SHIRE OF 1 1 AUG 2014 SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE · 2020-03-09 · 140808 3618 cover letter to City SHIRE OF 1 1 AUG 2014 SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE Page11 SJS TRIM - IN14/15537 OCM075.1/05/15

PSA Ref: 3618

8 August 2014

Chief Executive Officer Shire of Serpentine - Jarrahdale 6 Paterson Street Mundijong WA6123

Attention: Kylie Shailer

Dear Sir/Madam,

LOT 224 (1025) ORTON ROAD, OAKFORD SCHEME AMENDMENT

Planning Solutions acts on behalf of Da Prato Holdings Pty Ltd the registered proprietor of Lot 224 (1025) Orton Road, Oakford.

Please find enclosed three copies of the Town Planning Scheme No.2, Amendment No. 190.

Please note; payment of Invoice No. 7301 for the scheme amendment fee, will be made by EFT.

Should you have any queries or require further clarification in regard to the above matter please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned.

Yours faithfully

GILLIAN LESTER PLANNING CONSULTANT

End. 3 x copies of Town Planning Scheme No. 2, Amendment No. 190

140808 3618 cover letter to City

SHIRE OF

1 1 AUG 2014

SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE

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SJS TRIM - IN14/15537

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• I • SHIRE OF SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE

TOWN PLANNING SCHEME NO. 2

AMENDMENT NO. 190

SHIRE OF

\ 1 AUG 20tt

SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE |


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PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ACT 2005 (as amended)

RESOLUTION DECIDING TO AMEND A LOCAL PLANNING SCHEME

SHIRE OF SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE


AMENDMENT NO. 190

RESOLVED that the Council, in pursuance of Section 75 of the Planning and Development Act 2005 (as amended), amend the Town Planning Scheme No. 2 by:

1. Amending the special provisions applicable to Lot 224 Orton Road, Oakford (RL24; No. 22) under Appendix 4A - Rural Living A Zone as follows:

NO. SPECIFIED AREA OF LOCALITY

SPECIAL PROVISIONS TO REFER TO (a)

RL24 22. Lot 224 Orton Road, Oakford

AMD 140 CO 28/8/07

AMD 190 GG DD/MM/YY

1. Within the Rural Living A zone the following land uses are permitted, or are permitted at the discretion of the Council:

Use classes permitted (P)

Single House Public Recreation Public Utility

Discretionary uses (AA)

Ancillary Accommodation Home Occupation Rural Use Stables (horooo aro prohibitod) (refer clause 15 below)

All other uses are prohibited.

In exercising its discretion in respect to AA uses, the Council having regard to the Planning Guidelines for Nutrient Management shall only permit such uses when it is satisfied following consultation with government agencies that the land use does not involve excessive nutrient application or clearing of land.

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2. No dwelling shall be approved by the Council unless it is connected to an effluent disposal system as approved by the Department of Health with an adequate capacity, as determined by the Department of Environment, and with the base of the system or the modified irrigation area being the required distance above the highest known water table.

3. Topsoil stripping, proof rolling and elevation of the land with a minimum of 1.2 metres of free draining, engineered sand fill, will be required for the entire building envelope in order to achieve a suitable site classification and meet the requisite building and environmental requirements for residential development and effluent disposal within the estate.

4. No indigenous vegetation shall be cleared, except where such vegetation is dead or diseased, or where the clearing is required for the purpose of firebreak, dwelling, outbuilding, fence, drainage system, driveway or to accommodate discretionary (AA) uses listed in Special Provision 1; prior to any such clearing, the developer of the estate/landowner shall seek and obtain the written consent of Council.

5. The subdivider shall place notifications on the certificates of title for each lot advising prospective purchasers thai tho kooping of horooo io not permitted. Tho kooping of othor stock ohall bo at tho diocrotion—of Council, of the restrictions relating to the keeping of horses.

6. The subdivider shall prepare and implement a Landscape/Revegetation Plan in accordance with the endorsed Subdivision Guide Plan for this estate including any modifications as deemed necessary by Council. This plan shall address the planting of indigenous trees and shrubs of a species and at a density, distribution and location to the satisfaction of

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Council, prior to the transfer of lot(s) to a new owner.

7. The subdivider shall either maintain the trees and shrubs planted until the land is sold, or shall plant sufficient numbers of trees and shrubs to allow for natural loss. Thereafter, the owners of the subdivided lots shall be responsible for the maintenance and replacement of those trees and shrubs planted by the subdivider to the satisfaction of Council.

8. The subdivider shall prepare and implement a Fire Management Plan, including construction of the emergency access ways, the strategic firebreaks/multiple use network depicted on the endorsed Subdivision Guide Plan, water supplies and equipment and any other fire management requirements deemed necessary, to the specification and satisfaction of Council and the Fire and Emergency Services Authority of Western Australia.

9. Notwithstanding the obligations of the subdivider under Clause 5.12.9(e) of the Scheme, the subdivider shall drain the land and provide detention areas generally in accordance with a Drainage Management Plan provided prior to the commencement of on-the-ground works to the satisfaction of Council and the Water Corporation. The Drainage Management Plan shall also include a Geotechnical Report. Building and effluent disposal sites of each proposed lot are to be detailed in the Drainage Management Plan. Any reserves or easements required to implement the plan shall be provided free-of-cost.

10. At the time of the building application for each lot, a plan of the site shall be submitted by the applicant to the satisfaction and specifications of the Council which shall show site contours, proposed pad level, existing trees and stands of vegetation, those trees and vegetation to be removed

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and retained, and proposals for tree planting and maintenance.

The site plan and proposed shall demonstrate that the development and use of the land will not compromise the implementation of the overlay subdivision, as depicted on the endorsed Subdivision Guide Plan.

11. The Council shall not support any application for subdivision of the land into Rural Living A sizes unless the subdivision is consistent with a Subdivision Guide Plan endorsed by Council and the Western Australian Planning Commission for whole or part of the area.

12. A Subdivision Guide Plan for the subdivision of land into Rural Living A lot sizes, shall have regard to the objectives set out in this Scheme and for the zone or zones affected by it and the requirements of Clause 5.9.3.

13. The Subdivision Guide Plan referred to in Clause 11 shall include and be accompanied by Technical Guidelines that provide a prescription for development and the implementation of subdivision in areas of planning, road works, drainage, effluent disposal, water, bushfire control, protection of the environment, landscaping, easements, landowner coordination, infrastructure cost sharing, controlling developments, or generally regulating or prescribing the use or development of land to overcome problems which would occur, should the land be developed.

14. Horooo aro prohibited. Approval to keep animals within the specified area shall not exceed the stocking rates recommended by Agriculture Western Australia for the applicable pasture types to a dry stocking rato of 2 DSE

ontortainod. Any approval to keep any grazing animal will require fencing of all remnant vegetation by the landowners to the satisfaction of Council.

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15. The keeping of horses is restricted to a maximum of one (1) light horse or two (2) ponies per lot, in accordance with the Agriculture Western Australia animal equivalents. Such horse(s) shall be required to be stabled overnight to the satisfaction of the Shire. Planning approval is required for this land use prior to commencement.

16. A management plan for the keeping of horses shall be prepared and implemented to the satisfaction of the Shire by any landowner seeking to keep a horse(s).

Dated this day of 20

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

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AMENDMENT REPORT

LOCAL AUTHORITY: SHIRE OF SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE

DESCRIPTION OF LOCAL

PLANNING SCHEME: TOWN PLANNING SCHEME NO. 2

TYPE OF SCHEME: DISTRICT PLANNING SCHEME

SERIAL NUMBER: AMENDMENT NO. 190 PROPOSAL: AMEND THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS

APPLICABLE TO LOT 224 ORTON ROAD, OAKFORD (RL24; NO. 22) UNDER APPENDIX 4A - RURAL LIVING A ZONE OF TOWN PLANNING SCHEME NO. 2.


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Lot 224(1025) Orton Road Oakford WA en

CO

Scheme Amendment CO

> CD

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Copyright Statement 2014

© Planning Solutions (Aust) Pty Ltd

All rights reserved. Other than for the purposes of and subject to the conditions prescribed under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Planning Solutions (Aust) Pty Ltd.

No express or implied warranties are made by Planning Solutions (Aust) Pty Ltd regarding the information and analysis contained in this report. In particular, but without limiting the preceding exclusion, Planning Solutions (Aust) Pty Ltd will not verify, and will not assume responsibility for, the accuracy and completeness of information provided to us.

This report has been prepared with particular attention to our Client's instructions and the relevant features of the subject site. Planning Solutions (Aust) Pty Ltd accepts no liability whatsoever for:

1. a third party's use of, or reliance upon, this report; 2. use of, or reliance upon, this report in relation to any land other than the subject site; or 3. the Client's implementation, or application, of the strategies recommended in this report.

Direct all inquiries to:

PLANNING SOLUTIONS (AUST) PTY LTD 296 Fitzgerald Street PERTH WA 6000

ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO: PO Box 8701 PERTH BUSINESS CENTRE WA 6849

Phone: 08 9227 7970 Fax: 08 9227 7971 E-mail: admin(S)planninqsolutions.com.au Web: www.planninqsolutions.com.au


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Project details Job number 3618

Client Da Prato Holdings Pty Ltd

Prepared by Planning Solutions

Consultant Team Environmental Landform Research

Document control

Revision number File name Document date

RevO 140417 3618 SA Report 17 April 2014

Rev1


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Contents

1 Preliminary 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Background 1

2 Site details 3 2.1 Land description 3 2.2 Location 3 2.2.1 Regional context 3 2.2.2 Local context 3 2.3 Land use and topography 3

3 Proposed scheme amendment 7

4 Strategic planning framework 10 4.1 Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale Rural Strategy 10 4.1.1 Rural Strategy Review 2013 (Draft) 10 4.2 WAPC guidelines 11 4.2.1 Rural Planning Guidelines 11 4.2.2 WAPC Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia Manual 11

5 Statutory planning framework 12 5.1 Metropolitan Region Scheme 12 5.2 Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale Town Planning Scheme No. 2 12 5.2.1 Zoning 12 5.2.2 Subdivision Guide Plan 12 5.3 State Planning Policies 13 5.3.1 SPP 2.1 Peel-Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment Policy 13 5.3.2 SPP 2.5 Land Use Planning in Rural Areas 13 5.4 Stocking Rate Guidelines for Small Rural Holdings 13

6 Amendment Justification 15 6.1 Rural Living Context and Character 15 6.2 Assessment of Suitability for Horses 17

7 Conclusion 21

Figures

Figure 1: Regional Context Figure 2: Local Context Figure 3: Aerial Photo Figure 4: TPS2 Zoning Map Figure 5: Areas Horse Keeping Allowable

Appendices

Appendix 1: WAPC Subdivision Approval Appendix 2: Certificate of Title Appendix 3: Assessment of the Suitability of Horses Report Appendix 4: Subdivision Guide Plan


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Lot 224 (1025) Orton Road. Oakford Scheme Amendment

1 Preliminary

1.1 Introduction

Planning Solutions acts on behalf of Da Prato Holdings Pty Ltd, the registered proprietor of Lot 224 (1025) Orton Road, Oakford (subject site). Planning Solutions has prepared the following report in support of an amendment to the Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale Town Planning Scheme No. 2 (TPS2). The proposed amendment to TPS2 comprises modifications to the provisions of Appendix 4A of TPS2 to enable the keeping of horses on the subject site and subsequent subdivided lots.

This report will discuss various matters pertinent to the proposal, including:

• Site details.

• Proposed scheme amendment.

• Strategic planning framework.

• Statutory planning framework.

• Amendment justification.

The proposed amendment seeks to amend the special provisions applicable to RL24 under Appendix4A of TPS2 to allow for the keeping of horses on the subject site and subsequent subdivided lots.

The proposed scheme amendment is supported by a land capability and environmental assessment demonstrating the suitability of the subject site to keep horses.

The Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale (Shire) is respectfully requested to initiate the scheme amendment to TPS2 as outlined above, without modification.

1.2 Background

Approval for subdivision of the subject site into 28 lots ranging in size between 1.1 hectares and 2.4 hectares was granted by the WAPC 12 December 2011. Works have since commenced to progress the creation of the lots. The subdivision is intended to provide a rural lifestyle estate, where landowners may choose to keep horses or other stock in limited quantities, typical of this type of rural residential estate living.

Refer Appendix 1 for a copy of the WAPC Subdivision Approval.

Under Appendix 4A of TPS2 the keeping of horses on the subject site is prohibited. Clause 5 for RL24 under Appendix 4A also specifically requires the subdivider to place notifications on the Certificates of Title for each lot advising prospective purchasers that the keeping of horses is not permitted. Therefore, a scheme amendment is required to enable the keeping of horses on the subject site and to remove the requirement for notifications on Certificates of Title which prohibit the keeping of horses.

A scheme amendment request in relation to this matter was previously lodged with the Shire on 28 February 2014. It was advised by the Shire on 19 March 2014 that the scheme amendment request lodged contained insufficient information to progress the initiation of the proposed amendment as


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Lot 224 (1025) Orton Road, Oakford Scheme Amendment

requested. The following report has been prepared as a new scheme amendment request, providing the information and justification necessary to seek initiation of the proposed scheme amendment.


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Lot 224 (1025) Orton Road. Oakford Scheme Amendment

2 Site details

2.1 Land description

Refer to Table 1 below for a description of the land subject to this scheme amendment.

Table 1 - Lot details

Lot Plan/Diagram Volume Folio Area (ha)

224 P152816 1884 479 39.92

Refer Appendix 2 for a copy of the Certificate of Title.

2.2 Location

2.2.1 Regional context

The subject site is located in the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale. The subject site is located in the suburb of Oakford, approximately 40 kilometres south east of the Perth City Centre. It is located approximately 13 kilometres south west of the Armadale City Centre and 4 kilometres west of Byford Town Centre.

The subject site lies about 4 kilometres south of Tonkin Highway, which connects the site to the wider metropolitan area. South Western Highway is also located approximately 3 kilometres east of the subject site, proving access from the eastern metropolitan localities to the north and south west region of the State to the south.

Refer Figure 1, regional context

2.2.2 Local context

The subject site fronts Orton Road to the south and Kargotich Road to the west. It is bounded by other rural residential properties to the north and east.

The subject site is surrounded by rural residential properties to the north, east and south. Properties to the north are currently in the process of being developed for rural residential living. Those to the south and east are developed and occupied for rural residential use. Land to the west is rural and used for cattle grazing purposes.

Refer Figure 2, local context.

2.3 Land use and topography

The subject site has been used previously for rural purposes, with remnant pastures existing. One single house currently exists on the subject site. A power transmission line also runs north-south across the centre of the subject site.


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Since subdivision approval, site works have commenced and the land is now developed with roads, drainage and revegetation planting.

Land uses immediately surrounding the subject site include rural land used for cattle grazing to the west, and land for rural residential purposes to the north, south and east.

The subject site is generally flat with no significant topographical characteristics.

Refer Figure 3, aerial photo.

Photos 1 to 8 depict the subject site and surrounds.

Photo 2 - Existing single dwelling on the subject site.


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Photo 3 - Newly constructed road and existing power transmission line dissecting the subject site.

Photo 4 - Looking east across the subject site towards the neighbouring rural living lots.

Photo 5 - Rural living development with horses directly opposite the subject site, to the south on Orton Road.

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Photo 7 - Rural living subdivision currently under development to the north of the subject site.

Photo 8 - Rural land with cattle grazing, to the west of the subject site.

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4 W . *«• A ^ T - *

FIGURE 3: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH LOT 224 (1025) ORTON ROAD OAKFORD WESTERN AUSTRALIA

SCALE DATE 15 April 2014

FILE 03 140415 361B Aerial Photo.dwg

REVISION 1/IA/First Dratl/15.04.14 DISCLAIM tR: l i f t IJOLUMI-NI IS AND REMAINS IMF PROPERTY 01 PLANNING SOLUTIONS AND MAV NOT !3L COPIED IN WHOLE OR IN PART WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF P-ANNING SOLUTIONS. ALL AREAS, DISTANCES AND ANCLES ARE APPROXIMATE ONLY AND ARE SUBJECT TO SURVEY. BASLPLAN SOURCE: NEARMAP.COM

t > S IT

Is 1


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3 Proposed scheme amendment The proposed scheme amendment seeks to modify the special provisions applicable to the subject site under Appendix 4A - Rural Living A Zone of TPS2. Specifically, the proposed scheme amendment seeks to modify the special provisions relating to the land identified as RL24 under TPS2 as follows:

• Amend Clause 1 to remove prohibiting of horses and introduce reference to Clause 15.

• Amend Clause 5 to remove the requirement for notifications on Certificates of Title prohibiting horses and requiring discretion of Council for keeping of other stock, and replace with the requirement for notifications on Certificates of Title advising prospective purchasers of restrictions relating to the keeping of horses.

• Amend Clause 14 to remove prohibiting of horses, limitation to a dry stocking rate of 2 DSE, and restriction of irrigated stocking rates.

• Introduce Clause 15 to restrict the keeping of horses to a maximum of one light horse or two ponies per lot, for such horse(s) to be stabled overnight, and for planning approval to be required for the keeping of horses.

• Introduce Clause 16 to require preparation and implementation of a management plan for the keeping of horses by individual landowners.

Specifically, Appendix 4A - Rural Living A Zone of TPS2 is proposed to be amended as follows:

APPENDIX 4A - RURAL LIVING A ZONE (Cont'd)

NO. SPECIFIED AREA OF LOCALITY SPECIAL PROVISIONS TO REFER TO (a)


AMD W9 GG 28/8/07

AMDTBC GGDD/MM/YY





Ancillary Accommodation Home Occupation Rural Use

Stables (horses are prohibited)(refer clause 15 below)

All other uses are prohibited. In exercising its discretion in respect to AA uses, the Council having regard to the Planning Guidelines for Nutrient Management shall only permit such uses when it is satisfied following consultation with government agencies that the land use does not involve excessive nutrient application or clearing of land.

2. No dwelling shall be approved by the Council unless it is connected to an effluent disposal system as approved by the Department of Health with an adequate capacity, as determined by the Department of Environment, and with the base of the system or the modified irrigation area being the required distance above the highest known water table.

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5. The subdivider shall place notifications on the certificates of title for each lot advising prospective purchasers that the keeping of horses is not permitted. The keeping of other stock shall be at tho discretion of Council, of the restrictions relating to the keeping of horses.

6. The subdivider shall prepare and implement a Landscape/Revegetation Plan in accordance with the endorsed Subdivision Guide Plan for this estate including any modifications as deemed necessary by Council. This plan shall address the planting of indigenous trees and shrubs of a species and at a density, distribution and location to the satisfaction of Council, prior to the transfer of lot(s) to a new owner.

7. The subdivider shall either maintain the trees and shrubs planted until the land is sold, or shall plant sufficient numbers of trees and shrubs to allow for natural loss. Thereafter, the owners of the subdivided lots shall be responsible for the maintenance and replacement of those trees and shrubs planted by the subdivider to the satisfaction of Council.



10. At the time of the building application for each lot, a plan of the site shall be submitted by the applicant to the


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satisfaction and specifications of the Council which shall show site contours, proposed pad level, existing trees and stands of vegetation, those trees and vegetation to be removed and retained, and proposals for tree planting and maintenance.

The site plan and proposed shall demonstrate that the development and use of the land will not compromise the implementation of the overlay subdivision, as depicted on the endorsed Subdivision Guide Plan.




14. Horses are prohibited. Approval to keep animals within the specified area shall not exceed the stocking rates recommended by Agriculture Western Australia for the applicable pasture types to a dry stocking rate of 2 DSE and irrigated stocking ratos will not be entertained. Any approval to keep any grazing animal will require fencing of all remnant vegetation by the landowners to the satisfaction of Council.

15. The keeping of horses is restricted to a maximum of one (1) light horse or two (2) ponies per lot, in accordance with the Agriculture Western Australia animal equivalents. Such horse(s) shall be required to be stabled overnight to the satisfaction of the Shire. Planning approval is required for this land use prior to commencement.


An environmental consultant has undertaken an Assessment of the Suitability for Horses for the subject site. The proposed scheme amendment is consistent with the recommendations of the assessment, as discussed in Section 6 - Amendment Justification. A copy of the assessment report is contained in Appendix 3.


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4 Strategic planning framework

4.1 Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale Rural Strategy

The Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale Rural Strategy aims to guide the overall strategic planning for rural land use and development throughout the Shire.

In respect to rural living areas, two types of rural living policy areas were distinguished with the formulation of the Rural Strategy; Rural Living A and Rural Living B. The purpose of these distinct areas is to facilitate various intensities of developments and produce outcomes which reflect the rural character of the area.

The subject site is located in the Rural Living A policy area, which provides for lots from 4000m2 to 1 hectare. The subject site's designation within the Rural Living A policy area was the result of the 2002 review of the Rural Strategy. The review responded to increasing pressure across the Shire for subdivision of larger rural lots into rural living areas.

4.1.1 Rural Strategy Review 2013 (Draft)

The Shire is currently undertaking a review of the Rural Strategy. The Draft Rural Strategy Review was advertised late 2013 to early 2014, and is now expected to be presented to Council for final adoption in May/June 2014.

The subject site continues to be within the Rural Living A policy area under the Draft Rural Strategy Review, providing for lot sizes of 4000m2 to 1 hectare, with limited larger lots where capability and site constraints dictate.

The objectives for the rural living policy areas under the Draft Rural Strategy Review are outlined as follows:

The objectives of the Rural Living Policy Area are to:

• Provide for additional choice in style and location of residential land not available within the Shire's urban nodes.

• Maximise the provision, use and efficiency of infrastructure available in and around the Shire's urban nodes.

• Restrict rural land uses that are not generally compatible with maintaining residential amenity.

• Provide opportunities for development that maintains rural character and promotes appropriate land management.

• Provide for a diversity of lot sizes ranging from 0.4 and 4 hectares.

• Provide opportunity for low-key tourism, such as Bed & Breakfast accommodation

• Protect Local Natural Areas and encourage revegetation.

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4.2 WAPC guidelines

4.2.1 Rural Planning Guidelines

The WAPC Rural Planning Guidelines provide guidance for planning of rural areas, including rural living precincts. The guidelines broadly outline the general variants of rural living and refer to the criteria under Clause 5.6 of SPP 2.5 for establishment of rural living estates.

In respect to dealing with stocking rates, the Rural Planning Guidelines recognise that each rural living estate will have unique lot sizes, soil conditions, climate and vegetation, which may restrict keeping of stock. The Rural Planning Guidelines do not provide specific provisions for determining stocking restrictions.

4.2.2 WAPC Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia Manual

The Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia Manual is a guiding document aimed at equipping planners with visual landscape assessment tools to utilise in the planning process. The manual is not a statutory document and is produced purely as a guide for desired outcomes.

The document highlights the importance of emphasis on maintaining visual landscape character of areas. It provides a framework for visual landscape evaluation to be used in preparing of planning strategies and schemes. The process involves setting the context, identifying the visual landscape character, evaluating how the visual landscape character is viewed, experienced and valued, and developing appropriate management strategies.


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5 Statutory planning framework

5.1 Metropolitan Region Scheme

The Metropolitan Region Scheme (MRS) provides the broad statutory planning framework, including zoning and reservations for the Perth metropolitan area. The subject site is zoned Rural under the MRS.

5.2 Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale Town Planning Scheme No. 2

5.2.1 Zoning

The subject site is zoned Rural Living A RLA 24 under the provisions of the Serpentine Jarrahdale Town Planning Scheme No. 2 (TPS2).

Refer Figure 4, TPS2 Zoning Map.

Clause 5.12.2 of TPS2 specifies the following intent for the Rural Living A zone:

5.12.2 The Rural Living A Zone is intended to cater for rural residential development on a rang of lots between 4,000 square metres to one hectare in accordance with the objectives and guidelines of the Rural Strategy, [sic]

Clause 5.12.7 of TPS2 states in regard to use and development within the Rural Living zones:

5.12.7 A description of the land included in the Rural Living A and Rural Living B zones together with land uses permitted and any special provisions relating to the land are set out in Appendix 4A and Appendix 4B respectively. Such uses will be dependent upon site survey and reference to land capability and other planning data.

Appendix 4A provides a series of special provisions applicable to the subject site (RL24). Of particular relevance, Clause 1 for RL24 under Appendix 4A classifies Stables as a discretionary use, but prohibits horses. Clauses 5 and 14 additionally relate to prohibiting the keeping of horses on the subject site.

5.2.2 Subdivision Guide Plan

Further to the various special provisions provided for by Appendix 4A, Clause 5.12.9(a) of TPS2 provides that:

5.12.9(a) subdivision shall be in accordance with the appropriate Subdivision Guide Plan endorsed by the Shire Clerk but minor amendments to the plan of subdivision may be permitted subject to the approval of the Commission, and Council, however, lot sizes will not generally be permitted to be reduced.

A copy of the Subdivision Guide Plan for the subject site is contained in Appendix 4. The approved plan of subdivision for the subject site is generally consistent with the Subdivision Guide Plan. Albeit, road and lot layout is modified slightly; overall lot sizes are consistent with that provided for by the reticulated water scenario under the Subdivision Guide Plan.

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METROPOLITAN REGION SCHEME RESERVES

| Parks and Recreation

Public Purposes

LOCAL SCHEME RESERVES - Drainage Purposes

Local Roads

Public and Community Purposes

| Public Open Space

ZONES Rural

| A | Rural Living A

I 8 I Rural Living B

Special Rural

OTHER [SJc^j Special Residential Areas

(See Scheme Text)

SS9 Special Rural Areas (See Scheme Text)

|SL> Ifl Rural Living Areas (See Scheme Text)

No Zone

— — Subject Site

FIGURE 4: ZONING MAP

LOT 224 (1025) ORTON ROAD OAKFORD WESTERN AUSTRALIA

SCALE 1 15,000 @A4

DATE 15 Apr! 2014

FILE 04 140415 3618Zoning.dwg

REVISION lAA/FirsI Draft/15.04.14

Scale Bar (m) I 200

DISCLAIMER: TPB DOCUMENT tS AND REMAMS THE PROPERTY OF PLAMNUG SOLUTIONS AND MAY NOT BE COPIED IN WHCXE OR U PART WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF PLANNING SOLUTIONS. ALL AREAS, DISTANCES AND ANGLES ARE APPROXIMATE ONLY AND ARE SUBJEC" TO SURVEY. BASE PLAN SOURCE: WAPC


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It is highlighted that the Subdivision Guide Plan provides for walk/bridle trails on the subject site to link into the existing wider trail network in the surrounding locality. This factor clearly demonstrates the intent of the Subdivision Guide Plan to provide for and further foster the equine focus of the rural residential lifestyle in this locality. It in no way considers the prohibiting of horses on the subject site.

5.3 State Planning Policies

5.3.1 SPP 2.1 Peel-Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment Policy

The subject site is located within the boundary of the Peel-Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment, and is therefore subject to State Planning Policy 2.1 Peel Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment Policy (SPP 2.1).

SPP 2.1 places restrictions on what land uses can occur within the Peel-Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment boundary. The policy recognises the impact development has on water resources and outlines restrictions accordingly. The development of rural residential lots is not a form of restricted development under this policy.

Specific policy provisions relating to means of effluent disposal, retention of existing vegetation and keeping of grazing animals are provided for rural residential lots over 4000m2. Of particular relevance, Clause 6.2.5 of SPP 2.1 states:

6.2.5 The keeping of horses, sheep, goats and other grazing animals shall be subject to the prior approval of the Council. Animal stocking rates shall not exceed the stocking rates recommended by the Department of Agriculture for the pasture type for the policy area.

5.3.2 SPP 2.5 Land Use Planning in Rural Areas

State Planning Policy 2.5 Land Use Planning in Rural Areas (SPP 2.5) applies to all rural and rural living land across Western Australia.

SPP 2.5 has the objective to protect rural land from incompatible uses. The policy recognises that the protection of rural property from conflicting land uses is important and requires adequate planning and policy implementation. The policy provides policy measures to apply to decision making for rural living proposals. These encourage rural living precincts to be established as part of a strategic settlement hierarchy, to avoid priority agricultural land and areas required for urban expansion, to be serviced appropriately by infrastructure, and to avoid natural hazard risk and other environmental constraints.

5.4 Stocking Rate Guidelines for Small Rural Holdings

The Stocking Rate Guidelines for Small Rural Holdings - Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp (Stocking Rate Guidelines) is an Agriculture Western Australia document prepared specifically to provide guidance as to the potential to keep stock on the Swan Coastal Plain. The document contains methodology to determine soils and potential loading, and provides a full breakdown of recommended stocking rates for various soil types.

Stocking rates are provided for in DSE/ha units. In terms of horses, a light horse is the equivalent of 10.0 DSE, whilst a pony is the equivalent of 5.0 DSE.

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The Stocking Rate Guidelines classify the soils of the subject site to be semi-wet (SR5) soils. The recommended stocking rates for SR5 soils are:

• 6 DSE/ha for dry pasture.

• 20 DSE/ha for irrigated pasture.

The Stocking Rate Guidelines address the fact that land management and degradation issues arise with overstocking. In order to address these issues, the Stocking Rate Guidelines identify that it is necessary for most local planning schemes to contain provisions requiring stocking rates in rural residential zones to match those recommended by Agriculture Western Australia.


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6 Amendment Justification

6.1 Rural Living Context and Character

Under both strategic and statutory planning frameworks, the subject site is intended for rural living purposes. It has been subdivided to achieve the rural living objectives of the Shire's Rural Strategy, to be consistent with the requirements of the Rural Living A zone under TPS2, and to be generally in accordance with the Subdivision Guide Plan applicable to the subject site. The subdivision provides for lots between 1.1 ha and 2.4 ha (averaging 1.4 ha). These lots are considerably larger than those of a typical urban subdivision, and are provided to cater to an alternate more rurally based lifestyle. As stated by the Shire's draft Rural Strategy (2013):

The opportunity for this style of development is becoming harder to find in the metropolitan area and is one of the key characteristics associated with the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale. Rural Living development in this instance provides both a mechanism to house a growing population while maintaining the rural character and landscape that has been recognised as being of significance to the identity of the Shire.

And

Rural living areas cater for those who seek a lifestyle with a greater sense of space and privacy than in urban areas.

An important component of rural living lifestyle, which the Shire is renowned for, may, for some landowners, include the keeping of limited quantities of livestock, and of particular relevance, horses.

It is apparent that keeping of horses is a popular lifestyle choice in the locality of the subject site, as paddocks, stables, horses and other horse related equipment is commonplace in adjacent established rural living subdivisions. The keeping of horses makes a significant contribution to the visual landscape character and amenity of the locality. The equine based rural lifestyle identity and character of the locality are a valuable attribute to the Shire, which should be fostered.

The locality is provided with a network of multiple use trails, capable for use by horses, which is to be extended through the subject site as a condition of subdivision approval. The Subdivision Guide Plan refers to these trails as walk/bridle trails, and it is understood the trail network is widely used for exercising of horses. This clearly demonstrates the keeping of horses is particularly important to the local identity and subdivision of the subject site was intended to accommodate keeping of horses.

Refer Photos 9 to 12, depicting examples of the keeping of horses contributing to the rural lifestyle and visual landscape character of the locality.


is

OCM075.1/05/15


Photo 9 - Horses grazing in paddocks at a rural living property east of the subject site.

Photo 10 - Paddock, stables and riding arena at a rural living property to the east of the subject site.

Photo 11 - Riding arena and horse trailers at a rural living property to the east of the subject site.

16


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Photo 12 - Horses grazing at a rural living property south of the subject site.

Whilst it is recognised horse keeping needs to be managed appropriately to avoid land degradation, environmental and amenity impacts, it is submitted the outright prohibiting of the keeping of horses is inconsistent with the intent of rural living areas, as provided by both the Rural Strategy and TPS2, and is contrary to the existing character of the locality.

Figure 5 depicts the subject site in the context of its locality, demonstrating that the keeping of horses is allowable for all properties surrounding the subject site. Naturally, horses are permissible in the Rural zone to the west. Meanwhile, of all the Rural Living A zoned properties in the locality, RLA 24 (the subject site) is the only specified area for which horses are prohibited.

It is noted, in the case of immediately adjacent RLA 18 and RLA 26 specific management provisions have been applied, respectively limiting the keeping of horses to lots of at least 1 ha for RLA 18, and limiting the number of horses kept to 1 per lot for RLA 26. It is acknowledged site specific management provisions are important to ensuring land degradation and negative impacts to the environment and amenity are avoided. The proposed amendment, accordingly, incorporates new special provisions to stipulate maximum horse stocking rates and to require preparation and implementation of a management plan for the keeping of horses.

The proposed amendment to modify the special provisions to enable the keeping of horses on the subject site and subsequent subdivided lots should be supported by Council. The amendment is consistent with the intent of the approved subdivision, the Subdivision Guide Plan and objectives for rural living areas. The amendment additionally is consistent with the existing amenity and visual landscape character of the locality. It will further foster the unique equine based rural residential lifestyle identity established for the locality. The amendment incorporates management measures to ensure the keeping of horses will not pose negative impacts to the subject site or surrounds.

6.2 Assessment of Suitability for Horses

An Assessment of the Suitability for Horses specific to the subject site has been prepared by Landform Research. The report assesses land capability, looking at geology, geomorphology, regolith, soils, soil moisture, surface water, flood risk, drainage, wetlands, salinity, groundwater, nutrient loading and stocking rates for the subject site.

17


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BASE PLAN SOURCE WAPC


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It is recognised the subject site adjoins cattle grazing land to the west, and rural residential lots where horses are permitted to be kept to the north, south and east. The subject site shares the same soils and water management issues as these surrounding areas.

Based on the site characteristics, land capability and nutrient loading considerations, the assessment concludes:

There is no reason for horses not to be permitted on site.

The assessment performs a comparison of the typical nutrient loading for the site before and after subdivision. Pre-subdivision loading is estimated based on the land to the west, which is used for cattle grazing. It is determined pre-subdivision nutrient loading would be higher than that following subdivision under scenarios for either one horse per lot or one horse per two lots. Table 2 as follows, extracted from the Assessment of the Suitability for Horses report, compares the typical nutrient loading scenarios.

Table 2 - Typical nutrient loadings for pre- and post-subdivision stocking rate scenarios

Possible lot size and activity

Nitrogen loading per hectare

Phosphorus loading per hectare

Likely nutrient scenario

PRE SUBDIVISION NUTRIENT LOADING Estimated average current stocking at 10 DSE per hectare, or large cattle at 1 per hectare.

70.0 kg/N/ha/year

22.5 kg/P/ha/year

Nutrient export could occur when the soils are saturated in winter so that additional rainfall on the lower wetter areas runs off It could also occur with the autumn flush of water Probable nutrient export from winter wet soils.

AFTER SUBDIVISION WITH AVERAGE OF ONE HORSE PER LOT Likely nutrient input after subdivision to 1.2 hectare lots. Nutrient adsorbing or alternative waste water system Small garden, small fertilised lawn, dog, cat, 6 fowl or additional garden 1 horse per lot average

65.8 kg/N/ha/year

13 kg/P/ha/year

Lower nutrient loading for phosphorus. Similar nutrient loading for nitrogen Likely to be reduced phosphorus nutrient export

AFTER SUBDIVISION WITH AVERAGE OF ONE HORSE PER TWO LOTS Likely nutrient input after subdivision to 1.2 hectare lots Nutrient adsorbing or alternative waste water system. Small garden, small fertilised lawn, dog, cat, 6 fowl or additional garden, l horse per two lots average

40.8 kg/N/ha/year

84 kg/P/ha/year

Lower nutrient loading for phosphorus. Likely to be reduced phosphorus nutrient export.

This is likely to be closest to the average loading based on a quick review of horse ownership.

18


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An average of one horse per two lots is estimated the most likely scenario based on examination of surrounding subdivisions where horses are permitted. Examination of aerial photography estimated 46% of lots have horses (based on the presence of paddocks/yards). Thus, nutrient loading can be expected to be much lower than pre-subdivision levels should, on average, horses be kept on the subject site at a rate of one horse per two lots. Nonetheless, nutrient loading would still remain lower than pre-subdivision levels with the keeping of one horse per subdivided lot.

The assessment additionally notes the soils on the subject site are classified by the Agriculture Western Australia Stocking Rate Guidelines as semi-wet (SR5) soils. In accordance with the Stocking Rate Guidelines, SR5 soils have a recommended dry stocking rate of 6 DSE/ha and recommended irrigated stocking rate of 20 DSE/ha. The assessment likens this to capacity for a stocking rate of approximately one horse for every 1.4 lots with no irrigation and 2.4 horses per lot if irrigated.

Referencing the animal equivalents provided for by the Stocking Rate Guidelines, one light horse (450 kg) is the equivalent of 10 DSE, while one pony (250 kg) is the equivalent of 5 DSE. Thus, two ponies may reasonably be considered as the equivalent of one horse.

Based on the findings of the Assessment of Suitability for Horses, the proposed amendment to the special provisions of Appendix 4A to enable the keeping of horses on the subject site is considered warranted.

Site specific environmental investigations have determined there is no particular reason for which horses should be prohibited. It is clear, rather, that horse keeping is prevalent in the surrounding locality, on sites of equivalent soil type and land capability. The soils are classified as being capable to accommodate the level of stocking that would be expected based on the stocking rates witnessed in surrounding rural residential subdivisions. Furthermore, the nutrient loading that would be the result of horse keeping will be less than pre-subdivision levels estimated for the land used for cattle grazing.

Thus, the Assessment for Suitability of Horses has demonstrated the proposed amendment to enable the keeping of horses on the subject site will not contribute to degradation of the land or compromise the environment in any other way, provided the keeping of horses is managed appropriately.

The proposed amendment includes modification to special provisions to protect overall stocking rates for all animals on the subject site. It additionally proposes maximum individual lot stocking rates to protect amenity and avoid localised over stocking of individual lots.

The assessment confirms the subdivision has been designed and constructed to adequately manage all parameters of horse keeping other than those aspects of keeping stock that are directly dependent on the landowner. Therefore, the assessment suggests:

The development of a management plan by a landholder wishing to have horses, is recommended prior to the stocking. This encourages the landholders to consider the issues and the methods that can be used to manage the keeping of horses.

The proposed amendment to the special provisions applicable to the subject site include addition of a clause to require a management plan to be prepared and implemented to the satisfaction of the Shire by any landowner seeking to keep horses. The introduction of the new clause will ensure landowners carefully consider the issues around keeping of horses and methods to manage these issues appropriately. The amendment therefore ensures the landowners are held accountable for the sustainable and responsible management of their horses.

19


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The proposed amendment, therefore, incorporates appropriate management measures for the keeping of horses, in accordance with the Agriculture Western Australia Stocking Rate Guidelines and as recommended by the Assessment of Suitability for Horses report prepared specifically for the subject site.


20

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7 Conclusion It is considered the proposed amendment to TPS2 should be supported; recognising the proposed modifications to the special provisions applicable to the specified area are consistent with the character and amenity of the locality and will not negatively impact the environmental integrity of the land.

In summary, the proposed amendment is justified and considered appropriate for the following reasons:

1. The proposal is consistent with the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale Rural Strategy.

2. The proposal is consistent with the relevant State level strategic planning framework.

3. The proposal is consistent with the Metropolitan Region Scheme.

4. The proposal is consistent with the relevant State Planning Policies.

5. The proposal is consistent with the Agriculture Western Australia Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings - Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp.

6. The proposal is consistent with the existing visual landscape character and amenity of the locality.

7. Environmental Assessment of the Suitability for Horses for subject site has determined there is no reason for horses not to be permitted on the subject site.

8. The proposal incorporates appropriate management provisions for the keeping of horses, which are consistent with the Stocking Rate Guidelines and recommendations of the Assessment of the Suitability for Horses.

Based on the above, the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale is respectfully requested to initiate the proposed Scheme Amendment for the purposes of public advertising and to subsequently grant final approval, without modification.


21

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Appendix 1 WAPC Subdivision Approval

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Western Australian

*M •• Planning m Commission

YourRef : ^ f f f ^ Enquiries : Lisa Powell (Ph 6551 9487)

Allerding & Associates 125 Hamersley Road SUBIACO WA 6008

Approval Subject To Condition(s) Freehold (Green Title) Subdivision

Application No : 145335

Planning and Development Act 2005

Applicant : Allerding & Associates 125 Hamersley Road SUBIACO WA 6008

Owner : D'Orazio Holdings Pty Ltd & Da Prato Holdings Pty Ltd 342 Armadale Road BANJUP WA 6164

Application Receipt : 12 December 2011

Lot Number 224

Diagram / Plan DP 152816

Location -

C/T Volume/Folio 1884/479

Street Address Orton Road, Oakford

Local Government Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale

The Western Australian Planning Commission has considered the application referred to and is prepared to endorse a deposited plan in accordance with the plan date-stamped 12 December 2011 once the condition(s) set out have been fulfilled.

This decision is valid for four years from the date of this advice, which includes the lodgement of the deposited plan within this period.

The deposited plan for this approval and all required written advice confirming that the requirement(s) outlined in the condition(s) have been fulfilled must be submitted by 2 March 2016 or this approval no longer will remain valid.

140 William Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Locked Bag 2506 Perth, 6001 Tel: (08)6551 9000; Fax: (08)6551 9001; Infoline: 1800 626 477

e-mail: corporate®planning.wa.gov.au; web address http://www. planning.wa.gov.au ABN 35 482 341 493


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Western Australian

^ p l ^ Commission Reconsideration - 28 days

Under section 151(1) of the Planning and Development Act 2005, the applicant/owner may, within 28 days from the date of this decision, make a written request to the WAPC to reconsider any condition(s) imposed in its decision. One of the matters to which the WAPC will have regard in reconsideration of its decision is whether there is compelling evidence by way of additional information or justification from the applicant/owner to warrant a reconsideration of the decision. A request for reconsideration is to be submitted to the WAPC on a Form 3A with appropriate fees. An application for reconsideration may be submitted to the WAPC prior to submission of an application for review. Form 3A and a schedule of fees are available on the WAPC website: http://www.plannina.wa.aov.au

Right to apply for a review - 28 days

Should the applicant/owner be aggrieved by this decision, there is a right to apply for a review under Part 14 of the Planning and Development Act 2005. The application for review must be submitted in accordance with part 2 of the State Administrative Tribunal Rules 2004 and should be lodged within 28 days of the date of this decision to: the State Administrative Tribunal, 12 St Georges Terrace, Perth, WA 6000. It is recommended that you contact the tribunal for further details: telephone 9219 3111 or go to its website: http://www.sat.iustice.wa.aov.au

Deposited plan

The deposited plan is to be submitted to the Western Australian Land Information Authority (Landgate) for certification. Once certified, Landgate will forward it to the WAPC. In addition, the applicant/owner is responsible for submission of a Form 1C with appropriate fees to the WAPC requesting endorsement of the deposited plan. A copy of the deposited plan with confirmation of submission to Landgate is to be submitted with all required written advice confirming compliance with any condition(s) from the nominated agency/authority or local government. Form 1C and a schedule of fees are available on the WAPC website: http://www.planning.wa.gov.au

Condition(s)

The WAPC is prepared to endorse a deposited plan in accordance with the plan submitted once the condition(s) set out have been fulfilled.

The condition(s) of this approval are to be fulfilled to the satisfaction of the WAPC.

The condition(s) must be fulfilled before submission of a copy of the deposited plan for endorsement.

The agency/authority or local government noted in brackets at the end of the condition(s) identify the body responsible for providing written advice confirming that the WAPC's requirement(s) outlined in the condition(s) have been fulfilled. The written advice of the agency/authority or local government is to be obtained by the applicant/owner. When the written advice of each identified agency/authority or local government has been obtained, it should be submitted to the WAPC with a Form 1C and appropriate fees and a copy of the deposited plan.

140 William Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Locked Bag 2506 Perth, 6001 Tel: (08) 6551 9000; Fax: (08)6551 9001; Infoline: 1800 626 477

e-mail: [email protected]; web address http://www. planning.wa.gov.au ABN 35 482 341 493


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/"I Western Australian Commission

If there is no agency/authority of local government noted in brackets at the end of the condition(s), a written request for confirmation that the requirement(s) outlined in the condition(s) have been fulfilled should be submitted to the WAPC, prior to lodgement of the deposited plan for endorsement.

Prior to the commencement of any subdivision works or the implementation of any condition(s) in any other way, the applicant/owner is to liaise with the nominated agency/authority or local government on the requirement(s) it considers necessary to fulfil the condition(s).

The applicant/owner is to make reasonable enquiry to the nominated agency/authority or local government to obtain confirmation that the requirement(s) of the condition(s) have been fulfilled. This may include the provision of supplementary information. In the event that the nominated agency/authority or local government will not provide its written confirmation following reasonable enquiry, the applicant/owner then may approach the WAPC for confirmation that the condition(s) have been fulfilled.

In approaching the WAPC, the applicant/owner is to provide all necessary information, including proof of reasonable enquiry to the nominated agency/authority or local government.

The condition(s) of this approval, with accompanying advice, are:

CONDITION(S)

Modifications

1. The proposed Multiple Use Trail being extended along the entire length of the southern boundary of proposed Lot 17 in accordance with the adopted Subdivision Guide Plan. (Local Government)

Road and Movement Network

2. Those lots not fronting an existing road being provided with frontage to a constructed road(s) connected by a constructed road(s) to the local road system and such road(s) being constructed and drained at the applicant/owner's cost. As an alternative the WAPC is prepared to accept the applicant/owner paying to the local government the cost of such road works as estimated by the local government subject to the local government providing formal assurance to the WAPC confirming that the works will be completed within a reasonable period as agreed by the WAPC. (Local Government)

3. Street corners within the subdivision being truncated to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission. (Local Government)

4. The cul-de-sac heads being designed and constructed to the satisfaction of the local government. (Local Government)




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/^\ Western r#JN Australian ^ M A Planning

Commission 5. The intersections of the proposed internal roads with Orton Road and Kargotich

Road being designed and constructed to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission. (Local Government)

6. Pursuant to section 150 of the Planning and Development Act 2005, a restrictive covenant preventing motor vehicle access onto Kargotich Road or Orton Road Link benefiting the Local Government being lodged on the Certificates of Title of proposed Lots 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, and 14 to 17, at the full expense of the applicant. (Local Government)

7. The Multiple Use Trails within the subdivision being constructed and drained to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission. (Local Government)

8. The Multiple Use trails (rights-of-way) within the subdivision being shown on the Deposited Plan and vested in the Crown under Section 152 of the Planning and Development Act 2005, such land to be ceded free of cost and without any payment of compensation by the Crown. (Local Government)

Drainage

9. An Urban Water Management Plan being prepared and approved prior to the commencement of ground disturbing activities, consistent with the Department of Water's Stormwater Management Manual for Western Australia, to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission on advice of the Department of Water. (Department of Water)

10. The approved Urban Water Management Plan shall be implemented by the landowner, including construction of the identified wastewater, stormwater and groundwater management systems, to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission on advice of the Local Government. (Local Government)

11. The proposed drainage basin shown on the approved plan of subdivision being shown on the Deposited Plan as a "Reserve for Drainage" and vested in the Crown under Section 152 of the Planning and Development Act 2005, such land to be ceded free of cost and without any payment of compensation by the Crown. (Local Government)

Subdivision Works

12. Construction drawings to be submitted and approved prior to the commencement of subdivision works to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission. (Local Government)

13. Prior to the commencement of any subdivision works, a Dust Management Plan shall be prepared, approved and thereafter implemented, to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission. (Local Government)

14. The land being graded and stabilised. (Local Government)




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/ I Western i&fc*! Australian ^SM/ji Planning,

Commission 15. The land being filled and/or drained at the subdivided cost to the satisfaction of the

Western Australian Planning Commission and any easements and/or reserves necessary for the implementation thereof, being granted free of cost. (Local Government)

16. The applicant/owner is to provide a geotechnical report certifying that the land within the proposed building envelopes is physically capable of development and to demonstrate the suitability and proposed location for on-site effluent disposal. (Local Government)

Servicing

17. Arrangements being made to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission and to the specification of Western Power for the provision of an underground electricity supply service to the lot(s) shown on the approved plan of subdivision. (Western Power)

18. Arrangements being made to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission and to the specification of Western Power for the provision of suitable easements under the Energy Operators (Powers) Act 1979 for existing and/or future transmission (33,000 Volt or greater) electricity network infrastructure. (Western Power)

19. The transfer of land as a Crown Reserve, free of cost to Western Power for the provision of electricity supply infrastructure. (Western Power)

Miscellaneous

20. Notification in the form of a section 70A notification, pursuant to the Transfer of Land Act 1893 is to be placed on the Certificate(s) of Title of the proposed lot(s) advising of the following:

"i) No reticulated water supply can be provided to the land by a licensed water service supplier and as a consequence owners will be required to make their own arrangements to provide an adequate water supply of potable water, and

ii) No reticulated sewerage service will be available to the lot and all future dwellings will need to be connected to an on-site effluent disposal system(s)."

(Local Government)

21. Prior to commencement of subdivision works, a detailed plan identifying building envelopes and effluent disposal sites for all lots is to be prepared in consultation with the Local Government. (Local Government)

22. A Fire Management Plan being prepared, approved and thereafter implemented to the specifications of the Local Government, to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission. (Local Government)




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/ ] Western Australian

*SM/h Planning Commission

23. Arrangements being made to ensure that prospective purchasers are made aware of the provisions of the Fire Management Plan and building envelopes that may affect the use, development and management of the land. (Local Government)

24. Uniform fencing shall be constructed along the boundaries of all the proposed lots abutting Orton Road, Kargotich Road and the Multiple Use Trails to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission. (Local Government)

25. Measures being taken to ensure the identification and protection of any vegetation on the site worthy of retention not affected by the necessary subdivision works or implementation of the Fire Management Plan, prior to the commencement of site works. (Local Government).

26. A Landscape and Vegetation Management Plan being prepared, approved and thereafter implemented to the specifications of the Local Government, to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission. (Local Government)

ADVICE

1. The Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale advises:

(i) With regard to Condition 7, the Multiple Use Trails identified along the northern boundary of proposed Lot 28, and the Trail between proposed Lots 2 and 28 are to connect in to the proposed/existing Multiple Use Trail network located within the adjoining northern and eastern properties.

(ii) With regard to Condition 12, the applicant/owner is encouraged to contact the local government in relation to their Engineering Standards and Guidelines for Subdivisional Development.

(iii) A building licence will be required prior to construction of retaining walls or other structures as part of the subdivision.

(iv) With regard to Condition 16, the geotechnical report is required to demonstrate that the land can achieve the minimum clearance to the winter water table and other site requirements for an unsewered subdivision under the Country Sewerage Policy. The report shall be undertaken by a qualified consultant under late winter conditions in accordance with the procedures outlined by Australian Standard 1547 (2000) or Schedule 8 of the Health Regulations 1974, and should include the following information:

Soil profile to a depth of at least 2.0 metres, Soil permeability, Water table encountered to a depth of 2.0 metres, Site topography and any other features such as rock outcrops and water courses.

140 William Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Locked Bag 2506 Perth, 6001 Tel: (08) 6551 9000; Fax: (08) 6551 9001; Infoline: 1800 626 477



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/ ) Western Australian

® m Planning. Commission

(v) With regard to Conditions 14 - 16, the building envelopes are to achieve a minimum 1.2 metres of free draining, engineered sand fill. The filling of the envelope is required in order to achieve a suitable site classification and meet the requisite building and environmental requirements for residential development and effluent disposal within the estate (as per Appendix 4A of the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale Town Planning Scheme No. 2 relating to the subject land).

(vi) No earthworks (including batters) should intrude in to the adjoining landholdings.

(vii) With regard to Condition 22, the Fire Management Plan will need to take in to consideration any native vegetation identified in Condition 25 as worthy of retention.

(viii) With regard to Condition 26, the Landscape and Vegetation Management Plan should address all elements outlined in the Shire's Local Planning Policy No. 4 - Revegetation.

(ix) Any existing on-site effluent systems, bore and/or well shall be identified and decommissioned.

The Department of Water advises;

(i) The subject property is located within the Serpentine Surface Water Area as proclaimed under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914. Any taking or diversion of surface water in this proclaimed area for purposes other than domestic and/or stock watering is subject to licensing by the Department of Water. Please contact the Department of Water to discuss water management options.

(ii) A high proportion of groundwater in the Serpentine Groundwater Area is currently allocated, thus there may be limited resources available to new developments. For further information regarding Groundwater Licensing requirements in the area, please contact the Department of Water.

The Water Corporation advises:

(i) The Birrega Sub D Drain traverse the subject area along the western and northern boundaries. A reserve will need to be provided to protect this drain.

The Mundijong Drainage District is a rural drainage system. Rural drains are not designed to give flood protection at all times and some inundation of land can be expected. The applicant/owner should liaise with the Water Corporation at the preliminary planning stage to determine detailed planning requirements as this area could be prone to future flooding.

140 William Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Locked Bag 2506 Perth, 6001 Tel: (08) 6551 9000; Fax: (08) 6551 9001; Infoline: 1800 626 477



OCM075.1/05/15

Western Australian Planning Commission

Western Power advises:

(i) With regard to Condition 17, Western Power provides only one point of electricity supply per freehold (green title) lot and requires that any existing overhead consumer service is required to be converted to underground.

(ii) If an existing aerial electricity cable servicing the land the subject of this approval crosses over a proposed lot boundary as denoted on the approved plan of subdivision, satisfactory arrangements will need to be made for the removal and relocation of that cable.

(iii) The purpose of Condition 18 is to ensure that any existing or proposed development does not interfere with any existing and/or proposed Western Power assets. The applicant is advised to contact Western Power for further information and advice regarding easement requirements. All costs associated with the registration of easements are to be borne by the applicant.

(iv) With regard to Condition 19, the specific location and area of land required is to be to the satisfaction of the Western Australian Planning Commission on the advice of the Local Government and Western Power.

Neil Thomson Secretary Western Australian Planning Commission 2 March 2012




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Appendix 2 Certificate of Title


OCM075.1/05/15

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

REGISTER NUMBER

224/DP152816 DUPLICATE DATE DUPLICATE ISSUED

EDITION

N/A N/A

RECORD OF CERTIFICATE OF TITLE UNDER THE TRANSFER OF LAND ACT 1893

VOLUME FOLIO

1884 479

The person described in the first schedule is the registered proprietor of an estate in fee simple in the land described below subject to the reservations, conditions and depth limit contained in the original grant (if a grant issued) and to the limitations, interests, encumbrances and notifications shown in the second schedule.

REGISTRAR OF TITLES

LAND DESCRIPTION: LOT 224 ON DEPOSITED PLAN 152816

REGISTERED PROPRIETOR: (FIRST SCHEDULE)

D'ORAZIO HOLDINGS PTY LTD DA PRATO HOLDINGS PTY LTD BOTH OF 342 ARMADALE ROAD, BANJUP

AS TENANTS IN COMMON IN EQUAL SHARES (AN K307440 ) REGISTERED 16 AUGUST 2007

LIMITATIONS, INTERESTS, ENCUMBRANCES AND NOTIFICATIONS: (SECOND SCHEDULE)

1. B438723 EASEMENT TO THE STATE ENERGY COMMISSION OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA. SEE SKETCH ON VOL 1884 FOL 479. REGISTERED 24.11.1977.

2. *K251155 MORTGAGE TO BANK OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA LTD REGISTERED 16.8.2007. *K356056 TRANSFER OF MORTGAGE K251155 , MORTGAGEE NOW AUSTRALIA AND NEW

ZEALAND BANKING GROUP LTD REGISTERED 25.9.2007. 3. *K370798 MORTGAGE TO AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND BANKING GROUP LTD REGISTERED

9.10.2007.

Warning: A current search of the sketch of the land should be obtained where detail of position, dimensions or area of the lot is required. * Any entries preceded by an asterisk may not appear on the current edition of the duplicate certificate of title. Lot as described in the land description may be a lot or location.

END OF CERTIFICATE OF TITLE- — — —

STATEMENTS: The statements set out below are not intended to be nor should they be relied on as substitutes for inspection of the land

and the relevant documents or for local government, legal, surveying or other professional advice.

SKETCH OF LAND: 1884-479 (224/DPI52816). PREVIOUS TITLE: 1511 -128. PROPERTY STREET ADDRESS: 1025 ORTON RD, OAKFORD. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA: SHIRE OF SERPENTINE-JARRAHDALE.

NOTE 1: A000001A LAND PARCEL IDENTIFIER OF PEEL ESTATE LOT 224 (OR THE PART THEREOF) ON SUPERSEDED PAPER CERTIFICATE OF TITLE CHANGED TO LOT 224 ON DEPOSITED

END OF PAGE 1 - CONTINUED OVER

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OCM075.1/05/15

RECORD OF CERTIFICATE OF TITLE

REGISTER NUMBER: 2247DP152816 VOLUME/FOLIO: 1884-479 PAGE 2

PLAN 152816 ON 1 l-SEP-02 TO ENABLE ISSUE OF A DIGITAL CERTIFICATE OF TITLE. NOTE 2: THE ABOVE NOTE MAY NOT BE SHOWN ON THE SUPERSEDED PAPER CERTIFICATE

OF TITLE OR ON THE CURRENT EDITION OF DUPLICATE CERTIFICATE OF TITLE. NOTE 3: DUPLICATE CERTIFICATE OF TITLE NOT ISSUED AS REQUESTED BY DEALING

K251155 NOTE 4: L206445 DEPOSITED PLAN (INTEREST ONLY) 62895 LODGED

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OCM075.1/05/15

ORIGINAL—NOT TO BE REMOVED FROM OFFICE OF CT 1884 0479 F

Application E437413 WESTERN I Volume 1511 Folio 128

AUSTRALIA V U L .

1384 l-UL.

479

CERTIFICATE OF TITLE UNDER THE "TRANSFER OF LAND ACT, 1893" AS AMENDED

I certify that the person described In the First Schedule hereto Is the registered proprietor of the undermentioned estate in the undermentioned land subject to the easements and encumbrances shown In the Second Schedule hereto.

Dated 31st August, 1990

ESTATE AND LAND REFERRED TO

Estate 1n fee simple In Peel Estate Lot 224, delineated on the map in the Third Schedule hereto, limited however to the natural surface and therefrom to a depth of 60.96 metres.

FIRST SCHEDULE (continued overleaf)

Audrey Nancy Atwell of Byfordt-^^si:

SECOND SCHEDULE (continued overleaf) 220

BT TO SCALE

|6CM 1

L 224 J a 3t l

1253

i'A'l ,60071 QS-24 DRAIN A

1. TRANSFER B438723. The right to enter 1n and upon the portion of the within land marked 'A' on the map 1n the margin for the purpose of erecting and maintaining towers, poles, wires and other necessary apparatus, together also with certain other rights, conditions and restrictions as to buildings as set out 1n the said Transfer is granted to The State Energy Commission of Western Australia. Registered 24.11.77 at 11.16 o'c.

THIRD SCHEDULE

SCALE 1:12500 226

NOTE: ENTRIES MAY BE AFFECTED BY SUBSEQUENT ENDORSEMENTS. te»»/J/8»-20)H./4«4

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Appendix 3 Assessment of the Suitability of Horses Report


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ASSESSMENT SUITABILITY FOR HORSES

CAVALLO ESTATE LOT 224 ORTON ROAD, OAKFORD

SHIRE OF SERPENTINE - JARRAHDALE

April 2014

TRIM - IN14/15537

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L a n c J f o r m R e s e a t ' larx i System.'. - Quanta - r,nvltonma$f s]

Lindsay Stephens BSc (Geology), MSc (Plant Ecology) 25 Heather Road Roleystone WA 6111

Mem Aus Geomechanics Soc - MEIANZ - FIQA Tel 9397 5145, [email protected]


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Suitability for Horses Cavallo Estate, Orton Road, Oakford

SUMMARY OF CAPABILITY FOR THE KEEPING OF HORSES

Summary

Cavallo Estate on Lot 224 Orton Road, Oakford, has already been comnstructed, with the lots marked, roads and drainage formed and revetatation planted.

The estate has 28 rural residential lots ranging in size from 1.1 hectares to 2.4 hectares in a total area of 39.9 hectares. The average lot size is therefore 1.425 hectares.

All lots will be required to have alternative or nutrient adsorbing waste water systems.

The subject land, like all the surrounding area, lies in part of the Peel Harvey Catchment, covered by Environmental Protection Policy (Peel Inlet - Harvey Estuary). It also falls under State Planning Policy 2.1, The Peel Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment.

The purpose of the study was to assess the Estate for the potential for horses to be permitted.

The issues related to horses are normally;

• Dust generation.

• Nutrient export risk.

• Flies.

The site consists of a flat area of sand over clay pasture that was, and is, parkland pasture of Casuarina obesa.

The land adjoins cattle grazing land to the west ,and rural residential lots where horses are permitted to the east, north and south, which have the same soils and water management issues.

The land is flat and drains west and south. Main drains run along Kargotich and Orton Roads from where they drain to the Birrega Main Drain which ultimately ends up in the Serpentine River and Peel Estuary.

The design and construction of the subdivision road network, has disrupted the natural drainage and defined it along swale drains within the road reserves. See 4F.

Swale drains are slow flowing, providing some retention on site. They feed to a detention basin with a raised outlet in the south western corner where water is detained on site.

The worst risk from nutrient export is from the first autumn flush from rainfall. As the detention basin is empty following summer that water will be retained and detained in the basin enabling phosphate retention and adsorption to occur on soils of the basin. See Figure 4G.

In turn, the planting of additional deep rooted species, particularly trees, will reduce surface water through increased evapotranspiration. This has already been undertaken and will be added to if/as growth rates and mortalities occur until lots are sold.

Nutrient Loading As a Result of Horses

From an examination of the aerial photography of the adjoining and nearby "horse permitted" subdivisions, 46% of the lots have horses based on the presence of yards or paddocks. At any one time those lots may not all have horses.

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From site examination, it is, probable that there will be an average of one horse for every two lots.

Irrigation on lots to produce green pasture all year round assists by increasing pasture growth and the uptake of nutrients. Consumption of on site pasture all year round helps reduce the amount of food introduced and the management of dust.

The soils have sufficient phosphorus and nitrogen management capability with the constructed drainage system to enable effective nutrient managemen

Van Gool D, K Angell and L Stephens, 2000, Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp was specifically designed to consider the potential for the keeping of stock on the Swan Coastal Plain. The document has methodology to determine the soils, the potential loadings and guidelines on how a landholder can develop a stock management plan to minimise nutrient export.

The other local subdivisions which permit horses require a management plan, for the keeping of horses, to be prepared in accordance with Van Gool et al 2000.

The key to good horse management is;

• Not keeping the manure in one place where it can permit the breeding of flies or lead to nutrient export.

• Irrigating pasture to manage dust.

• Planting perimeter and buffer trees to reduce local wind speed and the risk of dust lift off.

• The spreading of manure broadly across the land.

• Providing effective local drainage and detention of the surface water in basins and spoon drains.

The subdivision has been designed and constructed to manage these parameters apart from the actual keeping of stock. The keeping of stock is very dependant on the land owner.

The best way of having the landowner take responsibility for the management of horses is to require them to develop a management plan for approval of the local authority.

The management plan developed in Van Gool et al 2000 is a simple document contained in pages 8 - 13 of that document. That approach has been used for the adjoining subdivisions and would be appropriate for Cavallo Estate.

Conclusions and Recommendations

There is no reason for horses not to be permitted on site.

The calculated nutrient loadings are less than the pre-subdivision cattle grazing and not dissimilar to the adjoining equestrian estates.

The development of a management plan by a landholder wishing to have horses, is recommended prior to the stocking. This encourages the landholders to consider the issues and the methods that can be used to manage the keeping of horses.

A condition to that effect will match other such estates and is in line with Government Policy.

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CONTENTS

SUMMARY OF LAND CAPABILITY - GEOTECHNIQUES

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION 2

2.1 Geology and Geomorphology 2

2.2 Regolith and Soils 2

3.0 HYDROGEOLOGY AND WQATER MANAGEMENT 4

3.1 Soil Moisture 4 3.2 Surface Water 4 3.3 Flood Risk and Drainage 5 3.4 Wetlands 5 3.5 Salinity 5 3.6 Groundwater 5

4.0 NUTRIENT ASSESSMENT 6

4.1 Background 6 4.2 Nutrient Loadings and Stocking Rates 6

4.3 Fate of Nutrients 10

5.0 HORSE MANAGEMENT 13

REFERENCES - READING 16

FIGURES

Figure 1 Cavallo Estate Figure 2 Aerial Photograph Figure 3 Department of Agriculture and Food Soil Mapping Figure 4 Site Photographs Figure 5 Typical Equestrian Estate

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Site Assessment - Methodology

Cavallo Estate on Lot 224, Orton Road, Oakford, has already been constructed, with the lots marked, roads and drainage formed and revegetation planted.

The estate has 28 rural residential lots ranging in size from 1.1 hectares to 2.4 hectares in a total area of 39.9 hectares. Figures 1 and 2.

The average lot size is therefore 1.425 hectares

The site was assessed on 6 April 2014 by Lindsay Stephens of Landform Research. At the time of inspection the site was dry, being early autumn, although the soil properties and pasture species and an examination of the drainage system provided good indications of the soil structure and hydrogeology.

The broader scale Geotechnical Assessment was conducted to identify issues listed under State Planning Policy 3.4, Natural Hazards. The work was conducted to various standards that are listed throughout the report, but particularly to AS 1726 Geotechnical Site Investigations, in addition to Guidelines produced by the Australian Geomechanics Society.

The investigations consisted of traverses across the site, examination of the soil types, the vegetation, the drainage system including the detention basin and outlets, in addition to nearby land that has not yet been subdivided and land that has been subdivided to rural residential lots where horses are permitted.

The vegetation and soils provide good indicators of the potential for the site to be wet in winter, the nutrient retention properties and facilities, any presence of wetlands and indicators of salinity.

Purpose of the study

The purpose of the study was to assess the Estate for the potential for horses to be permitted.




• Flies.

The site lies within the Peel Harvey Catchment in which phosphate export has been a significant issue over past decades.

To assess the potential for horses the following was reviewed.

• How will the nutrient input for horse agistment compare to the pre- subdivided land and to the approved equestrian estates that adjoin?

• What are the soils on site and what is their capability for retaining or treating nutrients?

• How has the drainage system been constructed and designed to cope with surface water runoff and how will the system treat nutrients?

• Will the permitted use of horses cause potential significant impacts?

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• How can the permitted agistment of horses best be managed?

• Are any recommendations required to ensure good management of horses?

2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION

The site consists of a flat area of sand over clay pasture that was, and is, parkland pasture of Casuarina obesa. Figures 2 and 4.

The land adjoins cattle grazing land to the west and rural residential lots where horses are permitted to the east, north and south. Figure 4A.

A power line runs north south through the central east of the site.

The subject land, like all the surrounding area, lies in part of the Peel Harvey Catchment, covered by Environmental Protection Policy (Peel Inlet - Harvey Estuary). It also falls under State Planning Policy 2.1, The Peel Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment.

There is one house on site. The roads and drainage system are constructed as are some of the fences.

The estate has 28 rural residential lots ranging in size from 1.1 hectares to 2.4 hectares in a total area of 39.9 hectares.

The average lot size is therefore 1.425 hectares.

All lots will be required to have alternative or nutrient adsorbing waste water systems.

2.1 Geology and Geomorphology

The subject land lies on a portion of the Pinjarra Plain, which is an alluvial plain formed by the meandering of rivers and streams draining from the Darling Scarp.

It is flat but drains gently west and south.

In this area the main watercourse is the Birrega Main Drain which lies 1 km to the west with connecting drains along Katgotich and Orton Roads.

The underlying geology are sediments of the Perth Basin at depth, overlain by alluvial sediments deposited by the older watercourses. The sediments are predominantly interbedded loams and clays with sandy lenses that vary both vertically and horizontally. These sediments are ascribed to the Guildford (Pinjarra Plain) and Bassendean Land Systems.

Superimposed across the alluvial plain are thin sheets of sand that have added to the topsoils and formed low sand ridge. The only portion of ridge is the small ridge in the south on which the existing dwelling lies.

Drill data from the Armadale Environmental Geology 1 : 50 000 Geological Map, Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1981 shows the site as being underlain by sandy clay over deeper sediments of the Perth Basin at a depth of > 5 metres.

2.2 Regolith and Soils

The soils consist of alluvial loams and clays as basal soil units with a thin overlying layer of sand some 100 mm to 500 mm thick.

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The sandy clays are exposed on the surface in the areas of lower elevation, in depressions, drains, excavated areas and some cultivated land.

The alluvial soils are nominated as the Pinjarra System. Figure 3

Generally the soils are regarded as duplex type soils with a sheet of sand over a loam clay base. The variation being the thickness of the overlying sand sheet.

Apart from the small area of sand ridge in the south all areas have some evidence of iron oxide induration to form brown sand or a broken ferricrete layer on top of the sand - sandy clay interface. The ferricrete has very high phosphate retention in excess of 20 PRI and the brown sand has phosphate retention of 5 - 10 PRI based on Lantzke 1997 and the database of Landform Research.

For example even at a PRI of 5 each cubic metre of soil is capable of adsorbing 12 kg phosphorus. This means that 1 m 3 of natural calcareous sand soil at a PRI of 5 is capable of retaining all the phosphorus released by a conventional septic waste water system for 2 years. With the depth to the water table of 8 - 28 metres, and the lateral travel distances to production bores, there is no chance of phosphorus being a polluting agent. At PRI 7 the uptake is greater.

The brown sand and ferricrete are shown in the attached site photographs. Figure 4.

Loam soils are developed on the alluvial clays and loams, such as Soil Type P2a (Department of Agriculture and Food mapping 1983, Land Resources in the Northern Section of the Peel -Harvey Catchment, Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia). It should be noted that the Department of Agriculture and Food mapping was broad scale and based on aerial photography with road observations and limited soil test holes.

The land to the west, which remains rural and is used for grazing, the subject land and the subdivided land all have similar soils based on Department of Agriculture and Food mapping, that is Soil Units P2a. See the attached map, Figure 3.

The soils are typified by sand over sandy clay duplex with Casuarina obesa parkland pasture. The Casuarina obesa is typical of the soil types that prior to drainage had some potential for waterlogging in parts where the surface sands filled with water and become saturated, caused by slow infiltration vertically down through the sandy clay which is exceeded in the heaviest rainfall months.

There is also a tendency to brackish surface water.

Wet areas are typified by Melaleuca preissiana of which a few are scattered on the subject land and at the winter wet area in the central east.

The attached photographs show the same vegetation on all land to the west, east and site and indicates that the same soils and conditions existed on each prior to subdivision and drainage.

Naturally the installed drainage will reduce the surface water in winter as will the planting of deep rooted trees.

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Soil Descriptions

KEY DESCRIPTION DEP. AGRIC/FOOD SOIL UNITS (Note that the units allocated to the soils do not match the DAF mapping)

RS Ridge Sand Elevated well drained minor sand ridge in the central south rising to some 2000 mm above the surrounding land

B1

S/C Sand over Clay Lower sand plain that has between 100 and 500 mm brown sand and earthy sand over loam clay. Can have an organo ferricrete layer at the loam clay interface. Likely to be subject to winter wet soils in parts prior to site drainage being constructed

P2a

3.0 HYDROGEOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT

3.1 Soil Moisture

Soils are generally moist throughout autumn through spring.

In summer the soils become dry in the sandy upper horizons, unless irrigated where the soils will remain moist all year round.

Prior to subdivision and drainage some of the soils were to winter wet conditions. These areas will have reduced as a result of the constructed drainage.

3.2 Surface Water

Over the subject land there are no defined rivers or creeks on site.

The land is flat and drains west and south. Main drains run along Kargotich and Orton Roads from where they drain to the Birrega Main Drain which ultimately ends up in the Serpentine River and Peel Estuary.

The design and construction of the subdivision road network has disrupted the natural drainage and defined it along swale drains within the road reserves. Figure 2

Swale drains are slow flowing, providing some retention on site. They feed to a detention basin with a raised outlet in the south western corner where water is detained on site.

The worst risk from nutrient export is from the first autumn flush from rainfall. As the detention basin is empty following summer that water will be retained and detained in the basin enabling phosphate retention and adsorption to occur on soils of the basin. See Figures 4F and 4G.

In turn the planting of additional deep rooted species, particularly trees, will reduce surface water through increased evapotranspiration. This has already been undertaken and will be added to if/as growth rates and mortalities occur until lots are sold. Figure 4D

There are no other watercourses apart from the drains, with drainage being swale drainage through pasture with no defined bed.

Setbacks, building envelopes and buffers are determined by the approved plans.

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3.3 Flood Risk and Drainage

The only watercourses are the small constructed drains. In times of heavy storm events in winter these may flow more but will not constitute a flood risk because the water will be contained within the drains or adjoining few metres of land.

The low lying areas that are subject to winter waterlogging occur where precipitation exceeds the current drainage or infiltration capacity of the soils in winter.

The addition of increased drainage from subdivision will reduce the waterlogging potential of the soils.

3.4 Wetlands

There is one small wetland on site in the central east that has been protected by the subdivision design and construction.

3.5 Salinity

Whilst the soils are flat and not significantly higher than the surrounding land, there is no evidence of obvious salinity. There are no salt scalds and no obvious signs of salt dependant pasture species. There are minor indicators of salt tolerant species in the wetter areas.

The presence of Casuarina obesa across the land however does suggest some brackish or slightly elevated salt.

In winter these areas are flushed by precipitation and the water flows to the local road drainage system.

As explained previously the site is no different to the adjoining developed areas.

3.6 Groundwater

No late winter testing was undertaken.

The soils and land capability are similar to those on the already subdivided lots on which dwellings have been constructed.

The depths to the highest known water tables, prior to any subdivision or drainage, can be different as shown by the well drained nature of the adjoining subdivisions that have been constructed on similar soils but improved by drainage and fill.

There is a sump/dam excavated in low lying land to the south of Cavallo Estate, south of Orton Road where the water table in April 2014 was estimated to be 1.0 - 1.5 metres below natural ground elevation. On site the water table is anticipated to be at a slightly greater depth, perhaps 1.5 - 2.0 metres.

The use of bore water and the additional planted trees on site will assist in keeping the water table down and compensating for additional recharge that will have resulted from the increased areas of hard surfaces created as a result of subdivision.

Infiltration Basin

The infiltration/detention basin in the south western corner has been planted with shrubs, trees and reed. Figure 4D.

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It has an elevated piped outlet to prevent overflow, and provide attenuated flow to the headwaters of the catchments to prevent scouring.

The basin has shallow slopes and banks to increase safety and provide habitat and reed establishment

As noted above the worst risk from nutrient export is from the first autumn flush from rainfall. As the detention basin is empty following summer that water will be retained and detained in the basin enabling phosphate retention and adsorption to occur on soils of the basin. See Figure 4G

4.0 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

A change in land use may alter the Nutrient Input and Management patterns and loadings. Changed agricultural regimes and more intense development may lead to increased nutrient loading. The pattern of this loading and the ability of the soils to accept the loading depend on many factors, such as the type of land use, lot size, type of waste water system, type of crop, nutrient application rates, soils, depth to groundwater, flow paths of surface and groundwater, permeability of the soils and underlying geology.

In this case the change is the potential to agist horses.

The various Government policies and regulations are designed to ensure minimisation of the risk of nutrient export, so in many cases compliance with these guiding documents is all that is required. The guidelines take into consideration the soil characteristics as well as setbacks from wetlands and water bodies.

4.1 Background

This site drains to the south and west and is part of the Peel Harvey Catchment, covered by Environmental Protection Policy (Peel Inlet - Harvey Estuary) and SPP 2.1 The Peel Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment Policy.

Surface water from the site drains to ultimately end up in the Peel Harvey Estuary from the Birrega Main Drain emptying to the Serpentine River which drains to the Peel Estuary.

Phosphorus is the main nutrient implicated in algal blooms in waterways, particularly in the Peel Harvey Catchment and Estuaries.

Nitrates are normally taken up by vegetation, denitrified by bacteria under anoxic soil conditions or lost through volatilisation of ammonia but can also lead to nutrient issues in salt or estuarine waters

The nutrient management issues related to waste water disposal and gardens are fixed and are not dependant on lot size apart from the overloading. They are considered in so far as contributing to the overall nutrient loading.

4.2 Nutrient Loadings and Stocking Rates

Nutrient Management encompasses the management from waste water disposal and land uses. Nutrient management may need to change in order to sustain a new land use. There may also be opportunities to improve the management of nutrients from current land uses.

The management of nutrients is normally linked to other environmental and management issues such as revegetation and the treatment of stormwater.

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In this case the loadings relate to the introduction of horses.

The actual nutrient loading depends on the amount of fertiliser brought to site and added to pasture and the amount of food brought to site for the horses.

If stock predominantly eat unfertilised pasture then the nutrient loading is very small. What changes is where the dung is placed and how easy it is to be washed to local waterways.

On the other hand stock raised exclusively on introduced feed will form a much higher level of nutrient input and a greater risk of leading to nutrient export. What type of feed also determines the levels of added nutrients.

Dung spread broadly across paddocks will also have less chance of leading to nutrient export when compared to stabled stock where the nutrients are concentrated and the loading may at times exceed the local capability of the nutrients.

The nutrient in dung spread broadly will help offset the need for additional fertiliser on pasture.

Having said that the export of nutrients from broad based stock grazing such as cattle in the Peel Harvey Estuary is well known.

In addition nutrient enriched water that is retained on site for a period of time, or spread broadly across land, will have greater time for nutrient loss and adsorption.

The size of the animal is also important to nutrient loading, with small horses eating much less than large horses.

If nutrient is removed from site such as the sale or removal of manure then the nutrient loading will be reduced significantly.

The whole combinations of variations in nutrient loadings explains why every publication will produce a different loading figure.

The estimate of nutrient loading is therefore a matter of comparing the potential loadings and having effective management in place to reduce or minimise the risk of nutrient export.

• Pre - Subdivision Loading

The pre-subdivision loading can be gained from the land to the west which remains a cattle grazing property.

Pre-subdivision potential nutrient export comes from the washing of fertiliser, soil particles and manure along drainage lines. The worst time for nutrient export in agricultural areas is during summer storms, during the first autumn flush, but this is less applicable on this site because of the sand over sandy loam-clay soils.

Stocking rates on soils such as the soils of the site are estimated to be 1 adult cow per hectare. (1 breeding cow equates to 8 - 16 sheep depending on whether N or P are compared).

This equates to 10 DSE (dry sheep equivalents) for dry pasture and where limited supplemental feed is supplied. This equates to a loading of 60 - 80 kg/N/ha/year and 1 8 - 2 7 kg/P/ha/year (Van Gool et al 2002) using averages and the cattle on site being large.

The amount of nutrients used on broad acre crops is not dissimilar to other land uses, but will vary depending on the existing nutrient status of the soils and the type of crop grown; for example if a legume or green manure crop had been used in rotation and if stubble is retained.

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• Proposed Loading with and without Horses

There is an average lot size of 1.425 hectares or slightly less with the road area which would decrease the average area to perhaps 1.2 ha per lot on average. For the sake of these calculations an average of 1.2 hectares is used without including the roads. For an average of 1.425 hectares the nutrient loadings per hectare will be less.

Data on nutrient inputs is taken from Van Gool D, K Angell and L Stephens, 2000, Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp, Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 02/2000, Legislative Assembly, 1994, Select Committee on Metropolitan Development and Groundwater Supplies, Western Australia, Dames and Moore, undated, Draft nitrate management in Jandakot UWPCA, Water Authority of Western Australia.

The document by Van Gool et al 2000 was specifically designed to consider the potential for the keeping of stock on the Swan Coastal Plain. The document has methodology to determine the soils, the potential loadings and guidelines on how a landholder can develop a stock management plan to minimise nutrient export.

From the above references a typical lot with a conventional septic system, small garden and lawn, dog and cat plus some chickens has a nutrient loading of 31 kg/N/year and 9.6 kg/P/year. This will be added to the soil on the building envelope. A conventional septic system alone releases 18 kg N and 5.5 kg P per year as a point source, not a lot different to a horse except the nutrients from a horse are normally spread more broadly. Conventional septic systems are not recommended because the site lies within the Peel Harvey Catchment.

For a nutrient adsorbing waste water system (ATU), a significant proportion of the phosphorus and nitrogen is removed within the waste water disposal area and is not directly added to the soil, reducing the overall soil input to 19 kg/N/year and 4.6 kg/P/year per lot for the with the same loading of a garden, lawn, dog, cat and some chicken. This demonstrates the reduced phosphorus from these systems when compared to conventional septic systems.

All lots in the subdivisions are required to use ATU's or nutrient adsorbing waste water systems. Alternative waste water systems are to be installed to Department of Health, 2001, Code of Practice for the Design, Manufacture, Installation and Operation of Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs); Serving Single Dwellings. The same situation occurs on all adjoining subdivisions.

A horse has a typical loading of 11 kgP/year and 60 kg/N/year. Horses and other stock will require management of wastes. Best management of manure is outlined in Van Gool D, K Angell and L Stephens, 2000, Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp, Department of Agriculture.

If one horse is present on a lot then the nutrient loading from the horse is added to that lot.

From an examination of the aerial photography of the adjoining and nearby "horse permitted" subdivisions, 46% of the lots have horses based on the presence of yards or paddocks. At any one time those lots may not all have horses. Generally horses are owned when children ride and live at home, but after they grow up and leave horses are often not retained.

In addition some dwellings will have more than one horse.

On this basis horses kept on lots, for the purposes of calculations, is probably one horse for every two lots.

The use of irrigation on lots to produce green pasture all year round assists by increasing pasture growth and the uptake of nutrients. Consumption of on site pasture all year round which helps reduce the amount of food introduced and the management of dust.

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It should be noted that Van Gool et al 2000, lists the soils on site as being in SR5 (page 5 of Van Gool et al 2000). These soils are rated as potentially having 6 DSE/ha for non irrigated pasture and 20 DSE/ha for irrigated pasture.

That relates to a horse stocking rate of approximately one horse every 1.4 lots with no irrigation and 2.4 horses per lot if irrigated.

That loading is much higher than the likely loading for Cavallo Estate.

Typical nutrient loadings of some land uses

Possible lot size and activity

Nitrogen loading per hectare

Phosphorus loading per hectare

Likely nutrient scenario

PRE SUBDIVISION NUTRIENT LOADING Estimated average current stocking at 10 DSE per hectare, or large cattle at 1 per hectare.

70.0 kg/N/ha/year

22.5 kg/P/ha/year

Nutrient export could occur when the soils are saturated in winter so that additional rainfall on the lower wetter areas runs off. It could also occur with the autumn flush of water. Probable nutrient export from winter wet soils.

AFTER SUBDIVISION WITH AVERAGE OF ONE HORSE PER LOT Likely nutrient input after subdivision to 1.2 hectare lots. Nutrient adsorbing or alternative waste water system. Small garden, small fertilised lawn, dog, cat, 6 fowl or additional garden. 1 horse per lot average.

65.8 kg/N/ha/year

13 kg/P/ha/year

Lower nutrient loading for phosphorus. Similar nutrient loading for nitrogen. Likely to be reduced phosphorus nutrient export.

AFTER SUBDIVISION WITH AVERAGE OF ONE HORSE PER TWO LOTS Likely nutrient input after subdivision to 1.2 hectare lots. Nutrient adsorbing or alternative waste water system. Small garden, small fertilised lawn, dog, cat, 6 fowl or additional garden. 1 horse per two lots average.

40.8 kg/N/ha/year

8.4 kg/P/ha/year

Lower nutrient loading for phosphorus. Likely to be reduced phosphorus nutrient export.

This is likely to be closest to the average loading based on a quick review of horse ownership.

• A variety of average lot sizes and stocking rates are used to provide an indication of nutrient inputs prior to and following subdivision. Horses are used as a likely example.

• The calculations above are made on the basis of the total area averaged across cleared land and remnant vegetation.

• A variety of average lot sizes and stocking rates are used to provide an indication of nutrient inputs prior to and following subdivision. Horses are used as a likely example.

• One horse is equivalent to six sheep in terms of nutrient output. • These calculations are based on an average of 1.2 hectares without including roads. For an average

of 1.425 hectares including roads the nutrient loadings per hectare will be less.

Therefore the keeping of Horses on Cavallo Estate will result in a lower nutrient loading than the pre-subdivision cattle grazing. There is also potential for better nutrient management through constructed drainage systems which are already in place and effective nutrient (manure) management.

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4.3 Fate of Nutrients

Nutrient Management encompasses the management from waste water disposal and land uses.

The ability of soils to adsorb phosphorus, reduce nitrogen and inactivate microorganisms is important.

The main issue with effluent disposal from dwellings, is nitrogenous and phosphate compounds together with organic matter or BOD. This could be released by animals, contained in waste water or introduced in biological matter.

• Phosphorus

Phosphorus is the main nutrient implicated in algal blooms in waterways and therefore it is important to limit its loss from the site. Phosphorus is capable of being stored in the basal muddy sediments of water bodies. From there the phosphates are released over time and provide nutrient to fuel algal blooms. In this case phosphorus addition to the soils is the issue.

Phosphorus is readily adsorbed onto clay and sesquioxides of the subsoils, gravels and yellow sands. Calcareous soils and calcretes retain phosphorus as apatite. The soils on site, with their loam nature and increased clay content in the subsoils, have inherently high phosphate retention capability.

Phosphorus adsorbing amended soils would be used for the waste water disposal area of alternative waste water systems on the lower elevations where the sands have low phosphate retention. These systems are nutrient adsorbing, and are designed to adsorb all or almost all the phosphorus released in waste water.

Phosphate Retention (PRI) can be a useful indicator, but the nature of the analysis can understate or overstate the field behaviour. Some soils theoretically can have good phosphate retention characteristics, but the behaviour of the waste water in the field may negate these characteristics. For example particles larger than 2 mm are sieved out prior to analysis and a gravelly sand may therefore have a lower PRI than the field reality. On the other hand clay may have a very high PRI but may not be sufficiently permeable for the waste water to penetrate.

Phosphorus is the main nutrient responsible for agal blooms in the Peel Harvey Estuary. In more recent times increased awareness and reduced phosphorus inputs, and construction of the Dawesville Cut, has significantly reduced the agal blooms in the estuary.

The soils are suitable for nutrient adsorbing waste water systems and unsuitable for conventional septic systems, because lot sizes of > 0.2 hectares are used.

The soils comply with the Government Draft Country Sewerage Policy, 2002.

The sandy upper soil horizons can result in more rapid infiltration to the sandy clay base. From there is slow infiltration through the sandy clays to depth.

Prior to drainage the sandy layer became saturated in places and then any additional rainfall led to fast flows of dung and nutrients to the local drainage system.

With constructed drains in place as a result of subdivision the soils are less wet and the water is able to soak in and maintain longer contact with the soils. The brown sands and the ferricrete provide good phosphate retention when the travel distances are considered.

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Nutrients will infiltrate vertically through surface sands. From there the nutrients can potentially move laterally through the soil within the sand sheet and on top of the underlying loam subsoils.

Gerritse R, 1993, The influence oflanduse and soil type on nutrient losses, IN Swan River - The Future, Swan River Trust Report No 8 and Poinke H B, M L Sharma and J K Hosking, Effect of Irrigated Horticultural Cropping on Groundwater Quality: Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, CSIRO Water Research Series No 2 demonstrate that even sand with low levels of colouration, whether it be brown or yellow ,can provide good phosphate retention.

Ferricrete layers that may occur at the sand/underlying yellow silt clay interface typically have very high capability for phosphorus retention as shown by Lantzke 1997, Phosphorus and nitrate loss from horticulture on the Swan Coastal Plain, Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 16/97. Some of these layers are occasionally present, for example in the dam on the north of the site.

Apart from the small area of sand ridge in the south all areas have some evidence of iron oxide induration to form brown sand or a broken ferricrete layer on top of the sand - sandy clay interface. The ferricrete has very high phosphate retention in excess of 20 PRI and the brown sand has phosphate retention of 5 - 10 PRI based on Lantzke 1997 and the database of Landform Research.

For example even at a PRI of 5 each cubic metre of soil is capable of adsorbing 12 kg phosphorus. This means that 1 m 3 of natural calcareous sand soil at a PRI of 5 is capable of retaining all the phosphorus released by a conventional septic waste water system for 2 years. With the depth to the water table of 8 - 28 metres, and the lateral travel distances to production bores, there is no chance of phosphorus being a polluting agent. At PRI 7 the uptake is greater.

The brown sand and ferricrete are shown in the attached site photographs.

Therefore the risk of phosphate export is less than pre-subdivision and not dissimilar to the adjoining subdivisions.

• Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a prominent part of living matter and is constantly recycled through the organic matter and the atmosphere.

Nitrogen is also held within the soil organic matter and some ions are attached to clay particles. When organic matter breaks down or fertiliser is applied and not taken up by plants, nitrogen is converted to ammonia or rapidly converts to nitrite and then nitrate under the influence of oxygen.

The nitrogenous products are taken up by vegetation, denitrified by bacteria under wet and anoxic soil conditions or lost through volatilisation of ammonia or the conversion of ammonia to soluble nitrogenous ions.

Nitrifying bacteria are widely present in soil and obtain their carbon from C02 and energy from the oxidation of NH4 or N02 to N03. Denitrifying bacteria on the other hand reduce N02 and N03 to gaseous N20 and N2 which is lost to the atmosphere.

Soil microbes rapidly colonise the interface where waste water contacts the soil, with small amounts of organic matter at the interface providing the energy to sustain the microflora. Nitrates are normally removed by soil micro flora under anoxic conditions in the soils including leached white sands. The microflora remove the oxygen to leave nitrogen gas which is lost to the atmosphere. Inorganic nitrogen can also attach to clay particles.

Landform Research 11


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Nitrogen is not generally responsible for algal blooms in freshwater environments, but high levels of nitrogen can affect the health of saline water bodies.

Nitrogen loss relates to retention times within the soil and microbial activity.

The removal of nitrogen is related to the oxygen conditions of the soils in addition to the microbial material present. The ammonium compounds from stock are normally high in ammonia and nitrite and lower in nitrate. With exposure to oxygen the ammonia and nitrite are converted to nitrate under the influence of nitrifying bacteria. The nitrate is then stripped of oxygen by microflora, in reducing conditions and particles in the soil, in the presence of organic matter. This converts the nitrate to nitrogen gas which is lost to the atmosphere. This occurs in all soil types and is independent of the soil type, and depends on soil oxygen levels and to a lesser extent the nature of the soil particles.

Many studies, for example Dawes and Goonetilleke, 2001, have found that nitrogen is readily stripped from waste water released from a septic system to drainage trenches. For example on a sloping sandy loam site in Brisbane the water entering the trenches had a concentration of 171 -190 mg/L N but within 1 metre of the last trench the nitrogen concentration had dropped to 1.7 to 3.7 mg/L.

Gerritse et al, 1995, recorded a total of 140 mg/L nitrogen (NH4 -100 mg/L and N02 - 40 mg/L), exiting a leach drain. After a travel distance through shallow soils of 1 metre this had dropped to between 20 and 100 mg/L, and by 3 metres the total nitrogen had dropped to 0.03 to 0.2 mg/L. When loaded with nitrogenous compounds the microflora of soils quickly adjusts to the loading, by increases in the number and type of bacteria. For example, under anaerobic conditions with nitrogen loading, the denitrifying bacteria increase significantly. This can be expected to occur in soil aggregates within the top 2.5 metres of soil, which is regarded as the active bed and root zone for the waste water disposal areas.

Lantzke 1997, found high levels of denitrification in moist leached sands on the Swan Coastal Plain indicating that even leached sands can provide good denitrification.

The critical factor is retaining water in the soil or on site for as long as possible. With the proposed lots and loam soils, waste water and nitrogen is likely to be retained on site.

Nitrogen loading is therefore not regarded as a significant issue from stocking.

• Microbial Purification

Microbial material from stock or waste water systems can present a health hazard unless the material is deactivated by normal soil microbial organisms. Microbes could consist of thermotolerant bacteria, viruses and other organisms. For deactivation to occur sufficient dilution and retention time in the soils or other media are required.

Microbial purification is an important part of effluent disposal to ensure that all fine organic matter and micro-organisms are broken down.

Soil microbes require a minimum of 5 metres of sandy soil or less (down to 1 metre) for soils of lower permeability such as loams. (Wells and King, 1989). ). The longer a soil retains waste water the better the microbial purification. Organic matter builds up in the soil and supports microbial activity which deactivates and destroys thermotolerant and other organisms.

Soil microbes require a minimum of 5 metres of sandy soil or less (down to 1 metre) for soils of lower permeability such as loams. (Wells and King 1989). The longer a soil retains waste water the better the microbial purification. Therefore it is important that the leach drains or nutrient adsorbing waste water systems are correctly constructed.



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Thermotolerant bacteria are not normally a problem associated with stock and normal management practices and the cool soil conditions deal with the thermotolerant organisms.

5.0 HORSE MANAGEMENT




• Flies.

The use of irrigation on lots to produce green pasture all year round assists by increasing pasture growth and the uptake of nutrients. Consumption of on site pasture all year round helps reduce the amount of food introduced and the management of dust.

It should be noted that Van Gool et al 2000, lists the soils on site as being in SR5 (page 5 of Van Gool et al 2000). These soils are rated as potentially having 6 DSE/ha for non irrigated pasture and 20 DSE/ha for irrigated pasture.

That relates to a horse stocking rate of approximately one horse every 1.4 lots with no irrigation and 2.4 horses per lot if irrigated.

The calculated loading is likely to be one horse per two lots on average or 1 horse per 2.4 hectares.

Van Gool D, K Angell and L Stephens, 2000, Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp was specifically designed to consider the potential for the keeping of stock on the Swan Coastal Plain. The document has methodology to determine the soils, the potential loadings and guidelines on how a landholder can develop a stock management plan to minimise nutrient export.

The other local subdivisions which permit horses require a management plan for the keeping of horses to be prepared in accordance with Van Gool et al 2000.

Publications that are useful are;

• Van Gool D, K Angell and L Stephens, 2000, Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp, Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 02/2000

• Department of Agriculture and Food, undated, Property Care.

• Shire of Serpentine - Jarrahdale, 1994, Small Block Manual.

• Foyle J, 1994, Hoofprints, A Manual for Horse Property Management, Sustainable Resources Group, Primary Industries, South Australia.

• Bradley A L, 2008, Manure Management for Small and Hobby Farms, North East Recycling Council Inc, USA. (Available on the internet).

Other references are found in Van Gool et al 2000, pages 74 - 80.



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The key to good horse management is;

• Not keeping the manure in one place where it can permit the breeding of flies or lead to nutrient export.

• Irrigating pasture to manage dust.

• Planting perimeter and buffer trees to reduce local wind speed and the risk of dust lift off.

• The spreading of manure broadly across the land.

• Providing effective local drainage and detention of the surface water in basins and spoon drains.

The subdivision has been designed and constructed to manage these parameters apart from the actual keeping of stock. The keeping of stock is very dependant on the land owner.

The best way of having the landowner take responsibility for the management of horses is to require them to develop a management plan for approval of the local authority.

The management plan developed in Van Gool et al 2000 is a simple document contained in bpages 8 - 1 3 of that document. That approach has been used for the adjoining subdivisions and would be approoriate for Cavallo Estate.

The development of a management plan encourages the landholders to consider the issues and the methods that can be used to manage the keeping of horses.

The example from Van Gool et al 2000 follows.

Landform Research


14

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Agriculture Western Australia Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings

Remnant vegetation

Figure 1. Example site plan • Lot 5 Somewhere Road

Key elements of site plan • Fifteen metre vegetated buffer on the white sand rise (SR3, rapidly drained pale sands)

unit as wind erosion protection, and as a physical border to the 'rural residential' area (includes 3 metre fire break).

• Eight metre wide row of trees on boundary with cattle farm (includes 3 metre fire break).

• Fencing the remnant vegetation, including a small swamp.

• Revegetating a 30 metre buffer to a seasonally flowing stream (as per environmental guidelines).

• Exclusion of shed, tracks and a garden area (again including fire break for shed and house):

Van Gool et al 2000 page 11.



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REFERENCES • READING

Allen D G and R C Jeffery, 1990, Methods for Analysis of Phosphorus in Western Australian Soils, Chemistry Centre Report on Investigation No 37.

ANZECC, 1992, Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters.

Appleyard S J 1993, Explanatory Notes for the Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination Maps of the Perth Basin, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 1993/6.

Australian Health and Medical Research Council, 1996, Australian Drinking Water Guidelines.

Berkman D A, 1995, Field Geologists Manual, The Australian Institute of Mining and Metalurgy.

Bradley A L, 2008, Manure Management for Small and Hobby Farms, North East Recycling Council Inc, USA. (Available on the internet).

Bureau of Meteorology, 2013, Rainfall Intensity Chart.

Coles and Moore, 1998, Runoff and Water Erosion, IN Soil Guide, WA Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 4343.

Dames and Moore, undated, Nitrate Management in the Jandakot UWPCA.

Data from Select Committee on Metropolitan Development and Groundwater Supplies, Legislative Assembly 1994.

Dawes L and A Goonetilleke, 2001, The importance of site assessment in designing effluent disposal areas, Proceedings of the 2nd Australia and New Zealand Conference on Environmental Geotechnics - Geoenvironment, University of Newcastle New South Wales.

Department of Agriculture 1990, Land Resources in the Northern Section of the Peel Harvey Catchment, Swan Coastal Plain Western Australia.

Department of Agriculture and Food, undated, Property Care.

Department of Environment WA, 2004, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Australia.

Department of Health, 2001, Code of Practice for the Design, Manufacture, and Operation of Aeorobic Treatment Units Servicing Single Dwellings

Department of Natural Resources, and Department of Local Government and Planning, Queensland, 1997, Planning Guidelines Separating Agricultural and Residential Land Uses.

Department of Water, September 2006, Wasfewafer treatment - on site domestic systems, Water Quality protection Note.

Department of Water. 2008, Better Urban Water Management.

Dixon R N M, 1996, Trees on farms to reduce salinity in the Clearing Control Catchments Volume 4, Helena Catchment, Water and Rivers Commission, Rep. No. WRT8.

Dixon R N M, G W Mauger and A Rogers, 1998, Trees on Farms to reduce Salinity in the Clearing of Control Catchments, Water and Rivers Commission, WRT 20.

Engineers Australia 2003, Australian Runoff Quality, National Committee on Water Engineering.

Environment Australia, 2002, Introduction to Urban Stormwater Management in Australia.



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Environmental Protection Authority Victoria/ Melbourne Water, undated, Urban Stormwater, Best Practice Environmental Management Guidelines

EPA Bulletin 711, 199, Western Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters.

FESA, 2001, Planning for Fire, Fire and Emergency Services Authority of Western Australia.

Foyle J, 1994, Hoofprints, A Manual for Horse Property Management, Sustainable Resources Group, Primary Industriesd South Australia.

Geological Survey of WA, 1986, Perth Environmental Geology 1: 50 000 sheet.

Gerritse et al, 1995, Retention of Nitrate and Phosphate in Soils of the Darling Plateau in Western Australia: Implications for Domestic Septic Tank Systems, Aust. J. Soil Res. 33, 36367.).

Gerritse R G and J A Adeney, Nutrient export from various land uses on the Darling Plateau in Western Australia , CSIRO Report 92141.

Gerritse R G, C Barber and J A Adeney, 1990, The Impact of Residential Urban Areas on Groundwater Quality: Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, CSIRO Water Resources Series No 3.

Gerritse R, 1993, The influence oflanduse and soil type on nutrient losses, IN Swan River - The Future, Swan River Trust Report No 8.

Government of Western Australia, 2003, Health (Treatment of Sewage and Disposal of Effluent and Liquid Waste) Regulations 1974, Health Act 1911.

Guidelines for Groundwater Protection in Australia, ARMCANZ, ANZECC, September 1995.

Jones T, M Middletone and N Corby, 2005, Natural hazard risk in Perth, Western Australia, Australian Government, Geoscience Australia.

King P D and M R Wells, 1990, Darling Range Rural Land Capability Study, Department of Agriculture and Food Land Resources Series No 3

Poinke H B, M L Sharma and J K Hosking, Effecf of Irrigated Horticultural Cropping on Groundwater Quality: Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, CSIRO Water Research Series No 2.

Shire of Serpentine - Jarrahdale, 1994, Small Block Manual.

Van Gool D, K Angell and Lindsay Stephens, 2000, Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings, Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp, Western Australia, Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 02/2000.

Water and Rivers Commission, 1998, Manual for Managing Urban Stormwater Quality in Western Australia.

Water and Rivers Commission, 1998, Stabling and Agistment of Horses, Water Quality Protection Note.

Wells M R and P D King, 1989, Land Capability Assessment Methodology, Western Australian Department of Agriculture.

Whitehead J H and P M Geary, 2005, Geotechnical Challanges for Onsite Wastewater Management in the Hunter Region, Australian Geomechanics Vol 40, No 2, June 2005.



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Wilde S A and G H Low, 1978,1 : 250 000 Perth Geological Series, Geological Survey of Western Australia.

Landform Research


18

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< Lot 117

86ST0CKMANSCL

>

Lot 218 575 ABERNETHYRP

Lot 116 73STOCKMANSCL

Lot 16 53 LAKEMAN PL

Lot 19 52 LAKEMAN PL Lot 135

15 ANGUS CL

Lot 144 33 5TOCKMANSCL

Lot 136 16ANGUS CL

Lot 618 52 MOUNT EDEN LANE

Lot 616 51 MOUNT EDEN LANE

Lot 219 578 KARGOTICH RD


Lot 17 39 LAKE.M.AN PL


Lot 807 62 NORTHERLY LANE

Lot 134 9ANGU5CL

Lot 133 64 BULLOCK DR








I in I v. i Mil


Lot 15 7 L AKEMAN PL

1 tfcl vA PL Lot 34

97 BULLOCK DR


Lot J1 47 GIBSON TOP

Lot 32 31 GIBSON TOP

>6« l''V

Fl •« Af iA I'l

Lot 23 23 GIBSON TOP

Lot 24 18 GIBSON TOP Lot 25

30 GIBSON TOP

Lot 26 44 GIB50N TOP

OS 0*1 HI

Lot2J 10KOWUKT

Lot 233 928 ORTON RD


Lot 26 9 KOWIN CT

Lot 27 I I KOWIN CT

Lots 1116 ORTON RD

Lot 1264 1070 ORTON RD

CAVALLO ESTATE

Figure 1


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Pinjarra Plain: - Broad low relief plain w e s t of the footh i l ls , compris ing predominant ly Pleistocene f luvial sediments and some Holocene alluvium assoc ia ted w i t h major current drainage sys tems . Major soils are natural ly poor ly drained and many swamps occur.

P1 Flat t o very gent ly undulat ing plain w i t h deep acidic mo t t l ed ye l low duplex lor " e f f e c t i v e dup lex" ! soils compris ing:

a. shal low pale sand to sandy loam over clay, Imper fec t t o poor ly drained and general ly not suscept ib le to sal inity

b. modera te ly deep pale sand to sandy loam over clay: imper fec t l y drained and moderate ly suscept ib le to sal inity in l imi ted areas

c deep pale b r o w n to ye l lowish sand to sandy loam over c lay; imper fec t l y drained and moderate ly suscept ib le t o sal inity In l imi ted areas

d. as for P1a, but moderate ly suscept ib le to salinity

e. shal low pale sand to sandy loam over very gravel ly c lay; modera te ly wel l drained

P2 Flat to very gent ly undulat ing plain w i t h deep alkaline mo t t l ed yel low duplex soils wh ich general ly cons is t of shal low pale sand t o sandy loam over clay.

P2a As for P2, but there is a s i lcrete hardpan at 50 to 100cm depth general ly on top of an l o l i ve -g rey ) clay

P3 Flat to very gent ly undulat ing plain w i t h deep, imper fec t to poor ly drained acidic gradat ional ye l low or g r e y - b r o w n earths and mo t t l ed ye l low duplex soils, w i t h loam to clay loam sur faces

CAVALLO ESTATE

P4 Poorly drained f la ts , somet imes w i t h gilgai mtcrorel ief and w i t h modera te ly deep to deep black, ol ive grey and some ye l lowish b r o w n crack ing c lays and less commonly rion crack ing fr iable c lays w i t h generally acidic subsoils.

P4a Sandy margins of the plain adjacent to dune sys tems where soils have a very shal low grey sand veneer over deep, black or grey crack ing clays

P5 Poorly drained f la ts , commonly w i t h gllgal mlcrorel ief and w i t h deep grey to ol ive b r o w n crack ing c lays w i t h alkaline subsoils.

P6 Very gent ly undulat ing alluvial ter races and low rises cont iguous w i t h the plain, w i t h deep moderate ly wel l to wel l drained soils. These are:

a. assoc ia ted w i t h major current r iver sys tems and larger s t reams, and have acidic red and yel low duplex soils, less commonly gradat ional red and ye l low ear ths

b. assoc ia ted w i t h prior s t ream depos i ts upon plain, and have uni form brownish sands

c. alluvial fans w i t h un i form friable b r o w n loams, or wel l s t ruc tu red gradat ional b r o w n earths. Figure 3


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4 B Cavallo Estate with Casuarina obesa and occasional Melaleuca preissiana Cavallo Estate

4C

L a n d f o r m R e s e a r c h


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5A Equestrian subdivision adjoining Cavallo Estate, showing planted trees and irrigated pasture

Equestrian subdivision adjoining Cavallo Estate, showing planted trees and irrigated pasture and original Melaleuca preissiana. Equestrian subdivision adjoining Cavallo Estate, showing irrigated pasture and original Casuarina obesa

5B 5C

Equestrian subdivision adjoining Cavallo Estate, showing planted trees and irrigated pasture.

5D

Equestrian subdivision adjoining Cavallo Estate, showing planted trees and original Casuarina obesa and Melaleuca preissiana.

5E 5F

Equestrian subdivision adjoining to the east of Cavallo Estate, showing planted trees

Figure 5

April 6 2014



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Appendix 4 Subdivision Guide Plan


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POSSIBLE FUTURE DRAINAGE BASIN -

2010m'

Chief Executive Officer

LEGEND:

j 1 Subject Land • — < Building Envelopes 1000m3 L"_ Z

Landscaping CD

sAUerding (SLSsociates

SCALE 1:4000 ORIGINAL PIAN SIZE: A3

SUBDIVISION GUIDE PLAN sAUerding

(SLSsociates JOB CODE: PRA BYF GE

DATE: 15.02.2011

SUBDIVISION GUIDE PLAN sAUerding

(SLSsociates JOB CODE: PRA BYF GE

DATE: 15.02.2011

NORTH LOT 224 ORTON ROAD OAKFORD

Shire of Serpentine - Jarrahdale

Town Planners. Advocates and Subdivision Designers 125 Hamersley Road, Subiaco W.A. 6008

PH: (08) 9382 3000 FAX: (08) 9382 3005 www.allerdingassoc.com

NORTH LOT 224 ORTON ROAD OAKFORD

Shire of Serpentine - Jarrahdale


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PSA Ref: 3618

25 June 2014

Chief Executive Officer Serpentine Jarrahdale Shire 6 Paterson Street Mundijong WA6123

Attention: Regan Travers, Senior Planner

Dear Sir,

LOT 224 (1025) ORTON ROAD, OAKFORD PROPOSED SCHEME AMENDMENT - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We refer to the meeting on 8 May 2014 attended by the Shire's Officers, Lindsay Stephens of Landform Research and Marc Re of Planning Solutions regarding the proposed scheme amendment at Lot 224 (1025) Orton Road, Oakford (subject site).

At the meeting it was confirmed the Shire's Officers are not fundamentally opposed to the keeping of horses on the subject site from a planning and amenity perspective; however, concerns around the actual capability of the land to keep horses due to existing inundation and drainage issues were raised.

In order to progress the proposed scheme amendment, the Shire's Officers requested further investigations be undertaken regarding the areas of the site subject to inundation and the physical capability of this land to accommodate horses. It was requested that management and implementation measures be provided, so as to improve existing on-site drainage conditions, as well as to provide guidance for the management of horses. Particularly, the need to address the specific obligations for prospective purchasers or landowners seeking to keep horses was identified.

The following submission and appended information is provided to address the above concerns raised by the Shire.

INUNDATION, DRAINAGE AND LAND CAPABILITY

Further to the meeting with the Shire, Landform Research has undertaken additional assessment of the existing drainage provided for on-site with subdivision of the land. High resolution aerial imagery (Nearmaps) ranging from 12 January 2008 to 17 March 2014 was reviewed. Spring 2013 was identified to be particularly wet and aerial imagery from 6 September 2013, showing inundation over various areas of the site, was compared against pre- and post-subdivision slopes and surface water drainage. This method provided an indication of drainage and inundation issues which may have arisen as a result of the subdivision works.

Page 11


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The Urban Water Management Plan prepared for the subject site was also reviewed, and a further site inspection was undertaken during a heavy rainfall event on 27 May 2014.

The primary issue identified for the site is that the soils are not free draining and in winter, when rainfall exceeds evaporation and transpiration, they are relatively impermeable. Sand rapidly becomes saturated with water, meaning all rainfall needs to runoff. The ability for swale drains to allow soakage will only operate effectively when soils are relatively dry and not saturated, and when rainfall is limited in intensity.

The water observed on the surface during winter and heavy rainfall events is therefore confirmed to be perched water and not groundwater.

Drainage from the land to the east is also identified to be a significant factor, which adds to the water on-site.

Existing on-site drainage comprises road reserve drains with several small swale drains. The drainage system is designed to take excess water and drain it to a settlement trapping basin in the south-western corner of the subject site. The system appears to work reasonably well. However, water is coming in from the east, and appropriate drainage does not appear to currently be present along the eastern boundary. Water also lies on some central and western portions of the land during wet conditions, and ripped areas of tree planting have been recognised to impede natural drainage, as rips fill with water and the ridges prevent natural surface water flows.

The figure contained in Appendix 1 details those areas inundated during the wet period of September 2013. Existing surface water drains and the slope of land are also indicated on this figure to provide an indication of what further drainage measures may be required to alleviate inundation issues during wet periods.

In response to the investigations undertaken by Landform Research, Porter Consulting Engineers have proposed additional drainage provisions. Appendix 2 contains correspondence from Porter Consulting Engineers and the siteworks plan for proposed works to improve on-site drainage and alleviate inundation issues, as identified by Landfrom Research. Proposed works include as follows:

• Locally occurring low points to be filled.

• Ruts formed as part of landscaping works to be graded out and shallow drains to be provided to allow landscaped areas to flow to adjacent lot drains.

• Existing lot drains which have silted up over the previous winter are to be re-trimmed.

• Additional lot drains are proposed to aid the flow of water off site.

The works are proposed to be undertaken in the next four weeks, subject to the availability of the contractor.

The above works are shown on the siteworks plan and present a solution which addresses both localised areas of inundation and incoming flows from land to the east of the subject site. The works will improve on-site drainage to enable the keeping of horses to be sustainable for the subject site provided appropriate management for the keeping of horses is adhered to. The measures for management of horses proposed are addressed in the following section.

Page 12


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GUIDELINES FOR MANANGEMENT OF HORSES

To address the concerns of the Shire in respect to management of horses on the subject site, Landform Research has prepared comprehensive Guidelines for the Management of Horses. A copy of the guidelines is contained in Appendix 3.

The guidelines have been prepared with the intent of being distributed to prospective purchasers and landowners seeking to keep a horse on their lot. It is suggested purchasers will be requested to sign-off that they have reviewed the Guidelines for Management of Horses when signing the offer and acceptance documents for the purchase of a lot.

The guidelines outline the risks associated with the keeping of horses on the subject site. They go on to state the requirements for a Horse Management Plan to appropriately address these matters and be approved by the Shire prior to the keeping of horses on any lot. The guidelines list the matters for landowners to consider with their proposed management of horses, and provide examples of appropriate management measures.

All landowners will be required to apply for planning approval to keep a horse(s), as per the Special Provisions for RL24 under Appendix 4A to Town Planning Scheme No. 2. This requirement will provide the mechanism for control over management of horses, and the landowner will be required to submit its Horse Management Plan with the application for planning approval. In this way, lot specific management measures that address the particular physical constraints of each individual lot can be implemented. Such measures may include, but not be limited to:

• Horse(s) to be confined to certain areas of the lot.

• Horse(s) to be stabled during wet weather events or wet periods of winter months.

• Pasture species grown and fertilisers used.

• Areas for revegetation.

• Location, design and management of stables and horse wash down areas.

CONCLUSION

We consider the above and enclosed satisfactorily addresses the concerns raised by the Shire, and provides a solution to enable the keeping of horses to be sustainable for the subject site. We request the Shire now progress the proposed scheme amendment with a recommendation to Council for initiation.

Should you have any queries or require further clarification in regard to the above matter, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned.

Yours faithfully,

GILLIAN LESTER PLANNING CONSULTANT

140625 3618 Itr to Shire - adtnl info

Page 13


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APPENDIX 1 I AREAS OF INUNDATION AND EXISTING DRAINAGE • I •

Page 14 g


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APPENDIX 2 ADDITIONAL DRAINAGE SITEWORKS PLAN

I

I

I

I

1 • I

Page 15 fl


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Our Ref: SCH\SCH\L362. I4 Job No: 14-6-73 Consulting Engineers

24 June 2014 LevelKisiwn Court 58 Kishom Rood Mount Pleasant WA6153

TO Box 1036 Canning Bt idga WA 6163

Planning Solutions PO Box 8701 Perth BC WA 6849

lot (08) 931!. 9965 Fax: (08)9315 9959 Email: officeQpot1ereng.ooni.8i i Mw.portefang.oorn.au

Attention: Mr Marc Re

Dear Marc

LOT 224 ORTON ROAD OAKFORD 12 MONTH DEFECT REPAIR WORK

We confirm the landscaping has been completed, post subdivision works, as required under WAPC approval 145335, condition 26. It has become apparent these ground disturbing works have affected the natural flow of water across the site.

The report by Landform Research (dated 20 May 2014) has identified areas that have become inundated and remain saturated. As part of the civil contractors 12 month defect repair work, additional scope has been detailed to alleviate these saturated areas.

A site inspection was completed on the 6lh of June 2014. The site had received no rainfall in the previous week but did receive significant and prolonged rainfall for the nine days prior. It was noted the basin and all drains were dry. A few isolated areas around the landscaping works were damp.

This suggests the onsite drains are working. Minor works to alleviate the saturated areas as well and the general trimming of lot drains will allow the site to dry in a timely manner.

Further to the notes from the site inspection, drawing 14-6-73/100 Revision A was compiled. This identifies the works to be completed and is summarised below.

the inundated areas as identified by Landform Research are shown in blue.

Some of the saturated areas are locally occuring lows, these areas require filling. These locations are notated and hatched in purple.

• Narrow and shallow drains have been detailed (red arrows) to allow the various landscaping areas to flow to the adjacent lot drains. These shallow drains will be formed by a track mounted mini excavator with a narrow bucket. The intent is to grade out the ruts formed as part of the landscaping works.

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• Several existing lot drains have silted up over the previous winter period (shown in yellow). These require re-trimming by the same mini excavator but with a batter bucket. It is anticipated further sediment wash off will be minimal as the site has stabilised after the first winter;

• Additional lot drains have been detailed to aid in the flow of water off site. These are shown in green. The mini:excavator with batter bucket will be used to form these.

The intent is to undertake the above maintenance works within the next four weeks along with other defect repair works as required by the Contract, pending the availability of the Contractor.

If you have any further queries* please contact the undersigned.

Yours faithfully

Enc. cc Mr Alessandro Moschi, D + D Property Group


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LEGEND AREAS OF WATER AS IDENTIFIED BY

^ ' LANDFORM RESEARCH SEPTEMBER 2013

CONTRACTOR SHALL FORM SHALLOW DRAIN

NEW DRAIN

CLEAN OUT DRAIN

AREA REQUIRING FILL

NOTE CONTRACTOR SHALL CLEAN OUT ALL PIPES AND CULVERTS

CLEAN OUT-KARGOTICH DRAIN

CONTRACTOR TO CLEAN OUT SEDIMENT BUILO UP AND FORM SEDIMENT TRAP

DIAL BEFORE

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LOT 224 ORTON ROAD OAKFORD

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B APPENDIX 3 GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HORSES

I • • I • I • I

I

I • • Page 16


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MANAGEMENT OF HORSES

CAVALLO ESTATE LOT 224 ORTON ROAD, OAKFORD

SHIRE OF SERPENTINE - JARRAHDALE

JUNE 2014


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Horse Management Cavallo Estate, Orton Road, Oakford

HORSE MANAGEMENT - CAVALLO ESTATE

1.0 BACKGROUND

The subject land, like all the surrounding area, lies in part of the Peel Harvey Catchment, covered by Environmental Protection Policy (Peel Inlet - Harvey Estuary). It also falls understate Planning Policy 2.1, The Peel Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment.

The Peel Harvey Estuary has had ongoing management issues with respect to phosphorus from stock and fertiliser for many years.

As Birrega Drain runs along the western boundary of the Estate and the water in that drain eventually ends up in the Peel Harvey Estuary, management of nutrients from the keeping of horses is a very important consideration.

One horse will produce ass much nutrient as a conventional septic waste water system and more nutrients than that release to the soils of a Nutrient Management/alternative Waste Water System that is mandated for this locality.

2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION

Cavallo Estate consists of a flat area of sand over clay pasture that was, and is, parkland pasture of Casuarina obesa with occasional Melaleuca preissiana.

The subject land lies on a portion of the Pinjarra Plain, which is an alluvial plain formed by the meandering of rivers and streams draining from the Darling Scarp.

The underlying geology are sediments of the Perth Basin at depth, overlain by alluvial sediments deposited by the older watercourses. The sediments are predominantly interbedded loams and clays with sandy lenses that vary both vertically and horizontally. These sediments are ascribed to the Guildford (Pinjarra Plain) and Bassendean Land Systems.

Superimposed across the alluvial plain are thin sheets of sand that have added to the topsoils and formed low sand ridge. The only portion of ridge is the small ridge in the south on which the existing dwelling lies.

The land is flat but drains drains west and south. Main drains run along Kargotich and Orton Roads from where they drain to the Birrega Main Drain, which ultimately ends up in the Serpentine River and Peel Estuary.

Prior to subdivision and drainage some of the soils were to winter wet conditions. These areas may have changed as a result of subdivision and the constructed drainage.

Swale drains on site are used to reduce winter soil moisture. The drains are slow flowing, provide some nutrient retention on site. They feed to a detention basin with a raised outlet in the south western corner where water is detained on site.

The worst risk from nutrient export is from the first autumn flush from rainfall when dry manure or soluble nutrients may be washed to the drains and eventually to the Peel Harvey Estuary.

Landform Research 1


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Soils are generally moist throughout autumn through spring and in some areas water may lay on the surface for times each winter. Such areas can be improved through the use of clean natural sand fill.

There is one small wetland on site in the central east that has been protected by the subdivision design and construction.

In summer the soils become dry in the sandy upper horizons, unless irrigated where the soils will remain moist all year round.

Groundwater is generally 1.0 - 2.0 metres below the natural land surface during the year.

The use of bore water and the additional planted trees on site will assist in maintaining green pasture through summer.

3.0 NUTRIENT RISK FROM HORSES

Phosphorus is the main nutrient implicated in algal blooms in waterways such as the Peel Harvey Estuary and therefore it is important to limit its loss from the site.

Phosphorus is capable of being stored in the basal muddy sediments of water bodies. From there the phosphates are released over time and provide nutrient to fuel algal blooms. In this case phosphorus addition to the soils is the issue.

Phosphorus is readily adsorbed onto clay and sesquioxides of the subsoils, provided the water can infiltrate into the soils and not runoff. ON this site slow moving swale drains and a detention basin are used to slow the flow of water and provide time for the phosphorus to be adsorbed.

Nitrogen is a prominent part of living matter and is constantly recycled through the organic matter and the atmosphere.

Nitrogen is also held within the soil organic matter and some ions are attached to clay particles. When organic matter breaks down or fertiliser is applied and not taken up by plants, nitrogen is converted to ammonia or rapidly converts to nitrite and then nitrate under the influence of oxygen.

Soil microbes rapidly colonise the interface where waste water contacts the soil, with small amounts of organic matter at the interface providing the energy to sustain the microflora. Nitrates are normally removed by soil micro flora under anoxic conditions in the soils including leached white sands. The microflora remove the oxygen to leave nitrogen gas which is lost to the atmosphere. Inorganic nitrogen can also attach to clay particles.

Nitrogen is not generally responsible for algal blooms in freshwater environments, but high levels of nitrogen can affect the health of saline water bodies.

Microbial material from stock or waste water systems can present a health hazard unless the material is deactivated by normal soil microbial organisms. Microbes could consist of thermotolerant bacteria, viruses and other organisms. For deactivation to occur sufficient dilution and retention time in the soils or other media are required.

Landform Research 2


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Microbial purification is an important part of effluent disposal to ensure that all fine organic matter and micro-organisms are broken down.

Soil microbes require time to act on the microbial material released by warm blooded animals such as horses. As organic matter builds up in the soil it deactivates and destroys thermotolerant and other organisms released by stock animals.

An important part of nutrient management is having effective nutrient management procedures.

Landform Research


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4.0 HORSE MANAGEMENT

The issues related to horses depend on a number of aspects.

4.1 Gaining Approval to keep a Horse

The Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale require a Horse or Equine Management Plan prior to permitting the keeping of horses.

Prior to keeping a horse or other stock an assessment of a number of parameters need to be considered.

These can be summarised as;

• Is the keeping of a horse/s permitted on the land?

• What type and number of horses are proposed.

• Is the proposed site suitable for the horse/s.

• What management is proposed to minimise environmental impacts.

• What management is proposed to ensure the safety and health of the horse.

• What applications and approvals are required to the Local Authority?

4.2 Sources of Information

There are a number of documents that relate to the keeping of horses and provide information to landholders on how to assess and manage a horse. A search of the internet will also provide a large volume of material that can be helpful for keeping horses.

The Department of Agriculture and Food (WA) have several guidelines with respect to the keeping of horses on small rural holdings. These can be found under Keeping Horses on Small Properties and Equine Management Plan on the Department (DAFWA) website.

There is however much greater and more practical information available from South Australia Department of Primary Industries that is very relevant.

horsesa@>horsesa.asn.au is a very useful source of information. The Horse Management Guidelines printed from that source are attached.

The other main source is talking to your neighbours and local people who have horses and any equestrian and other clubs and activity groups.

In fact there is so much information in relation to keeping of horses that not all of it can be listed here. The information changes with time and new guidelines continually become available.

Landform Research


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Useful Information;

o Water and Rivers Commission, Western Australian Horse Council (Inc), Department of Environmental Protection, Department of Health, 2002. Environmental Management Guidelines for Horse Facilities and Activities. WQP Guideline 13.

o Horses SA, 2005, Horse Management Guidelines.

o Horses SA [email protected]

o Shire of Serpentine - Jarrahdale, 1994, Small Block Manual.

o Foyle J, 1994, Hoofprints, A Manual for Horse Property Management, Sustainable Resources Group, Primary Industries, South Australia.

o Department of Agriculture and Food, undated, Property Care.

o Bradley A L, 2008, Manure Management for Small and Hobby Farms, North East Recycling Council Inc, USA. (Available on the internet).

o Van Gool D, K Angell and L Stephens, 2000, Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp, Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 02/2000.

o Other references are found in Van Gool et al 2000, pages 74 - 80 and on the internet

4.3 Information Required for Application to the Shire

Proposed Stock

> This should include the type and number of horses and any additional information on the animal/s that are proposed to be kept.

> Write down your personal vision (lifestyle, time and money) and farm vision (type and number of horses and horsekeeping system) for the property, taking into account short and long term goals.

Site description

> Site location.

> Site plan incorporating lot boundaries, aerial photography, existing facilities, proposed fences, yards, stables, and other developments. A simple site plan follows.

> Include the location of neighbouring houses, swimming pools and other facilities that may be affected without correct on site management

> Describe the type of fences and gates.

y Prepare plans, sketches and details of any proposed stables. The location, size colour, materials used to construct the stables, flooring and drainage.

Landform Research 5


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Agriculture Western Australia Stocking Rate Guidelines for Rural Small Holdings

Remnant vegetation

Figure 1. Example site plan • hot 5 Somewhere Road

Key dements of site plan • Fifteen metre vegetated buffer on the white sand rise (SR3, rapidly drained pale sands)

unit as wind erosion protection, and as a physical border to the 'rural residential* area (includes 3 metre fire break).

• Eight metre wide row of trees on boundary with cattle farm (includes 3 metre fire break).

• Fencing the remnant vegetation, including a small swamp. • Revegetating a 30 metre buffer to a seasonally flowing stream (as per environmental

guidelines). • Exclusion of shed, tracks and a garden area (again including fire break for shed and

house):

Van Gool et al 2000 page 11.

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> Describe the feeding areas.

> Provide details including the locations of any additional structures such as shelters.

> Current land use, including details of any existing nutrient and irrigation management measures implemented.

> The extent of existing trees and any vegetation to be cleared as part of the proposal.

> Proposed areas for revegetation and indicate the species planting density and site preparation required.

Soils description

> Soil information including the type of soils, winter wet areas etc. Include on a site plan.

> Proposed amendments to the soil such as fill, sawdust or other materials. Note that horses should not be kept on winter water logged soils which may be present on part of your land. The winter waterlogging may damage soil structure and can impact on the health of horses.

> Winter wet soils should be managed or removed by filling low lying areas with clean sand or other suitable materials. Horses may be agisted offsite in winter if soils are too wet.

Water Sources

> Details of the source of water to manage horses and irrigate pasture.

> Details of any bore, soak or dam and any limits on water use.

> Details of any current groundwater allocation license held.

> Quantity, quality and availability of the water source

Irrigation

> Area to be irrigated and design of the irrigation system.

> Irrigation scheduling to avoid run-off and leaching, maintain pasture and dust.

Nutrient Management

> Pasture species to be grown on the property.

> Fertiliser to be used, and rates.

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> Management of manure wastes from the paddocks, stables, feeding areas. This should be removed from lots and used on gardens in place of fertiliser.

> Management of any stable or horse wash down water.

Nuisance

> Dust - provide details of any potential to generate dust and the appropriate dust suppression methods to be used. Eg feeding area, bare paddocks

> Odour - sources and proposed management of odours. Include excess odour (especially from urine),

> Flies and other insect pests - sources, types of pest, management strategies.

> Noise - will activities impact on neighbours?

> Mice and other pests - consider how these will be prevented by the use of sealed containers, management and control.

> Discuss your plans with your neighbours and if there are any issues, aim to negotiate a solution that is reasonable and meets both your needs.

Stable Design and Management

> Design and manage stables to control odour from urine - install an impervious floor, regularly clean stable floors and replace bedding material.

> Design and manage stables to control odour from urine - install an impervious floor, regularly clean stable floors and replace bedding material.

> Manage manure so that odour problems are avoided - regularly remove manure from stable collection bays and around intensive work areas.

> Design and locate stables, yards and ancillary buildings so that you will minimise potential noise and odour problems for your neighbours e.g. adequate buffer distance from neighbour's property/house.

> Install gutters on stables and shelters to control stormwater.

> When planning loading and unloading areas for horse floats, consider ways to minimise noise and odour for your neighbours.

> Lay down rubber conveyor belt matting or other "pad" material which will both provide surface protection and prevent feed getting mixed with dirt. This type of surface can also be moved around to suit.

Feed and Related Items

> Keep horse feed in sealed containers, promptly clean up spilt feed, and use baiting for rodent control. It also helps to use large containers when feeding horses so that they don't spill much feed on to the ground.

Landform Research 8


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> Have a location for the storage of veterinary items, supplements and other items. Consider the potential access by children and pets.

Landform Research

S J S TRIM - IN14/15537

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I Horse Management

Cavallo Estate, Orton Road, Oakford

I HORSES, LAND AND WATER I MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES

I Horses SA g

[email protected] • • • • I


B SJS TRIM - IN14/15537

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HORSES, LAND AND WATER Management Guidelines

Introduction

Horse property managers are recognising more and more the value of good environmental management. They are facing increasing scrutiny of their environmental management performance from regulatory government agencies, from external stakeholders, and from neighbours and industry peers. All would like to see horses kept in a sustainable manner with minimal adverse impact on the environment.

In addition, awareness has increased regarding the relationship between enhanced horse health and environmentally-conscious land management.

The need for this particular document arose from the experiences of Horse SA and members who were working on a sister project'Action Planner for Horse Properties'.

The practices in this document were developed by horse property managers in conjuction with government agencies and with the support of Horse SA.

This document is designed to support the Action Planner and to act as a stand-alone information source.

About the project

Throughout several ongoing environmental awareness raising efforts by the horse keeping community (led by Horse SA), it has been recognised that a vital component in making a difference in true on-ground improvements is the presence of targets for desirable environmental land management practice(s).The following underlying principles led to the need for developing management guidelines for the horse keeping community:

Environmental (on-ground) outcomes can potentially be achieved in a more straightforward manner if the pathway to those outcomes is known and has general horse industry support (e.g. what practice is likely to achieve outcomes).

Management guidelines for horse property owners, if developed in conjunction with and endorsed by government agencies, will provide important steps in enhancing government's confidence in the commitment of the horse keeping community to environmental management

Horse keepers will be more likely to take action to undertake sustainable planning and management practices when assisted by a horse industry body (e.g. Horse SA) and advised of the links with horse health.

Best practice principles will provide clear messages to horse property owners as to which practices will have a greater possibility of meeting their'environmental duty of care'.

If underpinned by a structure that allows monitoring of application of these practices and environmental improvements, best practice guidelines have the potential to act as a target-setting protocol.

• The horsekeeping community has been identified as drawing more benefit from best practice advice rather than self-directed risk assessment procedures.

Assisting landholders to comply with current regulatory requirements by providing them with a framework for environmental improvements.

Therefore, through extensive consultation which involved surveys, a number of workshops, field days, testing of practices and the recording of collective experiences, this 'Management Guidelines' document has been put together.

We hope you, your horses and the property on which your horse lives benefit from the information contained within.

How to use these guidelines

These guidelines are designed to be used in conjunction with Horse SA's Action Planner for Horse Properties to assess and continually improve environmental management.

This publication consists of a series of topics for each of the 30 topics in the Action Planner. For each topic, there is some brief background information, a statement of best practice, practical step-by-step guidelines to help you improve your current practices, and links to helpful resources and further information.

First, work through the Action Planner and identify which management topics will help you make improvements on your

horse property (available from Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au or www.horseslandandwater.com)

Next, look at the corresponding topics in this publication to help you develop action plans for your property. There is an action plan template at the back of the Action Planner.

For some management issues, you may need to get professional advice for more detail and to help you work out what is best for your horse property.

Congratulations for taking the first steps.Your horse - and the environment - will say thanks!

© Horse SA 2005


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Foreword

Being the owner of a thoroughbred stud and a passionate breeder of horses, I am a great believer that the country on which they run needs to be the best for them. There is nothing more important than the environment which both humans and horses share.

As horse property managers, regardless of where we are located in Australia, there is always an opportunity to improve our land and management practices. Our horses reflect the land. There is truth in the saying "healthy land, healthy horses".

It is our challenge to learn about the soil, about water, and appreciate good pastures in the same way we learn about our horses and delight in their athletic prowess, every day watching them grow and play is an integral part of the complex ecological matrix of which we are all embedded.

This 'Management Guidelines' for horse properties and the supporting resource booklet 'Action Planner for Horse Properties' will act as guides to evaluate the property your horse lives on. Use these documents to start your journey of thinking, watching, and to take the first of many small steps towards a horse property which enhances the natural assets already present.

Talk to your friends, look around you at what is working well on properties, don't be afraid to ask questions, look for answers, and share the experiences and knowledge with other horse owners in your district, your catchment managers and your horse industry.

It is our responsibility to ensure that we are doing all we possibly can to protect our land and develop new sustainable farming practices. We must be mindful of how we manage our properties and run our horses on i t . . . i f we fail to do so then there will be bleak times ahead for our future generations.

Gerry Harvey Baramul Stud, Widden Valley, NSW Chairman, Magic Millions Sales Pty Ltd

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Contents

What is a catchment? 4

1 Property management plan 6

2 Horsekeeping systems 8

3 Development and related approvals 10

4 Siting of stables, yards, trails and intensive work areas 12

5 Fire prevention planning 13

6 Emergency response planning 14

7 Habitat for native plants and animals 15

8 Storage and transport of veterinary products and chemicals 16

9 Application and disposal of veterinary products and chemicals 17

10 Preventing weeds entering or leaving the property 19

11 Pest animals 20

12 Disposal of deceased horses 21

1 Maintain groundcover 23

2 Pasture composition 25

3 Weed identification and control 27

4 Proclaimed (declared) pest plants 29

5 Seasonal wet areas, wet seeps and drainage lines 31

6 Steep slopes 32

7 Management of manure 33

8 Fence line tracking 34

9 Management of horse feeding, watering and congregating areas 35

10 Shade and shelter 36

11 Management of watercourses (including erosion gullies and dams) 37

12 Stock crossings 38

1 Horse exercise areas and yards 40

2 Stable/yard waste storage 41

3 Cleaning and disposal of waste in intensive horsekeeping areas 42

4 Storage of feed 43

5 Cleaning out horse floats and trucks 44

6 Wash down areas 45

Appendices 46

Glossary 48

3 © Horse SA 2005


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What is a catchment?

A catchment is an area of land that catches rainfall, and directs it to a creek, river, dam or gutter, which eventually flows out to an ocean or lake.

Water is the link throughout the catchment. As well as rivers, creeks, lakes, dams and reservoirs, a catchment also includes groundwater, stormwater, waste water, and related infrastructure (including sewage pipes and treatment systems).

It is important to maintain a healthy catchment to ensure watercourses:

can support aquatic life such as fish, frogs and insects; are available for recreational use; and can supply safe drinking water for communities.

Everybody lives and works in a catchment, so we all have a responsibility to look after the environment within our local catchment.

All properties need to be well managed to prevent pollutants (including sediments from soils, nutrients from manure and fertilisers and chemicals from pesticides or veterinary products) from damaging the surrounding environment and/or entering watercourses or groundwater.

The way you manage activities on your horsekeeping property can have a direct impact on the surrounding environment and the quality of the water that runs off your property, which in turn has an

impact on your catchment's health. These include activities such as: soil health, pasture composition and groundcover maintenance; weed control; manure management; storage and application of veterinary products and chemicals; and horse access to and across watercourses.

A horse property that practises sound environmental management will have quality pastures, low incidence of weeds, habitats for native birds and animals and well-maintained watercourses. Sound environmental management not only translates into healthy land but also provides an environment that will have positive impacts on the health of the horses that live on such a property.

It is important to understand how activities on your horsekeeping property can be managed to prevent poor water quality in your catchment and promote horse health. Once issues are identified you can then begin working towards managing activities on your property to reduce or prevent pollutants harming the surrounding environment and catchment.

These guidelines, along with the Action Planner, are designed to assist you to recognise any improvements in management practices that will promote catchment health on your property.


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Whole of property management

Property management plan

Horsekeeping systems

Development and related approvals

Siting of stables, yards, trails and intensive work areas

Fire prevention planning

Emergency response planning

Habitat for native plants and animals

Storage and transport of veterinary products and chemicals

Application and disposal of veterinary products and chemicals

Preventing weeds entering or leaving the property

Pest animals

Disposal of deceased horses

5


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Management Guideliness Whole of property management

1 Property Management Plan

• Introduct ion

A Property Management Plan (PMP) is a working plan of the design and management of the horse property, that is based on the property's physical resources, the activities (e.g. breeding, sports horses) that are undertaken on the property, your goals and financial factors.

A well thought out and workable PMP for a horse property has great potential benefits. It will help ensure:

you achieve your personal goals for your horse property and lifestyle, the natural resources on your property (and the surrounding environment) are well managed and protected, and the specific requirements and personal goals of your horsekeeping enterprise are met.

A well-designed PMP will set out future property improvements, or management changes, that are achievable for you.

Many horse property managers are probably already doing many of the things that would be included in a PMP, but may not have put these down'on paper'as a formalised plan. Others might have done some sort of property plan but it might need updating.

A PMP for a horse property would look at ways you can eventually reach the'best practice'outcomes that are in the Horse SA Action Planner for Horse Properties.

Having a documented PMP is often an advantage when you need to apply to local council or other agencies for approval to put up shelters, riding arenas and stables or make other changes to your horsekeeping enterprise (see Development and related approvals - page 12).

The best result though, is knowing that our horses are gaining benefit from good pasture cover, shelter, good water quality and are

© Horse SA 2005 6

Best Practice

A Property Management Plan for the management of natural resources on the horse property is in place, is actively used and is reviewed (updated) annually.

Developing or updating a Property Management Plan... "should not be a difficult task"

staying healthy due to mud, dust and other environmental factors which can contribute to overall health being reduced or eliminated.

• Steps to achieve best practice

How to develop a Property Management Plan

Developing (starting from scratch) or updating a PMP for a horse property should not be a difficult task.

Technical assistance and other resources can be accessed to help horse property owners do this (see links), or you can do it yourself. Involving members of your family, staff or clients (if agistment is your business), will give a greater chance of success in the uptake of the agreed final PMP.

The basic steps are outlined as follows:-

Write down your personal vision (lifestyle, time and money) and farm vision (type and number of horses and horsekeeping system) for the property, taking into account short and long term goals.

Purchase an aerial photo (see links) or detailed map of your property, and at least four sheets of clear plastic overlay (available from survey suppliers).

• On the first overlay sheet placed over the aerial photo of the property, draw the property's physical features (hills/flats, drainage lines, creeks, dams, rock outcrops, vegetation etc).

On a second overlay, draw the boundaries of the land capability classes on the property. Land capability classes are the different types of land on the property such as flat land, steep land, waterlogged areas, rocky areas, saline areas, and different soil types etc (see What is land capability? at left).

Look at options to best match your horsekeeping system (i.e. paddocking with/without hand feeding, yarding etc. - see Horsekeeping Systems - Page 8) or other land use enterprises with the different land classes on the property. For example, have grazing paddocks on good land, restrict horse access to steep land etc, retain native vegetation on rocky land and creekline areas, plan to fence off watercourses.

What is land capability ?

Land capability refers to the ability of land to be used for a particular purpose (or managed in a particular way) without suffering degradation.

Different types of land have different land capability, depending on factors such as soil type, slope, drainage, rainfall etc. For example, steep land with clay soil that gets soft when wet cannot withstand having as many horses kept on it as flat, well-drained land.

The key is to recognise the factor/s that are present (and how minor or severe they are) that limit land capability for horsekeeping on any piece of land.

The main land capability factors that are important for horsekeeping are:

• Potential for soil erosion • Susceptibility to waterlogging • Soil strength e.g. soft when wet or dusty when dry • Saline areas • Soil pH (although acidity can be overcome) • Rockiness • Streambanks, watercourses etc. • Terrain - different slopes and aspect

A land capability class map of the property is one of the main steps in a property management plan.


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On a third overlay sheet, draw the existing property layout (fences, shelters, troughs, raceways etc).

Draw up a fourth map overlay of your future/realistic' or 'improvement' property layout, based on how you could best accommodate your future horse management on the property with the resources available to you (especially time and money). Your aim should be to eventually reach the best practice standards for horse management as outlined in this publication.

Write down, in priority order, the activities you plan to undertake to implement your'realistic'property plan over a reasonable timeframe (say 3-5 years). This would take into account time, money and other commitments.

Work out ways you can monitor the health of the property (e.g. soil testing, periodic pasture cover assessments, or photo points).

Include contingency measures for emergencies, and build these into the plan.

Don't let your PMP gather dust on a shelf, but actively use and implement it, and review or update it regularly.Talk about the plan with the rest of your family, or others who live or work on the property, and make sure everyone knows how they can help with putting it into practice.

• Links

> Land Management Program advisers based in the Mt Lofty Ranges: phone 8391 7500, www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html

> Horse SA: phone 8294 2460 or visit www.horsesa.asn.au

> Land capability in the Mt Lofty Ranges - Soil Conservation Boards in the Mt Lofty Ranges (available from Natural Resource centres and PIRSA offices)

> How useful is your farm land? - Land capability extension tool, Primary Industries and Resources SA.

V Property Management Planning - extension resource manual Primary Industries SA (1997).

> Aerial photos - Mapland (Department for Environment and Heritage) Level 1,100 Pirie Street, Adelaide. Ph. 8463 3999 www.deh.sa.gov.au/mapland/eshop.html

> Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management - J.Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461 /10.

> Sustainable Land Use for Depastured Horses - RIRDC Bookshop: www.rirdc.gov.au

> Healthy Land Healthy Horses - RIRDC Bookshop. www.rirdc.gov.au

> Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers, Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA online store.

> Check the bookstores from your State department of agriculture

i V o

•or

Aerial photo with overlays for various features.

© Horse SA 2005


OCM075.1/05/15


2 Horsekeeping systems

• Introduction

An important decision to make when deciding how to best manage your property is how many horses you keep and how they are housed and fed.

The choice of the horsekeeping system (i.e. paddocking with/without hand feeding, yarding etc. see 'Horsekeeping Systems' box) for any property needs to take into account:

the 'capability' of land on the property (see 'What is land capability', on Property Management Plan - Page 6) - how many horses can be kept without degrading the land; how much time, money and other resources e.g. available yards, are available;and the type of horse enterprise (e.g. showjumpers, racing etc).

As more horses are kept on a given area of land, more time, money, management and facilities are needed for it to be a successful enterprise.

A realistic approach needs to be taken so that the horse property can be well managed within budget, time constraints, and to meet your personal goals, so that the horses are healthy and there is no risk of harm to the land or the environment.


Step 1

Identify the land capability of your property.

If you have a good understanding of the soils on your property and their limiting factors for management, plus rainfall, slopes and location of watercourses, then you already have some understanding of the land capability.

Land management advisers and rural consultants can help you to assess land capability on your property and assist with planning stocking rates, property layout and management (see links).

As a guide, if some parts of your property have any of the following factors, these are the types of land capability classes you have:

potential for soil erosion susceptibility to waterlogging soil strength e.g. soft when wet or dusty when dry saline areas

• soil pH (i.e. acid, neutral or alkaline, although acidity can be overcome) rocky areas streambanks, watercourses terrain - different slopes and aspect

On land where horses are kept, land capability falls into three main categories, which are recognised as:-

1 All-year access: land that has no significant constraints, and horses can be kept on it most of the time, except when spelling pastures etc.

2 Restricted access: land with significant land capability limitations (e.g. winter waterlogging, steeper slopes) and horses are only allowed access at certain times when conditions are safe.

3 Prohibited access: land that is not suitable for horses, such as steep slopes in high rainfall areas (1,000 mm+), sandhills, saline areas, creek lines and areas of native vegetation.

© Horse SA 2005 8

Best Practice

The number of horses on the property and the management system used is determined by the land capability and the needs of the horse property manager.

High input system.

Step 2

Work out your property's 'nutritional potential' (also called 'stocking rate').

Steps to work out the nutritional potential or stocking rate of the horse property are:

Look up the 'nutritional potential' (i.e. dry sheep equivalent 'DSE' - see explanation in box) carrying capacity of typical pastures for the district where your property is, in the table overleaf.

DSEs

The livestock carrying capacity (including horses) or 'nutritional potential' of land is referred to in units of 'DSEs' (Dry Sheep Equivalents). DSE = the number of dry adult sheep that can be kept on one hectare of good dryland pasture without supplementary feeding year after year.

The DSEs of horses are generally accepted to be: Light 10 Draught 14 Ponies 6

Horsekeeping systems

• Low input system (paddocking, no hand feeding) - does not require stables or yards or a daily input of labour, but does require pasture management throughout the year.

• Medium input system (paddocking, hand feeding) - has stables or yards for routine management - e.g. horses may be stabled when the paddock cannot withstand hoof activity or paddock cover is too low.

• High input system (yarding) - has stables or yards where horses spend the majority of their time, and may only spend a few hours a day in the paddock or being exercised.


OCM075.1/05/15


Table: Examples of indicative 'DSE' carrying capacity of good quality pastures in different districts in central SA. These depend mainly on annual rainfall and climate.

DSE/ha Parawa 15 Echunga, Meadows 13 Mt Compass, Yankalilla, Cherry Gardens 10 Harrogate, Strathalbyn west, Middleton 7 Gawler/Roseworthy, Goolwa 5 Murray Bridge, Balaklava 3 Port Wakefield 1.75

Source: Hoof prints

Estimate the total nutritional potential of your property by multiplying your district's DSE with the number of hectares of horse grazing access on the property (taking into account the months of the year horses can use restricted access areas). See the following example:

Example: (Cherry Gardens - 10 DSE and 900 mm average annual rainfall):

Area 1 3 ha x 12/12 months (all year access) x 10 DSE = 30 Area 2 2 ha x 9/12 months (restricted access) x 10 DSE = 15 Total for property = 45 DSE

If you are going to keep light horses (10 dse each), then the potential stocking capacity is 45/10 = 4.5 horses on the 5 ha property.

It is important to note that the actual (sustainable) stocking capacity is a function of your horsekeeping system (see below), local differences in land capability, seasonal variations in rainfall, and your land management adjustments to those factors.

The actual nutritional potential of your pastures may be lower than this if pastures are in poor condition or pasture production is restricted by soil factors (e.g. shallow soil, low soil fertility etc).

Step 3

Work out the stocking rates you can use with your intended type of horsekeeping system.

Besides the nutritional potential of the property, the actual stocking rates used on horse properties depends on the type of horse management system used. This is generally:

Low input system (paddocking, no hand feeding):

Has fewer horses than the nutritional potential (stocking rate)

of the land, and

does not require stables/yards or a daily input of labour but does require pasture management throughout the year.

Medium input system (paddocking, hand feeding):

• Has the same number or marginally more horses than the nutritional potential of the land, and

• has stables/yards for routine management - e.g. horses may be stabled when the paddock cannot withstand hoof activity or paddock cover is too low.

High input system (yarding):

Has many more horses than the nutritional potential of the land, and

• has stables/yards where horses spend the majority of their time and may only spend a few hours a day in the paddock.

9

Medium input system.

• Links

> Land Management Program advisers based in the Mt Lofty Ranges: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html (A free property advice service is available.)

> Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au or www.horseslandandwater.com

> Horsekeeping on Small Properties in the Mt Lofty Ranges - Soil Conservation Boards in the Mt Lofty Ranges. Available from Natural Resource Centres and PIRSA offices.

> Land capability in the Mt Lofty Ranges - Soil Conservation Boards in the Mt Lofty Ranges (available from Natural Resource centres and PIRSA offices)

> Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management"- J. Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461/10

> Sustainable Land Use for Depastured Horses - RIRDC Bookshop: www.rirdc.gov.au

> Healthy Land Healthy Horses - RIRDC Bookshop: www.rirdc.gov.au

> Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers, Landlinks Press, available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA online store.

V Pastures for Horses - RIRDC bookshop: www.rirdc.gov.au

> Check the websites from your State department of agriculture for additional books and fact sheets.

© Horse SA 2005


OCM075.1/05/15


Best Practice

Approvals and permits are in place for horsekeeping and property improvements.

3 Development and related approvals

• Introduct ion

If you plan to keep horses on a property, or are considering making additions or changes to your existing horse enterprise, you may need certain types of prior approval because of State and local planning and development regulations.

It is important you contact your local Council to find out what regulations apply to your situation and what you will need to do to obtain the necessary approvals and permits for your development.

See Appendix 1 for an outline of details that apply to horse developments in South Australia.


To identify what approvals you will need for your proposed horse enterprise or property improvements, the suggested course of action {applies to South Australia) is:

Step 1

Contact your Council planner to find out about development application requirements if you are considering:

keeping horses (i.e.current land use is different) increasing horse numbers increasing horse numbers above previous approvals, or

• putting up stables, sheds and other structures including dams, or watercourse alterations.

Find out if your development is likely to be classified as complying, merit or non-complying (in SA).

You should also find out if you need to apply to any State Government agencies for permits, approvals or licences for your development. Your council planner may be able to tell you this, but you could also contact the agencies directly e.g. Water Licensing or Native Vegetation Council in the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (see links).

Step 2

Apply as soon as possible to your Council, and provide all the information that is requested.

Follow up any queries as soon as possible to minimise delays.

At present, there is a lot of variation in the information that councils ask for regarding horsekeeping development applications, so you will need to find out in detail what your council requires in your situation.

The following is a basic checklist of outcomes that you should take into consideration when planning (or modifying) a horsekeeping enterprise. These are the sort of things that councils may ask to be included in a horsekeeping development application, e.g. how you plan to:-

Prevent soil erosion.

Prevent water pollution.

Prevent an increase in pest plants, pest animals or vermin.

Prevent any significant odour production.

Pervent excessive noise.

Protect areas of significant native fauna and flora.

• Maintain the visual appeal of the area where it is located

Prior approval may be needed before additions or changes to horse enterprises.

If a dam is being considered, your Council planning officer should be

and be managed so as not to unreasonably affect adjoining properties.

Satisfactorily contain the horse in a manner safe to the horse.

Ensure the health and welfare of the horse.

Have access to safe exercise areas if horses are kept in stables or yards continuously (this may or may not be on the property).

Step 3

Apply to any other agencies (if needed) for permits or approvals. Your local Council can advise on permit requirements.This may include for any dams or native vegetation clearance that you identified in Step 1. Do this as early as possible to minimise potential delays.

Step 4

After development approval is given to you by the Council, you can proceed with your development. Any significant changes will need to go back through the planning system.

Likewise, once you have received any other approvals or permits, you can proceed with these developments.

Further advice and assistance is available through your local Council, Horse SA, Primary Industries and Resources SA, and rural consultants (see links).

© Horse SA 2005 10


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• Links

> Land Management Program advisers based in the Mt Lofty Ranges: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html

> Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au or www.horseslandandwater.com

> Local councils, SA local government association: www.lga.sa.gov.au

> Water permits (Section 9): Ph.8463 6810, Water licensing Ph. 8204 8588 or Dept of Water Land and Biodiversity: www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au

> Environmental Protection Authority: www.epa.sa.gov.au

> Native Vegetation Council, DWLBC - Ph. 8124 4744 or email [email protected]

> Planning SA (now part of Dept of Primary Industries and Resources SA): www.planning.sa.gov.au or www.pir.sa.gov.au where a Guide for Applicants - Horsekeeping can be obtained.

> Adelaide Hills Council Information Sheet - A guide for horsekeeping (September 2004)

> A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - SA Law Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)


11 © Horse SA 2005

OCM075.1/05/15


Best Practice

Horse facilities are sited and managed with consideration given to convenience and potential environmental impacts, and through open communication with neighbours.

Siting of stables, yards and intensive work areas

• Introduction

Horse property facilities such as stables, yards and exercise areas need to be well designed and managed to avoid environmental and neighbourhood problems such as:

excess odour (especially from urine), excess noise (potential concern to neighbours), rodents (attracted to stored feed and spilt feed), dust and mud, and pollution of water resources from water runoff,

(also see Management of horse feeding, watering and congregating

areas - Page 35 and Horse exercise areas and yards - Page 40).

These potential issues should be considered when you are putting up new horse facilities or upgrading existing facilities, because of their potential impacts on your neighbours, and because of certain environmental regulations {e.g. Environment Protection Act, 1993 and Environment Protection Policies and the Natural Resources Management Act, 2004).


Suggested steps to take are:-

Discuss your plans with your neighbours and if there are any issues, aim to negotiate a solution that is reasonable and meets both your needs.

Design and manage stables to control odour from urine - install an impervious floor, regularly clean stable floors and replace bedding material.

• Set up horse facilities so that runoff is not contaminated with waste and cannot pollute water resources such as creeks and dams.

Manage manure so that odour problems are avoided - regularly remove manure from stable collection bays and around intensive work areas.

Surface high horse traffic areas with a suitable material that will prevent dust or mud problems.

• Keep horse feed in sealed containers, promptly clean up spilt feed, and use baiting for rodent control. It also helps to use large containers when feeding horses so that they don't spill much feed on to the ground.

Design and locate stables, yards and ancillary buildings so that you will minimise potential noise and odour problems for your neighbours e.g.adequate buffer distance from neighbour's property/house.

• Install gutters on stables and shelters to control stormwater.

• When planning loading and unloading areas for horse floats, consider ways to minimise noise and odour for your neighbours.

Look at maintenance, re-routing or upgrades for any trails utilised around the property, to ensure that water moves off the trail and does not form pools or erosion channels.

• Links


> Horse SA:www.horsesa.asn.au or www.horseslandandwater.com

> Horsekeeping on Small Properties in the Mt Lofty Ranges - Soil Conservation Boards in theMt Lofty Ranges. Available from Natural

There are several issues to consider when siting new facilities.

Good design and management will avoid environmental and neighbourhood problems.

High traffic and heavy use areas, such as saddling up areas and arenas, should be surfaced with material which will prevent dust or mud problems.

Resource Centres and PIRSA offices.

Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management - J. Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461/10

A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - S A La w Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)

Healthy Land Healthy Horses - RIRDC Bookshop: www.rirdc.gov.au

Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers, Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA online store.

Horse Sense - available through CSIRO Publishing or Horse SA online store

© Horse SA 2005 12


OCM075.1/05/15


5 Fire prevention planning

• Introduction

The threat of fire is high for many stable yards, where the storage of hay, bedding and electrical faults can be potential causes of fires. There is a greater threat on horse properties that are located in rural areas with a high bushfire risk.

In South Australia, all rural property owners have a responsibility to undertake bushfire prevention measures on their land {Country Fires Act 1989).

The SA Country Fire Service (CFS) recommends that property owners (e.g.land size over 0.5 hectares) maintain a four metre break along boundary fence lines and around all outbuildings, and a 20 metre break around dwellings (under-storey vegetation kept at 10 cm height or less).

Local councils may give notice to a landowner requiring specific action to be taken to remedy a potential hazard. Failure to comply is an offence and the council may carry out the work and recover the cost from the landowner.


Suggested actions are:-

Develop a fire prevention plan.This should outline the work required to help safeguard your property, and what actions should be taken on high fire risk days, and if a fire threatens. Your local fire service can assist in fire training and fire information.

All property owners should be aware of and heed fire restrictions e.g.Total Fire Ban Days that apply in their districts.

Your fire prevention program may include:-

- Maintain adequate fire breaks around buildings (minimum 20 metres) and property infrastructure (minimum 4 metres), and manage excess fuel loads.

Store feed and other flammable materials safely on the property.

- Make sure fire fighting equipment is on hand, in working order, and ensure staff are capable of basic fire control.

Ensure suitable sources of water are accessible for fire fighting on the property.

- A fire emergency plan for the property. Ensure any staff or other people on the property are aware of the plan. This could include:

reporting a fire, emergency plans for spot fires and approaching bushfires, communication plans, access for fire-fighting vehicles, strategies for protection of livestock and property,

- evacuation plans, safe assembly areas for people and horses, and

- emergency first aid facilities.

In bushfire risk areas, horse property owners should consider:

How can I protect my horses and property from a

bushfire?

- What should I do when a fire threatens?

- What should I do during and after the fire?

Best Practice

A fire prevention program is documented and implemented throughout the year.

In South Australia all rural property owners have a responsibility to undertake bushfire prevention measures.

contribute to) neighbourhood and district fire plans, and these should also be understood by staff and clients of such businesses as agistment centres.

Plan for paddocks close to buildings and animals to be regularly grazed.

• Links

> Country Fire Service: www.cfs.org.au

> Country Fires Act 1989: www.parliament.sa.gov.au/legislation.html

> District councils

> Horses and bushfires - Information sheet by Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au

> Horses and bushires - Agriculture Notes, Victorian Department of

Primary Industries: www.dpi.vic.gov.au

Property managers should also cooperate with (and may

13 © Horse SA 2005


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Emergency response planning

• Introduction

Natural disasters such as flood, fire, strong winds, other weather events or an emergency disease outbreak may have the potential to occur in your area.

It is important to have an emergency response plan in place to ensure you respond to an emergency situation in a safe and effective way that will minimise harm. This is the best way to protect the family, horses and other livestock, property and assets. It is too late once the emergency starts.


Step 1

Draw up an emergency response plan for your property. You should do this together with family or staff. Assistance with emergency planning can be obtained from organisations such as the Coutry Fire Service (CFS), State Emergency Service (SES), local Council, and Department of Primary Industries and Resources SA (see links).

Your emergency response plan should cover the range of emergency situations that could potentially occur on your property, such as:

• fire, including bushfire (see Fire prevention planning - Page 13),

• flood, drought, strong winds or storm, • livestock disease outbreak, and

accidental spillage or leakage of chemicals.

The South Australian State Emergency Service has a list of basic rules for emergencies:-

1 Be aware of threats from natural disasters to life and property.

2 List numbers of all essential and emergency services shown on the inside front cover of you telephone directory for quick reference.

3 Always ensure your transistor radio (battery operated) is at hand and working.

4 When you become aware that a disaster may occur, or has occurred, listen to your radio and follow official warnings and advice.

5 Always have available a torch for emergency lighting (naked flames could cause explosions).

Best Practice

An emergency response plan is documented, communicated to all relevant people, and reviewed annually.

• Links

> Country Fire Service: www.cfs.org.au

> State Emergency Service (SA): www.sessa.asn.au

> Primary Industries and Resources SA: www.pir.sa.gov.au

> Natural Resource Management Boards in SA

> SA Environmental Protection Authority: www.epa.sa.gov.au

> Small farm: Drought planning - horses, Horses and bushfires, Horses and Floods - Agriculture Notes, Victorian Department of Primary Industries: www.dpi.vic.gov.au

> Australian Horse Industry Council website: www.horsecouncil.org.au

Step 2

Make sure all relevant people are aware of your plan - family, staff, visitors, neighbours and relevant authorities e.g. CFS.

Step 3

Test your plan (e.g. do an emergency drill). This will identify any problems within the plan and will ensure all relevant persons are aware of and have participated in the implementation of the plan.

Step 4

Review your plan every year and update it if needed.

© Horse SA 2005 14


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Management Guideliness

Whole of property management

7 Habitat for native plants and animals

• Introduction Most horse properties, particularly in rural areas, have significant native plant habitats and other areas which can be habitats for native animals, birds and fish. Properties where horses are kept can contribute valuable habitat for our dwindling native plant and animal communities.

It is important that such habitats are preserved and managed on horse properties. There may be significant opportunities to enhance habitats on the property. The planning and management of these habitat areas should be a key part of the Property Management Plan.

Landowners have responsibilities to preserve and protect native vegetation, including forest, woodland, grasslands, wetlands and watercourses.

In South Australia, if native vegetation is destroyed by grazing, this could be regarded as a form of vegetation clearance, which is regulated under the Native Vegetation Act 1991 and Native Vegetation Regulations 2003. This Act allows grazing in native vegetation provided that the type of stock, the manner and rate of grazing is the same as has occurred in the previous 10 years.

Horse owners in other States will need to check with their local authorities.

• Steps to achieve best practice The suggested steps to achieve this are as follows. These would be identified when you do a Property Management Plan.

Step 1

Look at what is already on the property - native vegetation (including trees, shrubs and grasses), creeks, wetlands etc. which could be habitats for animals, and keep an eye out for native animals and birds on your property.

You can get advice on habitats from your local council, local Landcare group, Local Action Planning group, Natrual Resources Management Board or other natural resource management organisations that may be in your area (see links for suggestions).

Step 2

Look at how you can manage and protect the habitats on your property:-

The best way to protect native vegetation from decline, and to protect watercourses etc, is to fence these areas off to keep horses and livestock out.

Control any weeds and pest animals that occur in these areas, because these can do a lot of damage to native vegetation.

If you are using pesticides and chemicals in nearby areas, look at keeping a reasonable buffer distance between the spray area and the native habitat to avoid spray drift and prevent damage to the native vegetation.

Keep to marked trails and track surface areas when exercising horses.

Some other options to consider that could help you protect significant stands of native vegetation on the property include:-

Entering into a formal Heritage Agreement on a block of native vegetation, whereby a payment is made to the property owner, and the vegetation is fenced by the agency. This is a permanent agreement that applies to the property title.

Best Practice

Existing habitats are protected and enhanced for native plants and animals.

It is important that habitats for native plants and animals are preserved and managed.

You may be able to apply for funding subsidies for fencing of existing vegetation or replanting of local native species on the property. Contact your local Landcare group, Local Action Planning group or other natural resource management organisations that may be in your area (see links). Note that in some cases an informal management agreement may apply (e..g. for 5-10 years) to the fenced area of native vegetation, depending on the policy of the funding programs.

Step 3

Consider ways you could expand or enhance the habitats on the property. You can get advice from bushcare advisers, Landcare or Local Action Planning coordinators (see links).

Some ways to do this are: plant local native species, leave fallen hollow logs, and look at expanding vegetation areas to build on wildlife corridors in your district.

• Links > Heritage Agreements, conservation of native vegetation:

www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/biodiversity/vegetation/index.html

> Bushcare advisers: Dept Environment and Heritage www.deh.sa.gov.au

> Local Action Planning groups:

www.rivermurray.sa.gov.au/lapgroups/

> Landcare groups: www.landcareaustralia.com.au/

> Natural Resources Management Boards: www.nrm.gov.au

> Legislation:www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/legislation.html or www.parliament.sa.gov.au

> Greening Australia: www.ga.org.au/GA/NAT/


© Horse SA 2005 15


OCM075.1/05/15

Best Practice

Veterinary products and chemicals (pesticides, fertilisers etc.) are stored and transported according to labels, relevant legislation and recommended guidelines.


8 Storage and transport of veterinary products and chemicals

• Introduction It is important to store and transport chemicals correctly to avoid any harmful effects to yourself, other people, your horses, your property and the wider environment.

Agricultural and veterinary products include many veterinary products,fertilisers, pesticides and fuel which may be used on horse properties.

Property managers need to be aware of, and comply with, regulations that apply to the storage and transport of chemicals and veterinary products (see links). Acts with environmental provisions place a duty of care on anyone who uses or disposes of agricultural and certain veterinary chemical products and fertilisers.

The correct procedures for safe storage and transport of chemical and veterinary products are given on the container labels, or on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) (available from retailers or manufacturers) for any product.


Suggested steps are:-

Read the labels of any veterinary or chemical products you currently have, or intend to obtain, so that you understand the correct/appropriate methods for storing and transporting them.

If you are not sure of some aspects, or need more information about any product, speak to the supplier of the product and, if it is appropriate, contact your veterinarian, Department of Primary Industries and Resources SA, or the local Natural Resources Management Board.

Check with your local Natural Resources Management Board (replacing Catchment Water Catchment Boards) if there are any guidelines that apply to using particular chemical products in your area.

Make sure you have a suitable safe, secure area to store your veterinary and chemical products, including any that are hazardous e.g. chemical storage shed with concrete floor or lockable rodent-proof cupboard.

Always transport chemical products according to the label instructions.

Work out an emergency response plan for chemical spills or leakage on your property and have spill response equipment (e.g. absorbent material) located close to the storage area. This should ensure that any spillage does not harm the environment, for example, by preventing the contamination of runoff water/stormwater or groundwater or other water resources.

• Links > Chemical user legislation and regulations including fact sheets

- PIRSA website: www.pir.sa.gov.au/sectorl 712.shtml

> Chemical Users Project: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board /Torrens Catchment Water Management Board Ph.8271 9190.

> The answer's on the label - Information Sheet. Mt Lofty Ranges watershed chemical users project: www.epa.sa.gov.au

There is a duty of care on anyone who uses or disposes and agricultural and certain veterinary chemicals.

> EPA: www.epa.sa.gov.au

> PIRSA: www.pir.sa.gov.au

> Natural Resource Management Boards (replacing Animal and Plant Control Boards and Catchment Water Management Boards)

> Mt Lofty Ranges Land Management Program: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html


© Horse SA 2005 16


OCM075.1/05/15


9 Application and disposal of veterinary products and chemicals

• Introduction It is important to use and dispose of chemicals correctly to avoid any harmful effects on yourself, other people, your horses, your property and the wider environment.

Agricultural and veterinary products include many veterinary products, fertilisers, pesticides and fuel which may be used on horse properties.

Property managers need to be aware of, and comply with regulations that apply to the use (application) and disposal of chemicals and veterinary products (see links). Acts with environmental provisions place a duty of care on anyone who uses or disposes of agricultural and certain veterinary chemical products and fertilisers. Any person using or disposing of these products needs to take appropriate measures such as observing label instructions, giving consideration to prevailing weather conditions and maintaining equipment used for applying them.

Each State of Australia will have its own Act and Regulations pertaining to agricultural and veterinary products. In South Australia, some chemical products are classified as 'Restricted' (under the Agricultural and Veterinary Products Act 2002). Only persons who are authorised and have specific qualifications and training (e.g. your veterinarian) are allowed to obtain and use these products, according to what is stated on the product label.

The correct methods for using and disposing of these products are written on the product labels, on relevant guidelines (e.g. EPA draft'Lifestyle Landholder Guideline for Pesticide Use'2005) and on the Material Safety Data sheets (MSDs) that apply to any particular product.

In some areas, there may also be codes of practices or guidelines available that specify what products can or cannot be used in particular areas such as watercourses.

In South Australia, there are a range of services available for the disposal of used chemical and veterinary product containers, such as 'Drum MUSTER', hazardous household waste disposal days in various Council areas, and the hazardous household waste depot at Dry Creek SA (EPA) (see links). Unwanted chemicals can be disposed of through the ChemClear program run by Agsafe (see link).


A suggested checklist for action is:-

Read the labels of any veterinary or chemical products you currently use, or intend to use, so that you understand the correct methods for using and disposing of them.

If you are not sure of some aspects, or need more information about any product, speak to the supplier of the product or contact your veterinarian, Primary Industries and Resources SA, Environment Protection Agency or local Natural Resources Management Board.

Check with your local Natural Resources Management Board to find out if there are any guidelines that apply to using particular chemical products in your area.

Before using any'Restricted'chemical products, make sure you have or obtain the necessary licence e.g.Chemcert or equivalent.

Best Practice

Veterinary products and chemicals (pesticides, fertilisers etc) are applied and disposed of according to labels, relevant legislation and recommended guidelines.

The correct methods for using and disposing of agricultural and veterinary chemicals are written on the product labels.

Make sure you have a suitable safe area to use for preparing and cleaning up chemical products e.g.chemical storage shed with concrete floor and sump.

Make sure you have the right sort of equipment (including safety clothing etc) for applying the products, and that it is properly calibrated and kept in good working order.

Always apply chemical products according to the label instructions. Consider weather conditions etc. when applying herbicides, for example to avoid spray drift problems.

Make sure you have the right equipment (including safety clothing) for applying products..

© Horse SA 2005


OCM075.1/05/15


• Make sure you clean and dispose of used chemical and veterinary product containers according to label instructions. Find out about and use any services available in your area to dispose of used chemical containers, such as'Drum MUSTER', 'Zerowaste', or the hazardous household waste depot at Dry Creek SA (EPA) (see links).

Use a service such as ChemClear to dispose of unused chemicals (see link).

Work out an emergency response plan for chemical spills, poisonings or leakage on your property. This should ensure that any spillage does not harm the environment e.g. not contaminate runoff water/stormwater, groundwater or other water resources.

• Links > Chemical user legislation and regulations including fact sheets

- PIRSA website: www.pir.sa.gov.au/sector1712.shtml

> EPA: www.epa.sa.gov.au

> PIRSA: www.pir.sa.gov.au

> DrumMuster: Ph. 8362 4549

> Zerowaste: www.zerowaste.sa.gov.au

> Hazardous household waste depot, Dry Creek SA (EPA) Ph. 8204 2004 or 1800 623 445.

3* ChemClear: www.chemclear.com.au

> Animal and Plant Control Boards, including fact sheets, e.g. www.mlrapcb.mtx.net

> Mt Lofty Ranges Land Management Program: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html

> Chemical Users Project: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board /Torrens Catchment Water Management Board Ph.8271 9190.

S> A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - SA Law Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)

> Poisions Information Centres: http://ausdi.hcn.net.au/poisons.html

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10 Preventing weeds entering or leaving the property

• Background Weeds on horse properties (see Weed Identification and Control and Proclaimed Pest Plants - Pages 27 and 29) are a concern because some species are toxic to horses. Weeds growing in pastures reduce the amount horses can graze as they take the place of desirable, edible pasture plants. Weeds also do environmental harm if they grow in native vegetation.

An important aspect of weed control on horse properties is the risk that weeds can be imported on to the property through:

hay, feed contaminated with weed seeds, and contractors coming in to cut hay or undertake other work.

Equally, weeds can also be exported from the property by these means. Most weeds actually don't enter properties via horses - it is usually via purchased hay, bird droppings, water and wind.

Declared (proclaimed) pest plants need to be controlled on the property, according to legislation (see Proclaimed pest plants - Page 29).

• Steps to achieve best practice It may not be possible to completely prevent weeds entering the property, but reasonable steps that can be taken are:-

First, identify any weeds that are already on the property, and make sure these are actively managed or controlled.

Find out what weeds are known to occur in your district/ region, and which would be a problem if they came on to your property.

Isolate/quarantine new horses coming onto the property for 10-14 days. It is good practice to isolate new horses for 10-14 days after arrival to ensure that they are healthy and not harbouring any disease or other problems.This will also ensure that any seeds from unknown plants present in the horse's gut system, or residue from unknown veterinary drugs, will pass through. Manure is collected and stored separately as part of the waste management and quarantine program.

It should also be noted that grooming and cleaning the hooves of horses moving off and on to properties will assist in managing the introduction of other plant diseases, such as Phytophthora (refer to Horse Alert SA/PC fact sheet [see links]) or Branched Broomrape.

When buying hay, try to get hay that is weed free, or at least that comes from a property that is known not to have a weed problem. Depending on the property size and enterprises, it may be possible to grow and cut some hay on your property. Make sure any other horse feed, or feed for other stock you get is weed free.

Designate a carpark area for visitors and entry/exit point for the property for contractors and visitors and surface it to manage erosion and act as a barrier for weed seeds.

Speak to contractors about your concerns and provide a cleaning down area for machinery if this is determined necessary.

Put up signs or use other means to communicate your weed quarantine precautions to clients, visitors etc.

1

Best Practice

An active program to prevent weeds entering or leaving the property is in place.

The paddock above was clean and extensively sprayed for five years, but one round bale purchased from a fodder store was fed into the paddock

for one week - this was the result.

The same paddock the following year... after spraying, reseeding and careful grazing management.

• Links 5> Land Management Program advisers based in the Mt Lofty

Ranges: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html

5> Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au

> Horse Alert SA: www.pir.sa.gov.au (Horse Industry Advisory Group) or www.horsesa.asn.au

> Branched Broomrape: contacts as above

'r Phytophthora: contacts as above and Dept Environment and Heritage: www.deh.sa.gov.au

> Natural Resources Management Boards (replacing Animal and Plant Control Boards), including fact sheets, e.g. www.mlrapcb.net

> Weeds of national significance: www.weeds.org.au/natsig.htm

V A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - SA Law Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)

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Best Practice

Pest animals are identified on the property, and a pest specific control program is in place.

11 Pest animals

• Introduction Many introduced animals such as rabbits,foxes, feral goats, starlings and sparrows cost many millions of dollars each year due to the harm they do to the natural environment and to primary production. Horse properties are at risk of harm from these pest animals.

Their harmful effects include grazing and destruction of vegetation, damage to crops and pastures, preying on livestock, harm to native animals and their habitats, and indirect effects such as soil erosion and decline of water quality. The presence of pest animals can also reduce the value of land.

Rabbits for example can still cause a lot of damage even in low numbers. Rabbits are still a major concern despite the impacts of the rabbit calicivirus disease. Foxes and cats are considered to be major threats to biodiversity within the Mt Lofty Ranges through their impact on native animals.

Under the Natural Resources Management Act (which replaces the Animal and Plant Control Act), rabbits, foxes, feral goats and deer are declared (proclaimed) pest animals in South Australia. Property owners have responsibilities to control pest animals.

Horse owners in other States will need to check with their local authorities in relation to what are pest animals in their areas.

• Steps to achieve best practice A suggested checklist for action is:-

• Find out what pest animals are known to occur in your district, and which of these you should be prepared to control on your property. Your local Council or Natural Resources Management Board should be able to give you this information.

Keep an eye out for and identify any pest animals on your property, including signs of their presence.

Find out from your local Council or Natural Resources Management Board the recommended methods and strategies for controlling any pest animals on your property, which will depend on your property location (e.g. properties near urban areas may need different strategies to rural areas). Carry out the recommended pest animal control strategies for each type of pest animal that applies to your property. This may mean doing particular measures at specific times of the year, or at times when pest animal numbers reach a certain level.

• Regularly monitor pest animal activity, and modify your control programs accordingly.

• Links > Natural Resources Management Boards, including fact sheets, e.g.

www.mlrapcb.net

5> Legislation:www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/legislation.html or www.parliament.sa.gov.au


> General information on pest animals in Australia: www.affa.gov.au

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Management Guideiiness Whole of property management

Best Practice

A plan exists for the suitable disposal of deceased horses.

12 Disposal of deceased horses

• Introduction Disposal of deceased horses is an important issue that horse owners should plan ahead for in order to avoid emotional and financial stress when the necessity arises.

Horses may need to be destroyed at short notice as a result of accident, illness or injury. Disposal of deceased horses both on-property and off-property should be considered.

Burying horses in watershed areas is not encouraged as the decomposition process can lead to pollutants leaching into groundwater,

• Steps to achieve best practice Suggested actions are:

Discuss with the family ahead of time what you would like to happen and prioritise options.This may include:-

burial on the property, burial off property, euthanasia by your veterinary surgeon, commercial stock collection and disposal service, transport to a slaughterhouse,

- cremation, or prior arrangement with the zoo, hunt club kennels or other business which may have requirements for a deceased horse.

Deceased horses can be appropriately buried on the property. When selecting a burial sites:

check with your local council as to its requirements, - avoid environmental impacts - locate as far away from

watercourses and sources, drainage lines and shallow groundwater as possible, and

- ensure there is enough space and spacing of pits for the number of burials required.

Plan ahead for old horses.

• Links > Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au

> Disposal of horses in SA: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/farmsupplies.htm


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Paddock management

Maintain groundcover

Pasture composition

Weed identification and control

Proclaimed (declared) pest plants

Seasonal wet areas, wet seeps and drainage lines

Steep slopes

Management of manure

Fence line tracking

Management of horse feeding, watering and congregating areas

Shade and shelter

Management of watercourses (including erosion gullies and dams)

Stock crossings

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Management Guidelines Paddock management

1 Maintain groundcover

• Introduction Groundcover on horse properties includes living plants (pasture, natural vegetation) or dry plant residues, stones or gravel etc., or even manure. It is important that there is adequate groundcover on properties to prevent the risk of soil erosion by water or wind and to reduce dust which can lead to problems with horses' health.

Soil erosion by water (i.e. rain washing soil from the paddock) can result in pollution of water in creeks and dams and cause dams to fill up with silt. Soil erosion causes loss of the most fertile part of the soil, which reduces pasture growth. Other effects of soil erosion are the build-up of soil on fences and roads, and dust storms.

Bare soil in paddocks is also a problem because it increases the risk of horses getting sand colic. Dust also increases the risk of horses getting respiratory tract infections.

On horse properties, soil erosion is most often a problem in places where horses congregate and bare spots develop as a result, such as near gateways, along fencelines, feeding areas etc. Steep slopes and watercourses are more susceptible to erosion. There is a higher risk of soil erosion when pastures are resown if the soil is cultivated or there is no plant cover.

In South Australia, property owners have a responsibility to take reasonable steps to prevent land degradation (such as soil erosion) according to the Natural Resources Management Act 2004.


Suggested steps are:

Step 1

Measure the groundcover level in your grazing paddocks at least twice a year, e.g. at the end of winter and the end of summer. Percentage groundcover means the proportion of the soil surface that is covered by plant material or similar.

One way to measure percentage groundcover is the 'wire' method (see box at right).

Best Practice

All grazing areas have ground cover of at least 70% (for soil susceptible to water erosion) or 50% (for soil susceptible to wind erosion*) at least 3cm high throughout the year.

It is important that there is adequate groundcover... to prevent the risk of soil erosion.

If the groundcover levels on grazing areas are less than adequate, this may be due to one or more reasons, such as low soil fertility or unsuitable soil pH, lack of desirable plants in pastures or aspects of pasture management such as grazing management.

Step 2

Assess soil fertility and soil pH levels.

Desirable pasture plants (see Pasture Composition - Page 25) need reasonably good soil fertility levels as well as a soil pH that is not strongly acidic.

Wire method of measuring groundcover

1 Take a straight piece of fencing wire that reaches approximately to your shoulder height.

2 Bend one end of the wire to form a handle.

3 Choose a representative path across the area you want to measure for groundcover.

4 Hold the wire at arm's length and shoulder height, with the tip straight down, but not touching the ground.

5 Looking straight ahead along the transect line, take two steps along the transect.

6 After the second step, while still looking ahead, lower the point of the wire to the ground.

7 After the wire has contacted the ground, look down and record the presence (yes) or absence (no) of surface cover directly under the point of the wire.

8 Repeat steps 4 - 7 until you have recorded 25 sample points (or more) along the transect.

9 The percentage groundcover = number of 'yes' points divided by the total number of points, then multiply by 100.

From: Field method for measuring soil suriace cover

- PIRSA Fact Sheet No. 8/2001 Agdex 571

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• Undertake regular (e.g. every few years) soil tests for fertility and pH. Advice and assistance for soil testing is available from departments of agriculture, rural merchandise outlets, rural consultants and fertiliser companies (see links).

• Apply fertiliser and/or lime, based on those soil test results Fertiliser is usually applied in April-May, and lime can be applied at any time of the year that you have access to paddocks. Pastures usually need 'maintenance' dressings of fertiliser each season to maintain good condition.

Step 3

Ensure that pastures have a good composition of desirable pasture species (also see Pasture Composition - Page 25).

Pastures that have a lot of weeds and annual plants quickly become bare over summer, whereas perennial plants give good groundcover through summer.

Identify the amount of desirable pasture plants and weeds present in your pastures. Assistance for pasture species identification and pasture management is available from rural consultants.

• If pastures are mainly weeds and/or annual species, consider re-seeding pastures with recommended pasture seed mixes. In the Adelaide Hills, it is recommended to resow pastures with 20 perennial pasture grass plants per square metre plus 60 sub-clover plants per square metre.

Control weeds where necessary (also see Weed identification and control - Page 27).

Step 4

Make sure that pastures are grazed evenly and not overgrazed.

• Consider rotational grazing of pastures. This means putting horses in a paddock only for a certain period, then moving them to another paddock to spell the pasture. For best results, grazing should start when pastures grow to 10-15 cm height, then pastures should be spelled when the pasture has been grazed down to 3-5 cm height.

Grazing pastures down below 3 cm height weakens perennial grass plants, and groundcover levels may get too low. Rotational grazing is easier if there are many smaller paddocks on the property rather than a few large paddocks. Manage excess manure in grazing paddocks (see Management of Manure- Page 33) so horses graze pastures evenly and the pasture doesn't become rank in patches. Rotate the position of feeding areas and troughs so they are always on well covered ground.

• Hand feed, stable, or consider agistment at times before groundcover levels in paddocks get too low.

Prevent fenceline 'tracking' (see Fence Line Tracking - Page 34) by using double fencing or by keeping more than one horse in grazing paddocks.

• Pay special attention to areas where horses congregate (gateways, along fence lines, feeding areas) as they are more likely to bare the soil there.

Be especially vigilant of ground cover levels in fragile areas (steep slopes, water courses, wet soil areas) as these can be damaged more easily by horses. Remove horses immediately when there are signs of damage to the pasture or before ground cover levels get low.

Also, consider surfacing roads, tracks, yards and other high horse-traffic areas to prevent erosion, dust and mud and manage stormwater runoff.

• Links > Testing soils, plants and animals for health - a guide for land owners

and managers in the Mt Lofty Ranges and Grazing in the Mt Lofty Ranges - the land management issues are available from Natural Resource Centres in the Mt Lofty Ranges and PIRSA offices.


5> Soil Conservation Board District Plans (being incorporated into Natural Resources Management Board NRM Plans)

> Legislation:www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/legislation.html

> Assessing surface cover - PIRSA Leaflet

> Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management - J. Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461/10

5> A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - S A Law Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)

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Best Practice

All grazing areas have quality pasture grasses and legumes with less than 10% weed species and no proclaimed pest plants.

2 Pasture composition

• Introduction Pastures that have good quality plants will provide the best grazing for horses, and will provide good ground cover, which will help protect the soil from erosion.

Without good pasture management, most pastures tend to deteriorate over time and become weedy where horses are grazed.

Weedy pastures provide relatively poor feed for horses. Weeds can also present risks because some weeds (e.g. Salvation Jane) are toxic to horses. Weedy pastures also tend to die off quickly in spring and don't leave much ground cover through summer-autumn. Bare patches in grazing paddocks can increase the risk of horses getting sand colic.

Good quality pastures for horse grazing should ideally consist of: 70% - 80% desirable pasture grasses, 20% - 30% legume species (see'Legumes' box below), and less than 10% weed species (no proclaimed weeds should be present).

Legumes

Examples of legume plants in pastures are subclover, medic, and lucerne. Legumes get nitrogen from the air by 'fixing' nitrogen in special nodules in their roots. Legumes growing in pastures help maintain good nitrogen nutrition in the soil, so less nitrogen fertiliser needs to be applied.

Legumes in pastures also provide nutritious feed for grazing animals.

• Steps to achieve best practice The following steps are suggested:-

Step 1

Identify the amount of desirable pasture plants and weeds present in your pastures. You can get assistance for pasture species identification and pasture management from rural consultants and advisers (see links).

If your pastures have reasonable numbers of desirable pasture plants, but there is room for improvement, good pasture management may be enough to get the right pasture composition, i.e. providing adequate soil fertility and correct grazing management - see steps 2 and 3.

If your pastures are mainly weeds and/or annual species, you will probably have to consider re-seeding pastures (step 4) as well as steps 2 and 3.

Step 2

Assess soil fertility and soil pH levels. Desirable pasture plants need reasonably good soil fertility levels as well as a soil pH that is not strongly acidic.

Undertake regular (e.g. every few years) soil tests for fertility and pH. Advice and assistance for soil testing is available from departments of agriculture, rural merchandise outlets, rural consultants and fertiliser companies.

Apply fertiliser or lime based on soil test results. Fertiliser is usually applied in April-May, and lime can be applied at any

Rotational grazing is easier if there are smaller paddocks on the property rather than a few large paddocks.

Consider re-seeding pastures with recommended pasture seed mixes.

time of the year that you have access to paddocks. Pastures usually need 'maintenance' dressings of fertiliser each season to maintain good condition.

Step 3

Make sure that pastures are grazed evenly and not overgrazed. If pastures are overgrazed or bare patches develop, this makes it easy for weeds to proliferate.

Consider rotational grazing of pastures.This means putting horses in a paddock only for a certain period, then moving them to another paddock to spell the pasture. For best results, grazing should start when pastures grow to 10-15 cm height, then should be spelled when the pasture is 3-5 cm heigh.Grazing below 3 cm height weakens perennial grasses, and groundcover levels may get too low. Rotational grazing is easier if there are many smaller paddocks on the property rather than a few large paddocks. Manage excess manure in grazing paddocks (see Management of Manure - Page 33) so horses graze pastures evenly and the pasture doesn't become rank in patches.

Slash excessively tall pasture or cut for hay.

Rotate the position of feeding areas and troughs so they are always on well-covered ground.

Consider the option of cross grazing with cattle or sheep at times when pasture growth becomes uneven.

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Control weeds in pastures (see Weed identification and control - Page 27).

Step 4

Consider re-seeding pastures with recommended pasture seed mixes.You can get assistance for choosing pasture seed mixes to best suit your property, and pasture sowing and management advice from rural consultants and advisers (see links).

Try to include perennial pasture species and legume species that are suited to your area.

In the Mount Lofty Ranges, for example, species that can be considered include phalaris, cocksfoot, kikuyu and perennial rye grass combined with a sub-clover.Within these species, there are different varieties suited to particular rainfall zones and soil types. It is recommended to resow pastures with 20 perennial pasture grass plants per square metre plus 60 subclover plants per square metre.

• If possible, re-seed pastures by'direct drilling', especially on any ground that may be at risk of soil erosion. Direct drilling is where the seed is sown along with fertiliser into unworked ground. Usually, direct drill seeding implements are designed to cut a slot just along the row where the seed is sown, and leave the soil between the rows unworked. Usually a knockdown herbicide is applied to the old pasture before it is re-seeded.

• If your pastures only lack perennial grass plants or legume plants, it may be possible to just oversow either of these into your pasture, rather than completely re-seeding the pasture. Note that horses will need to be excluded from re-seeded paddocks for most of the first year. It may be more manageable to re-seed only some paddocks each year.

On newly-sown pastures, be prepared to control red-legged earth mite otherwise this pest can quickly destroy the pasture.

• Links > Permanent pasture mixtures for the Adelaide Hills, Fleurieu

Peninsula and Kangaroo Island - PIRSA Fact Sheet Feb 1999 Agdex 135/22

> Direct Drilling of Pastures in high rainfall areas - PIRSA Fact Sheet Feb 2001 Agdex 130/23

> High rainfall pasture management calendar - by T. Prance, 2003. Rural Solutions SA


> Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management - J. Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461 /10

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Best Practice

An active pasture weed control program is in place, which is regularly monitored and reviewed.

3 Weed identification and control

• Introduction Weeds on horse properties are a concern because some species are toxic to horses, such as Salvation Jane. Weeds growing in pastures reduce the amount horses can graze as they take the place of desirable,edible pasture plants. Weeds also do environmental harm if they grow in areas of native vegetation (i.e. choke out native species).

Abundant weeds usually indicate that pasture quality is poor, and may also be an indicator of low soil fertility or acid soil. Weedy pastures tend to provide poor soil cover particularly during summer/ autumn. Also, weed-infested paddocks will produce poor quality hay containing weed seeds. In the Mt Lofty Ranges for example, weeds which compete with desirable pasture plants include dock, sorrel, wireweed and capeweed.

If there are any proclaimed (declared) weeds on the property, then these must be controlled according to legislation (see Proclaimed Pest Plants - Page 29).

Where possible, a range of methods should be used to control weeds (e.g.good weed hygiene on the property, good grazing management, re-seeding pastures) rather than just a single method (such as relying on chemical). An integrated weed control program is an important aspect of property management, and is one of the components of a property management plan.

• Steps to achieve best practice Suggested steps are:-

Weeds on horse properties are a concern because some species, such as Salvation Jane and Cape Tulip (above), are toxic to horses.


Put up signs or use other means to communicate your weed quarantine precautions to visitors.

Step 1

Regularly inspect the property for weeds and identify which weeds are present.You can get assistance and advice on weed identification and control from rural consultants and advisers, and from your Natural Resources Management Board.

Step 2

Carry out weed control programs for any problem weeds, using methods that are recommended for your area (especially proclaimed weeds). You can find this out from your Natural Resources Management Board, rural advisers or consultants. Consider using selective weed sprays in pastures (if required).

Step 3

Ensure there is good weed hygiene on the property (see Preventing weeds entering or leaving the property - Page 19).

Ensure as far as possible that any hay or feed brought on to the property is free of weeds and weed seeds.

Quarantine new horses for 10-14 days to prevent seed spread on to the property.

Clean boots, vehicle tyres etc before leaving properties visited for horse events.

Designate a carpark area for visitors and entry/exit point for the property for contractors and visitors.

Step 4

Manage pastures well (see Pasture Composition - Page 25). Good quality pastures that have mostly desirable pasture plants will tend to out-compete with most weeds.

Maintain good soil fertility and ensure soil pH does not become too acid. Do regular soil tests for fertility and pH, and apply fertiliser and/or lime according to soil test results.

Consider renovating or re-seeding pastures if the amount of desirable pasture plants is low.

Where possible, use rotational grazing of pastures (see Maintain groundcover - Page 23), and don't overgraze pastures because this makes it easy for weeds to proliferate.

Step 5

Each year, review your weed control program. Each season, monitor weeds present and numbers of weeds in pasture paddocks. Look at how successful or otherwise your weed control has been, and modify the program accordingly.

• Links > Natural Resources Management Boards, including fact sheets e.g.

www.mlrapcb.net

5> Legislation: www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/legislation.html or www.parliament.sa.gov.au

> Purple Peril Attack - Leaflet CRC for Weed Management Systems.

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> Chemical Users Project: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board /Torrens Catchment Water Management Board Ph. 8271 9190.

> Spraying Chemicals - how much is enough? - Chemical Users Project: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board /Torrens Catchment Water Management Board Ph.8271 9190.

> Accuracy: saving time and money- Chemical Users Project: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board / Torrens Catchment Water Management Board Ph. 8271 9190.

> The answer's on the label - Chemical Users Project: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board / Torrens Catchment Water Management Board Ph. 8271 9190.

3> Weeds of national significance: www.weeds.org.au/natsig.htm


> Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management - J. Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461 /10


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Management Guidel ines Paddock management

Best Practice

Proclaimed pest plants are identified and controlled.

4 Proclaimed pest plants

• Introduction In any area, there are certain pest plant species that are 'proclaimed' under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004.

Generally, pest plants are proclaimed because they are poisonous to livestock, or are particularly difficult to control and have a high potential to spread and reduce the value of land.

The actual species of plants that are declared pest plants varies in different parts of the State, and interstate. Examples of declared weeds in the Mt Lofty Ranges include gorse and blackberries. Statewide, these include golden dodder, poison ivy, perennial thistle and Rhus.

All landowners have specific responsibilities to control proclaimed weeds on their properties, and to report any of these to the relevant Natural Resources Management Board in their area.

Currently, adjoining landowners are responsible for controlling pest plants on roadsides; otherwise Natural Resources Management Boards will undertake such control with adjoining landowners liable for the costs.

Where possible, a range of methods should be used to control weeds (e.g.good weed hygiene on the property, good grazing management, re-seeding pastures) rather than just a single method (such as relying on chemicals). An integrated weed control program is an important aspect of property management, and is one of the components of a property management plan.


Suggested steps to identify and control declared weeds on the property are as follows. Control of declared pest plants should be a high priority.

Step 1

Regularly inspect the property for weeds, and identify any declared pest plants that are present. You can get assistance and advice on weed identification and control from rural consultants and advisers, and from your Natural Resources Management Board (replacing Animal and Plant Control Boards).

If you find any declared pest plants on the property, notify your Natural Resources Management Board.

Step 2

Carry out weed control programs for any problem weeds, using methods that are recommended for your area (especially proclaimed weeds) by your Natural Resources Management Board. Consider using selective weed sprays in pastures (if required).

Step 3

Ensure there is good weed hygiene on the property (see Preventing weeds entering or leaving the property - page 21).

Ensure as far as possible that any hay or feed brought on to the property is free of weeds. Quarantine new horses for 10 -14 days to prevent seed spread on to the property.

Blackberry Salva tion Jane

Generally, pest plants are proclaimed

Gorse

Clean boots, vehicle tyres etc before leaving properties visited for horse events.

Designate a carpark area for visitors and entry/exit point for the property for contractors and visitors.


Put up signs or use other means to communicate your weed quarantine precautions to visitors.

Step 4

Manage pastures well (see Pasture composition - Page 25). Good quality pastures that have mostly desirable pasture plants will tend to out-compete most weeds including pest plants.

Maintain good soil fertility and ensure soil pH does not become too acid. Do regular soil tests for fertility and pH, and apply fertiliser and/or lime according to soil test results.

Consider renovating or re-seeding pastures if the amount of desirable pasture plants is low.

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• Where possible, use rotational grazing of pastures (see Maintain groundcover - Page 23), and don't overgraze pastures because this makes it easy for weeds to proliferate.

Step 5

Each year, review your weed control program. Each season, monitor any declared pest plants present in pasture paddocks. Look at how successful or otherwise your weed control has been, and modify the program accordingly.

You can get help from your Natural Resources Management Board to accomplish this task.

• Links > Natural Resources Management Boards/Animal and Plant Control

Boards including fact sheets e.g. www.mlrapcb.net

> Legislation:www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/legislation.html or www.parliament.sa.gov.au

> Chemical Users Project: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board / Torrens Catchment Water Management Board Ph.8271 9190.


> Weed management guide - weeds of national significance - Fact Sheet series, CRC for Australian Weed Management.

> Weeds of national significance: www.weeds.org.au/natsig.htm

> A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - S A Law Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)

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5 Seasonal wet areas, wet seeps and drainage lines

• Introduction

Property owners in South Australia have a responsibility under Sections 131 and 133 of the Natural Resources Management Act 2004 to not damage watercourses and to maintain them.

Most soils get very soft when the soil is wet, with the exception of sands.

If horses or other animals have access to wet soil areas, this can cause:

'pugging' - holes left from hooves sinking into the soil, which damages soil structure and leaves a hard compacted soil when it dries out, damage to pasture plants and root systems of grasses e.g. 'skid marks', and development of bare areas which are prone to soil erosion, particularly along drainage lines.

Pugging can also increase water ponding after rainfall, which leads to build up of bacterial and algal growth on the ground. When this runs off, it can contribute to water pollution of dams and creeks.

Wet soil ('waterlogging') is mainly an issue on properties in higher rainfall areas, where certain areas of land can be wet for a number of days or weeks each year. Waterlogging mainly occurs in low lying areas, on soils with poorly draining subsoils, on areas with shallow watertables, soils around springs and seeps, and drainage lines. However, in some places sloping land can be affected by waterlogging.

In drier times of the season, there may be signs of winter waterlogging such as holes left from pugging, and sometimes by the presence of waterlogging indicator weeds such as dock.

It is important that horses are kept off seasonally wet (waterlogged) areas, wet seeps and drainage lines when the soil is wet.

• Steps to achieve best practice Suggested steps to take are:-

Step 1

Identify any areas of the property that are wet much of the year, become wet in winter or after heavy rain, including drainage lines. When you do a property management plan, you mark these areas on an overlay that shows different land classes on the property (see Property Management Plan - Page 6).

Step 2

Look at ways you can restrict horse access to these areas when the soil is wet:-

If you have a low input horse management system,you could use temporary electric fencing to cordon off wet areas in winter.

Consider permanently fencing off wet areas into separate paddocks (i.e.fencing to land class) so that horses can easily be kept out when the soil is wet. Plan to agist horses off property during wet periods.

Locate feeding and watering areas well away from areas that get wet.

Remove horses to yards and/or stables.

Best Practice

Horse access is restricted from seasonal wet (waterlogged) areas, wet seeps and drainage lines while the soil is wet and soft.

It is important horses are kept off seasonally wet areas.

Step 3

Look at ways to improve wet areas. You can get advice on this from rural consultants and advisers (see links).

On any badly pugged areas, take horses out of the paddock to spell the pasture, and re-seed pasture on these areas if it is in poor condition.

Sow waterlogging-tolerant pasture plants on wet areas.

Consider including swales (i.e. broad, low contour banks) and tree plantings to slow down, absorb and disperse excess water movement down slopes.

In some cases, waterlogging can be reduced by soil treatments (e.g. gypsum) or installation of drainage systems, but this may be costly and impractical.

If you are looking around for land for more intensive horsekeeping systems, try to select a property that doesn't have much seasonally wet land.

• Links > Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management - J. Foyel,

Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461/10


© Horse SA 2005 31


OCM075.1/05/15


6 Steep slopes

• Background Steeply sloping land on properties needs to be carefully managed as there is usually a high risk of soil erosion. It is also usually difficult to access steep land with vehicles and machinery.

Where horses have access to steep slopes, bare areas can quickly develop, and horses'hooves can rip up plant root systems under wet conditions. If horses start to'track'along fence lines down steep slopes, there is a high risk of soil erosion.

Pastures may not grow as well on steeper slopes if the soil is shallow or rocky. If the slope is too steep for fertiliser spreading, weed spraying etc, it will be more difficult to maintain a good quality pasture for horse grazing.

Steep slopes are regarded as land with an incline of 15% or more in areas up to 1,000 mm annual rainfall, and above 12% slope in areas with more than 1,000 mm rainfall.

• Steps to achieve best practice The suggested steps to achieve this are:-

Step 1

Identify any areas of steep slopes (12% - 20% or more) on your property.

You can measure slope using a clinometer (you may be able to borrow one from staff at PIRSA offices or Natural Resource Centres in the Mt Lofty Ranges).

These areas should be marked on a property map overlay (land classes) when you do a property management plan.

Step 2

Plan to restrict horse access to steep slopes, including any sloping land that has had soil erosion problems in the past.

Fence these areas off so horse access can be restricted.

• Only graze horses on these areas for short periods, if at all, when there is plenty of pasture cover, and the soil is not wet. Keep a close eye on the pasture condition and remove horses if there is any sign of low ground cover or damage to pasture plants by hooves.

Step 3

Maintain good pastures on steep slopes, i.e. ensure there is good pasture composition, and ensure soil fertility and pH levels are suitable for good pasture (see Pasture composition - Page 25).

Consider sowing or encouraging perennial native grasses on these areas to help provide a hardwearing ground cover that will last well through summer

Best Practice

Horses are restricted from steep, erosion-prone slopes.

Where horses have access to steep slopes, bare areas can quickly develop, and horses'hooves can rip up plant root systems under wet

conditions.

• Links



> Sustainable Land Use for Depastured Horses - RIRDC Bookshop www.rirdc.gov.au


> Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers. Landlinks Press, available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA online store.

> Pastures for Horses - RIRDC bookshop: www.rirdc.gov.au

> Check the websites from your State Department of Agriculture for additional books and fact sheets

© Horse SA 2005 32


OCM075.1/05/15

7 Management of manure

• Introduction Manure from grazing animals, including horses, is high in nutrients (e.g. phosphorus and nitrogen) and also contains pathogens (e.g. Cryptosporidium).The pathogens and viruses that occur in manure can cause animal health problems. Excess manure left in paddocks also increases the risk of nutrients and pathogens in manure entering and polluting watercourses and underground water, where there is water runoff.

If manure is left to build up in horse grazing paddocks, pasture growth can become tall and rank around manure pads, both due to the concentrated nutrients, and because horses avoid grazing near manure.This leads to patches of rank pasture which horses don't like to graze, while other patches of pasture can become overgrazed.This is described as 'horse sick' pasture. When this happens, there is less of the pasture that horses can graze, and bare patches are at risk of soil erosion (see Maintain groundcover- Page 23).

In South Australia, property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or onto land where it might enter the water. (Horse owners in other States will need to check requirements with their local Councils.)

• Steps to achieve best practice Suggested actions are:

Regularly collect manure from areas where it tends to build up, such as yards, shelters, feeding areas etc. Options to deal with the manure include:

composting it yourself for sale or re-use on the property, selling it in bags, having it removed by a waste disposal company or by Council arrangement, having it collected to be composted by a composting company or community organisation which may want horse manure, e.g. Community Gardens, or use Horse SA 'poo pile online' (see links).

Consider harrowing manure in paddocks when there is a build-up of manure, to spread it out and break up the pads.

Keep lactating mares and foals away from watercourses as their manure can contain significant concentrations of pathogens and viruses.

In higher rainfall areas, encourage dung beetles (see links).

If pasture growth is uneven with rank patches, consider slashing the pasture or cutting hay from the paddock.

It is not be necessary for all manure to be removed from paddocks. Manure is a natural fertiliser, and what is kept helps maintain soil fertility and therefore pasture health.The aim is to remove it often enough from paddocks/yards or manage it so that the problems mentioned above do not occur.

• Links >> Legislation:www.epa.sa.gov.au/legislation.html

>» Land Management Program advisers: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html

> Community gardens: www.communitygarden.org.au

33


Best Practice

Action is regularly taken to prevent build-up of manure in paddocks.

Manure left in paddocks increases the risk of nutrients and pathogens in the manure entering and polluting watercourses and underground

water.

Harrowing with a2x6m piece of construction mesh.

> Poo pile online and links to composting horse manure: Horse SA website: www.horsesa.asn.au

> Horse Poo - What to Do - information brochure which can be downloaded from www.horsesa.asn.au

5> Dung beetles and Identifying dung beetles on the Fleurieu Peninsula - by B. Doube and G. Dalton - leaflets available from Mt Lofty Catchment Centre, Mount Barker Ph.8391 7500.


3> A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - SA Law Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)

> Manure Management on Small Properties - AgWest Farmnote 21 /98 Western Australia Department of Agriculture

> Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers. Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au

> Horse Sense - Landlinks Press or from Horse SA www.horsesa.asn.au

> Check the websites from your State Department of Agriculture for additional books and factsheets

© Horse SA 2005


OCM075.1/05/15


8 Fence line tracking

• Introduction Horses tend to walk along paddock fence lines, particularly if a horse is left in a paddock by itself and there are horses in the next paddock. This concentrated hoof traffic wears down the pasture along the fence, resulting in a bare strip and eventually a hollow track along the fence - this is called 'tracking'.

Bare strips and gutters from tracking can cause rain to funnel and cause erosion. In some cases this can also cause the fence to collapse. Tracking is a more serious issue on steeper slopes because of the high risk of soil erosion.


Suggested actions to avoid fence line tracking are:-

Keep horses in pairs or herds - avoid having single horses in adjacent paddocks.

Consider the behaviour of horses "left behind" when a mate goes out for a ride. Often serious environmental damage lasting years can be caused over an hour by a stressed horse. Yarding, tying up or placing a temporary friend in the paddock may be options to consider. Regularly'spell'grazing paddocks by rotational grazing.

Consider constructing double fencing between paddocks if tracking is a problem. It also helps to establish a shelterbelt in the strip between the double fences and if located on the boundary, can assist with disease, weed and fire manangement.

• Look at using temporary electric fencing around areas that are susceptible to tracking.

Maintain good, hard wearing pastures (see Maintain groundcover and Pasture composition - Page 23 and 25) that can help resist tracking.

Suggested actions to repair areas damaged by tracking are:-

Remove horses, then fill in the depressions and resow pasture on the area if hollows from tracking are evident. Consider options to prevent tracking on these areas in future e.g. put in barriers (rocks etc) to alter direction of horse tracks away from fencelines.

Fill in the tracking lanes with quarry rubble or other hardened surface to prevent further erosion.

• Links > Land Management Program advisers based in the Mt Lofty




> Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers. Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA online store.

> Check the websites from your State department of agriculture for additional books and fact sheets

Best Practice

No fence line tracking is evident on the property.

Concentrated hoof traffic wears down the pasture along the fence, resulting in a bare strip and eventually a hollow track along the fence.

© Horse SA 2005 3 4


OCM075.1/05/15


Best Practice

Horse feeding, watering and congregating areas are managed to prevent dust, mud and erosion.

Management of horse feeding, watering and congregating areas

• Introduction Areas where horses congregate, such as hand feeding areas, water troughs, gateways and shelters have a lot of hoof traffic which can quickly wear down pasture, leaving bare and unstable soil.

These areas can have problems with mud and dust, and are more susceptible to soil erosion, soil compaction and pugging. Bare soil in grazing or feeding areas increases the risk of horses getting sand colic. Dust also increases the risk of horses getting respiratory tract infections. There can also be a build-up of manure in these areas. Soil erosion and water runoff from these areas can lead to pollution of watercourses, including dams and creeks.

Property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or on to land where it might enter the water.



If hand feeding is done in paddocks, select your location carefully - avoid clay or sand or low lying areas that tend to get wet or drain directly into watercourses.

Consider permanently surfacing the heavy horse traffic areas.

Rotate the position of hand feeding areas in paddocks so they are always on stable ground, to prevent areas becoming bare.

Locate water troughs on stable ground away from paddock corners.

Locate feeding areas and water troughs etc away from areas that drain directly into watercourses, to minimise the risk of water pollution.

Lay down rubber conveyor belt matting or other "pad" material which will both provide surface protection and prevent feed getting mixed with dirt.This type of surface can also be moved around to suit.

• Links 5> Legislation: www.epa.sa.gov.au/legislation.html

5> Land Management Program advisers based in the Mt Lofty Ranges: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html

> Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au


> A Legal guide for South A ustralian primary producers - S A La w Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)


5> Horse Sense- Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au

Mil

Areas where horses congregate have a lot of hoof traffic which can quickly wear down pasture, leaving bare and unstable soil.

Rubber conveyor belt matting or other "pad"material will both provide surface protection and prevent feed getting mixed with dirt. This type of

surface can also be moved around to suit.


35 © Horse SA 2005


OCM075.1/05/15

Management Guidel ines Paddock management

10 Shade and shelter

• Introduction Horses that are not kept in stables need some form of protection against sun, wind, rain and extremes of temperatures. Shade and shelter can be natural (e.g. trees) or artificially provided by a paddock shelter.

Horses tend to congregate in shelter and shade areas, and the concentrated hoof traffic can wear out the pasture cover resulting in mud, dust and erosion problems (see Management of horse feeding, watering and congregating areas - Page 35).

In addition, rainfall runoff from the roof of paddock shelters can cause erosion problems if this is not well considered in shelter design.


Suggested actions are:

• Locate shelters on stable ground where possible - i.e. avoid slopes, clay or sand or low lying areas that get wet.

• Build shelters with a non-erodible surface (e.g. concrete, compacted quarry rubble, or commercial horse rubber flooring on a base), and fit gutters to control stormwater.

If dust or mud is an issue, surface high traffic areas around shade and shelter with dolomite or alternative material, such as quarry rubble, to stabilise the soil.

Consider shelters which are movable, so if you are unsure if the location you have first selected will be the best, the shelter can be moved, or the shelter can be moved as part of your paddock management.

Feed the horse in the shelter to keep feed dry and to encourage maximum impact (time spent by the horse in one spot) to be concentrated on a durable surface

• Links > Land Management Program advisers based in the Mt Lofty



> Horse Sense - CSIRO



> Horse Sense- Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au


Best Practice

Paddock shade and shelter areas are designed and managed to prevent dust, mud and erosion.

Shade and shelter can be natural or artificial.

© Horse SA 2005 3 6


OCM075.1/05/15


11 Management of watercourses (including erosion gullies and dams)

• Introduction Property owners have a responsibility under Sections 131 and 133 of the Natural Resources Management Act2004 to not damage watercourses and to maintain them.

When horses are allowed access to watercourses, including creeks, dams, or erosion gullies, their hooves can easily disturb the fragile ground in these areas and lead to further erosion problems and disturbance of watercourse beds and banks.

Manure left in these areas, or which has been allowed to build up on slopes directly running off into a watercourse, can also pollute the watercourses as nutrients and pathogens run off, especially during periods of heavy rain.

Research has shown that young animals, including foals on lactating mares, can affect water quality through the introduction of Cryptosoridium and Giardia from their manure. Careful consideration needs to be given to planning the design and layout of paddocks on properties with foals, and rotational grazing rosters to ensure that lactating mares are not left with foals in paddocks without protected creeklines.

Studies have shown that livestock do better when fed on reticulated water than water from creeks and dams during summer, when these supplies become limited and higher concentrations of salts and other nutrients affect the taste of the water.

Horse riders on trails need to consider bringing water in a (collapsible) bucket from the creek to the horse, to avoid streambank damage.

Property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or onto land where it might enter the water.

• Steps to achieve best practice Suggested actions are:-

• Plan to fence off watercourses and riparian areas (at least 5 metres width from edge of watercourse), dams, erosion gullies etc as part of the property management plan.

Plan to set up a reticulated water system on the property, which feeds to water troughs rather than allowing horses to access dams and creeks.

Manage access to and/or across watercourses, e.g. stock crossing points or dam entry points.

• Links 5> Legislation:www.epa.sa.gov.au/legislation.html

5> Land Management Program advisers based in the Mt Lofty Ranges: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/services.html


37

Best Practice

Watercourses are fenced to restrict horse access.

Plan to fence off watercourses and riparian areas

Hooves can easily disturb the fragile ground in these areas and lead to further erosion problems and disturbance of watercourse beds and

banks.


3> A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - SA Law Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)


J> Horse Sense- Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au

5> Check the websites from your State department of agriculture for additional books and fact sheets

© Horse SA 2005


OCM075.1/05/15

Best Practice

Stock crossings are selected and designed to prevent stream bed and stream bank erosion.


12 Stock crossings

• Introduction

If horses are allowed to walk across, congregate or play and frolic through watercourses, their hooves can easily disturb the fragile ground in these areas and lead to erosion problems and disturbance of stream beds.

Manure left in these areas can also pollute the watercourses. Research has shown that young animals, including foals on lactating mares, can affect water quality through the introduction of Cryptosoridium and Giardia from their manure.

Horse riders on trails need to also consider selecting the best crossing points for creeks and to ride straight across. Damage is done when horses are permitted to paw and play in the water, greatly disturbing the creekbed.

In South Australia, Property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or on to land where it might enter the water.

Also, in South Australia, watercourse crossings are regarded as a "water affecting activity" under the Natural Resources Management Act so advice should be sought. You will need to apply for a permit from Water Licensing, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (see Development and related approvals - Whole of Property Management - Page 10 and links).


Where horses need to be able to cross watercourses on the property, crossings should be carefully sited, designed and constructed and positioned to prevent harm to the watercourse. It may be an option to use natural crossings i.e. places that have a hard base or stable base of rocks.

As a general guideline, stock crossings should be constructed to minimise impact on the watercourse.

If a constructed stock crossing is required, make sure: you get advice and approval from the Department of Land, Water and Biodiversity Conservation before starting construction, and you construct the crossing according to specifications that are suited to the flow dynamics of the watercourse and your budget.

Also: control horse access to the crossing, for example by installing gates at the entry/exit of the crossing.

Culverts are another option, although these are likely to be more expensive to construct.

•

HHHHHIIHHIHHMHHIiHHMMMII ^HH

Stock crossings should have a stable, hard base that will not erode - e.g. bed of rocks, or hardened bed.

> Legislation: www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/legislation.html or www.epa.sa.gov.au/legislation.html






> Horse Sense - Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au


• Links

> Livestock management: construction of livestock crossings -Water Notes, Water and Rivers Commission, Western Australia: www.wrc.wa.gov.au

> Guidelines for the assessment of water affecting activities - culvert construction - Scholz, G. (Dept Water Land and Biodiversity Conservation). Available from EPA Watershed office, Stirling S.A.

> Water Licensing, Dept of Water Land and Biodiversity Conservation, Ph. 8204 8588

© Horse SA 2005 3 8


OCM075.1/05/15

Management for intensive horsekeeping

Horse exercise areas and yards

Stable/yard waste storage

Cleaning and disposal of waste in intensive horsekeeping areas

Storage of feed

Cleaning out horse floats and trucks

Wash down areas


39

OCM075.1/05/15

Management Guidel ines Management for intensive horsekeeping

Best Practice

Intensive horse areas are managed to prevent dust, mud and manure build-up, and stormwater/watercourse pollution.

Horse exercise areas and yards

Introduction

Intensively used areas on horse properties such as stable yards, arenas and horse yards have a lot of hoof traffic on the ground. Unless the ground on these areas is stable or surfaced with a hard-wearing material, there may be problems with mud, dust and soil erosion.

Bare soil in grazing or feeding areas increases the risk of horses getting sand colic. Dust also increases the risk of horses getting respiratory tract infections.

Often these traffic areas also form part of a workplace and there is the consideration of the safety of workers, volunteers and visitors to your stableyard.

Manure build-up, storage and management is also an issue in these areas. Soil erosion and water runoff from these areas can lead to pollution of watercourses, including dams and creeks if management regimes and facilty design features are not put into place.

Under wet, muddy conditions, pugging (paw holes) of soil can occur in these areas. This increases water ponding after rainfall and leads to build-up of bacterial and algal growth which can contribute to pollution of dams and creeks downstream.

In South Australia, property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or onto land where it might enter the water.

Intensively used areas on horse properties have a lot of hoof traffic on the ground and there may be problems with mud, dust and soil erosion.

Steps to achieve best practice


• Surface these areas with materials such as horse rubber matting, sand, asphalt, cement or quarry rubble, or alternatively establish a hard-wearing grass such as kikuyu.

Regularly collect and remove manure from stables, yards and other areas where it tends to build up. Work out ways to dispose of or use the manure, such as selling it in bags, having it removed by a waste disposal company, or having it collected to be composted by a composting company.

• Have 'stableyard rules' about pathways and areas to be used for the leading, grooming and attendance to horses. No rules (especially on busy agistment centres, riding schools or studs) leads to degradation of the whole stableyard area.

Links


3> Legislation:www.epa.sa.gov.au/legislation.html

> Horse SA www.horsesa.asn.au

> Hoofprints-A manual for Horse Property Management - J. Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461/10


> Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers, Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA online

store.



© Horse SA 2005 4 0


OCM075.1/05/15

Management Guidelines Management for intensive horsekeeping

2 Stable/yard waste storage

Introduction

Manure from grazing animals, including horses, is high in nutrients (e.g. phosphorus and nitrogen) and may also contain pathogens (e.g. Cryptosporidium). Manure from foals (as with all young animals) contains higher levels of pathogens than faeces from adult horses.

Horse manure and soiled bedding from stables and yards can pollute watercourses and other water resources via water runoff, if the waste facilities are not well sited and designed.

Good waste storage and management is also important to avoid odour problems, which could offend neighbours.

Apart from that, it can build up and become unsightly.

In South Australia, property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or on to land where it might enter the water.


Suggested actions that can be taken are:

Check whether your local council has any specific regulations or requirements for horse waste storage.

Consider putting in manure bays, or alternative structures that can safely contain manure and soiled bedding. Choose a type of bedding for which it is easy to manage disposal.

Well designed manure bays should: be roofed, to prevent rain falling on the waste and creating runoff that is loaded with nutrients and pathogens which could pollute watercourses, be sited away from watercourses to avoid the risk of water pollution, and

- allow good access by vehicles or other machinery etc used in disposal of the waste or transfer to composting areas.

Regularly remove manure from the bays, then consider: selling it in bags, having it removed by a waste disposal company or by Council arrangement,

- composting manure yourself for sale or re-use on the property, having it collected to be composted by a composting company or community organisation who may want horse manure, e.g. community gardens, or use horse SA 'poo pile online' (see links) For example, some properties have arrangements with waste disposal companies to fill removable lidded bins that meet these requirements (also see Cleaning and disposal of waste in intensive horsekeeping areas - Page 42).

Links

5> Legislation: www.epa.sa.gov.au/legislation.html

> Local councils


r- Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au

41

Best Practice

Horse manure and soiled bedding are stored in a manner that prevents runoff entering or escaping from the area.

Consider putting in manure bays, or alternative structures that can safely contain manure and soiled bedding.

3> Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management - J. Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461/10

> A Legal guide for South Australian primary producers - S A Law Society, available from PIRSA offices, Natural Resource Centres (but note some legislation referred to is now superseded)




© Horse SA 2005


OCM075.1/05/15


Best Practice

Intensive horsekeeping areas are regularly cleaned and wastes disposed of appropriately.

3 Cleaning and disposal of waste in intensive horsekeeping areas

Introduction

Manure from grazing animals, including horses, is high in nutrients (e.g. phosphorus and nitrogen) and may also contain pathogens (e.g. Cryptosporidium). Manure which is allowed to build up can affect water quality. Manure from foals (as with all young animals) contains higher levels of pathogens than faeces from adult horses.

Manure can quickly build up in intensive horsekeeping areas such as stables, yards and small paddocks. A build-up of manure can lead to:

risk of pollution of watercourses through water run-off, • uneven pasture growth (see Management of manure - Page

33), and risk of horses becoming infected by internal parasites.

In addition, urine build-up in stables and yards causes excessive urine smell. Urine contains ammonia, and if it is allowed to build up it can put horses at risk of respiratory system and eye problems.

Good waste management is also important to avoid odour problems, which could offend neighbours.

In South Australia, Property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or onto land where it might enter the water.

Horse owners in other States will need to check with their local authorities.



Regularly clean stables so that waste does not build up, and regularly remove manure from yards and small paddocks.

Ensure that wastewater from cleaning these areas does not go into stormwater drains or into watercourses. It should be either directed to a suitable surface soakage area, to a trade waste connection, or collected and taken away by a licensed liquid waste contractor.

Regularly dean stables so that waste does not build up.


3> Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers, Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA online store.

> Horse Sense- Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au


Links



> Hoofprints - A manual for Horse Property Management-). Foyel, Primary Industries SA. Agdex 461/10

© Horse SA 2005 42


OCM075.1/05/15

4 Storage of feed

Introduction

Feed storage areas can attract vermin and pests due to the availability of food, and are also good nesting and breeding areas. Vermin (rats, mice) and pests can carry diseases, spoil the feed, and damage storage areas.

Horse feed can spoil if it is not kept in a dry, sealed environment.

In addition, stored feed such as hay can be a fire risk.


Select feed storage containers that will keep feed dry and prevent entry of vermin.

Lay bait for vermin around feed storage areas.

Store feed away from stables to minimise the fire risk.

Links


5> Horse SA: www.horsesa.asn.au


5> Managing Horses on Small Properties - by Jane Myers, Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA online store.




Best Practice

Horse feed is stored in dry, sealed containers and is not accessible to vermin.


4 3 © Horse SA 2005

OCM075.1/05/15

Best Practice

Horse transport vehicles are cleaned out with waste collected and contained for disposal.


5 Cleaning out horse floats and trucks

Introduction

Manure, urine and uneaten feed in horse floats and trucks contains nutrients and pathogens. There is the risk of polluting water resources if horse floats and trucks are cleaned out where the runoff could enter stormwater drains (e.g. on footpaths, streets or drains) or watercourses.

Property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or on to land where it might enter the water.



• Clean out horse trucks and floats by sweeping initially, then Clean out horse trucks and floats by sweeping initially, then using a using a minimal amount of water if they need to be washed minimal amount of water if they need to be washed clean. clean.

Commercial transport operators or private vehicles which carry stock from a range of properties or a number of species should consider additional cleaning options to minimise the spread of disease.

• Dispose of the collected residues appropriately. For example dry waste could be: - sold in bags, - removed by a waste disposal company or by Council

arrangement, - composted on-site for sale or re-use on the property, - collected to be composted by a composting company or

community organisation who may want horse manure, e.g. community gardens, or

- removed via horse SA"poo pile online" (see links)

• Wastewater should be either directed to a suitable surface soakage area, to a trade waste connection, or collected and taken away by a licensed liquid waste contractor.

Links

> Legislation:www.epa.sa.gov.au/legislation.html







© Horse SA 2005 4 4


OCM075.1/05/15

Management Guidel ines Management for intensive horsekeeping

Best Practice

Waste water from wash down areas does not enter watercourses or stormwater drains.

6 Washdown areas

Introduction

Wash water from washing down horses, including products used for washdown, contains potential pollutants, and can pollute water resources if allowed to go into stormwater drains or watercourses.

In South Australia, Property owners also have responsibilities under legislation (Environmental Protection Authority's Environmental Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003) to avoid discharging or depositing waste or pollutants into any waters, bores or on to land where it might enter the water.


Suggested actions are:

Locate wash down areas where wash water cannot enter watercourses or stormwater drains. This could be done on well grassed areas that are well away from watercourses etc where the wash water is fully absorbed into the ground.

Consider using shampoos or products that are biodegradable.

Note that some local councils may have requirements for the wastewater to go into a sump, septic system or closed evaporation trenches - so you should find out what your Council requires.

Links





> Horse Sense - Landlinks Press available through CSIRO publishing or Horse SA www.horsesa.asn.au


Locate wash down areas where wash water cannot enter watercourses or stormwater drains.


45 © Horse SA 2005

OCM075.1/05/15

Management Guidelines App. 1 - Development and related approvals in SA

Appendix 1 Development and related approvals in South Australia

Development approval for horsekeeping In South Australia, you may need development approval from your local Council (under the Development Act) to:-

• Keep horses on the land, if the previous land use was different, or to increase the number of horses kept.

• Put up structures including stables, sheds or arenas. • Undertake 'water affecting activities' including construction

of dams, bores, or to make alterations to watercourses including enlargement of dams.

• Horsekeeping is defined under the Development Act 1993 (Schedule 1) in South Australia as: "the keeping or husbandry of horses where more than one horse is kept per three hectares of land used for such purposes or where hand feeding of a horse is involved"

If you can provide evidence that horses have been kept on the property (i.e. more than one horse per three hectares [approx. 7.4 acres] of land) in the past, your Council may recognise you have 'existing use rights' so that you don't need to apply for a development application for change of land use for horsekeeping.

'Existing use' is generally defined as the type of land use that has occurred more or less continuously over a period of years up to the present, but different councils have different dates and specifications for this.

Any development application for horsekeeping falls into one of three categories, termed:

• complying, • merit, or • non-complying.

Each council's Development Plan outlines the areas where horsekeeping developments fail into each of these categories.

• Complying development: Where a horsekeeping application is classed as a'complying'development, approval will be granted.

• Merit developmentWhere a horsekeeping application is classed as merit, the council may impose certain conditions which must be addressed in the application. It may be helpful to have a land management property plan (see Page 6) prepared that shows that'best practice'standards of environmental management and horse management will be used.

• Non-complying development:Where a horsekeeping application is classed as a 'non-complying' development it can be more difficult to get approval. The council will usually ask for evidence (Statement of Effect) of how the proposed enterprise will meet the principles in its Development Plan that apply to the zoning (e.g. rural, rural living etc) that the property lies in. It may be helpful for a detailed land management property plan (see Page 6) to be prepared that shows that 'best practice' standards of environmental management and horse management will be used.

To find out more, contact the Planning Department at your local Council office.

Other approvals and permits To construct or alter a well or bore in South Australia, a permit is needed from Water Licensing, Department of Water Land and Biodiversity Conservation. A permit will also be needed for any 'water affecting activity'on a floodplain or in a watercourse, including stock crossings.

Within the Mt Lofty Ranges watershed and any prescribed surface water area, either a permit is required from the Minister (Conservation) or a development approval is required from the local council for building or enlarging dams.

Some types of more intensive stabling of horses may require council approval in some areas.

Clearance of any native vegetation in South Australia requires approval from the Native Vegetation Council, under the Native Vegetation Act 1991. Native vegetation is defined as all local native species including small ground covers and native grasses. Some exemptions apply to certain types of clearance for fire control, fences etc but these should be clarified with the Native Vegetation Council (Department of Water Land and Biodiversity Conservation).

Contacts: > Water permits (Section 127):Ph.8463 6810,Water licensing

Ph. 8204 8588 Dept of Water Land and Biodiversity -www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au

> Native Vegetation Council, DWLBC - Ph. 8124 4744 or email [email protected]

> Planning SA (now part of Dept of Primary Industries and Resources SA) - www.planning.sa.gov.au or www.pir.sa.gov.au where a'Guide for Applicants - Horsekeeping'can be obtained.

> Adelaide Hills Council Information Sheet - A guide for horsekeeping (September 2004)

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Management Guidelines App. 1 - Development and related approvals in SA

Horsekeeping is defined under the Development Act 1993 Regulations as meaning:

"the keeping or husbandry of horses where more than one horse is kept per three hectares of land for such purposes or where the hand feeding of a horse is involved"

1 Horsekeeping should not: (a) occur on land with steep slopes in high rainfall areas, (b) be located on poorly-drained land, land when subject to

waterlogging or land when subject to inundation or flooding, or

(c) result in the removal of native vegetation. 2 Horsekeeping should not be developed unless provision is made

for the management of wastes without environmental, health or water pollution risk.

3 Horsekeeping should not detrimentally affect the character or amenity of its locality or cause unacceptable nuisance to community or the environment by way of: (a) the disposal of water and waste products, (b) any risk to health and wellbeing of the community, (c) the generation of noise, dust, odour, effluent and other similar

obnoxious conditions, (d) destruction of surface vegetation and soils, or (e) inadequate security precautions being taken to prevent

straying of animals from the land. 4 All stables and other auxiliary structures should be sited so that

(a) they meet Local Council planning requirements with respect to watercourses, dams and land subject to inundation or flooding by a 100-year ARI event.

5 Watercourses and dams should be fenced to minimise animal access.

7 Stormwater runoff should be directed around buildings and directed away from horsekeeping areas (horsekeeping yards, stables and intensive exercise areas).

8 Waste water from wash down areas or stables should be directed on to vegetative filters or to a suitable waste water system.

9 Development in the form of horsekeeping that requires stables (enclosed) or shelters (at least one open side) or horsekeeping yards should ensure: (a) the stables are large enough for the horse to lie down, get up

and comfortably turn around and have adequate clearance above the horse's head so the horse's health and safety is not adversely affected,

(b) stables and yards are constructed of suitable materials that are safe for the horse,

(c) the stables have adequate cross ventilation to prevent condensation,

(d) the stables are sited so as not to unreasonably affect dwellings on adjoining properties,

(e) the stables are sited according to council requirements with respect to distances from watercourses and dams,

(f) the stable and shelter floor surfaces are above the natural ground level and suitably graded for drainage purposes,

(g) the stable floor is kept dry by the provision of adequate bedding and daily removal of damp bedding and manure,

(h) the yards have a well-drained, non-erodable surface, (i) the manure is to be removed from stables and small yards on

a daily basis and from large yards regularly, (j) the stables will have gutters and downpipes to remove

stormwater away from the structure, (k) the yards and stables will be protected from stormwater

intrusion by suitably constructed drains, (I) any stable or shelter is constructed of kick-proof material to a

minimum height of 1.2 metres, (m) grain feed is stored in vermin-proof containers, and

(n) stables, horse shelters and horsekeeping yards are constructed on a prepared site which has a fall of no greater than 1-in-10.

10 Intensive exercise areas should: (a) be surfaced and managed so the surface does not erode or

produce dust when used, (b) be designed so that surface runoff water will be controlled,

and (c) have manure regularly removed to prevent build-up.

11 Horsekeeping should ensure: (b) the maintenance of 70% surface cover (plant residues) of at

least 3 cm height in all paddocks subject to water erosion, and 50% surface cover in paddocks subject to wind erosion,

(c) the removal or harrowing of manure in paddocks as necessary,

(d) the protection of areas of native vegetation from degradation, and

(e) the provision for removal of horses off paddocks if paddocks have less than the required ground cover or are waterlogged or at risk of becoming degraded in any way.

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Management Guidelines Glossary

Glossary

Annual (plant) - plant that completes a full life cycle within a year, i.e. germinates, grows, flowers, sets seed then dies.

Buffer zone - area of land used or designed to isolate one area of land from another so that adverse effects arising from one area do not affect the other.

Carrying capacity - also called 'nutritional potential' - standardised estimate of the number of livestock that can be maintained on good quality rain-fed pasture on a given area of land - see 'dry sheep equivalent'.

Clay (soil) - soil containing mostly small (fine) particles including at least 30% clay particles, which behaves much like plasticine.

Direct drilling - sowing a crop or pasture into uncultivated ground.

Dry sheep equivalent (DSE) - the number of dry adult sheep that can be kept on one hectare of good dryland pasture without supplementary feeding year after year.

Enterprise - type of land use activity e.g. horse stud, dairy.

Erosion - physical breaking down or wearing away of the land surface by rain, running water or wind.

Fence line tracking - development of a worn or bare strip of ground, sometimes developing into a furrow, along a fence line caused by horses walking back and forth along the fence line.

Ground cover - any material on the soil surface e.g. pasture, crop, stubble/residue, stones, manure, mulch.

Harrow - light tillage implement with tynes or fingers designed to operate at shallow depth, for example 1-5 cm.

Herbicide - chemical that weakens growth of or kills plants.

Horsekeeping - defined in the Development Act as "the keeping or husbandry of horses where more than one horse is kept per three hectares of land used for such purposes or where hand feeding of a horse is involved"

Land degradation - decline in the quality of natural resources, commonly caused by human activities.

Land capability - ability of land to sustain a particular type of land use or land management activity without suffering degradation.

Legume - type of plant that can get nitrogen from the air, by using nitrogen'fixing'bacteria in nodules on its roots.

Lime - a naturally occurring calcareous material used to raise the pH of acid soils, and to supply the nutrient calcium for plant growth.

Native vegetation - plants that are native to a particular area (indigenous) including trees, shrubs, grasses, wetland plants etc.

Nutritional potential - see 'carrying capacity' and 'dry sheep equivalent'.

Perennial plant - plant that is capable of living for many years, usually has more active growth at certain times of the year and is relatively dormant at other times.

Pesticide - general term for a chemical or substance that weakens or kills animal or plant pests.

pH - measure of acidity or alkalinity, such as in soil. pH = 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, more than 7 is alkaline (standard measurement in water).

Pollution (water) - contamination of water by any undesirable substance such as the result of human activity. Could include

nutrients, soil particles, chemicals etc.

Ponding - pooling of water in depressions in the soil surface, such as holes left by animal hooves (pugging).

Pugging - holes left in the surface of land, such as animal hoofs on wet soil.

Rotational grazing - grazing management system where individual paddocks are alternately grazed then rested (spelled), with grazing animals moved from one paddock to another, to maximise pasture grazing and keep adequate groundcover on pastures on the property.

Runoff - rainfall that does not immediately soak into the ground and flows over the surface.

Salinity - salt-affected land where there is enough salt in the soil to reduce plant growth or kill plants.

Sand (soil) - soil consisting of mostly sand (coarse) particles.

Seeps - areas where water within the soil profile comes to the surface.

Shelterbelt - area of trees or shrubs (natural or planted), usually in the shape of a long strip, intended to create shelter for grazing animals or crops from wind.

Soil erosion - detachment and movement of soil by the action of rain, running water or wind.

Soil fertility - level of nutrients in the soil that are needed for plant growth.

Steep land - generally regarded as land with an incline of 20% or more.

Watercourse - any river, stream, creek or channel where water flows at least some of the time.

Waterlogging - soil condition where the ground is completely wet and water may lie on the surface.

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PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ACT 2005 (as amended)

SHIRE OF SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE


AMENDMENT NO. 190

The Council of the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale, under and by virtue of the powers conferred upon it in that behalf by the Planning and Development Act 2005 (as amended), hereby amends the Town Planning Scheme No. 2 by:

1. Amending the special provisions applicable to Lot 224 Orton Road, Oakford (RL24; No. 22) under Appendix 4A - Rural Living A Zone as follows:

NO SPECIFIED AREA OF LOCALITY

SPECIAL PROVISIONS TO REFER TO (a)


AMD 110 CC 28/8/07

AMD 190 GG DD/MM/YY





Ancillary Accommodation Home Occupation Rural Use Stables (horooo aro prohibitod) (refer clause 15 below)

All other uses are prohibited.

In exercising its discretion in respect to AA uses, the Council having regard to the Planning Guidelines for Nutrient Management shall only permit such uses when it is satisfied following consultation with government agencies that the land use does not involve excessive nutrient application or clearing of land.

2. No dwelling shall be approved by the Council unless it is connected to an effluent disposal system as approved by the Department of Health with an adequate capacity, as determined by the Department of Environment, and with the base of the system or the

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modified irrigation area being the required distance above the highest known water table.



5. The subdivider shall place notifications on the certificates of title for each lot advising prospective purchasers that tho kooping of horooo io not pormittod. Tho kooping of othor ctock ohall bo at tho diocrotion—of Council.—of the restrictions relating to the keeping of horses.

6. The subdivider shall prepare and implement a Landscape/Revegetation Plan in accordance with the endorsed Subdivision Guide Plan for this estate including any modifications as deemed necessary by Council. This plan shall address the planting of indigenous trees and shrubs of a species and at a density, distribution and location to the satisfaction of Council, prior to the transfer of lot(s) to a new owner.

7. The subdivider shall either maintain the trees and shrubs planted until the land is sold, or shall plant sufficient numbers of trees and shrubs to allow for natural loss. Thereafter, the

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owners of the subdivided lots shall be responsible for the maintenance and replacement of those trees and shrubs planted by the subdivider to the satisfaction of Council.



10. At the time of the building application for each lot, a plan of the site shall be submitted by the applicant to the satisfaction and specifications of the Council which shall show site contours, proposed pad level, existing trees and stands of vegetation, those trees and vegetation to be removed and retained, and proposals for tree planting and maintenance.

The site plan and proposed shall demonstrate that the development and use of the land will not compromise the implementation of the

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overlay subdivision, as depicted on the endorsed Subdivision Guide Plan.




14. Horooo aro prohibited. Approval to keep animals within the specified area shall not exceed the stocking rates recommended by Agriculture Western Australia for the applicable pasture types to a dry stocking rato of 2 DSE and irrigatod stocking rotoo will not bo ontortainod. Any approval to keep any grazing animal will require fencing of all remnant vegetation by the landowners to the satisfaction of Council.

15. The keeping of horses is restricted to a maximum of one (1) light horse or two (2) ponies per lot, in accordance with the Agriculture Western Australia animal equivalents. Such horse(s) shall be required to be stabled

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overnight to the satisfaction of the Shire. Planning approval is required for this land use prior to commencement.


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RESOLUTION TO AMEND SCHEME

Adopted by resolution of the Council of the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale at the Meeting of the Council held on the day of 20 .

SHIRE PRESIDENT


FINAL APPROVAL

Adopted for final approval by resolution of the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale at the Meeting of the Council held on the day of 20 .

The Common Seal of the Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale was hereunto affixed by the authority of a resolution of the Council in the presence of:

SHIRE PRESIDENT


Recommended/Submitted for Final Approval

DELEGATED UNDER S.16 OF THE PD ACT 2005

DATE.

Final Approval Granted

MINISTER FOR PLANNING

DATE

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Documents

SHIRE OF 1 1 AUG 2014 SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE · 2020-03-09 · 140808 3618 cover letter to City SHIRE OF 1 1 AUG 2014 SERPENTINE JARRAHDALE Page11 SJS TRIM - IN14/15537 OCM075.1/05/15