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Course Study Guide

SF105Getting to Know

the BibleBy Our Daily Bread Christian University

Updated 2014



the BibleIntroduction to the Old Testament

Updated 2014

Lesson 1 Study Guide

SF105 Course Study Guide | © 2015 Our Daily Bread Ministries. All Rights Reserved. | Lesson 1 | 2

www.christianuniversity.org

ObjectivesIn Lesson One, we will provide an introduction to the Old Testament and highlight its relevance and spiritual riches.

When you complete this lesson, “Introduction to the Old Testament,” you should be able to:

• Recall key elements of the story told in the Old Testament.

• Understand some of the reasons that the Old Testament is a “treasure-house of wealth.”

• See how Old Testament books fit into the categories of history, poetry, or prophecy.



TranscriptCourse Title: Getting to Know the Bible

Lesson One: Introduction to the Old Testament

Discovering the Old Testament

The Old Testament story begins before time began. It begins: • before there was man.• before there were animals, trees, or flowers.• before there were planets and stars.• before there was water and air.• before there was sound.• before there was light. • It begins with God.

The Old Testament story emerges like a tiny shaft of light way off in the distance, races toward us through the darkness, and bursts over us in a crescendo of light, color, and sound. It fills our minds, our emotions, and our spirits with the majesty and presence of Almighty God Himself.

It’s a marvelous story as it unfolds. It’s Adam’s story. It’s Noah’s story. It’s Israel’s story. It’s our story. But, most of all, it’s God’s story. It’s the opening of His book, the explanation of His character, and the record of His mighty deeds among men from the beginning of time.

The Old Testament is a book of great spiritual and personal value. This is because: • it tells us about God.• it answers questions about how life began.• it tells how evil came into our world.• it prophesies of the Messiah-Redeemer.• it inspires us to holy living.• it fills our hearts with gratitude and praise.

Even so, the Old Testament has been undiscovered by many people. To them its wealth lies hidden, like a vast vein of gold under someone’s backyard.

Except for a few familiar passages cherished by millions—Genesis 1, Psalm 23, Isaiah 53—it remains a closed book even to many Christians. Comments like these may be heard:

“The Old Testament is not relevant to today’s world. Its ideas are old-fashioned and its language is obscure. Who needs to know about old Jewish kings and outdated laws? We need a book for today.”

“The Old Testament is filled with things that sound more like myths and legends than realities—serpents that talk and fish that swallow people whole. I’d rather read about things that can be proven scientifically.”



“I’ve tried to read the Old Testament but I find it boring. My mind wanders and I just can’t get interested. It’s pretty dull reading.”

“Frankly, the Old Testament scares me. It’s too big. Besides, there’s so much killing and war. And God seems so mean. The New Testament is more full of love.”

Admittedly, to a new reader the Old Testament does seem overwhelming. It does have sections that are hard to read. And it does contain violence. But once a person grasps some basic facts about it, the Old Testament is not nearly as imposing or old-fashioned as it may seem. It’s exciting. It’s dramatic. It’s realistic. It tells us things we need to know about ourselves and our world. And most of all, the Old Testament tells us about God!

The Riches of the Old Testament

Once you discover the Old Testament and begin to read and study it, you will find that it is filled with great riches. Here are some of the reasons it is a treasure-house of wealth to its reader.

1. The Old Testament provides the foundation for the whole Bible. The Bible is made up of two Testaments—Old and New. Both are equally part of the Bible. Both tell us about God. Both inform us about basic truths we need to know. But without a grasp of the Old Testament, the New Testament cannot be fully understood or appreciated; without the New, the Old is left incomplete. The Old Testament establishes the foundation of truth, the New Testament then builds the superstructure.

2. The Old Testament tells us about Jesus Christ. We cannot fully know about Christ and His purpose for coming into our world without studying the Old Testament. It tells us about Him in word pictures and types. It predicts His coming. It puts His ministry into focus. It gives graphic previews of His sacrifice for sin. It goes beyond today to tell us of His judgment of the world and His coming kingdom of peace. In fact, the Old Testament tells us so much about Jesus that some Bible teachers have said Christ can be seen on every page.

3. The Old Testament provides the foundation for faith in Christ. The Christian faith is built on the Old Testament. Erich Sauer, in his book The Dawn of World Redemption, said this:

The Old Testament is promise and expectation, the New is fulfillment and completion. The Old is the marshaling of the hosts to the battle of God, the New is the triumph of the crucified One. The Old is the dawn of morning, the New is the rising sun and the light of eternal day.

If Christianity, the “religion of Christ,” may be likened to a magnificent cathedral, the Old Testament is its unshakable foundation.

4. The Old Testament helps us to know God. More than anything, the Old Testament tells us about God. It makes Him known in these ways:

• Factual Knowledge. To know God, we must first know about Him. The Old Testament reveals His character in its record of His mighty deeds.

• Personal Knowledge. The Old Testament brings us past the information stage and brings us



to the place where we can know God personally through the experiences and relationships of others who walked with Him.

• Practical Knowledge. Building on a personal knowledge of God, the Old Testament also tells us how to live. It reveals His will and spells out the kind of person He wants us to be. By obeying its commands, thinking as it tells us to think, and accepting the Savior it presents, we can know how to live in our complex world.

Knowing God Through the Old Testament

The story of the Old Testament begins at creation and ends about 400 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. Its primary setting is Palestine, but its events take place in a variety of locations—the palaces of Egypt and Babylon; the deserts of Sinai and Arabia; the mountains of Ararat, Nebo, and Carmel. Although its primary emphasis is on the Jews, its story involves many peoples of the world: Egyptians, Hittites, Babylonians, Canaanites, Syrians, and a host of smaller groups. It tells of migration, military campaigns, political intrigue, and romance. It has heroes and villains; servant girls and queens; prophets and poets; judges, priests, and kings.

The Old Testament was written over a period of 1000 years (1400–400 BC) by about 30 different authors. Its historical record extends from creation to the return of the Jews from exile in Babylon. It is made up of 39 books, which may be divided into three major sections: history, poetry, and prophecy.

We would like to open the door of the Old Testament to you. We will do so by simply walking through the pages of its history. We will use the four major stages indicated in this diagram. As we do, we will stop along the way to see how the 39 books of the Old Testament fit into this historical pattern. We will also pause to consider two vital factors that relate to us today. First, we will see how God is made known through the four phases of Old Testament history by looking at representative incidents from each phase. As we see how God worked directly in the lives of the people in a supernatural and life-changing way, we will learn more about His nature and character.

Second, we will show you how you can see yourself in the Old Testament. God has not changed, and neither has humankind. Therefore, what happened in Old Testament days is representative of what happens with us today as well. In that sense, the Old Testament is neither old-fashioned nor outdated. Rather, it is a book with a great deal to say about God to contemporary people.

In today’s world of stunning scientific advances and tense world conditions, we need to know all we can about God as He is made known in the Old Testament. We need to know a God who is bigger than our world and more powerful than any ruler in it, a God who keeps His Word, a God who rescues the lost, a God who meets the deepest needs of the people He brought into existence.



Discussion QuestionsIn the past, what has been one of your greatest challenges in understanding the Old Testament?

What are some reasons one should study the Old Testament?

Why would a lack of knowledge of the Old Testament weaken our understanding of the New Testament?



The Old Testament is the Foundation

Main Segments of the Old Testament

Major Stages of the Old Testament

Further Study



1. Between the Old Testament and the New Testament, how long was God silent?A. 4 yearsB. 40 yearsC. 400 years D. 4,000 years

2. Which of the following was not listed as one of the treasures of the Old Testament in this lesson?

A. The Old Testament provides the foundation for the whole Bible.B. The Old Testament contains all the same information as the New Testament. C. The Old Testament provides the foundation for faith in Christ.D. The Old Testament helps us to know God.

3. The story of the Old Testament begins with creation and ends after the birth of Christ.A. TrueB. False

4. How many books make up the Old Testament?A. 19B. 27C. 39D. 42

5. What three major sections can the Old Testament be divided into?A. History, Psalms, and ProphecyB. History, Poetry, and ProphecyC. History, Prophecy, and ThanksgivingD. Poetry, Prophecy, and Psalms

6. What is one explanation for why the Old Testament is still relevant today?A. God has not changed and neither has humankind.B. It contains stories from the present day.C. It is easy to read.D. Most people have read the Old Testament.

7. The Old Testament prophesies of the Messiah-Redeemer.A. True B. False

Quiz



8. The Old Testament contains which of the following?A. ViolenceB. Hard-to-read passagesC. PropheciesD. All of the above

9. The Old Testament tells us so much about Jesus that some Bible teachers have said Christ can be seen on every page.

A. True B. False

10. The Old Testament was written over a period of how many years?A. 400B. 1,000 C. 1,400D. 2,000

Answers: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B



the BibleOld Testament: Beginnings Through

Settlement

Updated 2014




ObjectivesIn Lesson Two, we will provide an overview of Genesis and trace Israel’s settlement in the Promised Land.

When you complete this lesson, “Old Testament: Beginnings Through Settlement,” you should be able to:

• Identify important characters and events in Genesis.

• Explain how God’s chosen people entered and settled in the Promised Land.




Lesson Two: Old Testament: Beginnings Through Settlement

Beginnings (?–1440 BC)

The Bible opens with the words, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”1 The first two chapters of Genesis tell how God made the world in six days and rested on the seventh.

The crown of creation is humankind. Adam, the first man, was placed in a garden paradise called Eden, where he was to care for the garden.2 The animals were created in pairs, but Adam was alone.3 So God made him a woman4 and told them to have children and to populate the earth.5

The Garden of Eden was theirs to enjoy—with one exception. They were told not to eat of one tree called “the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.”6 But Eve gave in to the temptation of Satan, God’s adversary, and ate of the forbidden fruit.7 So did Adam, and they fell. They were driven from the garden:8 Eve to have sorrow and pain in childbirth,9 Adam to a life of hard toil to produce food from the earth.10

Sin had entered the race and would be part of all humankind.11 Yet God promised salvation through the seed of woman12 and pictured that salvation through the provision of coats of skins.13

So Adam and Eve began to live outside the garden. The tragedy of the fall was demonstrated early when one of Adam and Eve’s sons, Cain, killed his brother Abel.14 As the race increased in number, it became more and more wicked.15 Finally, God destroyed it in a great flood.16 Only Noah found grace in God’s eyes,17 and through the building of an ark he and his family were spared.18

From those eight people, the race again multiplied.19 At Babel, man sought to defy God by building a tower to heaven, but God scattered them and gave them different languages.20

Genesis 12 marks a change in God’s dealings with people. The Lord singled out one man, Abram, who lived in the city of Ur in Chaldea, and designated him and his offspring as His special people.21 God would make Himself known through them.22 Abram’s name was changed to Abraham,23 and he was instructed to journey to a land God would later reveal to him. That land was Palestine, and God gave it to Abraham and his children forever.24

1. Genesis 1:1; 5. Genesis 1:28; 9. Genesis 3:16; 13. Genesis 3:21; 17. Genesis 6:8; 21. Genesis 12:1-3;

2. Genesis 2:15; 6. Genesis 2:15-17; 10. Genesis 3:17-19; 14. Genesis 4:1-15; 18. Genesis 8:15-18;

22. Genesis. 15,17;

3. Genesis 2:18; 7. Genesis 3:1-6; 11. Romans 3:23; 15. Genesis 6:5-7; 19. Genesis 9:18-19;

23. Genesis 17:5;

4. Genesis 2:18-24; 8. Genesis 3:21-24; 12. Genesis 3:15; 16. Genesis 6–9 20. Genesis 11:1-9; 24. Genesis 15:18- 21



Abraham and his descendants—Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph—lived as nomads, much as the Bedouins of today. Their homes were tents. They raised cattle and sheep. The sense of family was strong, with the oldest living male member serving as patriarchal leader and family priest.

For a long time it seemed that Abraham would die without a son—in spite of God’s promise. But in their old age, Abraham and Sarah miraculously had a son—Isaac.25 Isaac’s son Jacob continued the family with 12 sons, men who became the heads of the tribes of Israel. The family stayed in Palestine until a famine drove them to Egypt. One of the 12 sons, Joseph, had risen to prominence in Egypt, and he became their protector and benefactor.26

The family stayed in Egypt 430 years and multiplied rapidly. Gradually, however, they became enslaved. The future of the family, now a sizable nation, was threatened by a royal order for all male children to be killed.27 God called a man named Moses, who had been raised in Pharaoh’s court, to lead Israel to freedom.28 After a bitter contest with Pharaoh, they marched across the Red Sea (which God parted miraculously) and into the wilderness, heading for Canaan, the Land of Promise.29

On the journey, Moses received the Law of God on Mount Sinai,30 as well as instructions for building a tent of worship.31 They arrived at the edge of Canaan and sent in spies.32 But the courage they had when they confronted Pharaoh left them, and the people refused to undertake the conquest of the Promised Land.33 Because of their unbelief, God sentenced them to wander 40 years in the desert wilderness until the entire generation had died.34

As the first five books of the Old Testament (the Pentateuch) conclude, Israel is assembled on the banks of the Jordan River. Moses, their great leader, is dead; but a new leader, Joshua, is ready to lead the march into Canaan.35

Seeing God. Now that we have reviewed the history recorded in the Pentateuch, let’s go back for another look. Remember, our goal is not merely to know the story of the Bible but to know the God behind the story—and to see ourselves in relationship with Him. The first five books are packed with information that helps us know God, so let’s look at one representative incident: the story of Noah in Genesis 6–8. As you read the account of Noah’s rescue from the flood, you will see these truths about God:

• He is a God to be feared.• He is able to create and to destroy.

25. Genesis 21; 27. Exodus 1:15-16; 29. Exodus 12:31– 14:31

31. Exodus 26; 33. Numbers 13:26–14:4;

35. Joshua 1:1-2

26. Genesis 41:37– 47:12;

28. Exodus 3; 30. Exodus 20; 32. Numbers 13:1-25;

34. Numbers 14:26- 38;



• He is patient with sinners, but His patience has limits.• He is not just loving and kind; He is also a God of righteousness, justice, and anger.• He is concerned about what is happening in His world.• He has complete control over His creation.• He has the power to interrupt history.• He is the God of new beginnings.• He rescues those who trust in Him.• He makes and keeps promises.

Seeing Ourselves. In the early chapters of Genesis, we are told of Adam and Eve’s decision to disobey God. In that act we see our own willfulness and our readiness to break His commandments. Here are several other ways we may see ourselves in the first five books of the Old Testament and in Job:

• In Cain’s jealousy, we see our own sense of competition (Genesis 4:5).• In Noah’s need for an ark of salvation, we see our own need of rescue from God’s judgment

(Genesis 6–8).• In Abraham’s faith in following God, we see our own potential for belief (Genesis 12).• In Jacob’s scheming, we see our own inclination to trust in ourselves (Genesis 25, 27).• In Joseph’s kindness to his brothers, we see our own responsibility to forgive (Genesis

42–45).• In Israel’s unwillingness to enter Canaan, we see our own weakness of faith (Exodus 14).• In Job’s response to suffering, we see our own feelings when things turn against us (Job 3).

Settlement (1440–1050 BC)

When the section of “Beginnings” ended, Israel was positioned on the bank of the Jordan River, ready to invade Palestine. Israel’s leader, Moses, was dead; but God had raised up Joshua, a new leader, to take the people into Canaan.1 Their first obstacle was the Jordan River.2 Walking behind the Ark of the Covenant, the entire nation moved forward. When the feet of the priests carrying the Ark touched the river, the waters “piled up” and the people crossed into the land promised to Abraham.3

Directly in their path was Jericho, a walled and fortified city. By a miracle, the walls fell flat and the city was conquered.4 After a brief delay at Ai because of Achan’s sin, the armies marched into Canaan.5 In a brilliant military campaign, they conquered most of the Promised Land.6 The tribes settled in the regions allotted them by God, and tribal leaders ruled the people. Conquered cities became tribal strongholds and the people became craftsmen, farmers, and shepherds. After Joshua died, the tribes became more and more independent. There was little central government. Judges arose to give regional leadership—men like Othniel, Gideon, Jephthah, and Samson7—but conditions generally deteriorated until Israel was in a state of anarchy. We are told that “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.”8

A beautiful little love story is told about Ruth, a Moabitess widow of an Israelite, who was rescued from poverty by Boaz.9 Because he was a relative through her mother-in-law Naomi, he could

1. Joshua 1:1-9; 3. Joshua 3–4; 5. Joshua 7–8; 7. Judges 3–16 9. Ruth 4

2. Joshua 2:10-11; 4. Joshua 6; 6. Joshua 10–11; 8. Judges 21:25;



marry her and thus buy back her husband’s land for her inheritance.

As the 10th century opened, the tribes of Israel were threatened by the Philistines. Samson held them back for a while, but after his death the danger increased. The need for the tribes to combine their strength became evident.

Seeing God. As we look back on the period of Israel’s settlement, we can see God in a way that will help us know Him better. For example, if you read the account of Israel’s crossing of the Jordan River (Joshua 3–4) you can observe these truths about God: • He keeps His promises.• He gives His people directions (3:8).• He promises to be with those who move forward with Him (3:7).• He supports His appointed leaders (3:7).• He has the power to turn formidable obstacles into safe pathways (3:15).• He makes His presence known (3:15-16).• He has the power to control nature (3:15-16).• He wants His mighty works remembered and recounted to our children (4:1-7).• He wants nations to know of His might (4:21-24). • Seeing Ourselves. The people of ancient days were very much like us. Consider, for example, the following: • In the confirmation of Joshua’s call, we see our own need for assurance (Joshua 1–2).• In Achan’s sin of coveting wealth, we see our own greed (Joshua 7).• In Gideon’s fleece, we see our own desire for a visible communication from God (Judges 6).• In Jephthah’s vow, we see our own rash bargaining with God (Judges 11).• In Ruth’s plight, we see our own need for a kinsman-redeemer (Ruth 4).• In Israel’s constant relapses into sin, we trace our own spiritual experience.



Discussion QuestionsBriefly explain the significance of two major characters in Genesis.

In the section “Settlement: Seeing God,” what truth about God impressed you the most? Why?



Beginnings

Migrations of the Pentateuch

Further Study



Settlement

Joshua’s Military Strategy



1. After Joshua’s death, who provided regional leadership for the Israelites?A. JudgesB. A woman named RuthC. PhilistinesD. None of the above

2. What is Genesis?A. A book of mythologyB. A book of beginnings C. A book of many prophetsD. A book of political philosophy

3. Which spiritual leader led Israel out of bondage in Egypt?A. NoahB. AbrahamC. Moses D. Joshua

4. What did God tell Adam and Eve not to do in the Garden of Eden?A. Have children and populate the earth.B. Eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. C. Eat from any of the trees.D. Care for the garden.

5. What happened when Adam and Eve did what God asked them not to do?A. They were driven from the Garden of Eden.B. Sin entered the human race.C. Eve was to have sorrow and pain in childbirth and Adam was to have a life of hard

toil to produce food from the earth.D. All of the above

6. Through which man did God make a change in His dealings with people?A. NoahB. Abram C. JacobD. Joseph

7. Which descendant of Abraham became a prominent figure in Egypt?A. IsaacB. JacobC. EsauD. Joseph

Quiz



8. Where did Moses receive the Law of God?A. CanaanB. Mount CarmelC. Mount Sinai D. The Jordan River

9. What are the first five books of the Bible called?A. GenesisB. The Old TestamentC. The Pentateuch D. All of the above

10. During the Israelites’ conquest of the Promised Land, which city’s walls miraculously fell, allowing the Israelites to conquer it?

A. Jericho B. AiC. JerusalemD. Hebron

Answers: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A



the BibleOld Testament: Kings through Exile

Updated 2014




ObjectivesIn Lesson Three, we will trace the initial history of Israel’s kings and examine the exile of Israel and Judah.

When you complete this lesson, “Old Testament: Kings Through Exile,” you should be able to:

• Trace the history of Kings from Saul to Jeroboam and Rehoboam.

• Understand key events in the return of Judah from exile.




Lesson Three: Old Testament: Kings Through Exile

Kings (1050-586 BC)

At the end of the previous section, we saw that Israel was at a spiritual low, in a state of anarchy, and in a weak military condition. The Philistines had risen in power and were threatening to swallow up the Jews, one city at a time. A clamor went up for a king to unite Israel and organize it for battle.1 So the prophet-judge Samuel anointed Saul as Israel’s first king.2

Saul’s 40-year rule was turbulent and generally ineffective. He commanded people’s respect because of his size,3 but he was hardly qualified to rule a nation. He had in his kingdom, however, a young man of tremendous abilities named David. Even before David ascended the throne, he captured the hearts of the people by killing the Philistine giant Goliath and by brilliant military and personal exploits.4 Gradually Saul lost his grip on himself and his kingdom, and when he died in battle5 David became king.6

David quickly subdued the Philistines and began to annex surrounding nations. Israel grew in wealth, military power, and influence. David succeeded in uniting the north and south,7 captured Jerusalem and made it his capital,8 and encouraged the worship of God throughout the land. He was Israel’s greatest king.

One privilege was denied him, though. God did not allow him to build the temple.9 That was accomplished by Solomon, his son and heir to the throne.10 Israel reached its zenith at the dedication of the magnificent temple he had built. Through Solomon, however, the nation began to deteriorate. He brought in wives and concubines from many lands, and they carried their false religions with them.11 He lived luxuriously, wasting the nation’s wealth.12 He did not prepare for the future. So when he died, the north seceded under his servant Jeroboam and formed an independent nation.13 When Solomon died, the people came to Rehoboam, the crown prince, with the plea:

“Your father made our yoke heavy; now therefore, lighten the burdensome service of your father, and his heavy yoke which he put on us, and we will serve you” (1 Kings 12:4).

But Rehoboam refused, and the nation divided.14 The Northern Kingdom, whose first king was Jeroboam, went its own way. Its rulers and many of its people served the pagan gods of the land.

1. 1 Samuel 8:4-5; 4. 1 Samuel 17,23; 7. 2 Samuel 5; 10. 2 Chronicles 2–6;

13. 2 Chronicles 10;

2. 1 Samuel 9:15-27;

5. 1 Samuel 31; 8. 2 Samuel 6; 11. 1 Kings 11:1-4; 14. 1 Kings 12:6-16;

3. 1 Samuel 9:2; 6. 2 Samuel 2; 9. 1 Kings 5:1-3; 12. 2 Chronicles 9:13-28;



There were some good kings in Judah, the Southern Kingdom. Interestingly, the two nations later formed a political alliance to combat Syria and later Assyria.15 There was royal intermarriage, and wicked people ruled both lands: in Israel, the house of Omri;16 in Judah, the wicked Athaliah.17 The time of the kings was also the time of the prophets.

These men fulfilled a twofold purpose: • Forthtelling—They pointed out the sin in the land and called for repentance.• Foretelling—They looked beyond the days of Israel’s failure to the coming of her Messiah

and the establishment of His kingdom.

In the days that followed, God raised up a number of prophets to proclaim His truths and to call the nation to return to Him. Some of these men spoke to Israel, some spoke to Judah, and others spoke to foreign powers.

The day of God’s judgment finally came. The two nations decayed from within, and each was defeated by a powerful outside force. The Northern Kingdom fell to the cruel Assyrians in 722 BC.18 Its people were forced to intermarry with other captives, and it soon lost its ethnic, political, and religious identity.

The Southern Kingdom lasted another 150 years, with flashes of glory such as during the reign of Azariah19 and Josiah.20 It finally fell to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, in 586 BC.21

Seeing God. As we look at the period of Israel’s kings, we see God at work in ways that help us know Him better. An example is the anointing of David as king and his activities before he ascended the throne (1 Samuel 16-31). We learn that:

• God sometimes uses intermediaries to call people to special places of service (16:1-13).• God’s choices are not always based on appearances (16:7).• God is able to make the last become first (16:11).• God uses His anointed to topple those who are mighty in man’s eyes (ch. 17).• God values life over ritual (ch. 21).• God gives us the grace to be merciful to our enemies (chs. 24, 26).• God sometimes uses the bad to accomplish His purposes (ch. 31).

Seeing Ourselves. The times of Israel’s kings also show us ourselves. Observe how these incidents echo God’s work in our own times.

• In Saul’s jealous anger, we see our own envy of those who replace us (1 Samuel 18–19).• In Hannah’s earnest prayer for a son, we see our own desire for God’s blessing (1 Samuel

1–2).

15. 2 Chronicles 18;

16. 1 Kings 16:21;

17. 2 Kings 11;

18. 2 Kings 17;

19. 2 Kings 15:1-7;

20. 2 Kings 22–23;

21. 2 Kings 25



• In the words of Psalm 1, we see our own path to blessing.• In Psalm 32, we hear our own cry for forgiveness.• In Psalm 100, we find words for our own feelings of praise to the Lord.• In Ecclesiastes, we find expression for our own struggle with a sense of futility (1:2).• In Elijah’s flight from Jezebel, we see our own faltering faith before a powerful foe (1 Kings

19).• In the healing of Hezekiah, we see our own need for the healing that God alone can give (2

Kings 20).• In Zedekiah’s disregard of the prophets, we see our own refusal to heed God’s Word (2

Chronicles 36:11-14).

Exile (586-400 BC)

Happily, the story of the Old Testament does not end with Jerusalem in ruins and her people exiled in Babylon. Rather, it concludes with the return of the Jews to Jerusalem, the rebuilding of the walls, and the restoration of the temple. It also tells of the spiritual rebirth of the people and their willingness to trust in the leading of God.

The period of the Exile actually covers two subjects: (1) the exile in Babylon, and (2) the return to Jerusalem. Two different nations ruled Judah in exile. Babylonia was crumbling and in 536 BC (50 years after the Jews were deported) the kingdom of Medo-Persia succeeded in conquering her. The new ruler, Cyrus, allowed the Hebrews to return to their land.1 Under Zerubbabel, 42,360 Jews made the long journey back to Jerusalem2 and immediately began work on the temple.3

Opposed in their project by the Samaritans, the people became discouraged.4 Work on the temple ceased for about 10 years, and the people slid back into spiritual complacency. But the preaching of Haggai and Zechariah, as well as the spiritual leadership of Ezra, caused them to take up the work again.5 They completed the temple in 515 BC.6

About 50 years later, Nehemiah, still in Babylon, felt a great concern for the Jews of Jerusalem.7 As one of King Artaxerxes’ important servants, he was able to approach the monarch for permission to lead a procession back to Jerusalem and rebuild the walls of the city.8 Permission was granted and funding supplied.9 In record time the walls were rebuilt.10

After 12 years,11 Nehemiah returned to the court of Babylon.12 In his absence, the people and priests took up their evil ways once again.13 The prophet Malachi was raised up to point out their sins14 and warn them about the judgment of God.15

1. Ezra 1; 4. Ezra 4; 7. Nehemiah 1; 10. Nehemiah 6:15; 13. Nehemiah 13:7-30;

2. Ezra 2; 5. Ezra 5:1-2; 8. Nehemiah 2:1-5; 11. Nehemiah 5:14; 14. Malachi 1–2;

3. Ezra 3:8; 6. Ezra 6:13-18 9. Nehemiah 2:6-8; 12. Nehemiah 13:6; 15. Malachi 4



Seeing God. As we read about the decree of Cyrus in Ezra 1, we observe the following truths about God:

• In Babylon’s practice of letting a nation maintain its ethnic and religious identity, we see God at work protecting His people.

• In the captivity, we see God’s ability to move a whole nation to accomplish His purposes. • In the decree of Cyrus, we see His power to direct the thinking of a powerful ruler. • In the provision of material to build, we see His power to supply. • In the return of the Jews, we see God’s commitment to His covenants and prophecies. • In the return of Israel, we see His exaltation among the nations.

Seeing Ourselves. We can see ourselves in the era of exile and return in the following representative ways:

• In Israel’s exile, we see our own sense of estrangement from God because of sin.• In the Jews’ return to faith, we see our own flight to God in times of chastisement.• In the decrees of Cyrus and Darius, we recognize the hand of God directing our affairs.• In Esther’s courage, we see our own potential for stalwart deeds of faith • (Esther 8).• In the returned exiles’ fear of opposition, we see our own trembling before God’s foes (Ezra

4).• In their stopping the building of the temple, we see our own lack of determination (Ezra 4).• In Daniel’s courage, we see our own potential to stand up for our convictions (Daniel 1, 6).• In Israel’s hope of the Messiah, we see our own expectation of His return.



Discussion QuestionsIn briefly considering Saul and Solomon, what spiritual hazards should we avoid?

Why did God use exile as a form of discipline for Israel? What spiritual lesson can we learn from this?



Kings

The Days of the Kings

Exile

Further Study



The Names of God in the Old Testament

People in Old Testament times believed that the most intimate knowledge of a person comes through knowing his name. For that reason, a study of the names of God in the Old Testament is a good way to learn what He is like.

God made Himself known through many names. We will look at the three most common ones in the Old Testament: Elohim, Jehovah, and Adonai.

ElohimThis name for God appears 2,570 times in the Old Testament and 35 times between Genesis 1:1 and 2:4. The name “Elohim” speaks of God’s mighty power and strength. We would expect it to appear often in the opening verses of Genesis because God’s power as Creator is depicted there.

The name “Elohim” tells us that there is no greater power than God in heaven or on earth. It also tells us of His self-sufficiency; that is, that His power comes exclusively from Himself and is not bestowed on Him by anyone else.

JehovahThis is God’s personal name. It is what He calls Himself (see Exodus 3:15). It is composed of a four-letter Hebrew construct roughly equivalent to our YHWH. The name “Jehovah” occurs 6,823 times in the Old Testament.

The ancient Hebrews regarded this name as being so sacred that they even refused to pronounce it, substituting the word “Adonai” whenever it appeared.

The Masoretes, the 8th-century AD Jewish scholars who copied the Hebrew Bible, carried this same deep respect for the name “Jehovah.” Before a scribe would copy it, he would go to his chambers, bathe, and put on a clean robe. In some chapters, such as Deuteronomy 28, he would have to go through this cleansing ritual 40 times!

The name “Jehovah” is more personal than the name “Elohim.” It describes God in His relationship with His people – His presence with us and His interaction with us. “Jehovah” expresses the love of God, His concern for the sins of His people, His pledge to keep His covenants, and His promise to redeem.

AdonaiThis name, which is used for God some 300 times in the Old Testament, is made up of two parts: adon, which means “Lord” or “Master,” and the ending ai, which means “my.” Thus the name “Adonai” could be translated “my Lord” or “my Master.” It suggests the relationship between the Sovereign Master and a submissive servant (see Genesis 15:2, 8).

To summarize: “Elohim” speaks of God’s unlimited power, “Jehovah” speaks of His love and holiness, and “Adonai” speaks of His right to rule over us. These names and their compounds give us a clear picture of what God is like and how He wants to be known. When we acknowledge His unlimited power at work in our lives and in the world around us, when we come to grips with His untainted holiness and experience for ourselves His overwhelming love, and when we establish a servant-Master relationship with Him, we are truly on the way to knowing God.



Jesus Christ and the Old Testament

If we are to know God through the Old Testament, we must spend some time looking at its relationship to His Son, Jesus Christ. That relationship goes two ways: (1) the Old Testament teaching about Christ, and (2) Christ’s use of the Old Testament.

1. The Old Testament Teaching About Christ.From the opening pages of Genesis through the Prophets, the Old Testament predicts the coming of a Redeemer-King, Jesus Christ, and tells us of His work among men and before God. That teaching takes two major forms: prophecy and types.

There is one central theme which, like a golden thread, runs through all the stories of the Old Testament – the coming of Jesus Christ.-William Hendriksen

Prophecy. The prophecies about Christ touch many aspects of His life and ministry. Here is a brief sample of the more than 300 Old Testament prophecies about Christ.

• Born of woman (Genesis 3:15)• Descended from Abraham (Genesis 22:18)• From the tribe of Judah (Genesis 49:10)• Crucified and forsaken by God (Psalm 22)• Ruler in Zion (Psalm 110)• Virgin-born (Isaiah 7:14)• The God-King (Isaiah 9:6)• Descended from David (Isaiah 11:1)• The Servant of Jehovah (Isaiah 42)• Born in Bethlehem of Judah (Micah 5:2)• Humble entry into Jerusalem (Zechariah 9:9)

Types. The work of Christ was also predicted throughout the Old Testament in typology. Here are some primary examples:

• Adam (Genesis 2; Romans 5:9)• Melchizedek (Genesis 14:17-20; Hebrews 7)• Isaac, offered at Moriah (Genesis 22)• The Passover lamb (Exodus 12; 1 Corinthians 5:7-8)• The High Priest (Exodus 28; Hebrews 4:14-15)• The burnt offering (Leviticus 1; Ephesians 5:2)• The Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16; Hebrews 9:28)• The Kinsman-Redeemer (Ruth 4; Acts 20:28)• The Suffering Servant (Isaiah 53; Mark 10:45)

2. Christ’s Use of the Old Testament.The way Christ used the Old Testament showed that He considered it the authoritative Word of God.



He Accepted Its History. Jesus regarded the Old Testament record as a straightforward presentation of fact. In teaching or in conversation, He referred to the following people, confirming their existence:

• Abel (Luke 11:51)• Noah (Matthew 24:37-39)• Abraham (John 8:56)• Lot (Luke 17:28-32)• Elijah (Luke 4:25)• Elisha (Luke 4:27)• Jonah (Matthew 12:39-41)

He Accepted Its Authority. When in controversy with the religious leaders of Israel – the Pharisees (Matthew 23:2-3) and the Sadducees (22:29) – Christ turned to the Old Testament as His final court of appeal.

He Used It as an Ethical Guide. Jesus used the Old Testament as authoritative in telling people how to live. Examples are the rich young ruler (Matthew 19:16-22) and the lawyer who asked about the greatest commandment (22:35-40).

He Used It in His Teaching. The following verses are examples of Jesus’ use of the Old Testament in His teaching:

• “Having eyes, do you not see? And having ears do you not hear?” (Mark 8:18; Jeremiah 5:21).• “Their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched” (Mark 9:48; Isaiah 66:24).• “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God” (Matthew 5:8; Psalm 73:1).• “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth” (Matthew 5:5; Psalm 37:11).

Sometimes the critics of the Old Testament claim that Christ actually refuted it during His ministry. They point to those occasions when He referred to Old Testament passages dealing with the Sabbath rules (Matthew 9:13; 12:7; Mark 2:28) or the cleansing of foods (Matthew 15:1-20). The “you have heard . . . but I say to you” section of the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:21-48) is another example. On close examination, it becomes clear that Christ was not repudiating the Old Testament. Rather, He was explaining or clarifying it. This is especially true of the Law, which He said He did not come to destroy but to fulfill (Matthew 5:17-20).



The Message of the Old Testament

What, then, was the Old Testament written to tell us? What did its writers from long ago have to say that relates to our contemporary world?

They told us about God. They said that He is not like the pagan gods. He is not carved from wood or hewn out of stone as a crude extension of man himself. The God of the Old Testament is a living God of tremendous complexity and awesome power—a God who is vitally interested in and concerned for every man, woman, and child.

God made Himself known in the Old Testament as the eternal, self- existent One. He created our world and all that is in it. He made us to be independent people with minds to think, wills to make moral choices, and emotions to feel the heartthrob of life. And He made us with a deep thirst for a satisfying relationship with Him.

When, in Adam, we made the wrong moral choice and disobeyed God, He would have been just in destroying us. But in mercy He began to reveal, with unfolding clarity throughout the Old Testament, a way of rescue. He promised the coming of a Messiah-King who would pay our penalty for sin and open the door to a restored relationship with Him.

The message of the Old Testament, then, is that we can satisfy our thirst for peace with the true and living God. And the way to that peace is through faith in the Messiah-King He sent to redeem us from our sin.



1. After the death of King Solomon, Israel was divided when:A. Rehoboam ruled the Northern KingdomB. Jeroboam ruled the Southern KingdomC. Both of the aboveD. None of the above

2. In our study, what does “exile” refer to?A. The exile in BabylonB. The return to JerusalemC. Both of the above D. None of the above

3. When Israel repeatedly disobeyed God, how was she disciplined?A. By all the plagues that Egypt experiencedB. By being forbidden to ever return to the Garden of EdenC. By being taken into exile D. None of the above

4. Who was Israel’s first king?A. SamuelB. Saul C. DavidD. Solomon

5. Which people were threatening the Israelites, prompting the anointing of Israel’s first king?A. AssyriansB. Philistines C. BabyloniansD. All of the above

6. Which privilege did God deny David, and accomplish through Solomon?A. Conquering the PhilistinesB. Building the temple C. Writing the PsalmsD. Defeating the giant Goliath

7. In what way(s) did Solomon disappoint God?A. He married wives from foreign lands, and brought in their false religions. B. He wasted Israel’s wealth.C. He did not prepare for the future.D. All of the above

Quiz



8. When Israel divided into two kingdoms, what were the names of the Northern and Southern kingdoms (respectively)?

A. Israel and Judah B. North and SouthC. Syria and AssyriaD. Israel and Jerusalem

9. For what purpose did God send the prophets?A. To punish the IsraelitesB. To call the Israelites to repentance C. To tell the Israelites He had abandoned themD. To destroy the Israelites

10. Which Persian king allowed the Jews to return to their land?A. EzraB. NehemiahC. ArtaxerxesD. Cyrus

Answers: 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D



the BibleIntroduction to the New Testament

Updated 2014




ObjectivesIn Lesson Four, we will see why the New Testament has been both loved and hated, and we will consider the influence of culture on its authors. When you complete this lesson, “Introduction to the New Testament,” you should be able to:

• Explain why the New Testament has been both loved and hated.

• Understand the influence of culture on the writers of the New Testament.




Lesson Four: Introduction to the New Testament

The New Testament completes the story begun in the Old Testament. It tells about the coming of Jesus Christ, the long-awaited Jewish Messiah. Even though He didn’t write a word of it, the New Testament is His book. It records His teachings and the story of His life, death, and resurrection. His followers claimed to write and speak with an authority granted by God. This book has had a more profound and controversial impact on the world than any other book ever written.

Millions Have Loved It. Down through the centuries, people imprisoned by sin have found life and freedom through faith in the One the New Testament was written to proclaim. Those who have been held captive by bars and walls, such as Fyodor Dostoevski in Siberia and the inmates of concentration camps, have found freedom of mind, heart, and soul through its words. People enchained in broken bodies, or shackled by physical suffering, or tortured by the unseen enemy, or enslaved in spiritual darkness, or bound by relentless legalism, or crippled by a fearsome self-doubt have responded by faith to its message of freedom. They have stepped into the light of God’s liberating, never-changing love, as expressed in the New Testament.

Millions Have Hated It. Emperors like Nero and Diocletian tried to destroy the New Testament. Philosophers like Voltaire have proclaimed it to be a dead book of lies. Social scientists have scoffed at the solutions to man’s problems set forth by the humble Galilean. Modernists and futurists have labeled its morals as hopelessly outdated and proclaimed it to be a book for the past—a book without the power to make an impact on the world in the 21st century.

Even so, the New Testament lives on. The same burning message that conquered the Roman world, lit the fires of the Reformation, and ignited the great revivals of the 19th century continues to burn with liberating brightness.

Why is this collection of 27 books written in the last half of the first century by a few zealous followers of the Jewish Messiah having such an impact? Because it is part of the Bible, the one book in all the world that can bring us to God. The gospel of Jesus Christ has the power to break every chain that binds us. Yes, the New Testament brings God to us and it can bring us to Him. Through it, we can know Him in a personal, liberating, growing way.

The Background of the New Testament

God had been silent for 400 years. The devout of Israel had waited in vain for God to speak again and for their anticipated Messiah to come. But nothing had been revealed since the prophet Malachi put down his pen, finishing the Old Testament. Then in sudden, bold, broad-sweeping strokes, God revealed Himself in two ways: (1) through the coming of Jesus Christ, His Son, and (2) through the writing of the New Testament.

The world had changed greatly during those 400 years of silence. Palestine itself was vastly



different from those struggling days when Jewish zealots returned from Babylon to reconstruct their temple and rebuild the walls of Jerusalem.

To understand the impact of Christ’s coming and the background of the New Testament, we need to acquaint ourselves with political, social, economic, and religious forces that were alive in the world into which the Lord Jesus was born. The Roman World. Rome was the dominant force in the first-century world. Its armies had marched with power and precision across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, bringing nation after nation under its control. Palestine had fallen to General Pompey in 63 BC. Though taxed heavily, Israel benefited from Roman rule:

• Peace. The world was at peace in the days of the New Testament. • Government. The emperor had the power to force reigning governors to rule well. In many

cases this kept them from amassing great private wealth at the expense of the people. • Travel. Because of the Roman peace, people could travel freely from country to country. • Communication. The flow of information was the best the world had ever known. Because

of these factors, Christianity got a firm foothold and grew rapidly under Roman rule.

Greek Influence. Although the Greek Empire had collapsed before New Testament days, it was still a powerful world influence in the following ways:

Language. Alexander the Great’s lightning-fast conquests (331–322 BC) made Greek the dominant language of the civilized world. When the Romans conquered territory, they encouraged its continued use. This benefited Christianity because: (1) a common language made the spread of the gospel easier, and (2) the New Testament was written in Greek and could be understood by everyone.

Culture. The Greek mind confronted basic questions about man, life, and the supernatural. The Greek poets, dramatists, and philosophers had thereby prepared the way for the satisfying answers Christianity brought to a searching and dissatisfied world.

Jewish Background. The Jewish background of the New Testament was important because: (1) Christianity was born in a Jewish environment, and (2) Christianity was rooted in what God had already made known to His people through the Old Testament.

When Christ was alive, Judea was governed by officials appointed by Rome. Even so, the Jews were left to run their own internal affairs. They did so through the Sanhedrin, a ruling body of 70 whose leader was the high priest.

The religious life of Israel was centered in two institutions. The first was the temple, which had recently been rebuilt by Herod the Great. It was a magnificent structure, constructed to appease the Jews. Old Testament rituals were elaborately carried out by devout Jews from all walks of life. The second, the synagogues, were centers of worship and instruction scattered throughout the land. Their services were simple, consisting of prayer, Scripture reading, and explanation. Jewish boys were educated in synagogues, and their learning was primarily religious. It was into



this combination of Roman rule, Greek thought, and Jewish tradition that Jesus was born and Christianity took root.



Discussion Questions

Why have some people loved and other people hated the New Testament?

Why would understanding the historical and cultural influences on the New Testament help us understand it better?



Things New in the New Testament

• A new covenant (Matthew 26:28; 2 Corinthians 3:6; Hebrews 9:15)

• A new commandment (John 13:34; 1 John 2:7-8)

• A new creation (2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 6:15)

• A new life in the Spirit (Romans 6:4; 7:6)

• A new man (Ephesians 2:15; Colossians 3:10)

• A new heaven and earth (2 Peter 3:13; Revelation 21:1)

• A new name (Revelation 2:17; 3:12)

• A new song (Revelation 5:9; 14:3)

Further Study



Jewish Groups in Jesus’ Day

1. Pharisees. Originating in the second century BC, this legalistic group believed in the combined authority of Scripture and oral tradition. They believed in angels, immortality, resurrection, and divine providence. In Jesus’ day, they strongly objected to the Greek influence on Judaism, and they were primarily involved in synagogue worship.

2. Sadducees. This party originated as a reaction to the Pharisees. They affirmed the authority of the Law but rejected oral tradition. Primarily from wealthy and influential families, they favored adopting Greek culture, denied resurrection, immortality, and the existence of angels, and accept-ed the free will of man. The Sadducees were mainly involved in the Jerusalem temple worship.

3. Essenes. These extreme isolationists tried to escape the corruption of the world by living ascet-ic lifestyles in the desert caves of Qumran.

4. Herodians. These people accepted a way of thinking that supported Roman rule in Palestine. Their goal was to keep Herod’s family in power.

5. Zealots. These Jewish patriots vigorously opposed Roman rule by using guerrilla-type activities to stir up revolt. The extent of their zeal was evidenced by the 960 people who committed suicide at Masada rather than be captured by Roman soldiers.



1. The religious life of Israel was centered in these two institutions:A. Cantor and BarvitzmaB. Purim and PassoverC. Temple and Synagogue D. None of the above

2. What was not listed as part of the background for the writing of the New Testament?A. The Roman Empire brought peace, unifying government, and extensive roads.B. The Babylonian Empire had left Persian laws in the West.C. The Greek language provided a common language.D. The Jews had been given the Old Testament with synagogues as centers of worship.

3. The New Testament message of grace and forgiveness has always been loved by all who have heard it.

A. TrueB. False

4. How many books are in the New Testament?A. 17B. 20C. 27 D. 32

5. Who were the Sanhedrin?A. The ruling body of the Jews, led by the high priest B. The members of Roman government, led by the Roman emperorC. A group of Greek philosophersD. None of the above

6. When Jesus Christ was alive, Judea was governed by Roman officials.A. True B. False

7. During Jesus’ time, where were Jewish boys educated?A. Roman schools B. Synagogues C. Greek schoolsD. The temple

Quiz



8. In what way(s) did Greek culture benefit Christianity?A. Greek philosophers, poets, and dramatists were all supportive of Jesus’ message.B. The Greek Empire was still a strong force in New Testament Days and its leaders

worked to spread the gospel.C. Both A and BD. A common language made the spread of the gospel easier.

9. According to the lecture, how did God reveal Himself after being silent for 400 years?A. Through the coming of Jesus ChristB. Through the writing of the New TestamentC. Both A and B D. Through the writing of the Old Testament

10. Who was the dominant force in the first-century world?A. Rome B. GreeceC. IsraelD. Persia

Answers: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A



the BibleNew Testament:

The Gospels and Acts

Updated 2014




ObjectivesIn Lesson Five, we will learn the various categories of New Testament books, consider events in the life of Christ, and learn major themes in the book of Acts. When you complete this lesson, “New Testament: The Gospels and Acts,” you should be able to:

• Briefly state the content of the Gospels, the book of Acts, the Epistles (letters), and the book of Revelation.

• Give a brief overview of the life of Christ as contained in the Gospels.

• Explain the major themes of the book of Acts.




Lesson Five: New Testament: The Gospels and Acts

Knowing God Through the New Testament

The New Testament is a collection of smaller books. The 27 books in this “library” were written over a span of 50 years (AD 45–95) by eight known authors (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Peter, Paul, James, Jude) and one unidentified author (Hebrews).

The history of the Old Testament covers thousands of years; the New, about a century. Yet that century was the most important in the history of man. It was during those years that Jesus Christ was born, conducted His public ministry, was crucified, and was resurrected. Messianic prophecy was fulfilled, and God’s plan of salvation was accomplished. The birth, the establishment, and the initial expansion of the church also occurred in that century.

The books of the New Testament are not arranged in the order in which they were written. Rather, they are placed in four literary groupings: 1. Gospels: Four biographies of Jesus Christ 2. Acts: The history of the early church 3. Letters: Twenty-one letters that define Christian belief and practice 4. Revelation: A vision of the endtimes

The word testament means “covenant” or “agreement.” The New Testament, then, tells of a new relationship between God and people—a new way of knowing God. The old covenant was based on the Mosaic Law and was made with the Jewish nation. The new (1 Corinthians 11:25) was made with people of every nation who accepted by faith the salvation offered through Jesus Christ.

The 27 books of the New Testament are filled with intense drama, inspired teaching, and practical instruction. According to the New Testament itself, they originated in the mind of God, came to us by divine inspiration, and were kept from error through the ministry of the Holy Spirit (2 Timothy 3:16).

God became a man and dwelt among us (John 1:14), revealing Himself more fully. The New Testament records the life, teaching, and impact of this God-man, the Lord Jesus Christ. That’s why an understanding of the New Testament is essential if we are to know God better.

1. Gospels: BiographyThe New Testament story begins with the cry of a newborn baby. In Bethlehem of Judea, a son was born to Joseph of Nazareth and his young wife, Mary. But this was no ordinary birth. It was a virgin birth, prophesied in the Old Testament, announced by angels, and made possible by a miracle.



Jesus’ Birth. An angel appeared to Mary, a devout Jewish girl, to tell her three astounding things: (1) She was to be the mother of the “Son of the Highest” who would be given “the throne of His father David.” (2) He would be miraculously conceived by the Holy Spirit. (3) Her aged cousin Elizabeth was pregnant.1

Joseph, Mary’s husband-to-be, was troubled when he learned that she was pregnant. But he was told by an angel that the baby conceived in her was from the Holy Spirit, that he should marry her, and that this child would “save His people from their sins.”2

When it came time for Mary to deliver, she and Joseph were in Bethlehem, “the city of David,” miles away from home because Rome had demanded that everyone in Palestine enroll for the tax in the city of their lineage.3 This fulfilled a prophecy of Micah.4

Angels heralded Jesus’ birth to shepherds on a Judean hillside.5 Eastern astrologers followed the leading of a star to worship Him.6 Joseph was warned by an angel in a dream to flee to Egypt, saving the child from a massacre by the jealous and cruel King Herod.7

Jesus’ Inauguration. The child born to Elizabeth was John the Baptizer. He began to preach, calling the Jews to repentance in preparation for the kingdom of God.8 Those who purified their hearts testified to their act of preparation by being baptized.

One day, while John was baptizing in the Jordan River, Jesus came and insisted on being baptized.9 While He was in the water, the Holy Spirit descended on Him like a dove and the Father in heaven voiced His approval.10 John’s words, “Behold! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!”11 introduced Jesus to the world as its Messiah-Savior. The next day, Jesus was led by the Holy Spirit into the wilderness where He was tempted by Satan.12 Jesus thwarted His enemy’s attack by quoting from the Old Testament.

Jesus’ Public Ministry. After His temptation in the wilderness, Jesus began to make Himself known to the people. His 3 years of public life were marked by 3 major activities: teaching, performing miracles, and training His apostles.

The Sermon on the Mount13 was Jesus’ first great teaching session. In it He presented principles for living in His kingdom,14 His relationship to the Law,15 and instruction in prayer.16 He taught in ways the common people understood: parables,17 epigrams,18 and object lessons.19 Yet He taught with authority.20

His teaching was accompanied by miracles. He demonstrated that His claim to be the Son of God was true by showing His power over nature,21 demons,22 disease,23 and even death.24

1. Luke 1:26-38; 5. Luke 2:8-14; 9. Matthew 3:13-15 13. Matthew 5–7 17. Matthew 13 21. Mark 4:35-41

2. Matthew 1:18-23; 6. Matthew 2:1-12 10. Matthew 3:16-17

14. Matthew 5:1-12 18. Matthew 12:33 22. Luke 9:37-42

3. Luke 2:1-3; 7. Matthew 2:13-18 11. John 1:29 15. Matthew 5:17-48

19. Matthew 9:16-17

23. Mark 6:53-56

4. Micah 5:2; 8. Matthew 3:1-12 12. Matthew 4:1-11 16. Matthew 6:5-13 20. Mark 1:22 24. Luke 7:11-18



Jesus chose 12 men to be His apostles.25 During the last 2 years of His public ministry, these men were with Him nearly all the time. This was important because the responsibility of carrying out His plan would fall squarely on their shoulders when He was gone.

Crowds flocked to Jesus. It seemed that wherever He went, He was surrounded by throngs. The common people accepted Him, and He soon became popular.

The religious leaders of Israel, however, hated Him. They resented His popularity and they despised His claims. To them He was an impostor and a blasphemer, so they began plotting His death.26

As His ministry drew to a close, even the crowds forsook Him.27 His enemies grew more bold. Finally, one of His own apostles conspired to betray Him.28

Jesus’ Death. Each of the four gospel writers closed his book with an account of the last few days of Jesus’ life. In Matthew, it covers 9 chapters; in Mark, 6; in Luke, 4 1/2 long chapters; and in John, 10. This should not surprise us, for Jesus had made it clear from the beginning that He had come to give His life.29 Seven times He had told His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and die.

Jesus traveled to Jerusalem at Passover, the annual commemoration of Israel’s rescue from the slaying of the firstborn in Egypt. When He came into the city of Zion in a triumphal entry, He was celebrated by the common people.30 The next day, He threw the moneychangers out of the temple.31

His enemies, masterminded by Caiaphas the high priest, planned Jesus’ death.32 He met with His disciples one last time in an upper room, and while they were assembled, Judas left to betray Him.33 Jesus initiated the communion service before making His way to the Garden of Gethsemane to pray.34 There He was arrested by a mob and then given an illegal trial before the Sanhedrin, declared guilty, and brought to Pilate.35 When the Roman proconsul could not persuade the mob to release Him, he turned Him over to them.36 Jesus was led to Calvary, where He was crucified with two criminals.37 When He died, His body was claimed by two of His followers and placed in a new tomb.38

All seemed lost for Jesus’ disciples. But 3 days later, He rose from the dead.39 He appeared privately to His disciples on several occasions, and was also seen by hundreds of others.40 He had conquered death! The last sight of Him was His ascension into heaven 40 days after His resurrection.41

Seeing God. Because Jesus was God in the flesh, and because the Gospels tell His story, they tell us volumes about God. Here are some examples of what Christ’s life, death, and resurrection tell us

25. Luke 6:12-16 28. John 12:4 31. Mark 11:12-18 34. Mark 14:22-32 37. Matthew 27:27-44

40. 1 Corinthians 15:3-8

26. Matthew 9:3; 12:14

29. Mark 8:31 32. Matthew 26:3-4; 35. Luke 22:47–23:12

38. John 19:38-42 41. Acts 1:1-11

27. John 6:60-66; 7:12,40-44

30. Matthew 21:1-9 33. John 13:2, 24-30 36. Luke 23:13-25 39. Luke 24:1-9



about God. • In Jesus’ birth, we see the mercy of God as He humbled Himself to come to our rescue

(Matthew 1:21-23). • In Jesus’ teaching, we see the wisdom and goodness of God as He tells us what to believe

and how to live (John 12:49-50). • In Jesus’ miracles, we see the unlimited power of God to control nature, disease, and death

(Mark 4:35-41; Luke 7:11-18; 9:37-42). • In Jesus’ training of the Twelve, we see God’s desire to work through His people (John

14:12). • In Jesus’ death, we see how far God would go to redeem us from our sins (John 3:16).• In Jesus’ resurrection, we see the supernatural power of God to conquer death (Mark 16:1-

8).

2. Acts: HistoryThe hopes of Jesus’ disciples were crushed when Jesus died. His crucifixion had left them scattered and disillusioned. The news of His resurrection, however, brought them hope, and His appearance transformed them. From that little band of men, the church grew rapidly to worldwide dimensions. The book of Acts tells the story of the beginnings of the church. We will look at it under four headings: power, proclamation, persecution, and Paul.

Power (Acts 1–2:13). Before Jesus ascended to the Father,1 He told His disciples to wait in Jerusalem until the coming of the Holy Spirit.2 Ten days later, as the disciples were gathered on the Day of Pentecost, the Holy Spirit came.

When the Day of Pentecost had fully come, they were all with one accord in one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven, as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting. Then there appeared to them divided tongues, as of fire, and one sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance (Acts 2:1-4).

This marked the beginning of the church, the “called out ones” of all generations who compose the body of Christ. What appeared to be flames rested on each of the disciples, and they began to speak in foreign languages they had never learned. A sound like a howling wind caused a crowd to gather, and people from many countries heard the disciples speaking in their native dialects. That great institution for this age, the church, had begun.

Proclamation (2:14–3:26). Jesus had said that the disciples would receive power to become His witnesses.3 The very day they received that power, they began to proclaim Christ. Peter stood and addressed the crowd with great courage. The theme of his sermon was this: You crucified your long-awaited Messiah, but God raised Him from the dead.4 When the people asked what they should do, Peter replied:

1. Acts 1:9-10 2. Acts 1:4-5 3. Acts 1:8; 4. Acts 2:22-36



Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit (2:38).

That day about 3,000 people trusted in Christ, and the church began to grow.5 Peter and John preached again in Solomon’s portico,6 and many more believed in the saving message of the gospel.7

Persecution (Acts 4:1–8:3). With growth came opposition. Peter and John were arrested for preaching, threatened, and ordered to stop.8 But they refused to obey the order and prayed for even more boldness to preach.9 The Sadducees were jealous of the apostles’ popularity, so they had them arrested and imprisoned.10 After they were freed by an angel11 the apostles were recaptured and brought before the Jewish council, where they were beaten and commanded not to preach.12

They told the council that they would obey God rather than men, and they continued daily in their preaching and teaching.13

The religious leaders’ hatred of the Christians finally focused on Stephen. When he was brought before the high priest, Stephen preached with tremendous power, concluding his address with these strong words of condemnation:

You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears! You always resist the Holy Spirit; as your fathers did, so do you. Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? And they killed those who foretold the coming of the Just One, of whom you now have become the betrayers and murderers, who have received the law by the direction of angels and have not kept it (Acts 7:51-53).

The crowd was furious. Stirred up by the religious leaders, they stoned Stephen to death.14 A man in that crowd named Saul held the garments of those who threw the rocks. He then took the lead in persecuting Christians, going from house to house and imprisoning men and women alike.15 The followers of Jesus fled Jerusalem, and wherever they scattered they took the gospel with them.16 Some went to Damascus, and Saul got permission to go and arrest them.17

Paul (Acts 9:1–28:31). As Saul was traveling to Damascus, a brilliant light stopped him and forced him to the ground.18 A voice spoke to him from the light. When Saul asked who was speaking, Jesus identified Himself. In an instant Saul was converted. He said, “Lord, what do you want me to do?”19 Blinded, he was led to the house of Judas in Damascus, where the Lord used Ananias to restore Paul’s sight.20

5. Acts 2:41-47 8. Acts 4:1-21 11. Acts 5:19 14. Acts 7:54-60 17. Acts 9:1-2

6. Acts 3:11-26 9. Acts 4:23-31 12. Acts 5:26-40 15. Acts 8:3 18. Acts 9:3-4

7. Acts 4:4 10. Acts 5:17-18 13. Acts 5:29,42 16. Acts 8:4 19. Acts 9:6

20. Acts 9:17-18



What a transformation! The persecutor became a follower; the antagonist became a believer. He would become the great missionary to the Gentiles—the one who would break the European barrier and take the gospel to the very heart of Rome itself.

Paul was called to carry the gospel to the Gentiles. Accompanied by Barnabas, Silas, or Timothy, he went into city after city to proclaim Christ. His method was to go to the synagogue and teach as a rabbi. Usually the Jews would resist him, but he would still gather a following. He would then stay in the city, meet with the believers in homes, and continue to preach and teach as long as it was safe. Sometimes it would take beatings, scourgings, or imprisonment to make him move on. Thousands believed and churches were established in private homes. After Paul moved on, he often wrote to the churches to confirm the believers in the faith, to correct their doctrine, or to instruct them in Christian behavior. The day came when Paul could no longer avoid imprisonment. He was arrested in Jerusalem,21 where he appealed to his Roman citizenship.22 He was transported at night to Caesarea,23 before being sent to Rome,24 where he remained under house arrest for 2 years.25 But he was still able to preach and teach26 and correspond with the churches he had planted.

The initial work was done. The church, firmly established in Jerusalem, had spread throughout the Roman world. Many thousands of people from all walks of life had believed. And the flame that was ignited on Pentecost still burns brightly today.

Seeing God. We can know God better through the history of the church recorded in Acts. Consider the following:

• In the coming of the Comforter, we see that God does not leave His people without help (Acts 2).

• In the establishment and growth of the church, we see that God has provided for the spiritual and personal needs of believers (Acts 2:40-47).

• In the boldness of the disciples, we see the power of the Holy Spirit available to us today (Acts 4:33).

• In the persecution of the Christians, we see the way God turns adversity into opportunity and accomplishment (Acts 8:4).

• In the missionary journeys, we see how God backs up His commission with His help (Acts 16:20-26).

21. Acts 21:31-35 22. Acts 22:22-29 23. Acts 23:23-33 24. Acts 27:1–28:16 25. Acts 28:30 26. Acts 28:31




What impressed you most about Jesus’ public ministry? Why?

What practical benefits might you get from understanding Acts as the early history of the church?



1. Jesus’ public ministry was characterized by what activity (or activities)?A. TeachingB. Performing miraclesC. Training His apostlesD. All of the above

2. What was not a method used by Paul in planting churches?A. Preach inside pagan temples. B. Go to the synagogue.C. Teach as a rabbi.D. Gather a following.

3. The Gospels are the 21 letters that define Christian belief and practice.A. TrueB. False

4. What are the four literary groupings of the New Testament?A. Gospels, Acts, Letters, and Revelation B. Gospels, Psalms, Letters, and RevelationC. Gospels, Psalms, Prophets, and RevelationD. Gospels, Acts, Prophets, and Revelation

5. What does the word testament mean?A. Covenant B. StoryC. TruthD. None of the above

6. When Jesus was born, which king wanted to kill him?A. Nero B. Herod C. Alexander the GreatD. Pontius Pilate

7. During what event was Jesus introduced to the world as the Messiah-Savior?A. Jesus’ baptism B. The Sermon on the MountC. Jesus’ transfigurationD. Jesus’ first miracle

Quiz



8. What principles did Jesus teach in The Sermon on the Mount?A. Principles for living in His kingdomB. His relationship to the lawC. Instruction in prayerD. All of the above

9. Who did Jesus appear to after he rose from the dead?A. His disciplesB. The entire worldC. Hundreds of peopleD. Both A and C

10. Why is what happened on the Day of Pentecost significant to the Christian church?A. On that day the Holy Spirit came to the disciples and gave them the power to speak

in foreign tongues – it marks the beginning of the church. B. Pentecost marks the day that Paul’s sight was restored.C. Both A and BD. Jesus rose from the dead on the Day of Pentecost.

Answers: 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. A



the BibleNew Testament:

Letters and Revelation

Updated 2014




ObjectivesIn Lesson Six, we will learn major themes addressed in the New Testament Epistles (letters) and understand key ideas in the book of Revelation. When you complete this lesson, “New Testament: Letters and Revelation,” you should be able to:

• Explain major issues addressed by the New Testament Epistles (letters).

• Understand key ideas in the book of Revelation.




Lesson Six: New Testament: Letters and Revelation

3. Letters: InstructionIn the city of Corinth, a group of people responded to Paul’s preaching, became Christians, and formed a church. But they were involved in immorality, division, and strife. In Philippi, a discouraged group of believers needed lifting up. In Rome, a loyal band of Christ’s followers needed to clarify their beliefs about righteousness, the Law, and sanctification. They had questions about the Christian’s everyday life. The believers at Thessalonica needed to know about Christ’s return and the last days. In Ephesus, the leaders needed instruction about their position in Christ. Elsewhere, Christians were suffering and didn’t understand why. False teachers were infiltrating churches and threatening to undermine the work. A pastor at Crete needed encouragement.

What was the best way to meet the needs of the growing church? The apostles couldn’t be everywhere at once. So they sent letters (also known as epistles) to explain Christian teaching, to inspire God’s people to holiness, and to tell them how to live.

The churches or individuals who received these letters were no doubt overjoyed when they arrived. They were read aloud to the congregation and passed around from church to church. Copies were made with meticulous care for other churches. Believers began to collect them. All in all, 21 such letters were judged to be inspired, and they became a major portion of the New Testament.

Although there is some history and some biography in these letters, they were primarily written to amplify the teaching of Jesus Christ. Most of them were written either to local bodies of believers (such as those at Corinth or Rome) or to pastors (Timothy and Titus). The age that began at Pentecost is known as the church age, and these letters talk about church life. Among other things, they give instruction regarding:

• The unity of the church (Ephesians 2:11-22). • The worship of the church (1 Corinthians 14:26-40). • The leaders of the church (1 Timothy 3; Titus 1). • The discipline of the church (1 Timothy 6:3-5). • The ordinances of the church (1 Corinthians 11:23-30). • The preaching of the church (2 Timothy 4:2).

Although the epistles were church-centered, they were also useful for individuals. A person with the opportunity to read them would learn the principles to govern his conduct with his fellow believers and before the world. Here’s a sample:

• We are to love one another (Romans 12:10).



• We are to submit to government (Romans 13:1). • We are to imitate Christ (Ephesians 5:1). • We are to care for one another (l Corinthians 16:1).• We are not to speak evil of anyone (Titus 3:2). • We are to confess our sins (1 John 1:9).

These 21 letters were also written to define and clarify the basic beliefs of Christianity. For example:

• Jesus Christ is God (Colossians 1:13-19). • The Holy Spirit indwells every believer (1 Corinthians 6:19-20). • All are sinners (Romans 3:23). • Salvation is by grace through faith (Ephesians 2:8-9). • Believers are to forsake sin (Romans 6:1-14). • Righteousness comes through Christ (Romans 3:21-22). • The Bible is inspired (2 Timothy 3:16). • All will be resurrected (1 Corinthians 15).

Seeing God. The epistles help us to know God in the following representative ways. As you read these letters, you will see many other elements of God’s character.

• In the autobiographical writings of Paul, we see how able God is to supply the deepest needs of those who are willing to serve Him (2 Corinthians 4).

• In the doctrinal portions, we see how careful God has been to provide a rescue that is as right as it is needed (Romans 3:21-26).

• In the comforting passages, we see a God who is able to enter into our pain and care about our struggles (2 Corinthians 1:3-6).

• In the corrective sections, we see a God who not only loves us enough to accept us just the way we are, but loves us so much that He is not willing to leave us the way He found us (Hebrews 12:7-13).

• In the prophetic passages, we see a God who has promised to prepare for us an eternal kingdom where all evil and sin have been removed (2 Peter 3:10-13).

4. Revelation: ProphecyAs we have worked through the New Testament, we have seen the story of God’s salvation in Christ revealed like the gradual unrolling of a scroll. We have read of great events: the miraculous birth of Christ, His 3 years of public ministry, His sacrificial death, and His resurrection. Rising out of the disappointment of Calvary came the transformed disciples who, empowered by the Holy Spirit, established the church and extended it throughout the world. And the church still lives today, perhaps stronger now than it has been for generations.

But how will it all turn out? What will happen next? What lies ahead for the church—and for the world?

The answers came to John, Jesus’ beloved disciple, in a series of dreams and visions. Written down in the book of Revelation in highly figurative language, they set forth the future of the church and all mankind.



John’s Vision of the Past (Revelation 1–3). John saw Christ, the Head of the church, walking among lampstands that represented seven churches of Asia Minor.1 To these churches He gave words of approval, accusation, or admonition. Those who endured were promised spiritual reward at Christ’s return.

John’s Vision of Heaven (Revelation 4–5). First he saw the throne of God itself, shimmering in glory and surrounded by worshipers who exalted God for His wonderful creation.2 When no one was found worthy to open a large scroll, John wept.3 After he was told to stop weeping, he was given the vision of a slain Lamb (representing Jesus Christ) standing in the center of the throne in heaven.4 A chorus of praise rang out for the Lamb, who was worthy to open the scroll because He had purchased people with His own blood.5

John’s Vision of the Future (Revelation 6–22). The majority of the book of Revelation deals with future events. This portion may be divided into three general sections: the tribulation (Rev. 6–18), the return of Christ and related events (Rev. 19–20), and a vision of heaven (Rev. 21–22).

1. The Tribulation. The outpouring of God’s wrath was shown in a vision to John in the opening of seven seals, the sounding of seven trumpets, and the outpouring of the contents of seven bowls. Here is what the opening of the seven seals revealed to John:

1st seal: a white horse—Antichrist6 2nd seal: a red horse—war7 3rd seal: a black horse—famine8 4th seal: a pale horse—death9 5th seal: martyred souls and the altar10

6th seal: earthquakes—destruction11

7th seal: introduction of the seven trumpets12

The sounding of the trumpets will usher in terrible devastation on the earth: A third of the vegetation of the earth will be destroyed by hail and fire;13 a third of the creatures of the sea will be destroyed by a flaming mountain;14 a third of the rivers will be poisoned by a falling star;15 a third of the stars and planets will go dark;16 and a third of earth’s population will be killed by a fiendish army of 200 million.17 Between the sounding of the sixth and seventh trumpets, John saw a vision of an angel with a little book and two witnesses.18

God will punish the rebellious nations of the earth. Meanwhile, His enemies, Satan and his henchmen, will gain control of vast segments of the world’s population. The earth, reeling with war and death, will be filled with blasphemy and evil.

1. Revelation 2–3 4. Revelation 5:5-6 7. Revelation 6:3-4 10. Revelation 6:9-11

13. Revelation 8:7 16. Revelation 8:12-13

2. Revelation 4:11 5. Revelation 5:9 8. Revelation 6:5-6 11. Revelation 6:12-17

14. Revelation 8:8-9 17. Revelation 9:1-12

3. Revelation 5:2-4 6. Revelation 6:1-2 9. Revelation 6:7-8 12. Revelation 8:1-6 15. Revelation 8:10-11

18. Revelation 10:1–11:14



Then seven bowls filled with God’s wrath will be poured out on the earth.19 One after another, plagues more terrible than ever seen before will fall on the earth. Multitudes of Christians will die as martyrs. And Satan’s man, Antichrist, will assemble his armies in Palestine to destroy the Jews.

2. The Return of Christ. In this part of John’s vision, he saw heaven opened and the Lord Jesus Christ returning to earth in all His glory, surrounded by vast armies.20 He also saw Antichrist defeated at Armageddon21 and Satan chained for 1,000 years in the bottomless pit.22

After the Jews turn in faith to Jesus Christ as their true Messiah, He will establish His throne in Jerusalem for a 1,000-year reign over the earth in righteousness, prosperity, and peace.23 When the millennium is over, Satan will be released and will lead a final revolt against the Lord.24 The rebels will be destroyed by fire from heaven, and Satan will be cast into the lake of fire forever.25 The earth and heavens as we know them will be destroyed, and they will be replaced by a new heaven and new earth.26 All unbelievers will be resurrected and judged before a great white throne.27

3. A Look at Heaven. John’s vision concludes with a grand survey of the new heaven and new earth.28 The jeweled walls, crystal river, streets of gold, and tree of life will be the believers’ eternal home. They will live in the presence of God and their Savior-King, the Lord Jesus Christ, forever.29

Seeing God. The magnificent yet terrifying visions of Revelation help us to know God better. As you read this book, you will see many truths about God. For example:

• In Christ’s messages to the seven churches, we see God’s deep concern for the spiritual welfare of His people (Rev. 2–3).

• In the vision of the throne in heaven, we see the majestic, lofty, unlimited glory of God (Rev. 4).

• In the seal, trumpet, and bowl judgments, we see God’s anger over a sinful and rebellious world (Rev. 6–18).

• In the defeat and banishment of Satan, we see that God has the power to conquer sin and evil (Rev. 19–20).

• In the description of heaven, we see the goodness of God eternally displayed (Rev. 21–22).

19. Revelation 16:1-21









26. Revelation 21:1 28. Revelation 21–22




Why was it necessary for letters to be written “to amplify the teaching of Jesus Christ” and to apply it to life?

Why are people drawn to the book of Revelation and confused by it? What might be the value in studying it?



What the Names of Christ Tell Us About God

The names of Jesus tell us about God’s character. Let’s look at four of His most often-used names.

Jesus. This name was given to Jesus by angelic pronouncement before His birth (Matthew 1:21; Luke 1:31). It is the Greek form of the Hebrew name Joshua and it means “the Lord is salvation.” The name is a reminder that God delights in the salvation of His people. He delivered them in the past (the exodus and the return from Babylon), He is delivering people spiritually in the present, and He will deliver Israel literally in the endtimes through Jesus.

Christ. This name is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew word Messiah, which means “the anointed one.” Because this term was politically charged, Jesus used it of Himself sparingly. The name underscores the reliability of God: He had promised a deliverer and now He had come “to save His people from their sins.”

Son of Man. This was the term Jesus used most often of Himself. It was used prophetically of Jesus in Daniel 7:13-14. Jesus used this name to identify with mankind in general (Psalm 8:4; 80:17). This name tells us that God was willing to identify with His people and become their substitute to bring them salvation.

Son of God. Jesus did not use this name for Himself very often. It was given to Him by the Father at His baptism and transfiguration (Matthew 3:17; Luke 9:35). It identified Christ as God’s Son – equal with the Father and having power to do things only God can do (see John 5:25-26). This name reminds us that He truly was God among men.



The Message of the New Testament

Before Jesus ascended to heaven, He instructed His followers to go into all the world, proclaim the gospel, and become disciple makers (Matthew 28:19-20). He also promised that they would be given power by the Holy Spirit to be His witnesses throughout the earth (Acts 1:8). The message the followers of Christ were sent to proclaim is also the essential message of the New Testament. It may be summarized as follows:

Who Christ Is. The teaching of the New Testament is based on the identification of Jesus Christ. He is God the Son, born of a virgin in Bethlehem. He took on our human nature so that He could be our substitute. He lived without sin, though He was tempted with all the temptations that confront us (Hebrews 4:15). He fulfilled the Father’s plan in exact detail, submitting to the Father’s will (John 4:34). He was the God-man: fully God and fully man.

What Christ Did. The sinless life of Jesus Christ was ended by His death on a cross. He was accused of blasphemy by the religious leaders of Israel and executed with common thieves. In His suffering and death, He bore the penalty for our sins-even though He Himself was without guilt (2 Corinthians 5:21). He took our place, dying that we might live. In that act, He fulfilled the Old Testament concept of sacrifice. As the animal died to atone for the sins of a man or the nation, so Jesus shed His blood as our sacrifice.

Christ’s Resurrection. But Christ did not stay in the tomb. Three days after He died, He was raised from the dead. Some women, His disciples, and more than 500 others at one time were witnesses of the truth of the resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:1-8). Because death is the penalty for sin (Romans 5:12-14), His resurrection demonstrates that God accepted His death as a suitable sacrifice for sin. Death’s power is broken (1 Corinthians 15:54-57).

Our Response. How does a person respond to the message proclaimed by Christ’s followers? How does he appropriate to himself the merit of Christ’s sacrifice on his behalf? By faith. He first hears the gospel story-the good news of Christ’s death for his sin-and then he believes and is born again (John 3:16).

This rescue does not come by works, heritage, baptism, or self-denial-it comes to all who trust in Jesus Christ as their personal Savior. And when a person believes, he is forgiven of his sins (Ephesians 4:32); he becomes a member of God’s family (John 1:12); he is baptized into the church, the body of Christ (1 Corinthians 12:13), and he is justified in God’s sight (Romans 5:1).

The Future. An inexpressible future awaits those who accept the message of the New Testament. Jesus Christ has promised to return for His own (John 14:13). When the endtime comes, He will punish the earth for its evil and purge it of its sin (2 Peter 3:10-16). The wrongs of this world will be made right by Christ the perfect judge (Revelation 19:11), and believers will live forever in heaven. They will be completely satisfied, filled with a knowledge of God that will give them eternal joy and ultimate fulfillment in His presence.



The New Testament and You

Now that we have surveyed the New Testament with a view toward knowing God and have looked closely at its message, it’s time to respond to what we have learned. If you are already a believer, your heart should be rejoicing at the message of salvation and hope that is at the very core of the New Testament. If you are born again, you have the assurance that a wonderful life in heaven awaits you.

The New Testament, as we have seen, is filled with specific instructions for you. It calls for personal purity through obedience to Jesus Christ. It commands you to witness. It demands a life of self-sacrifice. It assumes that you will be an active member of a local church. So how are you doing? Any review of the glorious message of the gospel should fill you with renewed dedication.

But what if you are not a Christian? Your next step is clear. To know God through the New Testament, you must trust in His Son, Jesus Christ, as your Savior; He died for you! To receive Him, you must first acknowledge that you are a sinner and that you cannot save yourself. Then, in simple prayer, ask Jesus to save you, believing that He will. He has promised to give new life to all who call on Him in faith.

Trust Christ today. The Bible asks, “How shall we escape if we neglect so great a salvation?” (Hebrews 2:3). When you receive Him, you will experience the freedom from sin and guilt that Jesus Christ promises to all who trust in Him.

Therefore if the Son makes you free, you shall be free indeed (John 8:36).



1. The 21 letters in the New Testament are sometimes called:A. EssaysB. Epistles C. AllegoriesD. Treatises

2. Who wrote the book of Revelation?A. PaulB. PeterC. TimothyD. None of the above

3. The New Testament letters were written to correct what Christ came to teach.A. TrueB. False

4. Why did the apostles send letters?A. They couldn’t be everywhere at onceB. To meet the needs of the growing churchC. To explain Christian teaching, inspire God’s people to holiness, and tell them how to

liveD. All of the above

5. Most of the New Testament letters were written to . . .A. local bodies of believers and pastors. B. other apostles.C. the church in Rome.D. the church in Jerusalem.

6. How did the ideas written in the book of Revelation come to its author?A. Through a letter from a fellow apostle B. Through a conversation with Jesus Christ while He was alive on earthC. Through a series of dreams and visions D. All of the above

7. In the book of Revelation, God’s wrath is revealed in which of the following?A. The opening of seven seals B. The sounding of seven trumpetsC. The outpouring of the contents of seven bowlsD. All of the above

Quiz



8. The book of Revelation reveals to us that, in the end, Satan will be defeated.A. True B. False

9. How does the author of the book of Revelation describe the new heaven and new earth under God’s reign?

A. A city of jeweled walls, a crystal river, and streets of gold B. A place in the sky among puffy white cloudsC. A world of despair and sorrowD. None of the above

10. Who does the slain Lamb represent in the book of Revelation?A. John the BaptistB. Jesus Christ C. PaulD. Israel

Answers: 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. B

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