Upload
gilead
View
52
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Sharks. Classification. Kingdom Animalia Phylum _____________ Class _____________ Subclass _____________ Superorder _____________ Known as “__________” until the 16 th century Name “shark” may have come from the Yucatec Maya. Evolution. Earliest sharks evolved _________ years ago - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Sharks
Classification• Kingdom Animalia–Phylum _____________• Class _____________–Subclass _____________
»Superorder _____________
• Known as “__________” until the 16th century–Name “shark” may have come from the
Yucatec Maya
Evolution• Earliest sharks evolved _________ years ago• Today – _________ species– Smallest – dwarf lanternshark (7 in)– Largest – whale shark (largest fish – 40 ft)
Skeleton• No bones–Use cartilage and connective tissue• Strong , but ___ the __________ of bone– Reduces weight saves energy
–Cartilage may be _____________• “bone-like”
–No functional _____________•Must stay in water
Jaw
• Covered in a layer of _____________–Complex ________ surface• Single tile in a mosiac
– Tiny hexagonal plates• Crystal blocks of _____________
–Most sharks have one layer of tesserae• Great white sharks – up to _____________
Teeth• Embedded into _____ rather than the jaw• Arranged into _____ rows of ______ teeth–Continuously replaced • Gums “_____________” them to the front• Can shed ____________ teeth in a lifetime
• Tooth characteristics determined by _______• Very important to fossil record – all that
remains
Fins• Supported by unsegmented _____ composed
of _____________
Tail (Caudal) Fins
• ____ different designs found in sharks– Shapes evolved due to different _________
and _____________–All are _____________ in design• Top is _______ than the
bottom
Buoyancy• ____ swim bladder• Large _____________–Up to _____ of body mass–Contain _____________• Oil that is _____________ that water• Sharks hunted for this oil–Put in capsules as a health supplement–Used in vaccines–Also available from plant sources
Respiration
• Oxygen removed as water passes through the mouth and over the _____________–Process known as _____________•Most sharks can pump water over their
gills while at rest–Some cannot (obligate ram ventilators)
–Gills _______ covered (as with most fish)
Circulation
• Sharks have a ______ chambered heart
_________________• Most sharks are _________________ (cold
blooded)–Body temp is that of the environment
• Family Lamnidae sharks can raise their body temp higher than the water temp (includes mako and great white)–_____________– Strip of red muscle in center of body attached
to the __________________ (miraculous net)
Rete Mirabile• Uses ___________________ flow design
_____________
• Living in salt water• Large production of _____ – Shark’s tissues ________________ (in balance
with) the sea water• So, few sharks can live in fresh water– Bull sharks can change their kidney function to
____________________________
Senses – Smell• Very keen ________ sense–Can detect __________
of blood in sea water– Even greater attraction
to chemicals found in _________ of organisms• Leads sharks to
sewage outfalls
Olfactory Bulbs (in pink)
Senses – Sight• Eyes similar to most vertebrates–Well adapted to the dark marine
environment• Use a _______________ (bright tapestry)–Reflects light back through the retina
to increase amount of useable light–Humans do the same (_____________
in a photo)–Can _____________ and _____________ their
pupils
Senses – Sight• Sharks have eyelids, but _____________–Water cleanses eyes
• Use __________________________–_______________ that moves over eyes to
protect them during ___________ on prey
Senses – Hearing
• May be able to hear prey ____________ away–Hard to test
• Small opening on each side of the head– Leads to the inner ear
• Sense _________________ among the water molecules
Senses – Hearing
• _____________ system– System of _________ within the lateral line• Runs the length of the body• ___________ expose water to the system• Contains ____________ cells with hair-
like projections• Also helps with ________ and movement
Senses – _____________• Sharks can detect electromagnetic fields
produced by all living organisms– Sharks have the _____________ electrical
sensitivity of any organism–Helps them find prey (even under the sand)–Use ____________________________• Electrorecptor organs–Hundreds to thousands per shark
Pores (on a tiger shark)
Senses – Electroreception
• Ocean currents travel through the magnetic field of the earth–Creates electric fields•May allow sharks to _____________ the
world’s oceans• Allows sharks to detect _____________
__________________