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Sexually Transmitted Diseases:Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trichomoniasis, Syphilis, HIV
Dr. Nicholas Viyuoh, MDBoard Certified OB/GYNLock Haven Hospital-Haven Health Care for Women
Presentation contains graphic pictures of diseases
Chlamydia What is it?
A vaginal infection of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
Mucopurulet cervix with inflammation, discharge, and ectopy (abnormal cells) due to infection with ChlamydiaImage from The Practitioner’s Handbook for the Management of STDs
Normal CervixImage from the Practitioner’s Handbook for the Management of STDs
Chlamydia
How is it transmitted? Oral, anal, vaginally, and
during childbirth Chlamydia may be cultured
from the throats of those who have had oral exposure from an infected individual
Symptoms—usually present within 2 weeks of exposure Female: Vaginal discharge,
burning with urination, painful intercourse, bleeding between menses
Male: Penile discharge, burning with urination
Chlamydial infection within the lymphatic system of an infected malewww.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm
Chlamydia
Rates of Chlamydia by Age
• Note: almost all cases of Chlamydia are college-aged
• MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED BACTERIAL STD!
Clinton County Rates (2004) from the PA dept of Health
• 61 reported cases in 2004 in Clinton County
• 21,385 reported in PA in 2004, exclusive of Philadelphia
• Rate increasing 8.84%/year
From the Center of Disease Control
Chlamydia Complications:
Females: PID, infertility Males: epididymitis
Prevention: Abstinence Limit sexual partners Condoms
Treatment: Antibiotics
Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Erythromycin
The bacteria that causes Chlamydia:
Chlamydia trachomatismicrobewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
What is it? STD cause by bacteria
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Very common STD
Signs/Symptoms—usually present within 10 days of exposure Males: Burning with
urination, yellow/green/white discharge from penis, swollen or tender testicles
Females: often asymptomatic, painful urination, increased discharge
Penile discharge in individual infected with Gonorrhea
www.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm
Gonorrhea
Complications Females: PID, infertility Males: epididymitis
Treatment: Antibiotics, although we are now seeing more resistance to antibiotics
Prevention: abstinence, limit number, condoms
Cervical discharge in female infected with Gonorrheahttp://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms5300/images/b2.jpg
Trichomoniasis
What is it? STD caused by
protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
Signs/Symptoms Females: frothy yellow-
green discharge with a strong odor, pain with intercourse and urination, vaginal itching
Males: irritation in penis, discharge
“Strawberry Cervix” from T. vaginaliswww.fpnotebook.com/ID211.htm
Trichomoniasis
Complications More susceptibility to
other STDs and HIV Prevention
Abstinence Limit Sexual Partners Condoms
Treatment Vaginal or oral
medication: Flagyl
T. vaginalis, protozoa that causes Trichomoniasis isolated from culturehttp://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/intes.html
Syphilis
What is it? Bacterial STD caused
by Treponema pallidum Transmission
Have to have a sore to transmit, but sores may be hidden
Transmitted vaginally, anally, orally
www.wales.nhs.uk
Syphilis
Signs/Symptoms May be asymptomatic for years Primary stage: painless ulcer
(chancre) lasting 3-6 weeks Secondary stage: rash (not
itchy), on palms of hands and soles of feet, swollen gland, weight loss, headaches.
Tertiary stage: internal organ (brain, heart, eye, nerves) damage,
End stage: paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia, death
From the Practitioner’s Handbook of Management of STDs
pathmicro.med.sc.edu
Syphilis Diagnosis:
One of the 2 STDs that is diagnosed with a blood test (other is HIV)
The test is called an RPR.
Treatment: Antibiotics in the primary
or secondary stages Prevention:
Abstinence Condoms Limit Partners
http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/_img/figuras_en/20060420193906.jpg
HIV
HIV: what is it? HIV: Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Having HIV does NOT mean you have AIDS http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/Chem101/hiv/HIV-
1.html
References
http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/trends2005.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/std/default.htm