.
14. What is advertising budget?
An advertising budget is the money a company is willing to set aside to accomplish its marketing
objectives. When creating the advertising budget, a company must weigh the trade-offs between
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spending one additional advertising dollar with the amount of revenue that dollar will bring in as
revenue.
15. What is publicity?
Publicity is gaining public visibility or awareness for a product, service or your company via the
media. It is the publicist that carries out publicity, it helps an organization communicate, establishing
and maintaining communication with the public.
16. What is false claims?
The term used when a person knowingly makes an untrue statement or claim to gain an benefit or
reward.
17. What is media scheduling?
Media Scheduling refers to the pattern of timing of an advertising which is represented as plots on a
flowchart on a yearly basis. The plots in the flowchart indicate the pattern of periods that matches
with favorable selling periods.
18. What is slogan?
A slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a clan, political, commercial, religious, and for an
effective slogan; when adjectives are paired with describing nouns, they help bring the meaning of
the message out through the words.
19. Give two examples of Indoor advertising.
Promotional posters Flyers Decoration of shop-windows Floor graphics
20.What is point media?
In advertising, a gross rating point (GRP) is a measure of the size of an advertising campaign by a
specific medium or schedule. It does not measure the size of the audience reached.
21. What is the uses of publicity?
Attract Public Attention.
Change Attitudes
Provide Information.
22.Who is Target Audience?
Target Audience is a specific group of people within the target market of the product.
23.What is advertising copy?
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An advertisement copy is the text used in the advertisement, be it print, radio, television or other form
of advertisement. The text so used can be in the form of dialogs, some catchy phrase, a company's
motto or slogan or any word.
24.Give any two examples of outdoor advertisement.
Billboards, advertising posters, walls, bus and rail media, street furniture, specialty signage,
digital, mobile billboards, sports media etc.
25. Write short notes for the following terms:
(a)Ehtics of advertisement.
Ethics in Advertising. Ethics means a set of moral principles which govern a person's behavior or
how the activity is conducted.
(b)Morale of advertisement.
These appeal are those appeals to the audience which appeal to their sense of right and wrong.
26. What is Public service advertising?
A public service announcement (PSA), or public service ad, is a message in the public interest
disseminated without charge, with the objective of raising awareness, changing public attitudes and
behavior towards a social issue.
27.What is scientific advertising?
Scientific advertising may be defined as properly planned advertising based on a serious deliberation
of all factors that have a bearing on its success. It involves
a. The development of a clear idea of the problem to be solved.
b. The recognition of the alternatives to the solution of the problem.
c. The collection of all data that would help in selecting a particular alternative.
28.What is Display advertising?
Display advertising is a type of online advertising that comes in several forms, including banner ads,
rich media and more. Unlike text-based ads, display advertising relies on elements such as images,
audio and video to communicate an advertising message.
29.What is agency commission?
A fee that an advertising agency charges a client for the services it provides. This is usually a
percentage of the costs the agency incurs in the process of providing the services.
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30.What is AIDA formula?
AIDA is an acronym that stands for Attention, Interest, Desire and Action. The AIDA model is
widely used in marketing and advertising to describe the steps or stages that occur from the time
when a consumer first becomes aware of a product or brand through to when the consumer trials a
product or makes a purchase decision
31.What is Advertisement Layout?
An ad copy consists of various parts, elements, or ingredients. ... Layout of ad copy shows the
coordination of various parts of ad copy like headlines, slogans, test, illustrations, pictures, sponsor,
and logotype. It is a physical arrangement of presenting the message.
32.What is media planning?
Media planning is generally outsourced to a media agency and entails sourcing and selecting optimal
media platforms for a client's brand or product to use. The job of media planning is to determine the
best combination of media to achieve the marketing campaign objectives.
33.Write any two benefits of Advertising to the consumers.
Better Quality Products
Elimination of Middlemen
34.What is creativity?
Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. Creativity is characterised by
the ability to perceive the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, to make connections between
seemingly unrelated phenomena, and to generate solutions.
35.What are the components of creativity?
Fluency
Flexibility
Originality
Elaboration
36.What is campaign planning?
Campaign plan is a plan to achieve an objective, usually of a large-scale over an extended period of
time. It usually coordinates many activities and uses of resources involving multiple organizations.
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37.Give any two parameters under campaign.
Campaign period
Timing of Campaign
38.What you mean by Budget?
A budget is an estimation of revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time; it is
compiled and re-evaluated on a periodic basis. Among companies and organizations, a budget is
an internal tool used by management and is often not required for reporting by external parties.
39.Give three components of the advertising industry.
Marketing Advertising Campaign Objectives
Setting your Budget
Selecting Media
Creating the Ads message
40,Give the methods of remuneration.
Commission Method - Used for paying agencies who buy media space on behalf of
advertisers.
Retainer Fees Method - Retainer fees have become an increasingly popular method for
agencies and their clients.
Retainer plus Performance Related Incentive Payment Method.
Project Fees Method.
PART-B.
1.Analyse the special features of advertising.
2.Explain the significance of advertising.
3.Discuss the need for advertisement on economic basis.
3.Eludicate the role of advertising.
4.How advertising is regarded an important tool for marketing?
5.What are the principles of good advertising layout?
6.What are the aspects to be considered in advertisement design?
7.How to test the advertising effectiveness?
8.Write about competition among agencies.
9.What are the objectives of advertising?
10.Is advertising necessary? Explain.
11.What are the sources of creativity?
12.State the various restrictions of Government.
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13.What are the essentials of an advertisement copy?
14.What are the factors influencing organizational features?
15.How will you measure the effectiveness of advertising?
16.Is advertising an investment?
17.Explain the need for an advertising agency.
Part-C
1.Describe the purpose and role of advertising.
2.‘Advertising is a tool of communication‘-Explain.
3.Discuss the factors influencing advertising strategy.
4.Narrate the aspects determining media planning.
5.Write an essay on ‗advertisements and social issues‘.
6.Discuss the Socio-economic aspect of advertisements.
7.Develop an advertisement campaign for launching a luxury car.
8.What are the common methods for setting the advertising budget and explain.
9.Explain the origin and growth of advertising agencies.
10.Explain the trends of advertisement.
11.Discuss the need and benefits of advertising.
12.Explain the creativity of advertisement relates to advertising effectiveness.
13.Discuss the relationship between advertising strategy and its change to the buying behaviours of
the Customers.
14.What is advertising budget and what are the factors to determining the advertising budget?
15.What is the meaning of advertising agents? What are the functions of advertising agents?
16.Explain the outdoor advertising and explain merits and demerits of its.
17.Write down the sources of creative ideas.
18.What are the steps followed in advertising planning process.
19.What is meant by advertising budget? What are the factors consider when setting?
20.Explain various functional departments in agency.
22.The primary objectives of advertising is to increase sales-Discuss.
23.Discuss the various classification of copy.
24.Examine the different stages of advertising strategy.
25.Examine the various method of advertising budget.
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NON MAJOR ELECTIVE – II
BANKING PRACTICES
OBJECTIVES:
To promote an understanding of the basic concepts in banking
To acquaint learners with the theoretical and legal concepts of banking in India
To help them to attain the competencies required for a career in banking services.
UNIT - IBanking – Meaning - Definition – Function of banking - Classification of Banks
UNIT - II
Definition of the terms Banker and Customer – differential relationship between Bankerand
Customer – General and Special relationship.
UNIT - III
Cheques - Definition of a Cheque – Characteristics of Cheques – Marking – Honor and
Dishonor of Cheques.
UNIT - IV
Crossing of Cheques – significance –Endorsement –Types.
UNIT - V
Recent trends in Banking services – Modern services of Banks – ATM, Credit Card,
Debit Card, Green Card.
.
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NME BANKING PRACTICES
1. What is banking and what is the role of banking in an economy?
In simple words, Banking can be defined as the business activity of accepting and
safeguarding money owned by other individuals and entities, and then lending out this money
in order to earn a profit.
2. What is a bank ? Define a Bank ?
In simple words, we can say that Bank is a financial institution that undertakes the banking
activity ie.it accepts deposits and then lends the same to earn certain profit.
3. What is Banking System ?
Banking systems can be defined as a mechanism through which the money supply of the
country is created and controlled.
4. What is capital and risk?
Banks face a number of risks in order to conduct their business, and how well these risks are
managed and understood is a key driver behind profitability, and how much capital a bank is
required to hold. Bank capital consists principally of equity, retained earnings
5. Definition Banking.
Banking has been defined as ―Accepting for the purpose of lending & investment, of deposit
of money from the public, repayable on demand order or otherwise and withdraw able by
cheque, The draft or otherwise.‖
6. What is Unit Bank?
This is a type of bank under which the banking operation are carried are carried by a single
branch with a single office. The bank‘s operations are confined to a Limited.
7. What is meant by Overdraft?
This type of advances are given to current account holders. No separate account is
maintained. All entries are made in the current account. A certain amount is sanctioned as
overdraft which can be withdrawn within a certain period of time say three months or so.
Interest is charged on actual amount withdrawn. An overdraft facility is granted against a
collateral security. It is sanctioned to businessman and firms.
8. What is meant by Cash Credits?
The client is allowed cash credit upto a specific limit fixed in advance. It can be given to
current account holders as well as to others who do not have an account with bank. Separate
cash credit account is maintained. Interest is charged on the amount withdrawn in excess of
limit. The cash credit is given against the security of tangible assets and / or guarantees. The
advance is given for a longer period and a larger amount of loan is sanctioned than that of
overdraft.
9. What is meant by Loans?
It is normally for short term say a period of one year or medium term say a period of five
years. Now-a-days, banks do lend money for long term. Repayment of money can be in the
form of installments spread over a period of time or in a lumpsum amount. Interest is charged
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on the actual amount sanctioned, whether withdrawn or not. The rate of interest may be
slightly lower than what is charged on overdrafts and cash credits. Loans are normally secured
against tangible assets of the company.
10. What is Pledge?
When Loans are granted against the security of the borrowers. It is a secured Loan.
11. What is meant by Discounting of Bill of Exchange?
The bank can advance money by discounting or by purchasing bills of exchange both
domestic and foreign bills. The bank pays the bill amount to the drawer or the beneficiary of
the bill by deducting usual discount charges. On maturity, the bill is presented to the drawee
or acceptor of the bill and the amount is collected.
12. What are the Secondary Functions of Banks ?
The bank performs a number of secondary functions, also called as non-banking functions.
These important secondary functions of banks are explained below.
13. What are the agency function of banks?
The bank acts as an agent of its customers. The bank performs a number of agency functions
which includes :-
Transfer of Funds
Collection of Cheques
Periodic Payments
Portfolio Management
Periodic Collections
14. What is clean loan?
It is a loan granted the banker safeguards himself by granting clean loan to salaried people on
the basis of their future income.
15. What are the different types deposit of Banks?
The bank collects deposits from the public. These deposits can be of different types, such as :-
a. Saving Deposits
b. Fixed Deposits
c. Current Deposits
d. Recurring Deposits
16. What is Saving Deposits?
This type of deposits encourages saving habit among the public. The rate of interest is low. At
present it is about 4% p.a. Withdrawals of deposits are allowed subject to certain restrictions.
This account is suitable to salary and wage earners. This account can be opened in single
name or in joint names.
17. What is Fixed Deposits?
Lump sum amount is deposited at one time for a specific period. Higher rate of interest is
paid, which varies with the period of deposit. Withdrawals are not allowed before the expiry
of the period. Those who have surplus funds go for fixed deposit.
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18. What is Current Deposits?
This type of account is operated by businessmen. Withdrawals are freely allowed. No interest
is paid. In fact, there are service charges. The account holders can get the benefit of overdraft
facility.
19. What is Recurring Deposits?
This type of account is operated by salaried persons and petty traders. A certain sum of money
is periodically deposited into the bank. Withdrawals are permitted only after the expiry of
certain period. A higher rate of interest is paid.
20. What are the different types of Granting of Loans and Advances?
The bank advances loans to the business community and other members of the public. The
rate charged is higher than what it pays on deposits. The difference in the interest rates
(lending rate and the deposit rate) is its profit.
21. What are the types of bank loans and advances ?
Overdraft
Cash Credits
Loans
Discounting of Bill of Exchange
22. What is Cash Credits?
The client is allowed cash credit upto a specific limit fixed in advance. It can be given to
current account holders as well as to others who do not have an account with bank. Separate
cash credit account is maintained. Interest is charged on the amount withdrawn in excess of
limit. The cash credit is given against the security of tangible assets and / or guarantees. The
advance is given for a longer period and a larger amount of loan is sanctioned than that of
overdraft.
23. What is Loans?
It is normally for short term say a period of one year or medium term say a period of five
years. Now-a-days, banks do lend money for long term. Repayment of money can be in the
form of installments spread over a period of time or in a lump sum amount. Interest is charged
on the actual amount sanctioned, whether withdrawn or not. The rate of interest may be
slightly lower than what is charged on overdrafts and cash credits. Loans are normally secured
against tangible assets of the company.
24. What are the Agency Functions of Banks?
The bank acts as an agent of its customers. The bank performs a number of agency functions
which includes :-
Transfer of Funds
Collection of Cheques
Periodic Payments
Portfolio Management
Periodic Collections
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Other Agency Functions
25. What is Transfer of Funds?
The bank transfer funds from one branch to another or from one place to another.
26. What is collection of cheques?
The bank collects the money of the cheques through clearing section of its customers. The
bank also collects money of the bills of exchange.
27. What is ECS?
Electronic Clearing System
28. What are the general utility functions of Banks?
Issue of Drafts, Letter of Credits, etc.
Locker Facility
Underwriting of Shares
Dealing in Foreign Exchange
Project Reports
Social Welfare Programmes
Other Utility Functions
29. Why Bank Issue of Drafts and Letter of Credits?
Banks issue drafts for transferring money from one place to another. It also issues letter of
credit, especially in case of, import trade. It also issues travellers' cheques.
30. Why Bank provides Locker Facility to customer?
The bank provides a locker facility for the safe custody of valuable documents, gold
ornaments and other valuables.
31. What is Underwriting of Shares?
The bank underwrites shares and debentures through its merchant banking division.
32. What are the Social Welfare Programmes offered by Bank?
It undertakes social welfare programmes, such as adult literacy programmes, public welfare
campaigns, etc.
33. What is Bank?
Banks are those institutions which conduct the business purely on profit motive. Banks
receive surplus money from the people who are not using it and lend to those who need it for
productive purpose. When we speak of a bank.
34. What is Commercial Bank?
we generally mean a commercial bank. Commercial banks are those institutions which
conduct the business purely on profit motive. Commercial banks receive surplus money from
the people who are not using it and lend to those who need it for productive purpose.
35. Definition Of a Commercial Bank?
Professor G. Crowther:
"A bank is a firm which collects money from those who have it spare. It lends to those who
require it."
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36. Secondary Functions Of a Commercial Bank?
The secondary functions of commercial bank can be classified under the following heads.
1. Agency functions
2. General utility functions
3. Miscellaneous functions
37. What is special crossing?
When a particular bank‘s name is written in between the two parallel lines the cheques is said to
be specially crossed.
38. Define Endorsement?
Signature included on the front of back of a check acknowledging that both parties have agreed
to exchange the specified amount on the document
39. What are the various Banking Instrument issued by Bank?
Banking Instruments Banking instruments include cheques, drafts, bills of exchange, credit
notes etc. It is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on
demand, or at a set time, with the payer named on the document.
40. What is Cheques?
Cheques: It is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, addressed to a
banker, sign by the person who has deposited money with the banker, requiring him to pay on
demand a certain sum of money only to or to the order of certain person or to the bearer of
instrument.
41. What is Bearer Cheques?
A. Bearer Cheque or open Cheque: When the words "or bearer" appearing on the face of the
cheque are not cancelled, the cheque is called a bearer cheque. The bearer cheque is payable
to the person specified therein or to any other else who presents it to the bank for payment.
42. What is Order Cheques?
Order Cheque: When the word "bearer" appearing on the face of a cheque is cancelled and
when in its place the word "or order" is written on the face of the cheque, the cheque is called
an order cheque. Such a cheque is payable to the person specified .
42. What is Crossed Cheque?
Crossing of cheque means drawing two parallel lines on the face of the cheque with or
without additional words like "& CO." or "Account Payee" or "Not Negotiable". A crossed
cheque cannot be encashed at the cash counter of a bank but it can only be credited to the
payee's account.
43. What is Multi-City Cheques?
A Multi-City Cheque (MCC) is one that can be written by the customer in favour of his client
and is payable at par at all branches of the Bank. These are issued as Order Cheque
44. What is Stale Cheque?
Stale Cheque: If a cheque is presented for payment after 3 months from the date of the
cheque it is called stale cheque. A stale cheque is not honoured by the bank. I. A self cheque:
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A self cheque is written by the account holder as pay self to receive the money in the physical
form from the branch where he holds his account.
45. What is Open cheque?
An open cheque is a cheque that is not crossed on the left corner and payable at the counter on
the left corner payable at the counter of the drawee(Bank) on presentation of the cheque
46. What is meant by holder in due course?
Legal term for an orginal or any subsequent holder of a negotiable instrument (cheque, draft)
who has accepted it in good faith and has exchanged something valuable for it eg. Anyone
who accept a third party check holder in due course.
47. .Who is Drawer?
The bank - on whom the cheque is drawn (i.e. the bank with whom the account is
maintained by the drawer)
48. Who is Payee?
Payee – Payee is the person whose name is mentioned on the cheque to whom or to whose
order the money is directed to be paid.
49. What is Demand Draft?
Demand Drafts: A demand draft (DD) is a negotiable instrument similar to a bill of exchange.
A bank issues a demand draft to a client (drawer), directing another bank (drawee) or one of
its own branches to pay a certain sum to the specified party (payee).
50. What is Letter of Credit?
Commercial Letters of Credit Commercial letters of credit are mainly used as a primary
payment tool in international trade such as exporting and importing transactions. These are
import letters of credit or export letters of credit.
51. What is Voucher?
Voucher: Vouchers are bonds with a certain monetary value, entitling the bearer to redeem
them for specific goods or services. Vouchers are tokens which entitle the bearer to redeem
them for the goods or services specified by the voucher.
52. What is Debit Card?
A card used to make an electronic withdrawal from funds on deposited in a bank account or
in purchasing goods through EDC (Electronic Data Capture) machine. Debit card number is
usually of 16 digits. There are transaction charges beyond 5 numbers of transactions in a
month. Credit Card: A card issued by a financial company giving the holder an option to
borrow funds, usually at point of sale.
53. What is Credit Credit?
Credit cards charge interest and are primarily used for short- term financing. Interest usually
begins one month after a purchase is made and borrowing limits are pre-set according to the
individual's credit rating. There are annual fee, service charges, late payment charges and
other charges attached to a credit card.
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54. What is International Debit Card?
International Debit Card: Banks authorised to deal in foreign exchange are permitted to issue
International Debit Cards (IDCs) which can be used by a resident for drawing cash or
making payment to a merchant establishment overseas during his visit abroad.
55. What is Forex Card?
A Forex card is a type of prepaid debit card. Forex cards are useful financial instruments
for anyone who is travelling abroad. Forex cards are safe, convenient and cost-effective.
56. What is ATM?
Automated Teller Machine is a computerized machine that provides the customers of banks
the facility of accessing their account for dispensing cash and to carry out other financial &
non-financial transactions without the need to actually visit their bank branch.
57. What is NEFT?
National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is a nation-wide payment system facilitating
one-to-one funds transfer. Under this Scheme, individuals, firms and corporates can
electronically transfer funds from any bank branch to any individual, firm or corporate having
an account with any other bank branch in the country participating in the Scheme.
58. What is RTGS?
Real Time Gross Settlement means the continuous (real-time) settlement of funds transfers
individually on an order by order basis (without netting). 'Real Time' means the processing of
instructions at the time they are received. The RTGS system is primarily meant for large
value transactions.
59. What is IFSC?
Indian Financial System Code is an alpha-numeric code that uniquely identifies a bank-
branch participating in the NEFT system. This is an 11 digit code with the first 4 alpha
characters representing the bank, and the last 6 characters representing the branch. The 5th
character is 0 (zero). IFSC is used by the NEFT systemto identify the originating / destination
banks / branches and also to route the messages appropriately to the concerned banks /
branches.
60. What is MICR?
MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition is a 9 digit numeric code that uniquely identifies
a bank branch participating in electronic clearing scheme. It is used to identify the location
of a bank branch.
61. What is SWIFT?
It stands for Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. This code is
used particularly in international transfer of money between banks. Most of the Forex
related messages are sent to correspondent banks abroad through SWIFT. India was 74th
Nation to join SWIFT Network. Code consist 8 or 11 character when code is 8 digits. 4 –
bank code 2 – country code 2 – location code 3 – branch code (optional).
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62. What is Internet Banking?
Internet Banking: Online banking or Internet banking is an electronic payment systemthat
enables customers of a financial institution to conduct financial transactions on a website
operated by the bank. Online banking was first introduced in the early 1980s in New York.
Four major banks— Citibank, Chase Manhattan, Chemical and Manufacturers Hanover—
offered this service.
63. What is Mobile Banking:?
Mobile banking refers to the use of a cell-phone or other cellular device to perform online
banking tasks. Mobile banking services are usually limited to electronic movement of funds
and data retrieval.
64. What is Core Banking?
It is a device whereby a bank will link all its branches through a network system. A customer
will be able to operate his account in any of the branches of a particular Bank.
65. Who is lunatics?
Lunatics is an informal term referring to a person who is considered as mentally ill,
dangerous, foolish or unpredictable condition once attributed to lunacy.
SECTION-B
1. What are the advantages of core banking?
2. What are the Primary Functions of Banks ?
3. What is a bank? What are the functions of a bank?
4. Differentiate the cheque from draft.
5. What are the components of the Banking system?
6. How will classify banks on the basis of the ownership?
7. What are the various types of banks? Explain each of them briefly.
8. Discuss the merits and demerits of unit banking.
9. What is meant by branch banking system? Explain its merits and demerits.
10. What are the primary functions of the commercial banks?
11. What do you understand by Teller system? What are its uses.?
12. Explain the right of set off.
13. Define cheque and state the features.
14. What is the meaning of credit card? Explain its working.
15. Explain the working of credit card system.
16. What is debit card? Distinguish it from credit card.
17. What is a smart card? What are its uses?
18. What are the objectives of Banking?
19. What are differences between public and private sector banking?
20. What are the key objectives of a cheques?
21. Explain the objectives of crossing of cheque.
22. What are the essential of an endorsement? Explain
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23. Explain the features of credit card.
24. State the need for commercial banking.
25. How are commercial banks different from central bank?
26. What are the characterstics of cheques?
27. State the difference between cheque and bill.
28. How does general crossing differ from special crossing?
29. Briefly explain the importance of credit card.
30. What is the effect of full endorsement.
31. What are the rights of current account holder?
32. What are the difference between recurring account and current account?Explain.
33. Explain the meaning of material alternation.
34. What are the feature of demand draft?
35. Discuss the recent trend in banking services.
36. Short notes
a. ATM
b. Credit card
c. Debit card
37. State the need for central banking.
38. ―Bankers are privileged debtor‖ – Explain
39. Explain the limitation of banker.
40. Define endorsement What are its effects? Under what circumstances emdorsement are made?
41. Explain the parties involved to a cheque.
42. Distinguish between credit card and debit card.
43. Explain the operation of ATM
44. What is the effect of a marking a cheque? Examine the different types of marking cheques.
SECTION-C
1. Give a brief account on the subsidiary services rendered by the commercial bank.
2. What are the different types of bank loans and advances ?
3. Explain the agency services rendered by the commercial banks?
4. Explain the relationship between a banker and customer based on debtor and creditor
relationship.
5. Discuss in detail the impact of credit cards to different sections of the economy.
6. State the difference types of credit cards and their uses.
7. What are the duties of a banker while honouring customers cheques?
8. What is a pass book? What are the rules that pertain to a pass book.
9. Write short notes on the following
a. Saving account
b. Fixed deposit
c. Recurring deposit.
d. Cash credit
10. What are the difference between a cheque and a Promisory note?
11. Under what conditions a banker can close the account of the customer.
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12. Define the term banker and customer. State the procedures to be followed for opening
savings bank account and current account in a bank.
13. What are the merits and demerits of ATM? Explain.
14. List down the explain the situations where a cheque is dishonoured.
15. Explain the function of land development bank.
16. Discuss the merits and demerits of savings account.
17. Explain the salient features of different types of banks.
18. When can a banker refuse payment on a cheque? Elaborate.
19. Discuss the various functions that are performed by the ATMs world wide.
20. Discuss importance of banking services in india.
21. Discuss Honour and dishonor of cheques.
22. Write an essay on Online Banking with suitable examples.
23. Explain the criteria used by the credit rating agencies for credit rating.
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OFFICE MANAGEMENT
Skill Based Elective-I (Semester-IV)
INTRODUCTION TO OFFICE MANAGEMENT
UNIT –I Office management – Meaning – Elements of office management – Functions of office management.
UNIT – II
Office organization – Definition, Characteristics and Steps – Types of Organization – Functions of an
Office administrator
UNIT – III
Office record management – Importance – Filing essentials –Classification and arrangement of files-
Modern methods of filing-Modern filing devices
UNIT – IV
Office Communication – Correspondence and Report writing –Meaning of office communication &
mailing
UNIT-V
Form letters –Meaning, Principles, and Factors to be considered in designing office forms – Types of
report writing
TEXT BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Fundamentals of office management – by J.P.Mahajan,
2. OfficeManagement by S.P.Arrora
3. Office Management – R.S.N.Pillai & Bagavathi- S.Chand.
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INTRODUCTION TO OFFICE MANAGEMENT-RSBE-7:1
SLOW LEARNER MATERIAL
UNIT-I
1. What is the meant by Office?
―A Central place where some sort of paper work is performed and where all kinds of papers
are dealts with‖
2. Define the term Office.
―Office denotes any place where information or paper coverages and information is
documented, preserved and used for current and future operations of business‖.
3. What is Office Management?
―Office Management can be defined as a task of planning, co-ordinating, motivating the
efforts of others towards the specific objectives in the office‖.
4. What are the elements of office management?
a. 1.Purpose
b. 2.Environment
c. 3.Means
d. 4.Personnel.
5. What is meaning of Organisation?
―Organisation is the arrangement of work by which the activities are divided among people .
6. Define Management.
i. ―To forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate, and control‖.
HENRY FAYOL
7. What do you mean by Esprit De Corps?
The work done in any organization is teamwork. Team spirit and co-operation among the
members of an organization are essential for its success. Informal relationship among the
employees should be encouraged.
8. What do you mean by Division of labour?
The total work done is divided into small parts, each entrusted to a particular individual.
9. Management is an art. Discuss.
Management is an art. *Because A manager applies his knowledge and skills to co-
ordinate the efforts of his people.
10. Is Management as a science?
Management is basically science because It contains underlying principles and theories
developed through continuous observation, experimentation and research. The organized body
of knowledge can be taught and learnt in the classroom and outside physics, chemistry,
mathematics, and economics.
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11. What is Scalar Chain?
Scalar Chain refers to the chain of superior ranging from the highest authority to the lowest
levels in the organization.
12. Who can called as father of scientific management?
F.W.Taylor is known as the father of scientific management- Taylor was convinced division
of responsibilities between management and workers. Taylor was convinced that there is a
science for each job and ‗one best way‘ of doing work.
13. What is Administration?
Administration is higher level authority. Administration is a determination of objectives and
policies.
14. What are the three levels of management?
Top level, middle level, lower level.
15. What do you mean by Unity of Command?
An employees should receive orders from one superior only and is accountable to him alone.
16. What is planning?
Planning is deciding in advance what should done. It is future oriented.m Planning is the
management functions of anticipating the future and conscious determination of a future
course of action to achieve the desired results.
17. What is policy?
A policy is a general guide to thinking and action rather than a specific course of action. It
defines the area or limits within decision can be made to achieve organizational results.
18. State the importance of planning
*Focus attention on objectives and results. It reduces uncertainity and risk.
*Encourages innovation and creativity.
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UNIT-II
1.What do you mean by organization?
It is a set of interrelated concepts, definition, and preposition which provide a systematic view
of behavior of individual and group in some relatively patterned sequence of activity.
2. Define Delegation.
―Delegation of authority merely means the granting of authority to subordinates to operate
within prescribed limits‖.
3. Define Authority.
Authority may be defined as the legitimate right to give orders obeyed. It denotes certain rights
granted to a position in an organization.
4. Write note on line and staff organization.
In this kind of an organization, staff experts, who are Specialists in specific areas, assist the line
personnel. These experts do not have the powers to command any subordinate other than those
who are under their direct control.
5. What is committee organization?
A Committee is a group of person entrusted with certain tasks. The committee are expected to
discuss the problem under consideration in detail and come out with a solution. A number of
committee may be created in a concern depending upon the requirements.
6. What is Responsibility?
Responsibility is the duty or obligation of a subordinate, to whom some work has been assigned
by a superior, to perform the task required. Responsibility may be a continuing obligation or
confined to a specific assignment.
7. What is Centralisation?
Certralisation of decision making authority in the hands of a few at the top level in known as
centralization.
8. What is Decentralisation?
In decentralization, there is dispersal of decision making authority at different level of
organization.
9. What to do you mean by span of management?
Span of management refers to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively manage. A
manager will be able perform his basic work of guiding his subordinates and making the right
number of such subordinates under him.
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Unit-III
1. What are record?
The record refer to the information‘s documents utilized by an organization.
2. Define the term record.
―Record management includes forms, reports reproduction of written material filing, records
retention micro filming and related services‖.
3. Define Indexing.
J.C. Denyer ― The primary function of index is to act as a guide to a body of data or to a
collection of records‖.
4. What is Centralised filing?
All the records of the business firm relating to activities of all sections or departments are filed in
one place or in the central office.
5. What is Decentralised filing?
Filing is done in each individual department independently.
6. What is Indexing?
The index aids the records clerk in tracing out the place where the particular paper should be
filed.
7. What are the main function of filing?
Library function
Administrative function
Historical function
Information function
8. What are the advantages of good filing system?
Correspondence can be handled properly.
Document are protected against loss or damage.
9. What are the essential of good filing system?
Compactness
Economy
Simplicity
Accessibility
Flexibility
Safety
Requirement
10. What is chronological classification filing system?
Records are filed in strict date order. Records like vouchers, invoices bills etc.
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UNIT-IV
1. Define Communication.
―Communication is an exchange of facts ideas, poinion, or emotions by two or more persons‖.
2. What is meant by communication?
Communication means the process of conveying information from one person to another through
post, telegram, message service or by any other means.
3. What are the kinds of communication?
1.Internal communication
2. External communication
4. What is face to face communication?
Face to Face communication is the most natural forms of conveying any message.
5. What is Meant by Mail?
The term mail in the common man‘s usage refers to written communication.It may be either
received or sent out.
6. What is meant by incoming mail?
A Number of letters are received daily in all organization. Incoming mail should be supervised
properly and should not be left to the junior staff members. The authorities on auditing also suggest
they should opened in the presence of a responsible official.
7. What is meant by outgoing mail?
Every organization sends out post every day, to various persons, institution and agencies. Replies
to all inward mails should sent promptly. The outgoing mail is handled departmentally.
8. What are the various forms of internal communication?
1. Notices 2. Orders 3.Reports
9. What is meant by External Written communication?
1.Telephone
2.Tele autograph
3.Facsimile Transmission
4.Teleprinter
5.Punching Device, Telex etc
10. What is meant by collection letters?
Letters prepared in various department should be sent to the dispatch section as quickly as
possible. In many business houses, different departmental letters should be typed, duly typed
signed by the executive along with the addressed envelope to the mailing department.
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UNIT -V
1. What is meant by office forms?
―Office forms are the raw material of the office‖.
2. Define Office form.
―Forms are printed sheets of paper of cardboard used to collect and transmit information, that part
of information which is always the same is printed in order to save the time effort required to
write it each time the form is used.‖
3. What are the basic need for using forms?
Gathering and communicating information.
Providing specific Location.
Elimination of recording
Using Multiple copies
Identification of records.
4. What are the types of office forms?
1. Single copy forms
2. Multiple copy forms
5. How will you design office form?
Careful attention is to be given to the correct design, proper use and effective control of forms, it
would result in appreciable saving in office cost.
6. Define Control.
―Management control is the process by which managers assure that resources are obtained and
used effectively in accomplishment of the organisation‘s objectives.
SECTION-B
1. Describe the importance of management in Business.
2. Explain briefly the various functions of Office Management.
3. What is office? Explain its functions briefly.
4. What are the elements of office management?
5. What are the qualification of office manager?
6. Describe the functions and duties of office management.
7. What are the types of office manuals?
8. Describe the various kinds of organization chart.
9. What do you mean by records? What are its purposes?
10. What are the essential elements of a good filing system?
11. Short notes on
12. A. suspension filing.B. Lateral filing
13. Distinguish between formal organization and informal organization.
14. State the elements of organization.
15. Distinguish between Centralization and Decentralisation.
16. Explain the principles of organizing.
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17. Explain the advantages of Decentralisation.
18. What are the different levels of management?
19. Distinguish between management and administration.
20. List out the advantages of Office forms.
21. What are the different types of office forms Explain them briefly.
22. List out the characterstics of an ideal design.
SECTION-C
1. Explain the various aspects of F.W.Taylor scientific management.
2. Explain the essentials of a sound plan in an organization.
3. Explain the basic principles of organizing.
4. Discuss the difference between delegation and
5. Explain the organization process.
6. ―Management is getting things done through other –Discuss
7. Discuss the various factors affecting the span of management.
8. Explain the various basis of departmentation together with their relative merits and demerits.
9. What do you mean by records management?.
10. Define filing. Explain the methods of filing in a brief manner.
11. Define Indexing. Describe the various types of indexing briefly.
12. Describe briefly the various old methods of filing.
13. Describe briefly the various forms of external communication.
14. What are the various kinds of communication? Describe the types of inter communication
briefly.
15. How will design an office form? What are the principles to be observed in designing an office
form?
16. .How will control office forms?
17. Define office forms? Describe the need for using standard forms in the office.
18. How will you organize the mailing department?
19. Describe briefly the mail handling process.
20. Describe the methods of handling outgoing mails.
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CORE COURSE – VI
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS (Theory + Practical)
UNIT – I
Meaning of computer – Characteristics – Area of application cycle – components –
Memory unit – Input and Output devices – Hardware and Software operation system –
Introduction to Windows 2007 logging on Desk top and task Icons on desk top – Start
menu options - Creations of files and folders. Windows explorer. Find options shortcuts
– briefcase running applications and customization.
UNIT – II
Introduction to MS word - Short cut for MS word – Creating word documents – Business
letters using wizards – Editing, inserting objects and formatting documents – Spelling
and grammar check – Word count – Thesaurus - Auto correct - Working with tables –
Saving, opening and closing documents – Mail merge.
UNIT – III
Introduction to MS Excel and its features – Programmes and applications - spread sheets – Building
worksheets – Entering data, editing and formatting worksheets – Creating and formatting different
types of charts – Application of financial and statistical function –Organising data using Automatic
rule saving, opening and closing of work books.
UNIT – IV
Fundamentals of computerized accounting – computerized accounting Vs manual
accounts. Architecture and customization of TALLY – Features of Tally- Configuration
of Tally screens and menus – Creation of company and groups – Editing and deleting
ledgers – Introduction to vouchers – Entry, payment, receipt, sales, purchase, contract
and Journal vouchers- Editing and deleting vouchers.
UNIT – V
Introduction to inventories – Creation of stock categories – Stock groups – Stock items –
Configuration and features of stock item – Editing and deleting stocks – Day books -
Trial balance – Profit and loss account – Balance sheet.
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SUBJECT: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
SUBCODE: 16CCBB6
1. Define computer.
A computer is an electronic device that accepts input data in a pre-determined fashion,
manipulates the data and produces the output, in a fast and efficient way, according to the set of
instructions provided to it.
2. Define operating system.
Operating system is the system software that controls the computer system. It also co-
ordinates and supervises the activities of various components of the computer.
3. What do you meant by Thesaurus?
Thesaurus means the alternate word and this facility is available in MS-word. Antonyms
can also be selected by using antonyms option in the meaning column of the dialog box. In short,
this facility helps to use an alternate word in the place existing word. Synonyms and antonyms can
be viewed and used.
4. What is a pie-chart?
Pie-chart displays the contribution of each data in the form of pie slices.
Data that is arranged in one column or row only on a worksheet can be plotted in a pie chart.
5. What do you meant by journal?
Journal is the original book where all the business transactions are entered first.
It is a book of original entry or primary entry.
6. What is cost center?
Cost center can be created for the purpose of allocating cost. They provide additional
details relating to the transactions. It may be any part of the organization or transaction.
7. Define trial balance
Trial balance is a settlement which shows all debit balances in another. It is not an
account. It is prepared for checking the arithmeticalaccuracy.
8. What is control unit?
Control unit controls the activities of other units in the computer system. It instructs the
input device to transfer data and instructions to main memory and then to the ALU. The
processed results are sent from ALU to storage or monitor by the control unit.
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9. What is saving command?
Click ―file‖ menu.
Click ―save‖ this chose folder name in ―save‖ inbox.
Enter the filename in ―filename‖ box. Then click save button.
10. State the command for creating word document?
Word document are the text document and files or letters or book.
Click-start in the taskbar and go to programs then right go to MSword and click.
The screen will automatically display the new document.
Then start typing then type continuously without pressing enter key.
The line will be automatically adjusted and next line will be seen in the document.
11. What is spreadsheet?
Spreadsheet is an electronic worksheet. It is used to store information in the memory
of the computer. Result can be got in a desired way for calculation and display of information.
The information entered on the screen can be changed easily.
12. State the command for closing work book?
Work book can be closed by selecting file menu- close command- click. Now the
work book is closed. Clicking the close button in the title bar can also close work book.
13. Define voucher?
Voucher is a document containing the details of a transaction. For every transaction
we made a voucher. Vouchers are the authentic instrument for transactions.
14. What do you meant by ledger?
Every transaction is post recorded in the journal in the form of a journal entry. From
the journal it is transferred to the concerned accounts in the ledger. This process of transferring
the transactions from the journal to the ledger is known as posting.
15. What is budgetary control?
Budgetary control is the process of determining various budgeted figures for the
enterprises for the future period and then comparing the budgeted figures with the actual
performance for calculating variances, if any. First of all budgets are prepared and then actual
results are recorded.
16. Define hardware?
The mechanical, electrical and electronic components of a computer system and the
peripherals are called as hardware. The hardware is for the purpose of accepting inputs, storing
data, performing calculations and printing results.
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17. Define software?
Software is the series of instructions in the form of programs written and run on the
computer .
18. What is the use of control panel?
Change setting and customizing the functionality of the computer.
19. How do you select and align a paragraph in MS-word.
Select an entire paragraph,
Left, right or center aligning
Left and right indentation
Line spacing like single, double, etc.
Page breaks, suppress line numbers, etc.
20. How do you insert rows and columns in a table in MS-word?
Click ―Table‖ menu.
Choose ―Insert‖ option.
Click ―Table‖ option. The window that appears.
Enter the number of columns and rows.
Select suitable table format using ―Auto format‖ button.
Click ―Ok‖
21. What is a chart wizard?
Chart wizard is used to draw charts in the worksheet or in a different separate papers.
22. What is difference between a column and a cell?
Column Cell
Spread sheet is a grid of
rows and columns.
The rectangle formed at the
junction of each row and
column is called a cell.
The columns are labeled
alphabetically A to Z
after that AA,AB..
To identify each cell Excel
uses an address called cell
address.
23. What is mean by mail merge?
It is a feature available in MS-word to create the same type of letter to be sent to many
recipients at different location.
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24. What is the use of scroll bar?
Scroll bar are used to view parts of the document by using vertical and horizontal
scrolling.
25. For what purpose backspace and delete buttons are used.
Back space button is used to delete the character before the insertion point
Delete button is used to delete the character after the insertion point
26. Explain about undo button and symbol used in icon.
Undo button is used to replace the recently deleted part.
27. What are options available in print preview?
The various print preview options are
Next and previous button
Zoom button
Print button
Setup button
Margin button
Page break preview button and
Close button
28.How to create ledger.
Select account info from Gateway of tally menu.
In that popup menu select ledger from account info.
Select ―create‖ under ―single ledger‖ or choose ―create‖ under ―multiple ledger‖,while
creating more than one ledger at a time.
Enter ledger name ,group and opening balance with debit and credit detail.
Confirm the entries by pressing ―Y‖ for message ―accept yes/no‖.
29. What is a floppy disk?
A floppy disk is a disk storage medium composed of a disk of thin and flexible storage
medium . Floppy disk read and written by a floppy disk drive FDD.
30.What is windows explorer?
Windows explorer is a file and folder manipulating program. It provides a graphical user
interface for accessing the file system.
31.Write the meaning for internet?
Internet is the interconnected network in information system. Internet does many computer-
based facilities such as email, information publishing, etc.
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32.Write the meaning for intranet ?
An intranet is a computer network that uses internet protocol technology to share
information,operational systems or computing service wit hin an organization.
33. Write the meaning for usenet ?
An usenet is a collection of user – submitted notes or messages on various subjects that are
posted to servers on a world wide network.
34. What do you meant by indentation?
An indentation is an empty space at the beginning of a line to signal the start of a new
paragraph. Word allows for three indent settings viz.., left, right, firstline indent.
35.What is the use of tool bars ?
Word provides two types tool bars viz.., Standard toolbar and formatting tool bar. It provides
the fast access to the word‘s frequently used standard command and formatting commands.
Section-B
1. Discuss some of the characteristics of a computer.
2. Explain some of the application available in start menu.
3. How do you insert header and footer in MS-WORD?
4. What are the various document views available in MS-WORD?
5. What are the reasons required for preparing balance sheet?
6. Mention the steps to the followed for correcting the mistakes in balance sheet.
7. Explain about aligning and formatting paragraphs.
8. What is the use of auto text and complete option?
9. Explain about merging and splitting cells.
10. Explain about sales and purchase vouchers.
11. How to create stock categories, stock groups, and stock items.
12. What are the basic operations of digital computers?
13. Write a short note on WORD 2000.
14. State the format of journal voucher.
15. What are the applications of financial and statistical function?
16. Explain the features of tally.
17. What is mean by budgetary control, explain?
18. Explain the application of computer.
19. List out and explain the command for addition, subtraction in MS-EXCEL.
20. Enumerate the format of stock vouchers.
21. Explain the concept of cost centers.
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22. Explain I-P-O cycle.
23. Enumerate task bar icons on desktop in WINDOWS 98
24. Explain edition of work documents process inWORD 2000.
25. Elaborate the spelling and grammar check functions in WORD 2000.
26. Describe the creating and formatting functions of different types of charts.
27. Write short notes on editing and formatting functions in worksheets.
28. Explain the configuration of tally screens and menus.
29. Explain the process of creating of cost centers.
30. Discuss the process of editing and deleting ledgers.
Section-C
1. What are the components of computer? Explain in detail.
2. How do you create a business letter in MS-WORD using wizard?
3. How do you create a graph in MS-EXCEL?
4. What the expenses and income shown under profit and loss account in tally?
5. What are the various reports available in tally?
6. What is the configuration features required for inventory in tally?
7. Explain about the concept of Mail merge.
8. Explain the special features of tally and classification of accounts.
9. Explain the configuration and features of stock items
10. What are the fundamentals of computerized accounting and explain it.
11. Write a note on spread sheet programs and application and applications.
12. Describe the steps in generating the printing reports.
13. Distinguish between computerized accounting and manual accounting.
14. Explain the steps in the development of balance sheet.
15. Enumerate the applications of windows explorer.
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ALLIED COURSE – IV
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES:
To enable students
understand the nature and importance of production management
comprehend the principles and areas of application of shop floor management and
knowthe operations and skills needed for major decisions in material management.
UNIT - I
Production Management– Scope and Significance –Production System – Functions and
Types – Factors influencing Plant Location – Plant Layout and its kinds.
UNIT - II
Work Study - Time Study - Motion Study – Work Measurement– Principles and factors -
Maintenance of Plant – Types.
UNIT - III
Production Planning and Control – Definition – Objectives and Importance – Elements of Production
Planning – Routing and Scheduling.
UNIT - IV
Quality Control and Inspection – Objectives and Significance – SQC – AGMARK, ISI
and ISO – Certification Marks.
UNIT - V
Material Management – Objectives and importance – Purchasing – Procedure – Store
Keeping – Objectives – Functions – JIT.
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PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
SUBJECT CODE: 16ACBB4
PART – A
1. Define production
‗Production is not the application of tools to materials but is the application of logic to work‘
– Peter Drucker on the practice of management.
2. Define productivity
Productivity is an index or measure of the effective use of resources. It is usually expressed as
a ratio of output to input.
Output
P = (minimize the input maximize the output (Or) minimize
In put the cost maximize the profit)
3. Define production management ?
According to H.A Harding. ―Production management its concerned with those processes
which convert the inputs into outputs. The inputs are various resources like raw – materials, nun,
methods etc and output are goods and services.
4. What are the objectives of production management?
The main aim of production management is to produce the goods but also ensure that
commodities produced by it possess the required so that the customers derive maximum
satisfaction at minimum possible cost.
5. What is plant location
Plat location of an industry is as important as the choice for the location of and office or a
shop in a city or locality.
6. What is the aspects of plant locations?
There are three different aspects to a plant location;
1. Selection of region (regional factors)
2. Selection of Locality (Community factors)
3. Selection of Site (Site factors)
7. What is the aspects of plant locations?
There are three different aspects to a plant location;
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4. Selection of region (regional factors)
5. Selection of Locality (Community factors)
6. Selection of Site (Site factors)
8. Define the concept and importance of plant location?
The plant location is of paramount importance, both far a new enterprise as well as for the
existing ones. The fundamental objective of an organization is to maximize its profits.
Location of production units or plants for the conversion of inputs into finished products.
Location of service units which provide assistance to production units.
What is the types of locational decisions?
Location of distribution and retails units for dispersion of the production to the materials
9. What do you mean by process charts?
This system is based on the functions performed by a department. This system of layout,
machines or equipment of the same functions are grouped together in a separate department.
10. What are the types of plant layout?
They are three basic types of plant layout:
1. Product (or) Line layout
2. Functional (or) process layout and
3. Stationary layout
4. Combined (or) Mixed layout
11. What are the objectives of plant layout?
The principle objective of a proper plant layout is to maximize the production at the minimum
cost. This objective should be kept in mind which designing layout for a new plant.
12. What do you mean by static layout?
Static layout, means materials remain at a fixed place and the complete job is done at a fixed
station.
13. Define plant layout?
James Lundy. Identically involves the allocation of space and arrangement of equipment in
such a manner that overall operating costs are minimized.
14. Define work study
British standards institution defines work study as ― a generic term for those techniques
particularly method study and work measurement which are sued in the examination of
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human work in all its contexts, and which lead systematically to the investigation of all the
factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed in order to
effect improve.
15. What is the aspects of plant locations?
There are three different aspects to a plant location;
7. Selection of region (regional factors)
8. Selection of Locality (Community factors)
9. Selection of Site (Site factors)
16. Define the concept and importance of plant location?
The plant location is of paramount importance, both far a new enterprise as well as for the
existing ones. The fundamental objective of an organization is to maximize its profits.
1. Location of production units or plants for the conversion of inputs into finished
products.
2. Location of service units which provide assistance to production units.
3. What is the types of locational decisions?
Location of distribution and retails units for dispersion of the production to the materials
17. What do you mean by process charts?
This system is based on the functions performed by a department. This system of layout,
machines or equipment of the same functions are grouped together in a separate department.
18. What are the types of plant layout?
They are three basic types of plant layout:
5. Product (or) Line layout
6. Functional (or) process layout and
7. Stationary layout
8. Combined (or) Mixed layout
19. What are the objectives of plant layout?
The principle objective of a proper plant layout is to maximize the production at the minimum
cost. This objective should be kept in mind which designing layout for a new plant.
20. What do you mean by static layout?
Static layout, means materials remain at a fixed place and the complete job is done at a fixed
station.
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21. Define plant layout?
James Lundy. Identically involves the allocation of space and arrangement of equipment in
such a manner that overall operating costs are minimized.
22. Define work study
British standards institution defines work study as ― a generic term for those techniques
particularly method study and work measurement which are sued in the examination of human
work in all its contexts, and which lead systematically to the investigation of all the factors which
affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed in order to effect improvements.‖
23. What are the importance of work study?
1. Results in improved safety 2. Reduction is training time
3. It is a tool which can be applied everywhere that is importance of work - study
24. Write and two objectives of work study.
1. Investigation and analysis of existing situation
2. Examination of weaknesses, if any is the production process.
25. What are the uses of work study?
Uses 1. Increased productivity and operational efficiency
2. Reduced manufacturing costs 3. Improved work place layout
26. What is Micro Motion study?
Micro motion study is gives accurate analysis. But, being costly, it is used when products are
likely to continue for a long time .
27. What is SIMO chart?
A SIMO chart is a chart, based on the film analysis, used to record simultaneously on a
common time scale the therbligs or a group of therbligs performed by different parts of the body of
one or more operators.
28. What is string diagram?
A string diagram also uses a scale drawing of the work place, but here the routes taken by
operators, materials or equipment are traced on the diagram by the use of a continuous thread fixed
with pins.
29. Define work measurement
Work measurement is the application of techniques to establish the time for a qualified
worker to carry out a specified work at a defined level of performance.
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30. What are the techniques of work measurement?
The work measurement, work can be regarded as repetitive work and Non – repetitive work
31. What is Motion study?
Motion study is a more detailed investigation of an individual operator, the layout of his
bench of machines, his tools, jigs and fixtures the movements of his body as he performs his work.
The study of his environment, body posture, the temperature.
32. What is memo motion study?
Memo motion study is photograph is a form of time – lapse photograph which records activity
by the use of cine camera adapted to take pictures at longer intervals than normal ( time interval
normally lies between ½ second to 4 seconds).
33. What is Man – machine chart?
Man machine chart is prepared for describing graphically the activity of a man and machine.
When in a work shop many workers on a number of machines are at work.
34. Write any two methods of study?
Two methods of study :
1. Micro motion study & 2. Memo motion study
35. What are therbligs‟?
Therbligs means symbols. For example :
- search – Locate an article
- Assemble – Putting parts together
- Inspect – Examine or test
36. What is analytical approach of method study?
Analytical approach of method study was steps in select, Record, Examine, Develop, Define,
Install, maintain.
37. What is SIMO chart?
A SIMO chart is a chart, based on the film analysis, used to record simultaneously on a
common time scale the therbligs or a group of therbligs performed by different parts of the body of
one or more operators.
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38. What is synthetic data?
A work measurement technique for building up the time for a job or parts of the job at a
defined level of performance by totaling element time obtained previously from time studies on
other jobs containing the elements concerned or from synthetic data.
39. What is performance rating?
Performance rating is the process of adjusting the actual pace of working of an operator by
comparing it with his mental picture of pace of an operator working at normal speed.
40. What are the methods of rating?
Methods of Ration : 1. Speed Rating 2. Westing house system of Rating
3. Synthetic Rating 4. Objective Rating
5. Physiological Evaluation of performance Rating.
41. What are the maintenance of management ?
Maintenance management is concerned with planning and controlling, routine, planned and
preventive maintenance activities of an organization.
42. What is types of maintenance.
1. Operator Maintenance 2. Predictive Maintenance
3. Breakdown Maintenance 4. Planned Maintenance
5. Preventive Maintenance
43. What is string diagram?
A string diagram also uses a scale drawing of the work place, but here the routes taken by
operators, materials or equipment are traced on the diagram by the use of a continuous thread fixed
with pins.
44. Define work measurement
Work measurement is the application of techniques to establish the time for a qualified
worker to carry out a specified work at a defined level of performance.
45. What are the techniques of work measurement?
The work measurement, work can be regarded as repetitive work and Non – repetitive work
46. What is PMTS
PMTS – Pre – determined Motion Time systems.
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47. What is time study?
A work measurement technique for recording the time and rate of working for the elements of
a specified job carried out under specified conditions and for analyzing the data so as to determine
the time necessary for carrying out the job at the defined level of performance.
48. Define production planning.
Samuel Elision ―Production Planning may be summarily defined as the direction and co-
ordination of the firm‘s material and physical facilities towards the attainment of pre-specified
production goals in the most efficient available way‖.
49. Define „production control‟
The British standards Institute defines the term production control.
i. The production plan or planning
ii. Scheduling
iii. Machine or labour utilization or dispatching
iv. Stock control
v. Manufacturing control or routing and
vi. Progress
50. Define production planning and control.
Garden B.Carson, ―Production planning and control consists of the organization and the
planning of the manufacturing processes routing, scheduling, dispatching, and inspection,
coordination and the control of materials, methods, machines, tooling and operating time. The
ultimate objective is the organization of the supply and movement of materials and labour, machine
utilization and related activities in order to bring about the desired manufacturing results in the
terms of quality, time and price‖.
51. What is meant by scheduling?
Production scheduling is the detailed planning of material, labour and machines time so that
materials and parts will be at the right place, at the right time so that a job can be completed within
the time planned and in accordance with the requirements.
52. What is Route sheet?
A route sheet contains a complete description of the item to be manufactured, the details of
each operation required in manufacturing process, the set up time and standard operation time etc.
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53. What is Routing?
Routing determines what work will be done on a product or part as well as where and how it
will be done.
54. What are the Routing procedure?
The finished products are analyzed from the manufacturing standpoint is order to decide how
many components can be made in the plant and how many can be purchased from outside sources
through vendors, sub contracting, etc.
55. Define scheduling.
Kimball and Kimball define scheduling as ―the determination of the time that should be
required to perform each operation and also the time necessary to perform the entire series as
routed, making allowance for all factors concerned‖.
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CORE COURSE – VII
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
OBJECTIVES:
To provide basic knowledge on various models oforganizational behavior
To expose them to the concepts of motivation and group dynamics
To help them acquire interpersonal skills.
UNIT - I
Organizational Behaviour – Concept – Nature - Models - Other similar fields of study –
Disciplines contributing to Organizational Behaviour - Individual Behaviour –
Perception.
UNIT - II
Personality – Definition - Determinants - Group Dynamics – Formal and Informal
Groups, Group Norms, Group Cohesiveness, Group Behaviour and Group Decision –
making.
UNIT - III
Leadership – Concept – Qualities of effective Leadership – Leadership Styles – Definition of Power –
Types of Power - Sources of power – Power and Politics.
UNIT - IV
Definition of Authority – Characteristics – Types of Authority - Morale – Concept –
importance – Measurement of Morale – Steps to improve Morale in an organization.
UNIT - V
Motivation – Concept – Nature – significance - Theories of Motivation – Maslow‘s need
hierarchy theory – Mc Gregor‘s Theory X and Theory Y – Herzberg Two Factor Theory -
Stress Management – Concept - Sources - Effects of stress - Management of Stress.
.
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Organisational Behaviour II B.B.A
SUBJECT CODE:16CCBB7
SECTION A
1. Define Organizational behavior.
―Organizational behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people- as
individuals and as groups act within organizations. It strives to identify ways in which people can
act more effectively‖
- Keith Davis & John W. Newstrom.
2. What is the custodial model of OB.?
In the custodial model he has to depend on the organization and it takes care of all the needs
of the employees. The employee is happy as the organization satisfies his needs.
3. What is the supportive model of OB.?
The manager supports his subordinates in the performance of their tasks. The focus here is
on managerial leadership rather than on the exercise of authority or fulfillment of the subordinates
needs.
4. What is the autocratic model of OB.?
The manager uses his authority and directs the subordinates to do the work as per his
specifications. The subordinates are not given the freedom to act. They have to carry out the task
faithfully as per their boss‘s instructions.
5. What is Hawthorne effect?
In hawthorne experiment the team introduced many changes in working conditions, attitudes
etc. for fruitful results. The study revealed that management must understand people at work and
develop an informal relationship with them.
6. What is formal group?
A group that is officially, deliberately and consciously created to perform certain tasks is
known as formal group. The members of a formal group are allotted definite tasks. They have to
adhere to certain rules and regulations.
7. What is an informal group?
An informal group is one that is unofficially created. It arises owing to personal
relationships between the individuals in an organization. Factors such as friendship, language,
religion, hobbies, personal likes and dislikes influence the formation of informal groups.
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8. What is NGT?
Nominal Group Technique is a structured group meeting which restricts verbal
communication among members during the decision-making process. It is meant to resolve
differences in group opinion by having individual generate and then rank a series of ideal in the
problem exploration, alternative generation or choice-making states of group decision making.
9. What is authority?
Authority is the official right of a person to do and make things happen in an organization.
It gives the superior the right to give orders, make decisions and allocate resources. It comes to the
superior by virtue of his official position.
10. Who is a leader?
According to Allen, ―A leader is a person who guides and directs other people. He must
give effective direction and purpose‖.
11. Define power.
Power is the capacity of a person to act and influence others. A person gets power by virtue
of his intelligence, knowledge, skill and other personal tasks.
12. Define morale.
According to Michael J. Jucious, ―Morale is a state of mind or willingness to work which in
turn affects individual and organisational objectives‖.
13. Define motivation.
Motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals.
14. What is motivation process?
The process of motivation involves the recognition of an unfulfilled need, finding the way
out to satisfy the same, fulfillment of the need and discovery of new need.
15. Why do people form group.
People come together to join and form groups for nearness and interaction, capacity to
influence, need for security, common interests, recognition, power and to get rid of delay.
16. What is group dynamics?
The social process by which people interact face to face in small groups in called group
dynamics.
17. What is ERC theory?
Alderfer has categorized into three needs such as existence needs, relatedness needs and
growth needs. They type of needs operate simultaneously. If the individual‘s particular path
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towards satisfaction is blocked he may persist along that path but at the same time he regresses
towards more easily satisfiable needs.
18. What are the types of motivation?
The various types of motivation are Positive and Negative motivation, Rational and
Emotional motivation, Primary and Secondary motivation, Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation,
Financial and non-Financial motivation.
19. What are the goals of OB.?
The goals of OB are to explain individual and group behavior; to predict certain behavioral
response to change and to control behavior.
20. What is perception?
―Perception can be defined as a process by which individuals organise and interpret their
sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment‖
- Stephen P. Robbins
21. Define leadership.
Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something
extraordinary happen.
22. What is expectancy theory?
Expectancy is a person‘s perception of the likelihood that a particular outcome will result
from a particular behavior or action. This likelihood is probabilistic in nature and describes the
relationship between an act and its outcome.
23. What are extrinsic motives?
Extrinsic motives do not actually motivate a person but their absence will lead to
dissatisfaction. They help to maintain a reasonable level of job satisfaction among the employees.
24. Who are introverts?
People who are introverts are by nature good. They may be intellectuals but may interact
only with a few persons who are close to them. Such people can be successful in assignments
where there is very little or no scope for interaction with others.
25. Who are extroverts?
Extroverts are those who mingle freely with everyone. They always want to be in the
company of a group. Such people can be successful in assignments where there is greater scope for
interaction.
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26. Define Personality.
Personality may be understand as the characteristic patterns of behaviour and modes of
thinking that determine a person‘s adjustment to the environment.
27. What is group cohesiveness?
Group cohesiveness refers to the extent to which the members of a group are attached to
each other and willing to remain within the group.
28. What is negative motivation?
One can get the desired work done by installing fear in the minds of people. In this method
of motivation fear of consequences of doing something or not doing something keeps the worker in
the desired direction.
29. What is positive motivation?
Positive motivation seeks to create an optimistic atmosphere in the enterprise. It involves
identifying employees potentialities and makes him realize the possible result by achieving his
potentialities
30. What do you mean by managerial grid?
The concept of managerial grid emphasized that leadership style consists of facts of both
task oriented and relation oriented behaviour in varying degrees.
31. What is human relation?
Human Relations is the study and practice of utilizing human resources through knowledge
and through an understanding of the activities, attitudes, sentiments, and inter-relationships of
people at work.
32. What is a financial incentive?
Financial Incentives are monetary in nature as they involve flow of money from the
organization to its staff.
33. What are non-financial incentives?
Non-financial incentives do not involve much financial commitments on the part of the
organization. They do not add to the money income of those who receive them. They take the form
of job enrichments, participative management etc.
34. What are group norms?
Group norms are rules or guidelines of accepted behaviour which are established by a group
and used to monitor the behaviour of its members.
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35. Write a note on esteem need.
These needs arise in view of a person‘s desire to have his ego satisfied. The satisfaction of
these needs gives a person the feeling that he is above others. It gives a person self-respect, self-
confidence, independence, status, recognition and reputation.
36. What is stress?
Hans Selye defines Stress as ―an adoptive response to the external situation that results in
physical, psychological, and/or behavioural deviations for organizational participants‖. In general
stress is the pressures people feel in life due to their reaction to situation.
Section-B
1. Explain the different elements of OB?
People
Structure
Technology
Environment
2. Discuss how OB is an inter-disciplinary subject.
Psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
3. Describe the nature and scope of OB.
It focuses on the behaviour of individuals
It is inter-disciplinary
It is an applied science
It is an art as well
It adopts a humanistic approach
Its ultimate aim to attain the organizational objective Scope
Individuals
Group of individuals
Organization structure
4. Bring out the impact of personal factors in determining individual behaviour.
Personal factors
Psychological factors
Organisational factors
Environmental factor
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5. State the objectives of OB.
To describe human behaviour in the work place
To understand behaviour
To predict behaviour
To influence behaviour
6. How are group norms developed? Specify their importance.
Explicit statement made by the group member
Critical events in the group history
Primacy
Past experience
7. What are the types of power?
Reward power
Coercive power
Legitimate power
Referent power
Expert power
8. Explain the types of authority.
Traditional authority
Charismatic authority
Legal authority
9. Bring out the impact of personal factors in determining individual behaviour.
Age
Sex
Education
Marital Status
Potentials
10. What are the techniques of acquisition of power?
Indulging in problem-solving activities
Performing extraordinary or unusual activities
Developing interpersonal relationship
Securing the superior‘s endorsement
Getting the subordinates‘ support
Obtaining peer support
Forming coalitions
Co-opting
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11. What are the qualities of effective leadership?
Ability to analyze
Emotional stability
Self-confidence
Fore sight
Sense of judgment
Understanding
Mental courage
Capacity to motivate
Ability to guide
Communication skills
Sociability
Sound physical health
Practicing what is preached
Ambitious
Positive thinking
12. What is the relationship between morale and productivity?
Low Morale and High
Productivity
High Morale and High Productivity
Low Morale and Low
Productivity
High Morale and Low Productivity
13. Explain Porter and Lawler‟s model of motivation.
Main elements of the model:
Effort
Performance
14. Describe the process of motivation?
Recognition of an unfulfilled need
Finding the way out to satisfy the same
Fulfillment of the need
Discovery of new need
15. What are the non-financial incentives?
Job security
Challenging work
Recognition
Better designations
Opportunity for advancement
Participating in decision making
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Competition
Job rotation
16. What is the importance of morale?
Job Security
Job Satisfaction
Organizational Culture
Management Styles
Self Concept of the Employees
Perception of Work and Reward
17. Explain Herzberg motivation theory.
Hygiene factor
Motivational factors
Criticisms of Herzberg theory
18. State the characteristics of authority.
Authority is given by the institution
Authority is not endless
Authority should be in writing
Authority must be commensurate with responsibility
Legitimate command
Authority may be centralized or decentralized
Authority is given to the position and not to the position-holder
19. What are the functions performed by leaders.
Planning
Policy-making
Execution of plans and policies
Controlling internal relations
Representing the group
Providing reward and punishment
Settlement of disputes
Role-model
Inseparable from the group
Answerability
Adherence to value system
20. What are the measures for building high morale
Motivate employees with your example
Establish clear and good communication with employees
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Enrich employees‘ jobs
Challenge employees to perform better
Involve employees as equal members of your team
Consult your employees before implementing policies that will 3affect them
Empower your employees
Acknowledge and appreciate employees‘ performance
Show care about your employees
Create health work environment
Do some personal things
21. What are financial incentives?
Individual
Productivity linked incentives
Performance based pay
Collective
Profit sharing
Co-partnership
Stock option
Retirement benefits
22. State the importance of leadership
To have team work
To guide
To motivate
To bring about changes
To handle crisis
23. Difference between a leader and a manager
Quality
Relationship
Goal
Part
Leadership
Formal or Informal
24. Explain the characteristics of leadership.
It is the personal quality of a person
It is a process of influencing others
It requires the confidence of followers/subordinates
Varying leadership styles
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Leadership is a continuous process
25. Bring out the key points in William Ouchi‟s Z theory.
Lifetime employment opportunities
Horizontal mobility of work
Allowing employees to work with superiors to motivate them
Involvement of employees in decision-making
Emphasis on co-operation and sharing of resources
Mutual relationship between employees
Stable working environment
26. Explain the characteristics of motivation.
Motivation is a psychological concept
Motivation is always total and not piece-meal
Motivation may be financial or non-financial
Method of motivation may be positive as well as negative
Motivation is a continuous process
27. Explain the important determinants of personality.
Hereditary\Genetic factors
Social factors
Situational factors
28. What are the factors influencing the selection of stimuli
External factors
Internal factors
29. Why are groups formed?
Nearness and interaction
Capacity to influence
Need for security
Common interests
Recognition
Power
To get rid of delay
30. Explain the consequences of low morale.
Lack of enthusiasm
Low performance level
Poor quality of work
High rate of absenteeism
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High rate of labour turnover
Excessive complaints and grievances
31. Explain the different approaches of managing stress.
Prevent
Escape
Cope
Section-C
1. Describe the various approaches to OB.
Autocratic Model
Custodial Model
Supportive Model
Collegial Model
2. “High cohesiveness in a groups leads to higher group productivity”?Do you agree or
disagree? Explain.
Inducing agreement on group goals
Increasing the members of likeminded persons
Increasing the interaction of members
Taking care of the group size
Encouraging competition among members
Rewarding the group instead of the members or individual
Isolating the group members from rival groups
3. What are the different leadership styles?
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez Faire
Functional
Institutional
Paternalistic
4. How do you measure morale? Explain.
Company records and reports
Observation
Attitude surveys
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5. Write about McGregor‟s theory-X and theory-Y of work motivation.
X- Theory(Pessimistic Approach)
People dislike to perform their tasks
People are unambitious and won‘t come voluntarily
They lack creativity and show no interest to learn new things
Most people seek for only physiological needs
They should be watched and supervised closely
Managers won‘t involve them in decision-making process
Y- Theory(Optimistic Approach)
People will work with full enthusiasm
People are very ambitious and come forward to accept responsibilities
People have creativity and they are eager to learn new things
They want to show their potentialities fully apart to satisfy their ego
They don‘t need any supervision and direction
Managers are ready to involve them in decision-making process
6. Describe the techniques to improve group decision.
Brainstorming
Nominal Group Technique
Delphi Technique
Dialectic Decision Method
Fish Bowling Technique
7. Discuss the factors influencing the morale.
Nature of work
Service conditions
Type of managers
Inter-personal relationships
Work environment
Personal factors
8. Describe Maslow‟s need hierarchy.
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Social needs
Self-actualisation needs
Esteem needs
Evaluation of Maslow‘s theory
Criticisms of Maslow‘s theory
9. How are the Hawthorne experiments useful in understanding OB?
Expt1:Illumination experiments
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Expt2:Relay assembly test room experiment
Expt3:Interview programme
Expt4:Bank wiring group observation
Findings of the Hawthorne experiment
10. Discuss the important personality theories.
Type theory
Trait theory
Psychological theory
Social learning theory
Self theory
11. Explain Erikson‟s approach to personality development.
Infancy
Early childhood
Play age
School age
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
12. Discuss the various steps involved in the process of perception.
Stage I Receiving Stimuli
Stage II Selecting Stimuli
Stage III Organizing Stimuli
Stage IV Interpreting Stimuli
Stage V Checking Stimuli
Stage VI Reacting to Stimuli
13. Explain various types of group.
Formal groups
Internal groups
Membership groups
Reference groups
In-groups
Out-groups
Open groups
Closed groups
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14. Discuss the measures that can be taken to increase group cohesiveness.
Inducing agreement on group goals
Increasing the membership of likeminded persons
Increasing interactions among members
Taking care of the group size
Encouraging competition among groups
Rewarding the group instead of the individuals
Isolating the group members from rival groups
15. What are the different stages of group development?
Forming stage
Storming stage
Norming stage
Performing stage
Adjourning stage
16. Discuss Vroom‟s expectancy theory.
Valence
Expectancy
instrumentality
17. Describe McClelland‟s need theory.
Achievement need
Affiliation need
Power need
18. Explain the factors influencing individual behaviour.
Personal factors
Psychological factors
Organizational factors
Environmental factors
19. Explain the various leadership theories.
The Traits theory
The Behavioural theory
The Situational theory
20. Describe about managerial grid.
Improverished Management
Country Club Management
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Task Management
Team Management
Middle of the Road Management
21. Explain the factors that cause stress
Individual Stressors
Organisational Stressors
Group Stressors
Extra organisational Stressors
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CORE COURSE – XI
COMPANY LAW AND SECRETARIAL PRACTICE
OBJECTIVES:
To help learners
understand the concept of company law and secretarial practice
comprehend important elements of company documents and
get enlightened on the role of company secretary and the procedures of meetings.
UNIT - I
Company-Definitions-Features-kinds-Private Ltd Company Vs Public Company.
UNIT - II
Formation of companies - Promotion Stage – Commencement Stage –Memorandum of
Association - Clauses - -Articles of Association-contents – Prospectus - Contents.
UNIT - III
Shares-kinds-Equity shares-Preference shares-premium and Discount-Allotment-
Minimum subscription-Forfeiture of shares-Debentures-Types- Dividend – Meaning –
Types.
UNIT - IV
Secretary-Definition-Types-company secretary-Legal position-Qualification-
Appointment-Rights, Duties and Liabilities-Termination.
UNIT - V
Meetings – Types – Statutory, Annual General Meeting – Duties - Notice -Agenda-
Quorum, Resolution – Types.
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COMPANY LAW AND SECRETARIAL PRACTICE
SUBJECT CODE:16CCBB11
1) Define of company.
"A company formed and registered under this act or an existing company. An existing
company means a company formed and registered under any of the former companies Act."
2) Define statutory companies.
"A statutory company is brought into existence under the act passed by the legislature of the
country or state. Powers, responsibilities, liabilities, objects, scope etc. of such a company are clearly
defined under the provisions of the Act which bring it into existence.
3) What is a public company?
"Public company" means is not a private company; has a minimum paid up capital of Rs.5
lakh or such higher paid capital, as may be prescribed; is a private company which is a subsidiary of a
company which is not a private company, i.e. which is a subsidiary of a public company.
4) Who is promoter?
The idea of carrying on a business which can be profitably undertaken is conceived either by
a person or by a group of persons who are called promoter.
5) Who is company secretary?
Secretary means any individual possessing the prescribed qualifications appointed do perform
the duties which may be performed by a secretary under this Act and other ministerial or
administrative duties.
6) Differentiate stock from share.
The points of distinction between share and stock are listed in the following:
Basis of difference share stock
Nominal values share has nominal value. It has no nominal value. Transferability . It is transferable
as a whole. It can be transferred in Sums of any amount.
7) What is forfeiture of share?
If any member of the company fails to make the payment of calls money even after the call
reminder which is server by the directors to the defaulters to pay the call money, then board of
directors pass resolution and shares may be forfeited. The effect of forfeiture is that the name of the
defaulting shareholders is removed from the register of members and ceases his claim on the paid up
amount on shares.
8) What is a role of company secretary?
The secretary is an indispensable hand in a joint stock company. The law recognizes him as
the key-man in the administrative set-up of a company. The secretary of a business company fulfills
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the functions of a full-time officer who looks after the routine business matters as well as ensures
strict compliance with the legal provisions.
9) What is a foreign company?
A foreign company means a company incorporated outside India but having a place of
business in India (sec.591 (1)). Within 30 days of the establishment of business in India, a foreign
company has to furnish to the registrar, the following documents as per section 592; A certified copy
of the charter, stature, memorandum and Articles of the company, containing the constitution of the
company.
10) Define shares.
Section 2(46) of the act define a share as "A share in the share capital of a company and
includes stock, except where a distinction between stock and share is expressed or implied."
11) What is a deferred share?
In the case of deferred shares the right to participate in the distributable amount of net profits
of a company is deferred or postponed till after that of other classes of shares preference and equity.
12) Define prospectus.
A document containing detailed information about the company and an invitation to the
public for subscribing to the share capital and debentures issued is called prospectus.
13) What are the features of a company secretary?
The special features of a secretary are as follows:
The secretary is a person. Any firm or body corporate cannot be appointed as a secretary.
The secretary should be able to perform the work of confidential nature.
The secretary works for another person or an organization.
14) What is memorandum of association?
Memorandum of Association of a company is one of the most important documents required
to be filed with the registrar of companies at the time of formation of a company.
15) What is a notice?
A proper notice should be given to every shareholder, auditors, director of the company and to
every such person who is entitled to attend meeting.
16) What is the significance of meeting?
Company meetings are of considerable importance. Meetings may be of shareholders and
directors. The business policies of a company are discussed and decided at different meetings held
according to the rules laid down in the Articles of the company.
17) What are the essentials of a company meeting?
"An assembly of people for a lawful purpose" or "the coming together of at least two persons
for any lawful purpose."
18) Define memorandum of Association.
According to sec. 2(28) of the companies Act, "memorandum means the memorandum of
association of a company as originally framed or as altered from time to time in pursuance of any
previous companies law or of this act."
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19) What is statutory report?
The directors are required to prepare and send a report called the statutory to every number of
the company at least 21 days before the date of the meeting.
20) What is proxy?
A proxy is an authorized agent of the member for the purpose of voting. The term of proxy is
also applied to the instrument by which the appointment to act on his behalf is made by the member.
21) What is a government company?
According to sec. 617 of the companies Act, 1956, Government Company means, "any
company in which not less than 51% of the paid-up share capital is held by the central government or
by any state government and includes a company which is a subsidiary of a government companv."
22) Define Articles of Association.
According to sec.2(2) of the companies Act, "Articles means the article of association of a
company as originally framed, or as altered from time to time in pursuance of the previous companies
law or of this Act."
23) What is meant by doctrine of constructive notice?
Every person who deals with the company, whether shareholder or an outsider is presumed to
have the memorandum and articles of association of the company and is deemed to know the contents
of these documents. Therefore the knowledge of these document and their contents is known as the
construct ve notice of memorandum and articles of association.
24) What do you mean by 'misstatement'?
A prospectus containing false, misleading, ambiguous or fraudulent statements of material
facts, or suppressing material fact, is termed as "misleading prospectus".
25) Define member.
According to section 2(27), member in relation to a company, does not include a bearer of
share warrant of the company issued in pursuance of section 114.
26) Define share capital.
Indian companies Act, it has been used in different senses in various parts of the act, but in
general it means the money subscribed pursuant to
memorandum of association of the company. Capital, in fact, represents the assets with which the
undertaking is carried on.
27) What is meant by Right issue?
Section 81 of the company Act laid down the procedure for further issue of share capital after
the first issue. When the shares are issued further by the directors, such further shares are offered to
the existing equity shareholders of the company.
28) What is a stock?
When shares are fully paid-up, they may be converted into stock. Stock is simply a set of
shares put together in a bundle. It is the aggregate of fully paid-up shares legally consolidated. The
aggregate can be split up into fractions of any amount without regard to the original nominal amount
of shares. The issue of partly paid-up stock is invalid.
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29) What are the types of shares?
Preference shares:
Equity shares:
Deferred shares.
30) Define share warrant.
A share warrant is a document issued under the common sea of the company stating that the
bearer is entitled to the shares specified there n. A share warrant is a bearer document and it is
transferable by mere de ivery.
31) What are the classifications of preference shares?
1) Cumulative preference share & non-cumulative preference share:2 Participating & non-
participating preference share: 3) Convertible & non- convertible preference share: 4) Redeemable &
irredeemable preference share.
32) What is the statutory meeting?
Every public company having share capital must convene. This is the first meeting of the
shareholders of the company and it is held once in the whole life of the company.
33) What are the objectives of the meeting?
The statutory meeting is held to inform the shareholders about matters relating to
incorporation, allotment of shares, the details of the contracts concluded by company.
34) What is means by Annuals general meeting?
It is a meeting of shareholders which is held once in a year. The object of holding this meeting
is to review the progress and prospects of the company and elect its office bearer for the coming year.
35) What is quorum?
Quorum means the minimum number of the members who must be presented in a meeting to
proceed with the work of meeting as required by the rules.
36) What is agenda?
The term 'agenda' literally means 'things to be done'. In connection with meeting, the words
Agenda denote the programmed or list of the items of the business to be transacted at the meeting. A
copy of agenda must be sent to all members of the company along with the notice of the meeting.
37) Define motion.
The term 'motion' refers to a proposal put before a meeting for consideration and adoption. In
other words, motion is a proposed resolution or a question before the meeting. All important matters
for decision at the general meeting of a company are presented in the form of proposals called
'motion'.
38) What is resolution?
Business transacted at all the meeting of the company is recorded in the form of resolutions.
Every item included in the Agenda is put before the meeting in the form of written approval, motion
for discussion and decision. When the motion is approved by the required majority of membei
present, it becomes a resolution.
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39) What are the qualifications of a company secretary?
Sound general education, Specialized Knowledge, proficiency in Language, Knowledge of
company law, knowledge of accounting & taxation.
40) What are the duties of the company secretary?
The duties of a company secretary can be classified into the following heads:
l)Statutory duties ;2) duties to the directors ;3) duties to the shareholder ;4) duties to the employees
;5) duties to the public ;6) duties relating to the office organization ;7) other duties.
41) State how a company is appointed.
Appointment of secretary by promoters.
Appointment of secretary under Articles of Association.
Appointment of secretary by directors.
42) State the liabilities of a company secretary.
1. Liability fornegligence;
2. Liability for misfeasance;
3. Liability for ultra-vires Acts;
4. Liability for breach of trust;
5. Other liabilities under company Act.
43) What are the Rights of the company secretary?
1. Right to get remuneration;
2. Right to sign important document;
3. Right to issue certificates;
4. Right to have control on the office;
5. Right to represent the company.
44) What is return of allotment?
Whenever a company with share capital makes allotment of shares, if must file a statement
known as return as to allotment with the registrar within 30 days of allotment of shares.
45) Define calls on shares.
The call may be define as a "demand by a company on its shareholders in pursuance of board
resolution and the terms of Articles to pay whole or part of the balance remaining unpaid on each
share after the allotment of shares, at any time during its lifetime".
46) Define share certificate.
According to section 84, "A share certificate is a certificate issued by the company under its
common seal specifying the shares held by any member. It is an evidence of the title of the allotted or
transferee of shares".
47) What is the condition for issue of bonus shares?
The issue of bonus shares must be authorized by the Articles of the company.
It must be recommended by a board resolution and then approved by the shareholders in
general meeting.
It must be in accordance with the guidelines issued by SEBI dated 11- 6-1992.
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48) What is the content of statutory Report?
Shares allotted; cash received; Abstract; Directors; Contracts; underwriting contract.
49) What is the importance of meeting?
Two or more persons must be present at the meeting:
The assemble of persons must be for discussion and transaction some lawful business:
A previous notice would be given for convening a meeting.
50) What are the features of a company secretary?
The special features of a secretary are as follows:
The secretary is a person. Any firm or body corporate cannot be appointed as a secretary.
The secretary should be able to perform the work of confidential nature.
The secretary works for another person or an organization.
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CORE COURSE – XIII
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE:
To help students
understand of the basic elements of HRM
gain knowledge on various facets,the policies and practices of HRM and
acquire knowledge on the recent trends in HRM.
UNIT - I
Human Resource - Definition – Characteristics and Objectives – Principles of HRM–
Functions of Personnel Department – Managerial and Operative Functions.
UNIT - II
HR Planning - Basics and needs – Factors - Steps in HR Planning – Job Analysis, Job
Description and Job Specification - Recruitment-Selection– Interviews and Tests and
Placement of Personnel.
UNIT - III
Training – Objectives – Methods – Importance of Executive Development –Methods –
Promotion- Criteria and types – Transfer - Types - Career Planning.
UNIT - IV
Wages– Different methods of wage payments – Time and Piece rate system –Incentive
Schemes - Fringe benefits.
UNIT - V
Performance Evaluation- Importance – Methods– Discipline and Disciplinary procedure
– Grievances - Steps in Grievance Handling.
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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
III B.B.A
SUBJECT CODE:16
Unit-I
1.What is Human Resource Management?
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the term used to describe formal systems devised for
the management of people within an organization. The responsibilities of a human resource manager
fall into three major areas: staffing, employee compensation and benefits, and defining/designing
work.
2 . What is human resource capital?
Alternatively, human capital is a collection of resources—all the knowledge, talents, skills,
abilities, experience, intelligence, training, judgment, and wisdom possessed individually and
collectively by individuals in a population.
3. What are the characterstics of HRM?
*HRM is concerned with managing people at work.
* HRM is concerned with employees as individual as individual as well as groups. It is
the task of dealing with human relationship within an organization.
4. What is 'Human Resources (HR)'
Human resources (HR) is the company department charged with finding, screening, recruiting
and training job applicants, as well as administering employee-benefit programs. As companies
reorganize to gain competitive edge, human resources plays a key role in helping companies deal
with a fast-changing environment and the greater demand for quality employees.
5. Definition of HRM.
According to Decenzo and Robbins ―HRM is concerned with the people dimension in
management. Since every organisation is made up of people, acquiring their service, developing their
skills, motivating them to higher levels of performance and ensuring that they continue to maintain
their commitment to the organisation are essential to achieving organizational objectives. This is true,
regardless of the type of organizational objectives. This is true, regardless of the type of organisation-
government, business, education, health, recreation, or social action‖.
6. State any two important objective of HRM?
1. To help the organisation to attain its goals effective by providing competent and
motivated employees.
2. To utilize the available human resources effectively.
3. To increase to the fullest the employee‘s job satisfaction and self – actualization.
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7. State the importance of HRM?
Attracting the retaining the required talents through effective Human Resources Planning,
recruiting, selection, placement, orientation, compensation and promotion, policies
Utilising effectively the available human resources.
Ensuring that the enterprises will have in future a team of competent and dedicated
employees.8
8. What do you mean by human resources?
Human resources as a whole consisting of inter-related, inter-dependent and
interacting Psychology, Physiological, Sociological and ethical components.
9. What is Personnel Management?
Personnel management may be defined as the art of procuring, developing and maintaining
competent workforce to achieve organizational goals effectively.
10. State the purpose of HRM
* To utilize the available human resources effectively and by providing competent and
motivated employees.
* To utilize the available human resources effectively.
* To increase to the fullest the employees job satisfaction and self actualization.
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Unit-II
1. What is Human Resource Planning?
HR forecasting is the process of estimating demand for and supply of HR in an organization.
Demand forecasting is a process of determining future needs for HR in terms of quantity and
quality. It is done to meet the future personnel requirements of the organization to achieve the
desired level of output.
2.What is Recruitment?
Recruitment is the process of finding and sourcing quality profiles for the companies. It includes
researching profiles that exactly matches the position. Recruiters find the profiles on job boards,
social sites, references, resume database, and through head hunting techniques.
3. Internal Recruiting -
An internal source of recruitment involves recruiting candidates internally. Employees
currently working in their own company are departed to other department or higher position.
4. External Recruiting
An external source involves recruiting candidates externally for better performance. External
employees always feel young and innovative for new companies, more active enough to find business
problems and fix it
5. What is Selection?
Selection process starts with the completion of recruitment process. Selection function is
much crucial function of management as it is responsible to choose the best candidates among all
applicants.
6.What is Test?
Selection test is the examination of candidates to ensure that they posses sufficient skills,
knowledge and expertise in the job they have applied for. Depending upon the nature and level of job,
organizational culture, number of candidates etc., different types of selection tests can be used.
7. State the importance of HRP.
HRP Meets the organization need for right type of people in right number at right
times.Manpower shortfalls and surplus may be avoided, to a large extent.
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8.What is job Analysis?
Job Analysis is essentially a process of collecting and analyzing data relating to a job.
9. What is Job Description?
Job Description is a written record of the appropriate and authorized content of a job.
10.What is Job Specification?
Job Specification is a statement of the minimum acceptable human qualities required for the
proper performance of a job.
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UNIT-III
1.What is on the job training?
Under this method an employee is instructed by some experienced employee, who may be a
special instructor or supervisor. The success of this type of training mainly depends on the trainer.
Usually training in crafts, trades, technical areas etc., is given by keeping the unskilled or
2. Off-The-Job-Training:
Under this method, a trainee has to leave his place of work and devote his entire time for
training purposes. He does not contribute anything towards production during training. This type of
training may be arranged in the enterprise or may be acquired from specialised institutes imparting
such training.
3. Vestibule Training (Training Centre Training):
Vestibule means a passage or room between the outer door and the interior of a building, in
order to reach the inner of a house, one must pass from vestibule. Under vestibule training, workers
are trained on special machines in a separate location i.e., classrooms.
The vestibule school is run by the Personnel Department. Training is given in artificial
conditions which are just like the real conditions. The theoretical training is given in the classroom.
4. Internship Training:
In this method of training students get practical training while they study. A proper liaison is
established between the technical institutions and business houses where students are sent during
their vacations. Thus, there is a balance between theory and practice and students get practical
Knowledge while studying.
5.What is Role Playing?
Role playing are training techniques that attempt to bring realistic decision making situations
to the trainee. Likely problems and alternative solutions are presented for discussion. The adage there
is no better trainer than experience is exemplified with this type of training. Experienced employees
can describe real world experiences, and can help in and learn from developing the solutions to these
simulations. This method is cost effective and is used in marketing and management training.
6.What is Simulation?
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Simulation is a Experienced employees can describe real world experiences, and can help in
and learn from developing the solutions to these simulations. This method is cost effective and is
used in marketing and management training.
7.Job rotation involves moving an employee through a series of jobs so he or she can get a good feel
for the tasks that are associated with different jobs. It is usually used in training for supervisory
positions. The employee learns a little about everything. This is a good strategy for small businesses
because of the many jobs an employee may be asked to do.
8. What is Internships and assistantships are usually a combination of classroom and on-the-job
training. They are often used to train prospective managers or marketing personnel.
9.What is meant by Brain Storming?
It is a techniques used to solve a certain important organizational problem. Each individual is
free to come out with his ideas . Such an approach makes it possible to look at the problem from
different point of view. This may certainly help to find an optimum solution.
10.What is Career Planning?
Career Planning is the systematic process by which one selects career goals and the path of these
goals.
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UNIT-4
1.What is Wage?
A wage is monetary compensation (or remuneration, personnel expenses, labor) paid by an
employer to an employee in exchange for work done. Payment may be calculated as a fixed amount
for each task completed (a task wage or piece rate), or at an hourly or daily rate,etc.)
2. What is living wage?
Criterion means that wages paid should be adequate to enable an employee to maintain
himself and his family at a reasonable level of existence. However, employers do not generally favor
using the concepts of a living wage as a guide to wage determination because they prefer to base the
wages of an employee on his contribution rather than on his need. Also, they feel that the level of
living prescribed in a workers budge is open to argument since it is based on subjective opinion.
3.What are the Principles of Wage and Salary Administration?
The generally accepted principles governing the fixation of wages and salary are:
a) There should be definite plan to ensure that differences in pay for jobs are based upon
variations in job requirements, such as skill effort, responsibility or job or working conditions
and mental and physical requirements.
b) The general level of wages and salaries should be reasonably in line with that prevailing in the
labour
4. What is Wage Payment Act 1936?
The main objective of the act is to provide for regular payment of wages without any
unauthorized reductions to persons who are employed in any industrial establishment or factory. The
Act prescribes all the permissible deductions to be made from the employees salary, for example
fines, deductions for absence, deductions for loss of goods entrusted to worker, Provident fund,
insurance premium, etc.
5. What do you mean by compensation?
Worker exchange their work for compensation. The term compensation is an embracing word
that comprises cash payments, which in addition to wage and salary include pensions, bonus and
share profit.
6. What is meant by time wage?
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In the case of time wage, the workers will be paid on the basis of the time spent by them on the
job irrespective of quantum of work done.74. What is meant by piece wage?
Under the piece wage method, the workers are paid based on the output produced by them.
7. What is Fringe Benefit?
Non-monetary benefits are called fringe benefits,eg. Free school college hospital etc.
8 .Write note on living wage?
It refers to the amount that is required to provide the following for the worker and his family.
a. Food, clothing and shelter
b. Education and health
c. Fulfillment of social needs
9. What do you meant by Incentive?
Incentive may be defined as any reward or benefit given to the employee over and above his
wage and salary with the view to motivating him to excel in his work.
10. What is Bonus ?
It has little direct incentive effect because it is usually paid to all workers at the same rate
irrespective of their individual efficiency and long after the close of the financial year.
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UNIT – V
1.What is Discipline?
Obedience, application behavior,energy etc
discipline improves morale and labour relation and promotes co-operation among employees.
2. What is misconduct?
Misconduct is a transgression of some established or definite rules and regulation which is
prejudicial to the interest of the employee or which is likely to impair the reputation of the employee
or create unrest among other employers.
3. What is Negative discipline?
It penalities or punishment are used to force workers to obey rules and regulation. The
objective is to ensure that employees do not violate the rules and regulation.
4. What is Performance Appraisal?
Performance Appraisal is the systematic , periodic and an impartial rating of an employees
excellence in matter pertaining to his present job and his potential for a better job.
5.What is positive discipline ?
This is also called ―Self imposed Discipline‖ It involves creation of an atmosphere in the
organization through rewards , appreciation, incentive payment , promotion, constructive support etc.
6. What is Motivation?
Issuing orders and instruction alone may not help to accomplish may task effectively. It is the
duty of the manager to encourage healthy competition among the subordinates.
7. Define Discipline.
―Discipline is the order, members of an organisation who adhere to its necessary regulations
because they desire to cooperate harmoniously in forwarding the end which the group has in view‖.
8. What is meaning of Discipline?
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Thus, discipline can now be defined as a condition in the organisation when employees
conduct themselves in accordance with the organisation‘s rules and standards of acceptable
behaviour.
9. What is Grievance?
A grievance is any dissatisfaction or feeling of injustice having connection with one‘s
employment situation which is brought to the attention of management. Speaking broadly, a
grievance is any dissatisfaction that adversely affects organizational relations and productivity. To
understand what a grievance is, it is necessary to distinguish between dissatisfaction, complaint, and
grievance.
10. What is Gripe boxes?
A gripe box may be kept at prominent locations in the organization for lodging anonymous
complaints pertaining to any aspect relating to work. Since the complaint need not reveal their
identity, employees can express their feelings of injustice or discontent frankly and without any fear
of victimization.555.What is
11. Open-door policy?
This is a kind of walk-in-meeting with the manager when employees can express their
feelings openly about any work-related grievance. The manager can cross-check the details of the
complaint through various means at their disposal.1
12. What is Exit interview?
Employees usually leave their current jobs due to dissatisfaction or better prospects outside. If
the manager tries sincerely through an exit interview, they might be able to find out the real reasons
why the employee is leaving the organization. To elicit valuable information, the manager must
encourage the employee to give a correct picture to rectify the mistakes promptly
13. What is the meaning of performance appraisal?
A performance appraisal (PA), also referred to as a performance review, performance
evaluation, (career) development discussion, or employee appraisal is a method by which the job
performance of an employee is documented and evaluated.
14.Paired Comparison:
In this method, each employee is compared with other employees on one- on one basis,
usually based on one trait only. The rater is provided with a bunch of slips each coining pair of
names, the rater puts a tick mark against the employee whom he insiders the better of the two. The
number of times this employee is compared as better with others determines his or her final ranking.
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SECTION-B
1. What are features of HRM.
2. State the importance of HRM.
3. What are the objectives of HRM.
4. What are the managerial function of HRM.
5. State the scope of HRM.
6. Explain the role of Human Resource Manager.
7. What are the uses of Job Analysis?
8. What are the different types of test used in selection process?
9. .State the importance of Human Resources Planning.
10. Explain the purpose and importance of recruitment.
11. What is recruitment ? Explain the sources of recruitment.
12. State the importance of career planning?
13. Differentiate between training and development.
14. List out the promotion criteria followed in an organization.
15. Explain the significance of Training.
16. What are the essential of a sound wage and salary structure.
17. Distinguish between time rate and piece rate system.
18. List out the principles of wage and salary administration.
19. List out and explain the fringe benefits.
20. What are the steps in disciplinary procedures?.
21. How do you motive employees?
22. List out the objectives of performance appraisal.
23. Explain the main characterstics of performance appraisal.
24. State the causes of Indiscipline.
25. Write note on Red Hot Stove Rule.
SECTION-C
1. Discuss the scope of human resource management.
2. Explain the types of employment tests.
3. Discuss the importance of human resource. Management.
4. Explain in details the operative functions of HRM.
5. What are the different types of information that are relevant to job analysis? How will you
collect such information?
6. Discuss the role of training and development.
7. What are the methods used for information collection for Job Evaluation?
8. Explain the selection process.
9. Discuss the role of training in the present business environment.
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10. Describe the process of wage determination
11.Explain the necessary features of an ideal wage payment system.
12 What are types of Incentive? Explain
13. Describe the ways of redressal of Grievances?
14. What are the various methods of available for appraising the performance of employees.
15.Explain the pros and cons of Seniority and merit criteria of promotion.
16.Discuss the different methods of job evaluation
16.Discuss the factors that determine the wage policy of an organization.
17.What are fringe benefits? Sate their importance
18.Explain the Role of HR Manager.
19. Explain in detail about the Managerial and operative function of HRM.
20.Analyse the functions of a human resource manager in a large manufacturing company.
21.Discuss the factors affecting Human Resource Planning.
22.Discuss the steps in Human Resource Planning process.
23.Explain the need and importance of Human Resource Planning?
24.What is Recruitment? What are the sources or Recruitment?
25.Describe the various selection Techniques used in an Organisation.
26.Explain the different methods of Training.
27. Explain the methods of performance Appraisal.
28.Explain in detail about the disciplinary procedure.
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