SHADOWS OF THE EMPIRE, PART II: RISE OF THE EMPIRE

Shadows of the Empire

Caesar’s assassins believed they were saving the Republic The people of Rome did not share this

belief

Octavian, Caesar’s grandnephew and heir, forms an alliance with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus to form the Second Triumvirate to hunt down the assassins

Path to War

Octavian controlled the west, including Rome

Antony allies with Cleopatra, pharaoh of Egypt, in the east

Allies of Octavian start a rumor that Antony wants Cleopatra to be queen of Rome Antony’s mistake was ceding Rome to

Octavian

The Battle of Actium, 31 BC

Octavian Triumphant

Antony and Cleopatra fight Octavian at Actium Octavian routs his enemies Antony and Cleopatra retreat to Egypt Antony commits suicide Cleopatra commits suicide hours before

Octavian’s army closes in on her Octavian is left as master of the Roman

World

Call to Power

January 1, 27 BC: The Senate votes Octavian the title Augustus- “Most Honored”

Awarded Princeps Civitatis- “First Citizen of the State” Awarded Tribunica Potestas- “Full Power of Tribunes” Awarded Pontifex Maximus- “High Priest of the State” Awarded Imperator- “Commander of the Roman Army”

This title is the basis for “Emperor”

Augustus turned Roman legions into a standing army Advanced into Germany Created an auxiliary reserve army Created the Praetorian Guard as police force and

personal bodyguard

Life under Augustus

Advanced women’s rights Massive building campaign Allowed local governments to control

their own affairs Virgil’s Aeneid-an epic tale of the

founding of Rome-is written Aeneas, hero of Troy and Dido, his

princess

Heir to Augustus

None of the titles were hereditary Augustus feared civil war upon his death To establish succession he shared

consular and tribunican powers with his adopted son, Tiberias

With the death of Augustus in AD 14, the Senate recognized Tiberias as the new emperor

The Julio-Claudian Dynasty

Augustus established a dynasty that lasted from 27 BC to AD 68 Tiberias

Tiber River in Rome was named for him Son in law was Pontius Pilate

Caligula Had his horse proclaimed senator and consul

Claudius May or may not have been insane

Nero The most hated emperor…ever

Julius Caesar and Octavian Caesar Augustus

These two men dominated Roman history and politics for seventy years

Established the Roman Empire The Pax Romana-the Roman Peace Imperial Rome controlled 2.3 million square

miles of territory in Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, and the Middle East

The Roman Empire survived in one form or another until 1453

Almost a quarter of the world’s population that has ever existed, lived and died under the reign of a Roman Emperor

A Final Thought

“I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble,” –Caesar Augustus

Summarize

In your interactive notebook, at the bottom of your notes page, write a short paragraph about today’s lesson. Write about: What the main idea of the lesson was AND what you learned today.

Your summary should be able to explain today’s lesson to someone who was not in class today.