Sex in Baghdadi Arabic

8/19/2019 Sex in Baghdadi Arabic

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Cambridge University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Language in Society.

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Are Iraqi Women More Prestige Conscious than Men? Sex Differentiation in Baghdadi ArabicAuthor(s): Farida Abu-Haidar

Source: Language in Society, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Dec., 1989), pp. 471-481Published by: Cambridge University PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4168077Accessed: 28-02-2016 12:22 UTC

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2/12

Lng o 8 4 71 48 P r n d n h U n d of Am r

Ar r wom n mor p r g on ou h n mn

x d ff r n o n n B g hd d A r b

FARDAABUHADAR

h oo o f Or n n d Af r n u d

Unv r y o f L o ndon

ABTRACT

nv g o r h v f oun d n Ar b p k n g o mmu n h m n

p h n dn o wo mn p pr ox m d h n dr dv r y M or r

n ud h v h ng d h ump on h pr g n d nd rd

p ok n Ar b r o n n d h m T h ud h v foun d h

h r r n o m Ar b o mmun pr g v r of p ok n Ar

b w h h r no n h d r on of nd rd Ar b nd h on

r r y o wh h d b n p r vo u y o n ud d mo y wo mn wh o

p k h pr g d Th r b d on n nv g o n of h

p h o f g r ou p of B g hd d m n n d wo m n h o w h n B g hd d

h p r g v r y of p ok n Ar b n h d r on of h nd rd

n d h wo mn m or h n m n n d o f vo r h v r y U n g h

f nd ng o f p rv ou r r h pro n B ghd d h r o dr w

n o n o h f h n h p wh n B ghd d wom n dd no

hv h m o nd rd Ar b m n w m n nd no

w om n who p ok d ppr ox m n g h n drd v r y n

rd r ry Ar b d Ar b ngu pr g norm y

h f n g

RELATED TUDE

Th wom n r n gu y mor p r g on ou h n mn n d p k

n gu g v r y wh h o r o h nd rd v w dv n d by

n um b r of o o n g u F o d 9 68 H o m u 9 85 L b ov 9 6 6 L v n

& C ro k 9 6 6 M r o y 9 80 R o m n & R d 1 9 7 6 n k of f & C d r gr n

1 97 1 T r ud g 9 74 9 83 W o f r m 9 6 9 W o fr m & F o d 1 9 74 T h m

or y of n v g on d n gw h x pr f r n ngu g h v b n on

du d n W rn or h gh y ndu r d p r o f h w or d u h J p n

n om n Eng h n dFr n h for x mp h rm pr g n d

nd rd n b u d n r h ng b y A f w h o r n v g ng x d f

f r n o n n p ok n Ar b f oun d h Ar b m n u d n dr do r r

r y Ar b L A fo rm m o r f r u n y h n w om n A bd J w d 9 8

B k r 9 8 6 Ko k 9 83 h m d 9 8 6 E u n g LA w h p r g A bd

1 98 9 C m br d g U n v r y P r 0 0 47 4 0 45 /8 9 5 0 0 + 0 0

471


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3/12

FARDAABUHADAR

J w d K o k n d h m d o n u d d h m n n dn o wo mn n Am

m n J or d n h yr n o fD m u n dH m n dC r o E gy p

r p v y pok mor p r g ou v r y of Ar b

br h m 986 15 h ow v r f n ry o d ngu h b w n p r

g n d n d rd p h H f oun d h nv g o r h d b n m d n o

u n g nd rd w h pr g n v d n f rom v rou our nd

d ff r n A r b o un r h ow d h p ok n Ar b h d o wn o p r

g ou v r wh h w r no n r y n h d r on of LA H

f ou nd m o r ov r h w w om n m or h n m n w h o p ok h p r

g ou v r T h f n dn g b rh m o n ud d w n p rf o nfo rm y

w h p rn o f n gu g u n o h r n gu g o mmun nv g d for

x d ff r n o n nd no o n r ry o u h p r n pr v ou y r p or d

by o m n v g o r 9 86 1 24

Th w o h on u on r rv d by Bk r 986 n h nv g o n

of h p h o f g r ou p of r m n n d w om n n B r h B k r f o un d

h h oug h h w om n n h mp d d no u m ny LA fo rm n

h r p h m n dd h y pok v r y o fAr b ppro xm ng h

o y pr g ou B ghd d d B ghd d h b n n r o f mod rn

on n h n ury P 962 3 n d on y n ur h h

d p ok n n B g hd d h ou d b r g rd d p r g ou b y h o v ng

n o h r p r o f h o un r y h md 9 86 f oun d p r g v r y of p o

k n Ar b n C r o h d ff r d f ro m LA n d h w p ok n b y up p r

m n n d wo mn A bd J w d w ho h d n y o n u d d h Jo r

d n n m n u d n d rd n gu f or m m or h n w om n 1 98 3 42

fo un d h n N b u p r g v r y of Ar b n o n h d r o no fL A

n d d o b f v or d m o y b y wo m n n d y ou ng r m n 9 87 3 62

TANDARDANDPRETGEN BAGHDAD

n r h ngu u o n o n of dg o wh r h r g on nd

o mmu n d o o ur w h L A F rg uo n1 95 9 n h p B gh

d d wh r h pr n n v g o n ook p h r r hr m n r g ou

ommun Mu m C hr n nd J w h E h o mmun y p k d f

r n Ar b d B n 964 h Mu m d D how vr

wh h h n gu fr n n m h off r g on nd

M u m f r o u nu mb r J w h n d Ch r n r N on Mu m r

h rfor w Mu m from o hr d r nd o p kD

n n r o n w h n y on w h o n o f ro m h r o w n o mm un y B n

9 64 9 D u d m ny n v ryd y u p h wh r LA h wr

n n gu g w h ngu g of h m d nd of form o on

To u L A n nform ng w ou dm k on n ob of r d u F r

g u o n 19 59 3 29 Y L A fo rm h v b n n o rp or d n o n um b r o f

A r b d n h po k nA rb o fB gh d d LA fo rm f r u n y r

472




4/12

EXDFFERENTATON NBAGHDADARABC

LA

D

r o p r m ry o nd r y h g h r

F GURE Th d D r ry Ar b LA o n n uum n r on o

p k r v o f du on

p g m d D fo rm u h n on Ar b o n wo rd n dr g on

for m r u n g n d m x ur D + L A

A o rd ng o b r h m 9 86 8 LA n p r b f ro m du o n n

o h r w or d h u o fLA fo rm n v r yd y p h o mm n ur w h

on v o f d u o n n B ghd d p h v r o n pr n on n uum

r n g ng f ro m h o v r n u r f r o f L A fo rm p ok n b y h

du d o h v r y w h h h gh fr u n y o f LA fo rm p ok n by

ho w h h h gh v o f du on F gur

n on r o f n r B g hd d w h n r d u o f bo u 3 k om r

n umb r of x m h d n o h n fo ur v r n h r n g ng fr om

h o yp o f h o v rn u r m ov ng gr du y up wr d n h d r

on o f LA A bu H d r 9 87 T o k o n x m p h L A f or m d

ru h w f ound o h v f v v r n n h r urv y d g d 2

d g W dug 4 d nd 5 d V r n w hm h w p ro

du d by f w r d ry pop V r n 2 w hou m h w

produ d by bo h r nd m r p op w ho w r no d ry

V r n 3 n d 4 w r h m or f r u n y o u rr ng v r n 3 b n g

h M u m r o no f h f or m n d 4 w h L A/ / o r gn y h n on

M u m v r n b u no wr d by o m M u m w ho r mo df yn g h r

p h n h d r o no fLA A A n 19 78 o 5 ff V r n 5 w p ro

du d b y n umb r of d u d m n n dw om n T h r n g u r d n

F g ur 2

A o v r n u r n o rp or n g r r y Ar b f or m D + L A o r

Abd J w dpu 98 65 3 pok n d dr w ng h v y on h n

d r d vr y m o b o mmo n n mo Ar b p k n g o mmu n

Bo h M 98 0 nd M h 986 r f rr d o m x d p ok n Ar b

M d vd d h m xd d n o wo vr OLA or r ry Ar

b nd E A du d nd rd Ar b H on u dd h h f orm r

o r o M A mod rn nd rd Ar b nd h r o h o v rn u

473




5/12

FARDAABUHADAR

LA d

F d

dug

/ dg

D gd

F GU RE 2 V r n o fLA d r uh n n r o f n r B g hd d

r M h on h o h r h nd f oun d h h r v r of Ar b r

r y d r nb w h n p r u r Ar b o un ry 9 86 9 h wr n

h v r n u r nd m xur o f h wo

A h ough v r n v g or h v hown h D + LA n o h p r g

v r y p r x n n v r Ar b p k ng o mmun Abd J wd

9 87 B k r 9 86 b r h m 9 8 6 h m d 9 86 w ou d b d f f u o d n y

pr g ou nd ng n g h o f b n gu d mo y by h du d

o n of A r b o y F ro m h r d f f r n n v g o n o f B gh d d Mu

m Ar b found h h o Mu m d m xd w h r ry Ar b

fo rm n o h r wo rd D + LA h p h v r y wh h n oy m o p r

g n B g hd d A nd o n r ry o h p r g v r o fN b u A bd

J w d 987 B r h B k r 986 n dC r o h md 9 86 h p r g

r y n h d r on of LA

THEPREENTNVE TGATON

n 9 85 d ur ng r r h pro n o h u rb n vr u rur m n n

B ghd d Ar b w ru kby h f h w wom n mor h n

m n p h wh h h d h gh r fr u n y o f LA fo rm n d o w r n

d n o f g m d vrn u r form d d d o n v g h p h nom

n on p r y h ro ug h n ro p v o b r v o n n d by u n v

n y

F or h p r u r n v g on d 5o B ghd d m n nd wom n

2 5 of h w h o g r n g d fr om 2 6 o 4 1 y r O f h n fo rm n 1 4

w r f o ng fr n d h r m n n g 36 w r h r h r fr n d o r wo rk o

gu Ru 982 125 f h b h ng on n h w y n ur

g r r d gr o f nf or m y h n p o b n n r v w f o ow ng r n

dom mp n g Gump r 97 22 08 o m n n d h h r f y

of ng w h r p h m p r produ d n o on from h u

o mr y r o ff r nd n df m y h r dy k y o b r ng fo r h h ub

474




6/12


n o no f p h fo rm h f n fo rm y n d n fo rm y w h h

h r r v ryd y n r on

n ord r o o n n r pur y on n gu d ff r n n r on o h

x of h p k r o h r o v r b u h g v o f du on n d

o o o no m b k gr ou nd h d o b u d o wn o m n mu m n fo rm n

h r for h d o fu f h r r of b ng n v B ghd d b o w h g

of 45 u n v r y d u d n dh od ng wh o r o b F o ow ng h x

m p o f w k no wn n v g o r u h B o m n dG um p r 1 9 72 n d

L bo v 9 73 o ug h h h p o f w o o fm y nf or m n o n m n d on

f m on h b of n r on b w n p r n ord r o ov r om h

o b r v r p r d o x L bo v C oh n R o b n & L w 9 68 h o o n m

nd on f m n r v wr o wh h r h r w ny dff r n n h w y

n fo rm n r d o m mb r of h r ow n x o pp o d o o m on o f

h oppo x Th wo n r v wr nd h n r v wd h r m n ng

48 n form n p r y Th r ord ng w r r x m n d nd o d

nd h wo n r v w r p h w o mon o r d n pr p r ng h r

r f rr d o h p d n r v w h r oug ho u n d o o n y r o r d

o w h h d n o d d ow n n h o ur o f un r o rd d n fo rm o nv r

on fo r or ro bo r v v d n T h wh o n v g o n d b ou 5

mon h d ur ng wh h m v d m mb r of h o n w or k

A h nd of h n v g o n pr od w p o b o pnpo n h o

urr n o f x n gu v r b h ou db u d o g ug h fr u n y

o fLA form n h nform n p h Th v r b w r r o d

n d n n d x o r u d m r o h pp d by Tr udg 9 72 n dC h m

b r n dT ru dg 9 80 w hr D v r b w w rd d p o n n d n LA

v r b 2 p on Th or w r h n d dd o g v h m n or from

wh h w h n ub r d n d h r u mu p d by oo o gv h n

d x o r Th v r g o or for h m n w h n omp r d o h o f

h w om n

THEVARABLE

T h x v r b d v o p df or h p r u r u rv y w r

1 L Ap v f or m o pp o d o h D 3r dp r on p ur y u

d n d of ygu u n h y y u n h w mpr o n d n

do f n o h y m pr o n d h m n d o f or h

2 u b u n g or dn n umb r f or mo n h of h y r n ow n

d r d pr o d ur h ro ug ho u r o r f r o m o n h o f h y r b y

o rd n n um br d no n g h r o rd r of o u rr n n h n dr

y r T h u J n ur y h f r mo n h o r m py h f r F br u

ry h o nd M r h h h rd nd o for h

3 T h L A dv rb m mn w h n n r odu n g v r b n u of D

u v n m n w h h v r y o mm on n B g h d d Ar b

475




7/12

FARDAABUHADAR

TA BL E A v r g n dx o r on h x v r b

V r b M n Wo mn

1 0 0 0 0 1 1

2 0 9 5 0 6 7

3 0 2 3 0 3 1

4 0 1 5 0 1 7

5060068

6 0 1 7 0 8 1

4 LA d v g rm m n d g r m f oppo d

o h r D u v n g yy r nd g yr r p v y

5 L A fo rm n d o f o r r p o nd n g o n w or d B g hd d A r b

bo un d n b o rr ow n g B f r om o h r n gu g p y E ng h

nd Tur k h Lo n wo rd r o n d r d o b y y n f ro r o

L A f or m T h o n w or d n d h r o rr p on d ng L A fo rm u d

for h nv g on w r

BLA

p y k d rr b y

r n u kk n r ng wh

fo n h f p ho n

b n g m r f b n k

m w f w k h f ru

6 LA form n d of h r w b h d D u v n

DLA

bb 6 n f 6 w n do w

u y y f b b ox

h f h d

d r o nd

om v r b o u rr d mor f r u n y h n o h r w n o dff u

o f nd o u w h h r n f or m n u d h p ro p r n m o f m o n h or o r

r p on dn go rd n n u mb r T h w b h d b y k n g h d o fb r h

d y m rr g v on nd o on w m or d ff u on h o h r

h nd o g nform n o u h p v nd n b n from Tb

h r w r n o x mp of m nform n u n g h p v T h r r n

n wh n w u d by o m wom n wr mm d y no d v r

u on o wh n p r u r n d n o ur rd h ow d wh h r n for

m n u d h L A m m n or h D m n n o rd r o f nd ou w h h r n

fo rm n pr f r rd h L Ao rD d v f or m h y w r k d wh r

B h r n w n dh ow h y w ou d d fn pu pp y 4 d h B h r n w

m f nd off h o of Ar b w h 47 d p uppy w m

m d og W h h r n fo rm n u d o nw or do r LA u v n o r D

or orr p ond ng LA form w no oo d ff u o r n p f m

476




8/12


100

50

M W M W M W M W M W M W

V r b 1 2 34 5 6

F GU RE 3 H ow h w ogr oup o r d n r o n o h o h r

w r h r po n d o u or u dd o n o nv r o n n d h n fo rm n

w f o u pp y h p propr rm for x mp

Qu on Wh h o n h b

A n w r A b ox

Q u o n Wh r d o p op u u y k p h r mo n y

A nw r n b nk

REULT

A n b n from T b on f v ou o f x v r b wom n o r d

h gh r h n m n o Fgur 3 A o r x m n o n of h v r b

h m v how h v r b 2 d ff r o o n gu y from h o h r

f v n h of nd 3 o 6 h ho b w n gm d nd

pr g ou v r b For x mp n 3 h L A dv rb m m n g n r y

on d r d o b o y u pr or o D v r n m n m r y o nwor d

k r n r ng wh n 5 gm d wh r Ar b vr n

ukk n no n 6 h u o f nLA vr n n d of u v n D

fo rm wo ud b k n p ro of of h p k r h gh v o f du o n No

u h o mp on h ow v r r h d o h u of ord n numb r

for h nd rmon h n 2 T h u n m of h nd rmon h r

n o x u v o B ghd d or v n o r Th y r h m f or mo Ar b

477




9/12

FARDAABUHADAR

n f or m n m n w o m n

n r v w r m n w om n m n & w om n

D D + L A D + L A

GURE 4 U o fd D or d nd r ry Ar b L A dp n

d n o n n r v w r

c o un t r e e xcudngEgypt n dNo rthAf r c n do c cur n th ew r t ten w e

t h e p o ke n n gu g e t h ou d b e p o n te d o ut h o w ev e r t h t n m e o f

caendarmonthsntheArab wordareborrowngsandnot Arabcforms n

r b F br ur y m mu J uy o r b Aug u fo r x mp r n o

gm d form m r y b u off r n r h v om o

d op o rd n n um b r f or h c n d r mo n h h h u o f or d n n u m

b r g n n g gr ou nd n h o un r y Th f h w om n o r d on

n y hgh r n h o h rf v n gu v r b ou d v r b 2 p r

f ro m h o h r n g h o f h w ou d p p r h w om n o r dh gh r

n h n gu v r b

Th hr p r n rv w b y m n rv w r fm n rv w r nd

femae nvestgator weremontoredforotherLA formsbesdesthosespe-

y d for h nv g o n w f ound h wom nb h vd n h

m w y w h bo h m nd f m n r v w r F gur 4 No n r

or d r n LA form w d d wh n h r u of h p r n r

v w w r omp r d Mo of h m n h ow v r m d o y h f n h

dr on of LA n h p r n of h f m n r v w r nd n v g or

b u h y p ok m n y D o h m n r v w r T ru dg 9 83 h ho wn

h m n nd n y o u n on nd rd v r b w h f o w mn form

of m u n ov r p r g T rudg go on o y h pr v y n d ub

on ou y r g numb r of m p k r r m or on r n dw h

u r ng pr g o f h o vr o r n d w h g n n g gr ou p o d r y h n

w h ob n ng o u 98 31 77 T h ou dp rh p x p n w hy h

m n n h pr n ur vy dd no u LA fo rm on n y h w om n

T h ov r f nd ng o f h p r n n v g o nw r o mp r d w h h o

of n r r nv g on on x dff r n n B gh dd Ar b wh h b

g n n 9 66 n d o n n ud n r m n y f or f w y r Ab uH d r 9 88

A h ough h f n dng o f h p r u r n v g on r n o d u d n d

h r om o b rv o n o fbo h r r h pro r m d

478




10/12

EXDFFERENTATON NBAGHDAD ARABC

n h 9 66 n v g o n h n fo rm n w r d v d d n o w o gr oup

h o o vr 6o y r n d ho b o w 40 y r B o hgr oup o n d of u

n um b r o f m n n d wo m n T h w o m n n h o d r g r ou p w r h o u w v

w h o rn of or m d u o n A h y ou ng r wo mn w r u n v r y

du d n d k h m n n h wo group h y h d wh o r ob A f

r mon o rng h p h of h nform n w found h h rg

n um b r o f LA f or m w p ro du d b y h y ou ng r w o m n f o o w d b y h

y oun g rm n w h h o d r m n n h r d p LA fo rm m d o b p r

y non x n n h p h of h o d r wom n Mo of h m n nd d

o y h f ommod n g o h p h of h r n r o u or T hu h y

po k D w h o d r w o m n n d y h f d o D + L Aw h m n n d yo un

g r wo mn T h o nf rm E y n 9 8 69 v w h w h r wo mn r

on f n d o h h om h y n d o o m m nd o n y h m n or y n gu g

w h m n w ho go o w or k o mm nd h n gu g o f wo rk w h

o f h dom ph r h n h r b y o y h f

Y ou ng r w om n w h o n h 9 66 n v g o n o w r h o n y n f or

m n o u h p v pok D + LA on n y n dd dno y h f

k h m n b r hm 9 8 61 23 x p n d h n r m of w om n n fr or

o po o n H d h b u w om n r ur o y nd

p yho og y h n mn h y r xp d o b hv h m v ngu

y n do h rw Ho m u 985 9 9 w w om n o n n o p ng

for h p r g v r y g n r u rn ng w yfrom h ng o d w h

wo m n h o u b ou nd p o o n n o y

CONCLU ON

From h d g h r d pp r h n Bghd d h pr g v r y

of p ok n Ar b n h d r on of h nd rd LA n d h wh n h

v r y b o bo h x g nr y wom nwho n d ow rd

T h r k h u on A r r wom nmor pr g o n ou

h nm n W h r f rn o h r u of h nv g o n nd h f nd

n g o f Bk r 9 86 n v g o no f h po k nA rb o fB r h w ou d

pp r h n r o y od ywh r x ro r no o r u n d

bo h x n oy m r o pr v g wom n r mor pr g on o u

h n m n n mo y wom n who op f or h p r g ou p h

vr

REFERENCE

Abb ou d P F 1 97 0 p ok n Ar b n T b ok d C ur r n r n d n n gu v o 4

T h H g u 4 3 9 66

Ab d J w d H R E 9 8 L x n dp ho no og v r o n n p ok n Ar b n Am

m n U n pu b h d P h D d r o n U n v r y o f P n n yv n

479




11/12

FARDAABUHADAR

9 86 T h m rg n o f n ur bn d n h J or d n n ur bn n r n r n o n

J ou rn o f h o o o g y o f L ng u g 6 5 5 3 6 3

98 7 C ro d v r o n n Ar b C omp n gp r g ou f or m L ng ug n

o y 6 35 9 68

Abu H d r F 9 87 T h r m n o f h r f x o f / / nd /k/ n h Mu m d o f

B g hd d Z h r f fu r r b h L n g u k 1 7 41 5 7

98 8 M / f m n gu v r on n B gh dd o mmun y n A K rv n R B

r n & G R m h d A m ny of Mdd E rn r n mmor m Thom

Mu rJ ohnon 1 9 24 8 3 Hrow L ongm n

A A n 1978 T h d v opm n n d d r bu o nof h Q f n r n A An d

R d n g n A r b n gu B oo mn g on n d n U nv r y L ng u C ub 1 03 1 2

B k r M 9 86 x dff r n n h pprox m o n o n drd Ar b A udy An

h ro po og L ng u 2 8 3 9

B n H 9 64 C o mm un d n B gh dd C m br dg M H r vr dU nv r y Pr

B om J P & G ump r J J 97 2 o m n ng n ngu ru u r n J J Gump r

&D H ym d D r on n o o n gu N w York H o R n h r & W n on

40734

Ch m b r J & T ru dg P 9 80 D o o gy C m br d g C m br d g U n v r y P r

Ch h r J 982 L n gu v r on n d o fun on n Rom n d o o n gu

v r o n n p h o mm un L on do n E dw r d A rn o d 1 5 3 66

D m W 1 974 H o h pr h und D k m r b h n W b d n F rn n r V r g

GmbH

E yn 0 H 98 x d ff r n n pro od n dp r n gu f ur of n gu g U n

pub h d M P h d r on U nv r y o fBr o

F o d R W 9 68 A o o n g u u dy of h p ro nu n o no f hr vo w n D r o

p h W h n g on D C C n r f or A pp d L n gu

F r g u on C A 1 95 9 D g o W or d 1 5 32 5 4 0

G ump r J J 1 97 2 o o n gu n d om mu n o n n m g ro up n J B P r d &

J H o m d o o n g u H r mo nd wo r h P ng un 2 03 24

Ho mu J C 9 85 o orr of ngu v r b A udy n p n hv g

L ng u g n o y 4 1 91 2 03

H ym D 967 M od of h n r on of n gu g n d o ng Journ of o

u 2 3 8 28

9 74 F o un d o n n o o n g u P h d p h U nv r y of P nn y v n P r

b r h m M H 9 86 n dr d nd pr g n gu g A p ro b m n Ar b o o n g u

An h ro po og L ngu 2 8 1 52 6

J h ng r N & Hud on R A 9 82 P r n of v r o n n T hr n P r n n R om n

d o o n gu v r o n n p h o m mu n L on do n E dw r d Ar no d 4 9 63

K o k W 1 9 83 L n gu g n d x A u dy of g ro up of d u d y r n p k r o f

Ar b Unpub h d M A h Un v r y of L n r

L bo v W 1 96 6 T h o r f o n of En g h n N w Yo rk C y W h ng on D C C n r

f o rA pp d L ng u

973 T h n gu on u n of b ng m L ngu g n o y 281 5

L b ov W C oh n P R ob n C & L w J 9 68 A u dy o f h n o n n d rd E ng h o f

N gr o nd Pu r o R n p k r n N w Yo rk C y P h d p h U R g on ur v y

L v n L & Cr o k H J 9 66 p h v r o n n P d mo n o mmu n y Po v o

r n L b r on d Exp or on n o o n gu Th H g u Mou on

M G 9 80 E du d p ok n Ar b n d h A r b n gu g o n nuu m Ar h vu m

L ng u u m n

M r o y L 9 80 L n gu g n d o n w or k O xf or d B k w

M ro y L & M rg r n 9 80 V r n u r n gu g o y y n d o n w o rk L n gu g

n o y 9 43 7 0

M h T F 986 W h du d p ok n Ar b n r n o n J ourn of h o o ogy

of L n g u g 6 5 7 3 2

P R 962 o y u u r nd h ng n h M dd E Ph d p h U n vr y of

P n n y v n P r

480




12/12


Rom n & R d E 1 976 G o opp n A o o n gu v w of urb n p h n

o n d T h ng En g h 93 2 6

Ru J 982 N wor k n d o o ngu v r on n n A fr n urb n ng n Ro

m n d o o n gu v r o n n p h o mm un Lo ndo n Ed wr dAr no d 1 25 4 0

n ko ff G & C d rg r n H 9 7 1 o m r u o f o o n gu ud yo fMo n r Fr n h

n R D r n d L ng u d v r y n C n d n o y E dmo n on n d Ch mp g n L n

g u R r h

hm d R W 9 86 A pp d o o n gu Th of Ar b ond n gu g An

h ro po o g L n gu 2 8 5 5 7 2

m h P M 985 L n gu g h x nd o y Oxford B kw

T ru dg P 9 72 x o v r pr g n d n gu h n g n h u rb n Br h En g h of No r

w h L ngu g n o y 1 7 9 95

9 7 4 T h o d ff r n o n of E ng h n N o rw h C m br d g C m br d g U n

v r y Pr

983 O n d o nd g ogr ph p r p v Oxford B kw

Wo fr m W A 9 69 A o o n gu d r p o n of D r o N g ro p h W h n g on D C

C n r f o r Ap p d L n g u

Wo fr m W A & F o d R W 9 74 T h udy of o d n Am r n E ng h E n

g wo od C ff N J P r n H

481

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