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Shaken, Not Stirred?! – The U.K. Between Tradition and Modernity

Danny Hakim: Saving an Endangered Species: The Pub (p. 25, task 6) For example: a) - If Britons hadn’t changed their drinking habits, the breweries would have been able to continue delivering to pubs. (type III) - If the British hadn’t preferred going to fashionable clothing shops instead of meeting at a pub, traditional pubs would not have had to shut down. (type III) - If real estate developers weren’t so eager to convert pubs for other uses, traditional pubs would be preserved. (type II) - If pubs didn’t occupy a special place in British life, the British Parliament would not take action to save them. (type II) - If antismoking laws hadn’t been so strict and taxes on beer so high, many pubs would have been able to compete with supermarkets and brewing chains. (type III) b) - Pubs could still be places of social gathering if real estate agents would not convert them into apartment buildings or clothing shops. (type II) - If the government doesn’t designate traditional pubs as “assets of community value”, small communities will not be able to afford to maintain pubs anymore. (type I) - If the upward spiral of the real estate prices can be stopped, there will be a possibility of saving the pubs in small communities. (type I) - If communities want to increase business at local pubs, they should promote them as the focal point for community fund-raising. (type I)

Huge Survey Reveals Seven Social Classes in UK (p. 28, task 7) For example: ● social class: upper/middle/working class; elite, top, precariat/precarious proletariat; status; privileged; affluent; deprived; emergent; exclusive; category; group; rank ● income: capital; savings; wealth; prosperous; economic capital; to earn/earner; earnings; possessions; substance; property; livelihood; proceeds ● work/profession: occupation; professional; deindustrialization; employment; unemployment; secure; craft; vocation; business; labour ● culture: interests; activities; gregarious; urbanization; urban lifestyle; education; gigs; social media; highbrow culture; theatre; classical music; refinement

The EU: Should Britain Be in Or Out? (p. 37, task 7) For example: - If European politics weren’t all about bureaucracy, more people would be interested and get active.

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- People would feel as if they were being taken more seriously if politicians did not permanently change their viewpoints. - If politicians did not always talk in catchphrases, people would be more willing to listen to them. - If people reminded politicians of their campaign pledges more often, politicians would feel more obligated and committed. - If politicians were more interested in people’s needs and problems and less focused on administration and regulations, they would realize what has to be done. - If politicians were less focused on standardizing products and services, people would not feel like they are being bossed around.

David Cameron: Speech on Britain and the European Union (p. 40, task 7) For example: On January 2013, British Prime Minister David Cameron delivered a speech on the relationship between Britain and the EU and explained why he is critical of the EU’s performance. However, he emphasized that the once important function of the EU – to secure peace – had been realized and the European Union presently had to focus on economic stability. Against the background of rising global competition for wealth and employment, Cameron demanded urgently that the European Union change and tackle these challenges. Furthermore, Cameron underlined his respect for the achievements of the EU, but he also emphasized Britain’s historical and political importance from the time of the Roman Empire to today. Cameron highlighted Britain’s participation in shaping European history and defending democracy and freedom. Despite Britain’s island character and desire for independence, Cameron explained that British society was characterized by its openness and willingness to reach out to the world. Cameron stated that he was not an isolationist but wanted Britain to continue to play an important part in European politics and in the European Union. He claimed that he wanted a better deal not only for Great Britain but for the European Union as well. (194 words)

Andrea Levy: Small Island – Prologue: Queenie (p. 57, task 11) For example: - Visit the sensational and unique attractions and breathtaking innovations and learn about the newest and most exciting inventions. - Get an impression of the ‘Empire in Little’ and experience the spectacular and highly fascinating inventions of the Empire’s technological experts. - Experience Africa and its rich and exotic culture! - Learn about India’s overwhelming beauty and peerless spirituality. - Enjoy the Empire’s sensational and refined culinary abundance: Tea from Ceylon’s beautiful hills and cocoa from the steep African mountain slopes enhance people’s lives …

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A Little Faster, George? (p. 64, task 7) For example: - slump a sudden fall in price, number, value, etc. - revenue the money that an organization, etc. receives from its business - GDP Gross Domestic Product = the total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year - chilled demand here: reduced demand/request/need for sth. - infrastructure the basic systems, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively - output an amount of sth. produced by a person, machine, factory, country, etc. - inflation a general, continuous increase in prices - the balance of trade (also: balance of payments) the difference between the money that a country receives from exports and the money that it spends on imports - dividend (a part of) the profit of a company that is paid to the people who own shares in it - bankruptcy the situation of being unable to pay what you owe; having control of your financial matters given, by a court of law, to a person who sells your property to pay your debts - takeover a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares - entrepreneur sb. who starts their own business, esp. when this involves seeing a new opportunity - cuts reductions in public spending - the public sector businesses and industries that are owned or controlled by the government - site value the amount of money that can be received for a building, piece of land, etc.

The Queen’s Diamond Jubilee 2012 – Ceremony at Westminster Hall (p. 73, task 7) For example: Baroness D’Souza: - (ll. 11ff.) Baroness D’Souza said that the Queen’s role had evolved imperceptibly. - (ll. 16 f.) The Queen emphasized that it had been her privilege to address the Houses of Parliament during her Silver and Gold Jubilees. - (ll. 7ff.) Baroness D’Souza emphasized that the Queen had re-dedicated herself to service and public duty only a short time ago. - (ll. 10ff.) She highlighted that the Queen had personified continuity and stability during her reign. - (ll. 21ff.) She pointed out that the Queen and her husband would take travels throughout the country and that there would be many celebrations in the upcoming months. - (ll. 26ff.) Baroness D’Souza praised the outstanding splendor of Westminster Hall and stated that there was no better place to celebrate the Queen’s jubilee. - (ll. 30ff.) She referred to the unveiling of the stained glass window which had been commissioned by both Houses in honour of that day. - (ll. 39ff.) Moreover, Baroness D’Souza enlarged on the great achievements of the Commonwealth and underlined that the Queen had taken an active part in

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promoting democracy. - (l. 64ff.) In conclusion, Baroness D’Souza emphasized that the British people were looking forward to more years of peace, prosperity and plenty which had distinguished Queen Elizabeth’s reign. John Bercow: - (ll. 4ff.) John Bercow emphasized that the House of Commons had contributed to the Jubilee Window as well. - (ll. 8ff.) He depicted how sixty years earlier the situation of Britain had been unstable because it had just emerged from World War II. - (ll. 14ff.) Then, John Bercow related Gandhi’s assertion that “the best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others” to the Queen’s dedication to serving her country. - (ll. 22ff.) He particularly highlighted the Queen’s contribution to continuity which had made the enormous changes Britain had to undergo manageable. - (ll. 25ff.) He explained that the Queen had moved with the times and had this enabled Britain to become a much bigger, better and brighter country than it had been sixty years ago. - (ll. 38ff.) By calling Elizabeth II a “kaleidoscope Queen in a kaleidoscope country”, he connected the Queen’s reign to Britain’s qualities of being a multicultural and democratic society. - (ll. 45ff.) Bercow then enumerated the extraordinary qualities Queen Elizabeth’s reign had brought to Britain: Certainty, security and stability had been made possible by the Queen’s willingness to serve and make sacrifices for her county. - (ll. 49ff.) By referring to Gandhi again, John Bercow underlined that the Queen’s gentle way had shaken the United Kingdom and the world during her reign. - (ll. 52ff.) In conclusion, John Bercow expressed his wholehearted gratitude for what the Queen had done for the country and that he was looking forward to her continuing this in the future. Queen Elizabeth II: - (ll. 5ff.) In the introduction of her speech, the Queen praised the Parliamentarians’ work and emphasized their fundamental role in politics and history. - (ll. 14f.) Next, she mentioned that she was the Second British Monarch to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee. - (ll. 19ff.) The Queen highlighted that she had worked together with twelve Prime Ministers and that she was glad to see younger politicians attending the ceremony as well. - (ll. 15ff.) With regard to the importance of the Commonwealth she mentioned its foremost function to connect people and promote values. - (ll. 47ff.) She hoped that the celebration of the Diamond Jubilee would bring people together in neighbourhoods and communities all over the country. - (ll. 52ff.) Additionally, the Queen expressed her hope that the Diamond Jubilee celebrations would make the public aware of the hard work of voluntary services and people who worked for the welfare and well-being of others would be recognized. - (ll. 57ff.) Further on, she emphasized the work of the armed forces in serving their country and protecting and defending the freedom of the British people. - (ll. 63ff.) Referring to the stained glass window, she expressed her gratitude for having a happy relationship with the Houses of Parliament. - (ll. 64ff.) The Queen added that she had signed more than three and a half thousand Bills during her sixty years of reign. - (ll. 73ff.) In conclusion, the Queen stated that she had been privileged to witness some of the nation’s history and again emphasized her dedication to the service of Great Britain and its

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people.

Ethnic Minorities – Into the Melting Pot (p. 97, task 9) For example:

Politically correct terms Handle with care!

migrant (a person that travels to a different country or place, often in order to find work)

to immigrate (to come to live in a different country)

asylum seeker (sb. who leaves their own country, often for political reasons or because of war, and who travels to another country hoping that the government will protect them and allow them to live there)

race (a group, especially of people, with particular similar physical characteristics, who are considered as belonging to the same type, or the fact of belonging to such a group)

to emigrate (to leave a country permanently and go to live in another one)

ethnic (relating to a particular race of people)

mixed (combining people of a different religion or race)

refugee (a person who has escaped from their own country for political, religious or economic reasons or because of war)

racial (happening between people of different races; connected with someone's race)

ethnicity (the fact of belonging to a particular race of people)

first-/second-generation immigrant (used to describe the nationality of sb. belonging to the first group of people of the same age in the family to have been born in that country)

black/Blacks (relating or belonging to people with black or dark brown skin, esp. people who live in Africa or whose family originally came from Africa)

brown (relating to people with a brown skin, e.g. people from India, Asia, etc. or to people of mixed race)

coloured (used to describe a person who has black or brown skin; this word is now considered offensive by most people; in South Africa, used to describe a person of mixed race)

depending on the word’s context it might be considered offensive and inappropriate

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India: Democracy, Diversity and Determination

Mahatma Gandhi: There Is No Salvation for India (p. 115, task 10) For example: Mr Gandhi recalled a close conversation he had had with some Poona professors. They had assured him that every Indian youth had lost six years of precious life through the English language. Gandhi called the English language a “handicap” to the Indian nation. He asked the audience to find out for themselves how much time had already been wasted. Later, Mr Gandhi blamed his fellow countrymen for their lack of initiative and their willingness to accept receiving only an English education. Mr Gandhi assured the audience that the Indian people would already have been a free nation, have Indian-educated men and would not have been treated as foreigners in their own country if they had received an education in their own native language instead of English. Continuing his speech, Mr Gandhi juxtaposed the jewellery and splendor of some Indian noblemen to the poverty of millions of Indian people and expressed his concern that there was no salvation for India unless the rich Indian people shared their wealth with the poor. Mr Gandhi concluded his speech by referring to the attitude of the Empire: If the Indian nation was not able to free itself, the British Empire would not do it for them.

Andrea Glaubacker: Gesellschaft im Wandel – Tata und Cola (p. 130, task 5) For example: ● The interviewer wanted to know what of encounters in India Ms Glaubacker remembered best. ● The interviewer asked Kareena about her plans, especially as her cousin was already studying in the US.

Sanjeev Bhaskar: Bangalore – India’s Silicon Valley (p. 141, task 6) For example:

positive negative

futuristic, future-oriented, innovative, safeguarding the future, determined, assured, progressive, forward-looking, utopian, promising , advanced, eye-catching, impressive

appalling, poverty-stricken, under-privileged, dystopian, poor, dismaying, alarming, deficient, resourceless, needy, impoverished, indigent, shocking, piteous, scandalous

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a) Visit the upscale campus of Bangalore with its unlimited opportunities for the brightest students and scientists. Not only the sensational and futuristic architecture conveys an image of academic novelty, progress and potential … b) The old parts of the city have been a scandalous eyesore for many decades. Not only do millions of people have to live in appalling poverty and neglect …

Aravind Adiga: Between the Assassinations (p. 146, task 9) For example: ● graft – the act of getting money or advantage through the dishonest use of power or political influence ● corruption – illegal, bad or dishonest behaviour, esp. by people in positions of power ● private sector – businesses or industries that are not owned or controlled by the government ● state-run – businesses or industries that are owned or controlled by the government ● real-estate business – a business that arranges the sale, renting, or management of homes, land and buildings for their owners ● malpractice – failure to act correctly or legally when doing your job, often causing injury or loss ● investigative agency – a government organization which examines a situation in order to discover the truth ● malfeasance – an example of dishonest and illegal behaviour, esp. by a person in authority ● insider-trading – the illegal buying and selling of shares in a company by people who have special information because they are involved with the company ● financier – a person who has control of a large amount of money and can give or lend it to people or organizations ● investigator – a person whose job is to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. in order to discover the truth ● petty corruption – a type of corruption (= illegal or dishonest behaviour) that is not considered serious when compared with other kinds of corruption ● profit – money that is earned in trade or business, after paying the costs of producing and selling goods and services ● red tape – official rules and processes that seem unnecessary and delay results; bureaucracy ● good governance – the effective and responsible management of an organization, a country, etc. which includes considering society’s needs in decisions it makes ● unprecedented growth – growth that never happened or existed in the past ● commodity – a substance or product that can be traded, bought or sold ● privatization – an industry, company or service that was previously owned by the government and is sold so that it becomes privately owned and controlled

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The American Dream – Reveries and Realities

Barack Obama: State of the Union Address, 28 January 2014 (p. 195, task 7) For example: In his introductory remarks the President highlighted that the unemployment rate was the lowest in more than five years and that the housing market and the manufacturing sector had recovered. What was even more important: American had overtaken China again as the world’s number one country in investing again. He criticized Congress for having hindered the positive development by their inability to find consensus in basic democratic decisions. Therefore the President emphasized the importance of the citizens to strengthen the state in order overcome inequality and strengthen the country’s economy again. Obama underlined that the most important task was to give people back their belief in opportunity for all as a tool to overcome stalemate and stagnation. The President referred to core American beliefs and values and demanded that the American dream of being successful regardless of your social background should be made achievable for everybody again. According to the President one important tool was to support manufacturers to insource jobs from abroad and to support domestic investment by lowering tax rates for businesses that create jobs for American people.

Jana Simon: Mein armes Amerika (p. 200, task 6) For example: ● If I managed to get more customers for the laundry, we could expand our business. (type II) ● If I am able to finish school successfully, I will be able to attend college. (type I) ● I could have been more successful if I had been able to find a better-paid job. (type III) ● If I was able to find a better job, I would not have to do two jobs which don’t pay well. (type II) ● I will be successful if I continue working hard enough. (type I) ● If I didn’t have to commute for hours every day, I could work more hours and more more effectively. (type II) ● If I had known that life was so difficult and miserable here, I would not have come to the US. (type III)

Kirk Semple: Many U.S. Immigrants’ Children Seek American Dream Abroad (p. 234, task 8) For example: ● In Jay’s view the parent generation’s view of their home country had been wrong. Jay expected migration to pick up even more. He assumed that, as a consequence of globalisation, the generation of the children would be global citizens and would understand their ancestors’ heritage as an opportunity, not a burden.

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● Jph doubted that he would have moved to the US if he were 22 again now. He admitted that he had believed in the American Dream in the past but had realized that there was no upward mobility in the US, and that there was far more opportunity and mobility in Europe. ● AP stated that he agreed with the article that the US was no longer the land of opportunity. After trying to find work in the US, he had found work abroad and was starting a company with other expatriates. He underlined that companies abroad had been welcoming whereas US companies hadn’t even responded to his applications. AP believed that the developing countries would offer challenging opportunities and jobs to smart young people. (178 words)

Katherine Rushton: Battle Lines Drawn for EU-US Trade Talks (p. 243, task 8) For example: - (ll. 41ff.) British Consul Danny Lopez welcomed the expansion of British companies into America and emphasized its importance. - (ll. 51ff.) Lopez hoped that Britain would push the European Union in a way that a set of open and enforceable rules would be established for the rest of the world. - (ll. 57ff.) He considered the possibility of the UK leaving the EU deeply ironic after having helped establish the EU-USA trade area. - (ll. 78ff.) French President Hollande expressed his deep concerns about accusations of spying, calling this kind of behaviour unacceptable. - (ll. 117ff.) Lopez stated that many UK companies were already doing business with US companies and that the liberalization of tariffs would save UK companies about one billion pounds annually. - (ll.121ff.) Lopez pointed out that the car-producing and chemical sectors alone would be able to save more than £500m annually if tariffs were eliminated. - (ll. 141ff.) Additionally, Lopez referred to further companies like Bridgewater Pottery and Savile Row Tailors Hunstman which would be affected positively by the reduction of tariffs. - (ll. 193ff.) Lopez expressed confidence that the mutual recognition of professional qualifications by international trade partners would help reduce barriers as well. - (ll. 197ff.) According to Lopez’ line of argument, the international recognition of professional qualifications would increase competition, which would guarantee better prices for consumers on both sides of the Atlantic. - (ll. 227ff.) Hiddo Houben, head of the EU’s trade office, expected negotiations to be very tough and complicated due to the extreme unionization of US industries.

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Economy, Energy, Efficiency – The World Going Global

Robert Booth, Pete Pattison: Modern-Day Slavery. Qatar World Cup: Migrants Wait a Year to Be Paid for Building Offices (p. 298) For example: Task 10: ● If I had been more suspicious when they charged the recruitment fee, I could have avoided enslavement. (type III) ● If I were able to escape from here, I would have to leave behind my fellow workers and my salary for the last year. (type II) ● If we had been able to protest earlier the Qatari government would have had to pay the workers and we would not have suffered so much. (type III) ● If the British journalists hadn’t complied a documentary about the appalling situation, the world would have never known about the exploitative system of forced labour in Qatar. (type III) ● If the World Cup executives enforced fair working conditions, the recruitment and contracting practices could be improved. (type II) ● If international organizations denied participation in the World Cup, the Qatari officials would have to react and improve the situation. (type II) ● If the Qatari government doesn’t set an example and punish Lee Trading severely, the appalling situation will never change. (type I) Task 11: ● One of the workers stated that he/they didn’t know how much the Qatari government were spending on the World Cup, but the workers just needed their salary and never got anything. ● A Nepalese worker complained that he had lost a year’s pay and would go home if he had the money to buy a ticket. ● Qatar’s World Cup organizing committee emphasized that they had not hired the firm and they strongly disapproved of the policy and would continue to press for a speedy and fair conclusion. ● Sharan Burrow confirmed that the treatment of the workers was an abuse of fundamental rights and the Qatari government was only concerned because the BBC journalists had found out. She demanded that the abuse be severely punished. ● Katara Projects confirmed that they would make any effort to repatriate and compensate workers in order to correct the situation. ● Qatar’s minister of labour and social affairs, Abdullah al-Khulaifi, admitted that there was much more to do and that they were determined to build momentum to change the situation.

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John Krasinski, Matt Damon: Promised Land (p. 317, task 14) For example: The supervisor, Gerry Richards, tried to get a quick decision by telling the people there had been a scheduling error so they would have to leave the gym earlier. He reminded the residents of family members who might have had experiences with natural gas. Richards promoted natural gas by saying that it was a life-changing opportunity that would create jobs and generate enormous revenues for the community. Despite Richards’ enthusiasm, one of the residents, a high school teacher called Frank Yates began to ask critical questions and wanted to get more information on the process and potential risks of fracking. After Richards had tried in vain to stop Yates’ interruptions, Steve Butler jumped into the discussion. While Frank Yates continued to point out the risks and dangers of fracking, Steve Butler tried to play down the risks by explaining that competitors of Global had been trying to complicate matters in order to take advantage of the company. After all, Steve Butler admitted that fracking was not as clean and perfect as they had wanted to make people believe. When Frank Yates demanded a vote in which everybody in the community could decide about fracking, Supervisor Richards finally gave in and called for a vote three weeks from then. Quite obviously, Yates had outmanoeuvered Steve Butler and the supervisor as well.

Joseph Stiglitz: Why Globalisation Fails (p. 326, task 5) For example: Stiglitz introduced himself, explaining that he had been involved in the global debates for fifteen years. He added that in the 1990s, there had been enormous support for globalisation because back then, people had believed that both poor and rich nations would benefit from it. Stiglitz claimed that since then the world really had been united – but, in fact, against lobalisation. Further on Stiglitz explained that the rich part of the world had befitted from globalization, but people didn’t feel any happier than before. Conversely, the poor countries had become even poorer than before, encountering just the opposite of what they had expected to happen. Stiglitz explained that he believed that the unequal market and subsidy politics was the reason for the asymmetrical development. Whereas the industrialized nations demanded the poor nation to open their markets and abolish subsidies on their end, the industrialized nations themselves kept subsidizing products and refused to open their markets in turn. Stiglitz claimed that the biggest challenge would be to make globalisation work in a way that all nations could have their fair share and benefit equally. He pointed out China and India as examples of successful globalisation, outlining that both had been very careful to not destabilize their economic growth by opening up their markets to capital flows. Additionally, Stiglitz mentioned that globalisation was not all about money but consisted of other equally important elements such as the exchange of ideas and knowledge, democracy, human rights and the protection of the environment. Stiglitz emphasized the importance of these sectors and demanded change in order to make globalisation work successfully for everybody.

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Science (Fiction) & Technology – Towards a Better World?!

Low-Cost Fertility Treatment – Maybe Babies (p. 344f.) For example: Task 9: ● in vitro fertilization the fertilization of an egg from a woman outside her body ● surrogate a woman who gives birth to a baby for another woman who is unable to have babies herself ● donor a person who gives eggs or sperm to a woman or couple unable to have babies herself/themselves ● test-tube baby a baby that developed from sex cells that were joined outside the body and then put in the mother to grow ● ovulation the time when a woman or female animal releases an egg ● to manipulate embryos to change or control embryos’ genetic information ● clinical indication a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery ● infertility a person, animal or plant that cannot have babies, produce young or produce new plants ● abortion the intentional ending of a pregnancy ● STD sexually transmitted disease; an illness that can be passed from one person to another by sexual activity ● conception the process of a male and female sex cell joining and causing a baby to start to form ● male-factor infertility a male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female ● diagnosis a judgment about what a particular illness or problem is, made after examining it ● monitoring the process of watching and checking a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it ● public health-care system the activity or business of providing medical services organized and controlled by the government Task 10: ● If I had known that it would take that many attempts at such high costs, I would not have undergone this treatment. (type III) ● If the costs are covered by the public health services, women from poorer countries will be able to have fertility treatment as well. (type I) ● If male-factor infertility wasn’t so stigmatized in certain societies, women would not have to undergo fertility treatment. (type II) ● If laboratory techniques and drugs hadn’t been improved, IVF success rates would not have increased over time. (type III) ● Many African women will be able to avoid being ostracized if low-cost fertility treatment is available for poor countries as well. (type I)

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Richard Gray: Pigs Could Grow Human Organs in Stem Cell Breakthrough (p. 351, task 11) For example: ‐ chimeric animals: animals that have organs that belong to another species, e.g. pigs that have a human liver and can thus function as organ donors ‐ genetically altered: containing genetic material that has been changed by scientists in order to produce a desired characteristic ‐ transplant: an operation in which an organ or tissue is taken and implanted in another part of the body or into another body ‐ regenerative medicine: a medical branch that focuses on regeneration, i.e. the formation of a new animal or tissue ‐ stem cell: an undifferentiated cell of a multi‐cellular organism which is able of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise ‐ personalized organ: an organ that is (genetically) designed specifically for a certain person or animal ‐ donor organ: an organ that is “donated”, i.e. given or transplanted from one person/animal to another ‐ organ deficient human embryo: a human embryo that does not have a certain organ

Stephen Baxter: Into the Future (p. 361, task 7) For example: - Drones can be an immense enhancement to your home and help making your life easier. - Scientific development has undergone such vast transformations that the new generation of drones can make your life safer and much more comfortable. - No longer do people have to suffer from unhealthy and dangerous work – the new generation of robots will eliminate that dreadful burden and people can focus on the relevant aspects of life. Etc.

Matt Haig: Echo Boy (p. 364) Task 8: For example: ● robotics – the science of making and using robots ● personal computer – a computer that is mainly used by people at home rather than by large organizations ● android(s) – a robot that is made to look like a human ● humanoid organism – a machine or creature with the appearance and qualities of a human ● animate beings – beings or creatures that are alive ● inanimate beings – beings or creatures that have none of the characteristics of an animal or plant ● artificial intelligence – the study of how to produce machines that have some of the qualities that the human mind has, such as the ability to understand language, recognize pictures, solve problems, and learn

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● technological evolution – the gradual process of technological change or development Task 9: For example: ● If you hadn’t programmed Alissa to intrude into people’s lives, she would not have attacked and killed my parents. ● This would never have happened if Echos had not become a part of people’s private lives. ● If Alissa had been able to understand Dad’s instructions, she would not have insisted on cooking. ● If Alissa had been constructed differently, she would have understood Dad. ● If Sempura does not take responsibility for my parents’ deaths, I will take legal steps. Etc.

Modern Media – Social, Smart and Spying?!

Andreas Gruhn: Daten sind das Öl des 21. Jahrhunderts (p. 412, task 5)

For example: ● Customers will not have to waste their precious time looking for bargains and special offers because their needs will already have been analysed and they will be guided through the store. ● If retailers are able to predict customers’ wishes and needs, they will be able to personalize advertising. ● The production of consumer goods will be optimized in the future based on the data provided by market research companies. ● Based on the analysis of Big Data, companies will be able to predict people’s future activities. ● Companies will be more competitive in the future because they will be able to produce and offer products earlier. ● Big Data solutions will be used by a growing number of German companies in the future.

Spike Jonze: Her (p. 439, task 7) For example: You won’t believe what happened today… it was really sad… When I entered the restaurant Theodore was sitting… I had to swallow and suppress my emotions. He asked me whether I was happy with the new book. I told that I was really happy with it. When I asked him whether he was seeing anybody he replied that he had been seeing somebody for the last few months. He looked really happy and content. He then explained to me that he was pleased to be with somebody who was excited about the world because he had not been in a good place himself. And now guess what he told me next… he told me her name was Samantha and she was an operating system. He described her as being complex and interesting… I was stunned. I asked whether he was dating his computer… and he answered that she wasn’t simply a computer but

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her own person… Then we started to fight again… I told him he wasn’t able to handle real emotions and of course he denied that… When the waitress finally showed up I wasn’t able to hold back and became really cynical again…

Shakespeare: Such Stuff As Dreams Are Made On …

John Orloff: Anonymous (p. 446, task 8) For example: The aerial view of New York City along with the outward appearance of the actor introducing the film gives the expository scene a cosmopolitan and postmodern image. The cuts between contemporary New York City and Elizabethan London conveys the timelessness of Shakespeare and his work. Additionally, the dark colours and allusions to the execution of a man as well as a conspiracy in connection with Queen Elizabeth I evokes the viewers’ curiosity and interest in the historical topic. The film successfully raises the question of the true authorship of Shakespeare’s work. However, at times the scenes and hints regarding historical persons and events are rather confusing. The opening credits allow the audience to immerse themselves in the Elizabethan era, its buildings and historical figures as well as political conspiracies. The shots taken from the Globe Theatre provide a sensational impression of Shakespeare’s performances and the diverse audiences of that time.

Marc Norman, Tom Stoppard: Shakespeare’s Weekly Confession … (p. 468, task 8)

For example: Dear colleague, It always inspiring (and lucrative) to treat artists and poets … just recently young Mr Shakespeare was on my couch … lamenting about having lost his “gift” … First, he wanted to make me believe that he had writer’s block … well, of course he couldn’t trick me … I immediately realized the truth: he was suffereing from impotence. Actually, he had had several affairs with Black Sue, Fat Phoebe … but quite obviously this didn’t mean anthing to him … he was looking for somebody who really inspired him … etc.