shift in movie subtitling the pursuit of happyness a thesis by

SHIFT IN MOVIE SUBTITLING THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS

A THESIS

BY

MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO

REG. NO. 080705061

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2014

Universitas Sumatera Utara

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, SINTA PUSPITA SARI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS

THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS

THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE WHERE

OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE

QUALIFIED FOR OR WARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON‟S

WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN

TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE

AWARD OF ABOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date :


COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO

TITLE OF THESIS : SHIFT IN MOVIE SUBTITLING THE PURSUIT OF

HAPPYNESS

QUALIFICATION :S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT

OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF

SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE

AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF

INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date :


SHIFT IN MOVIE SUBTITLING THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS

A THESIS BY

MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO

REG. NO. 080705061

SUPERVISIOR CO – SUPERVISIOR

Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S Rudy Sofyan, SS, M. Hum

19541117 198003 1 002

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of SarjanaSastra from

Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2013


Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of

Suatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph. D

19541117 198003 1 002


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the writer want to thank to the One and Only, his Almighty God,

Allah SWT for everything God give him, health, strength and ability to finish this thesis.

For every bless and for every answered prayer.

Secondly, the writer want to say thank you very much to the Head of English

Department and also his academic advisor and his Supervisor Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,

M.S, and the secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D who

have given the writer an opportunity and support to finish this thesis. The writer also

very thankful to his great supervisor, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and his co-

supervisor, Rudi Sofyan, SS, M.Hum. Thank you for their helps, guidance,

understanding, contribution and all your advice and motivations you have given to him

are so precious and useful for his improvement. The writer‟s thank to Alm. Bang Am

(Amran) as the administrator staff of English Department for all of his help and

contribution in finishing the administration matters.

Especially, the writer would like to give his special thanks to his beloved parents

and family, his father, Edy Prayitno, and his mother Rahmah, his sisters and brothers

Revi Sartika Dewi and Reni Retno Sari,Amd, Muhammad Reza Prayitno and

Muhammad Satria Ramadhan. Pa, Ma, brothers and sisters thank you so much for your

unconditional love, support, motivation, pray, either moral or material.

The writer also would like to thanks to his friends, 08 batch, especially for Budi,

Adith, Dina, Kyky, Suci and Fitri, also his senior and best friend Bang Zulfikar, Bang


Tessen, Gullit and Mawardi (Cimao), thank you so much for your help in completing

this thesis and for all who has help the writer in finishing this thesis that the writer can

not mention one by one.

Special thanks and appreciation to his lover and best friend Zen Elvia, the one

who always ready to helps the writer in finishing his thesis. Thank you for motivation

and laugh that we share, for the great moments, and unforgettable memories during this

unforgettable moments.

Finally, the writer realizes there are still many weaknesses in this thesis.

However he hopes this thesis can give some contributions to the others. The writer waits

for critics that help him to be better in the future.

Medan, April , 2014

TheWriter

Muhammad Jarot Prayitno

REG. No 080705061


ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul Shift in Movie Subtitling The Pursuit of Happyness. Skripsi

ini menganalisis pergeseran kata (word-shifts) yang terjadi pada teks film The Pursuit of

Happyness dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk

menemukan pergeseran-pergeseran kategori (Category-shifts) yang terdiri dari

pergeseran struktur, pergeseran unit, pergeseran kelas kata dan pergeseran intra sistem

dalam pengalihbahasaan teks film dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan

untuk mengetahui pergeseran yang paling mendominasi dari pergeseran kategori. Teori

yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan pergeseran tersebut ialah teori Catford tahun

1965 yang menyatakan pergeseran terjadi dalam unit bahasa dalam tataran manapun.

Data yang dianalisis dalam skripsi ini adalah teks film The Pursuit of Happyness yang

berjumlah 1.375 data, yaitu teks dalam bahasa Inggris dan teks bahasa Indonesia yang

sudah terlebih dahulu dipisahkan menjadi bait-bait subtitle yang terdiri atas kalimat,

klausa, frasa dan kata.. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan, ditemukan 165 pergeseran

kategori yang terpisah atas; 63 atau 38,18% data pada pergeseran struktur, 42 atau

25,46% data pada pergeseran unit, 28 atau 16,97% data pergeseran kelas kata, dan 32

atau 19,39% data pada pergeseran intra system. Dari empat jenis pergeseran yang

terbagi dalam pergeseran kategori, pergeseran stuktur merupakan pergeseran yang

paling mendominasi dengan 63 atau 38,18% data dalam subtitle The Pursuit of

Happyness.


ABSTRACT

This title of this thesis is Shift in Movie Subtitling The Pursuit of Happyness.

Analyzing about shift which occurs in the translation of subtitle The pursuit of Happyness

from English to Bahasa Indonesia. Catford theory becomes the main core of the analysis

in this present thesis, he says “The replacement of textual material in one language by

equivalent textual material in another language” and he clarifies that shift divided into two

major types; Level shift and Category shift. This thesis is focuses to describing the

category shift which divided in to four type, they are; structure shift, unit shift, class shift,

and intra-system about how it perform and to find out the most dominant shift among it.

The data are the subtitling text of The Pursuit of Happyness movie. The running time of

the movie is about 117 minutes, contain 1.375 subtitle which already separated into

sentences, clauses, phrases and words. Based on the research process, the writer found

there are 165 occurrences of Category Shifts in the subtitling of “The Pursuit of

Happyness” movie. The most dominant shift in the subtitle is structure shifts with 63

(38,18%) occurrences, then Unit Shift with 42 (25,46%) occurrences, class shift 28

(16,97%) occurrences and 32 (19,39%) occurrences of Intra System Shift..


TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………….. i

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….. iii

TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………… v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………… viii

LIST OF FIGURE………………………………………………………………… ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study……………………………. 1

1.2 Scope of the Study………………………………...... 4

1.3 Problem of the Study……………………………….. 4

1.4 Objective of the Study……………………………… 4

1.5 Significance of the Study…………………………… 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Review of Related Literature………………...……… 6

2.2. Translation…………………………………………. 7

2.2.1 Definition of Translation…………………………… 7

2.2.2 Function of Translation……………………………. 8

2.2.3 Process of Translation……………………………… 8

2.2.4 Types of Translation……………………………….. 9

2.3 Shifts……………………………………………….. 11


2.3.1 Level Shift…………………………………………. 11

2.3.2 Category Shift……………………………………… 12

2.4 Five Unit of Ranks in English……………………… 13

2.5 Subtitle…………………………………………….. 16

2.5.1 Subtitle Rules……………………………………… 17

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Method…………………………………... 20

3.2 Data and Data Source…………………………….. 20

3.3 Data Collection Procedure………………………… 21

3.4 Data Analysis Procedure…..……………………… 21

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Data Analysis………………………………………. 23

4.1.1 Structure Shifts…………………………………….. 23

1. Det + Mod + N…………………………….. 23

2. Mod + N……………………………………. 26

3. Det + Det +N………………………………. 27

4. S + V + C………………………………….. 27

5. Active. …………………………………….. 27

4.2.2 Unit Shift..………………………………………… .28

1. Unit Shift from Word to Phrase…………… 28

2. Unit Shift from Word to Clause…………… 29

3. Unit Shift from Phrase to Word…………… 29

4. Unit Shift from Clause to Phrase…………... 30


5 Unit Shift from Sentence to Clause……….. 30

4.1.3 Class Shift………………………………………….. 30

1. Class Shift from Noun to Verb……………. 30

2. Class Shift from Verb to Noun……………. 31

3. Class Shift from Adjective to Verb……….. 31

4. Class Shift from N. Phrase to V. Phrase….. 32

5. Class Shift from Adjective to Noun………. 32

6. Class Shift from Verb to Adjective………. 32

7. Class Shift from Adverb to Verb…………. 33

8. Class Shift from Noun to Adjective………. 33

4.1.4 Intra-System-Shift…………………………………. 33

4.2 Data Findings……………………………………… 35

4.2.1 Structure Shift……………………………………… 36

4.2.2 Unit Shift…………………………………………… 42

4.2.3 Class Shift………………………………………….. 45

4.2.4 Intra-System-Shift…………………………………. 48

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusions………………………………………… 52

5.2 Suggestion…………………………………………. 53

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………… 54

APENDIX


LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Adj Adjective

Adv Adverb

C Clause

Com Complement

Det Determination

Mod Modifier

N Noun

SL Source Language

ST Source Text

TL Target Language

TT Target Text

V Verb

List of figure:


LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1(page 8): Diagram of Translation Process (Source: Coliludin (2006:31))


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shift in movie subtitling the pursuit of happyness a thesis by