PRESENTERADEOYE ABISOYE

MPH STUDENTWALDEN UNIVERSITY

PUBH 6165

INSTRUCTOR: DR HOWARD RUBINFALL QUARTER, 2012.

The efforts of Dr Howard Rubin whose special contributions and constructive criticism made this presentation a reality is greatly appreciated. I only but see exciting future.

- GREEK PROVERBS

The learning Objectives includes: Why shigellosis is public health concern How shigellosis is transmitted to human Health and financial burden of shigellosis Definition of shigellosis Epidemiology of shigellosis Symptoms and signs Complications Diagnosis and treatment Prevention

Intended Audience Public health

officials Non governmental

organizations Occupational

health officials Food handlers Community

leaders

Shigellosis' can be defined as infectious disease that is caused by Shigella species, which are gram negative rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria includes: Shigella sonnei, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. boydii.

It is usually transmitted through food and water contaminated with fecal matter.

United States Food and Drug Administration (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

S. sonnei this is also called Group D Shigella and it accounts for about 66% of cases in the United States.

S.flexneri is also refer to as group B Shigella and it accounts for the rest.

S. dysenteriae type 1 is the type common in developing countries and can occur in epidemics which could be fatal if not curtail.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

It can affect all age groups nevertheless, the young, elderly and immune compromised are more susceptible.

It accounts for less than 10% of food borne diseases in the United States with about 14.000 annual cases

Transmission is usually fecal-orally, by flies and through homosexual acts.

It quite prevalent in Africa due to poor hygiene and crowded environments.

Mortality can be as high as 10-15%. FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella

spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

Infection sources include Flies contaminating non-refrigerated foods Contaminated foods with fecal matter for

example: raw vegetables, fresh/smoked fish salads, potato, prawns, chicken, dairy products Like milk.

Contaminated water with human or animal waste such as feces

CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

Onset of symptoms about 12-50 hours after infection and these includes

FeverNausea and VomitingAbdominal cramps and painPassage of mucoid or bloody loose

stools

FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

Severe dehydration with electrolyte imbalance Shock Intestinal ulcers Rectal bleeding Post-infectious arthritis Chronic arthritis Confusion and coma Death

FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

Confirmation of Shigellosis is by stool cultures.

Treatment is usually pharmacologicalAntibiotics such as septrin, ciprofloxacin

and ampicillin with adequate rehydration to replace lost fluids are first line of treatment.

FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

 Ranjbar, R., Hosseini, M.J., Kaffashian, A.R. & Farshad, S. (2010). An outbreak of shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri Serotype 3a in a prison in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine 13(5), 414-417.

Can be achieved by promoting: Frequent hand washing after and before the

followings Micturition and defecation Handling and changing baby diapers Handling raw foods Before cooking or eating Washing of fruits and vegetables prior to

consumption

CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

Other forms of preventions include: Periodic screening of food handlers and

cooks Reporting of diarrheal diseases cases. Disinfection of swimming pools and play

pens. Formulating policies preventing people

with diarrhea diseases from swimming in public pools.

CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

Shigellosis is a preventable food borne disease caused by Shigella species. It can be fatal if not attended to promptly and can be prevented easily using simple hygienic measures.

Now we can see from this presentation that it takes simple hygienic measures to get raid of this disease.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

Ranjbar, R., Hosseini, M.J., Kaffashian, A.R. & Farshad, S. (2010). An outbreak of shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri Serotype 3a in a prison in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine 13(5), 414-417.

United States Food and Drug Administration (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm