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Livelihood Security
and Rights
Amba JamirTML-India
UNFCCC Inter-sessional Meeting Bangkok 2009
Asia Indigenous Peoples Workshops on Climate Change 02/09/09
Shifting Cultivation, REDD and Climate Change
[email protected]
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Livelihood sources
From cropping phase
From the fallow phase
Forests and communitylands
and beyond
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Shifting cultivation
Key productionsystem - in bothagriculture and
forestry systems - forproviding livelihood to
many indigenous and
tribal groups in thetropical and sub
tropical highlands.
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Livelihood assetsHumanCapital
Shifting cultivator
Naturalcapital
Financial
Capital
Physical
Capital
SocialCapital
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Human Capital
Knowledge systems
Skills
Capacity to work Capacity to adapt back
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Natural Capital
Land and produce
Rivers and springs
Wild foods & fibres - fallowAgrobiodiversity
Trees and forest products
Environmental services back
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Social capital
Kinship and patronage Community responsibility and
representation
Common access and benefitsharing mechanisms
Social safety nets
Trust, mutual support andvalues
Beyond back
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Physical capital
Tools and techology Tools and equipment for production
Traditional technology
Seed collection & storage Plant breeding
Pest management
Soil, water and nutritionmanagement
Infrastructure back
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Financial capital
The weakest link
Resource rich but cash poor
Credit mechanisms
Savings and pensions
Wages and remittances back
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Livelihood Security?
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In a nutshell
Strong on Internal mechanisms
Management systems (resources)
Institutional arrangements (governance)
Rural economy across seasons
Weak on
Finance External factors
Tenure issues
Policy
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Challenges
Changes in/lack of tenurial rights Fragmentation/loss of land
holding
Privatization & alienation of land
Land holding transformation Increased vulnerability
External factors and forces
Exotic land use systems Market Influence
Poor policy environment
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Institution, tenure and policy
Institutional arrangements Inherent rights and access and
benefit
regimes
Ability to cope and adapt
Custodian and defender of values and beliefs
Tenure (ownership & management)
Land-use changes
Policy environments and initiatives
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Opportunities
Jhum modifications with cash crops both during cropping and
fallow phase Cash crops / Low volume high value
Crop improvement through available gene pool
Growing market for organic and niche products Potential for
carbon sequestration and benefits
Payment for ecosystem services Organic market
Diversification and integration of other farming systems
Livestock Increase jhum cycle
Improved jhum cycle
Vast scope for research and development
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Land Use
Planning
Policy
initiatives
Value addition
Niche markets
Forestry
Tourism
Coping &Adaptation
Mechanisms
Domestication
Th k
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Thank
you
Photo: Amba Jamir
