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What is Grazing Distribution? Pattern created by livestock grazing an area of rangeland or pasture animals tend to graze in spotty patterns forage availability is reduced grazing selectivity is lost reduced animal performance
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Grazing Distribution
SGCHS AG Dept.Natural Resource Management
Mr. Hochreiter
What is Grazing Distribution? Pattern created by livestock grazing an area of
rangeland or pasture animals tend to graze in spotty patterns
forage availability is reduced grazing selectivity is lost reduced animal performance
What causes uneven grazing patterns? Pasture shape “L” Terrain Water Location Vegetation
palatability stage of growth water content of plants soil fertility level
Grazing lands Why do you think terrain affects grazing lands? How does water location affect grazing patterns?
Describe one analogy that would compare to gaazing patterns and water location.
Managing for Grazing Distribution Salt & Mineral Feeder Location
placed away from water may need to move when trampling begins
Oilers, Rubbing Posts, or Dust Bags attract livestock
Winter Feeding Location (move around)
Location, location, location Why do you want to ensure salt and mineral
blocks are not placed around water sources?
Managing for Grazing Distribution Riparian Areas (streams, lakes etc)
provide alternate water and salt away from riparian area
may need to fence off area Prescribed Burning -livestock prefer regrowth
after burning
Riparian areas Why do you think we need to ensure we provide
alternative water locations to livestock in the pasture when there is a stream, pond or river in the pasture?
Water Developments Quantity & Quality are most important Cattle consume up to 15 gal per day per 1,000 lbs
animal Stock Ponds - can have poor water quality
silting animals walking in
Pit Ponds (Dugouts) Wells - should have 2-3 day storage
Windmillshigh initial cost unreliable as a continual source of power
Electric Pump• can pump water to
several locations, long distances.
• requires electrical source
• requires constant monitoring (power outages)
Solar-Powered Pumps
can move solar panel & pump to different locationsrequires constant monitoring
Sling PumpUsed in flowing creeks or streams where electricity is not available.
Harnesses energy from the moving water to pump water to higher elevation.
Can pump water to elevations of 50 feet.
Flows 1-2 gallons per minute
Water Developments Pipelines and Troughs
can be placed at the best locations multiple waterings initial cost & maintenance can be costly
Spring Developments provides clean water away from wet areas with continuous flow, water seldom freezes
Stock Tanks should provide 2-3 days reserve concrete pad
Stock Tank
Cross Fencing Dividing large pastures into smaller ones Conventional materials (barbed wire) High Tensile Steel - more maintenance High Energy - Low Impedance
cheaper than barbed
Cross Fencing Why would a rancher consider cross fencing his
pasture? What elements must ranchers consider when
deciding to cross fence? What benefits would cross fencing provide a
rancher?
Cross fencing
Check on learning How can ranchers influence grazing patterns?
Season-Long Grazing One pasture for the entire season Difficult to maintain adequate grazing distribution
What are some problems you could foresee if we allow season long grazing on the same pasture?
Management-Intensive Grazing Systems
Ways we can pasture livestock
Sequential Forage Grazing Using 2 or more forages in combination best utilization of forage must have different growing seasons
Forage may consist of smooth brome grass or alfalfa in cooler weather and big bluestem or switchgrass in warmer seasons.
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Pages/ansci/beefreports/asl1749.pdf
Partial-season Grazing Only allowed to graze for part of the growing
season One benefit of partial seasons grazing is to allow
livestock to help control growth of cool season grasses and thus improving pasture management.
Deferred Grazing Rest pasture during season of growth, grazed or
hayed during dormant time poor quality forage cheaper than haying
Why do you think deferred grazing is cheaper than cutting hay?
Rotation Grazing Move livestock from pasture to pasture Only graze each pasture once per season
Most common method of livestock grazing in West Tennessee.
Rotation Grazing
Rapid Rotation Fewer than 6 pastures short grazing periods, long rest periods
Cell Grazing Intensified rapid rotation more than 6 pastures
Which grazing system is for YOU? Things to consider:
water fencing animal nutrition time
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