SETTLEMENT GAGES AND SETTLEMENT RODS

GE OTECHNICAL CONTROL PROCEDURE GC P-1

Revision #4

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING BUREAU

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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I .

INTRODUCTI(ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 II .

SETTLEMENT RODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

III .

PIPE SETTLEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Surface Gage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

B .

Subsurface Gage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

IV .

MANOMETER SETTLEMENT GAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Surface Gage (Closed System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

B .

Subsurface Gage (Closed System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

V. DOCL.1MENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 1A.

Forms mid Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 B .

Responsibility and Format for Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 C .

Frequency for Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 VI.

MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 .

Settlement Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 .

Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 2 .

Manometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 VII .

DISPOSAL; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Settlement Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 .

Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 2 . Manometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

B .

Settlement Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 2 . Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3 . Fabrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 4 . Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 5 . Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6 . Documentation and Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 . Fabrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 3 . Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Documentation and Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2 . Fabrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 3 . Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4 . Documentation and Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 2 . Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 3 . Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Documentation and Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 . Fabrication and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 3 . Documentation and Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

I . INTRODUCTION This manual establishes uniform statewide procedures for fabrication., installation, documentation, maintenance and disposal of settlement gages and settlement rods .

Installation of thus instrumentation is for deteitniiiing the total amount and time rate of foundation settlement .

Continuing analyses of instrumentation readings during construction may indicate that a design waiting period can be reduced without detrimental effects on the final riding surface of the pavement . Moreover, actual and predicted behavior can be compared, thus improving future design methods on similar foundation materials .

II . SETTLEMENT RODS

1 . Introduction settlement rod is usually installed at subgrade elevation and indicates foundation

settlement after the embai"lent is constructed to subgrade elevation

Fabrication and Installation Settlement rods shall be installed as shown in Figure 1 at the locations shown on the plans inunediately after embanlanent or surcharge construction is completed . The elevation of the top of the steel rod at the time of the installation shall be determined and recorded. The exposed length of pipe shall be made conspicuous, to reduce the chance of damage.

3 .

Docmnentation and Data Collection Readings for each installation are to be recorded weekly for one month commencing with the date of installation . Readings thereafter are recorded monthly until termination of the construction waiting period or otherwise for a period of time specified n the contract or by the Engineer. All readings are to be recorded, on Form GE 436, (see Figure 2), in triplicate, with one copy immediately forwarded to the Geotechniical Engineering Bureau, one to the Regional Geotech7nical Engineer, and one to the project files .

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Page 3 of 28

3' (1 rn)

Standard Pipe Cap (NPS 3)

Surface of Embankment or Surcharge

Notes:

1 .

The pipe shall he installed to a depth of approximately, 4 ft . (1 .2 in) and cleaned for its hill length prior to the placement of the steel rod .

2 .

The pipe shall be capped except during reading operations.

Figure 1

Fabrication and Installation Details for Settlement Rods

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Page 4 of 28

0

N-~NN~N

TOTAL. SETTLEMENT (DIFF. FROM INITIAL)

1mODsrs)

ROO ELEVATION

(rnetars) DATE

PROJECT [IDENTIFICATION

SETTLEMENT REPORT C_- ROD GAGE

ROD ELEVATIONS

ROD ELEVATION

(nietsrs)

One copy shall be submitted weekly to :

~~ TOTAL SETTLEMEW (DIFF. FF40M INITIAL)

(mews)

Director, Geotechlnical Engmeerlng Bureau

E. l . c. . Department of Transportation State Campus - Building 7

Telephone No. Albany, NY 12232-0863

Fi,u"e 2

DATE

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Page 5 of 28

ROD GAGE NO.

STATION d OFFSET OOS ELEVATION FINAL ELEVATION FILL HEIGHT (nmtrs)

DATE INSTALLED INSTALLED BY INSPECTED BY READINGS BY

INITIAL ELEVATIONS

ROD ELEVATIONS

CxE 43Q~ 3,~5

III . PIPE SETTLEMENT GAGES

Surface Gage

1 . Introduction A pipe surface settlement gage indicates total foundation settlement behavior during and after embankment construction.

2 .

Fa hrication The gages shall be constructed in accordance with the details shown in Figure 3 .

Installation The gages shall he installed on level ground in accordance with the details shown in Figure 4 .

At the dine of installation, an initial reference mark shall he scribed on the pipe and the mark's elevation determined and recorded . The pipe shall be scribed to an accuracy W/4 in . (6 .3 mm) at max-ueurn intervals of 3 ft . (1 m) measured from the initial marl- Immediately after each pipe is scribed, the graduations shall be numbered to reflect the distance in feet (teeters) from the initial scribe, in a durable paint of a color contrasting with that of the rod . Any additional extensions shall be scribed as stated above.

Ail adjustable hose clamp shall be placed around the pipe at the scribe mark. This clamp provides a place to rest the survey rod when determining the elevation of the scribe mark. The clamp is simply loosened and moved upward as the fill is progressed .

Docmnentation and Data Collection Readings for each installation are to be recorded weekly commencing with the start of construction and continued through the construction waiting period or for a period of tome specified in the contract or by the Engineer. All readings are to be recorded, on Form GE 437, (see Figure 5), in triplicate . with one copy innnnediately forwarded to the Geotechnical Engineering Bureau, one to the Regional Geoteclulical Engineer, and one to the prgject tiles.

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Page 6 of 28

EB 07-030

1t_6 ,1 --~ (0.45 rn) 3'-0" -

(11n)

Steel Base

Note :

(1 iu)

Wood Base

Figure 3

1" /;t (6 .3 mm)V-'

Six 1x12 Planks of Lumber or Two Pieces of 3'sA3/,~ (IM

1 tv

19 mm) Exterior Grade Plywood, Securely Fastened and then Coated -ith Wood Preservative

,, - Metal Pipe (tiTS 2 1/i- )--

Floor Flange for Pipe (1\-PS 2 1/-) ) -\

Bolt, NI'asher, Lock-washer and Nut Assembly

l . The use of either a steel base or a wood base settlement gage shall he the Contractor's option .

Pipe Surtace Settlement Gage

Page 7 of 28

A fin . 1/4, (6.3 mill) Thick Steel Plate

Metal Pipe (NTPS 2/-))

Steel Flange for Pipe (NTS 2 1/, )

Initial Initial A

Surface Elevation

Initial Installation Details

Initial Base Elevation(C) _

Initial A ;Initial B

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Typical Details During and After Construction

+

IL

V 11

Total Settlement -------- A______e______________________________

r

Note;

1 .

Letters on schematic drawing correspond to coluums on Form GE 437 (Figure 5) .

Figure 4

(A) Surface Elevation

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

' SETTLEMENT REPORT PIPE GAGE

EMaANI{MENT AREA

SURFACE ELEVATION

(reters)

FILLHEIGHT (DIFFERENCE IN ELEV .

FROM INITIAL) (meters)

one copy shall be submitted weekly to :

REFERENCE MART(

ELEVATION (meters)

A

Director, Geotechnical Engineering Bureau Department of Transportation

E.I.C . State Campus - Building 7 Albany, NY 12232-0863

Telephone No._

rig"e 5

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PIPE CAGE NO . STATION A OFFSET PLATFORM BASE ELEV .

DATE INSTALLED I4STALLED 9Y

INSPECTED BY READINGS BY ' INITIAL. ELEVATIONS

PIPE GAGE INFORMATION

BASE ELEVATION (Mamers) A--O

CIE 437 (3r'"

TOTAL SETTLEMENT (DIFFERENCE IN BASE ELEV . FROM INFRAL)

(meters) I

B.

Subsurface Gage

1 . Introduction A pipe subsurface settlement gage measures the magnitude of settlement occurring within a portion of a foundation below the initial tip elevation of the gage . It consists of a subsurface anchor post (see Figure 6) and a protective cover .

2 . Fabrication The protective cover shall be constructed in accordance with the details and notes shown in Figure 6.

The subsurface anchor posts are not fabricated on the site, but purchased fi-oin a coinnnercial supplier .

3 . Installation These gages shall be installed at locations designated on the plants by driving or pressing the anchor post, using the. outside casing (NPS 1), from the surface of the einbankinent foundation to the elevation specified in the plains (see Figure 7) . The anchors post shall then be expanded by tapping, with a small sledge hanuner, the inside pipe (NPS 1 '=') while the outside casing is held in a fixed position . A 3 ft . (1 m) piece of pipe is now added to the inside pipe, wit the inside pipe held in a fixed position, the outside casing shall be detached at the left-hand threaded connection and retracted about 3 ft. (1 in) (see Figure 6) .

Extensions of the casing and pipe shall be added as the ennbainlanent is progressed, so that the top of the inside pipe is at no time less than 1 ft . (0.3 m) above the outside casing, or the casing at any tune no less than 1 ft. (0.3 m) above the embankment surface . At the time of installation, an initial reference mark shall be scribed on the portion of the inside pipe extending above the outside casing, and the marks elevation determined and recorded. Each additional rod extension shall he scribed to an accuracy of l,4 inn . (6.3 nun) at maximum intervals of 3 ft . (1 in) measured for the initial mark. Immediately after each pipe is scribed, the graduation shall be numbered to reflect the distance in feet (meters) from the initial scribe. iii a durable paint of a color contrasting with that of the pipe . The exposed lengths of pipe and casing shall have a protective cover that is painted a conspicuous color to reduce the likelihood of damage.

Ail adjustable hose clamp shall be placed around the pipe at the scribe mark. Thus clamp provides a place to rest the survey rod when determining the elevation of the scribe mark. The clamp is simply loosened and moved upward as the fill is progressed .

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Left Hand Thread Adapter (NIPS 1)

Inside ripe (NP S

Y Left Hand-'- _ Thread

T.~ Tip Expands a -Tin. ` of Three Times the Anchor Post Diameter

Driving Position

Expanded Position 1 otective Cover

Subsurface Anchor Post

Figure 6

Pipe Subsurface Settlement Gage

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Page 1 1 of 28

I-- 1' -I (0.3 m)

Sectional View

4'(1.2 m)

Note :

1 . All wood shall be 3i4 in . (19 nun) exterior plywood coated with wood preservative .

Initial Installation Details

Initial Surface Elevation

Docmnentation and Data Collection Readings for cash installation are to be recorded weekly commencing with the date of installation and continued through the construction waiting period or for a period of tome specified in the contract or by the Engineer. All readings are to be recorded, on Form GE 437, (see Figure 5), in triplicate, with one copy immediately forwarded to the Gcotecluucal Engineering Bureau, one to the Regional Geotecluiical Engineer. and one to the prgject tiles.

Tv pical Details During and After Construction

Protective Cover

Initial Base Elevation (C)=

Initial A - Initial B 4'(1 .2m)

r

7 Total Settlement=C- (Initial C)

Note :

1 . Letters on the schematic drawing correspond to columns on Form GE 437 (Figure 5) .

Figure 7

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Page 1 2 of 28

IV . MANOMETER SETTLEMENT GAGES

Surface Gage (Closed System)

1 . Introduction A manometer surtace settlement gage indicates the magnitude of settlement occurring in the embankment foundation during and after embankment construction. A typical installation consists of a base and readout box, which are interconnected by two fluid lines and an air line . The manometer gage works on the principle that a fluid seeks its own level . The fluid line reflects a1y change in elevation between the base and readout box . The air line maintains the same atmospheric pressure at the base that exists at the readout box . The distance between the readout box and base should not exceed 230 ft . (70 m).

2 . Material The fluid used shall be a 50-50 mixture of ethylene glycol and water. The fluid shall be mixed 24 hours in advance of use, to allow any entrapped air to escape .

The tubing shall be continuous (i . e . no splices) ii2 in. (12.7 mm) O. D . polyethylene and natural (milky) in color . The elbow and tee unions used (see Figure 14) shall be polypropylene, ith an "O" ring seal. grab ring and spacer.

Compatible tubing and fittings manufactured by the Paraflex Di\% ision of the Parker llannifnl Corporation or an approved equal shall be used. Components and part numbers are listed below for reference purpose only .

These components are manufactured by: Parker Hannifin corporation Paraflex Division 1300 N. Freedom Street Ravenna, Ohio 44266

A list of local suppliers of tubing and fittings is available upon request from the Ceotech nical Engineering Bureau .

The sand shall conform to the gradation requirements contained in 5703-07 of the Standard Specifications .

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Page 1 3 of 28

Component Name Paraflex Part Number

Quantiky per Manometer

11~1 in . (12 .7 111111) Polyethylene Tubing E-86-0500 As needed Polypropylene Elbow Union P8EU8 2 Polypropylene Tee Union P8TLT8 3

Fabrication Prior to fabrication and installation of the base and readout box, it is necessary to check for any elevation differences between locations . An appreciable difference in elevation is a governing factor in the height dimension of both the readout box and base, `which is shoxN--n in Figure R . The top of the base and readout box shall be at the sank' elevation .

The base, readout box; and fluid and air lines shall be constructed in accordance with the details and motes shown in Figures 9 through 14 .

4 . Installation A trench is excavated between the proposed locations of the base and readout box. The allowable dimensions of the trench are 1 fl. (0 .3 nl) minimum in depth by 1 ft . (0.3 m) ininiinum to 2 ft . (0.6 nn) maxmlum in width. The trench is then backfilled with a miniiuum of 6 in. (150 mnl) of clean compacted sand with provides a cushion of the tubing. The trench bottom is to be level or have a slight downward sag with the longitudinal midpoint of the trench being the low point . This assures free movement of the fluid .

The tubing is then placed in the trench as shown in Figure 10 . The tubing shall be uncoiled from the roll in such a manner that it will lay flat in the trench . It is recommended that the tubing be kept at room temperature to aid in handling . The tubing shall not be allowed to cross itself or other tubing in the trench . The middle line of tubing shall be the primary fluid line .

As the tubing is laid in the trench a shovel of sand shall be placed on the tubing a 3 11 . (1 m) intervals . This helps maintain the tubing in a parallel configuration.

The readout box and base are now placed at their respective locations . Fluid and air lines shall be temporarily secured with tape to the readout box and base and be cut at approxunately 2 ft . (0.6 m) above the top of the readout box and base .

The fluid lines shall their be filled using a gravity- flow system with an elevated reservoir of sufficient capacity to fill the tubing, approximately 2 gal . per 165 f1 . (10 L per 50 nn) of tubing (see Figure 11) . The reservoir is connected to the tubing at the base and fluid is allowed to run out at the readout box until it is assured that there are not entrapped air bubbles in the line . This requires inspecting the exposed tubing by walking along the trench during the filling operation .

Once the flow is stopped and the reservoir is removed, the fluid and air lines shall be cut at the base to finished length and fastened and secured as shown in Figure 13 . The air line connector shall be 1 ft . (0.3 m) higher tlnain the primary fluid line connector and the secondary fluid line connector shall be "" (10 mm) lower than the primary fluid line connector as shown in Figure 14 .

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Readout Box

Base Outside Toe of Embankment)

Same Elevation

i^ 6'(1 .8 m)

.~

~ 6'(1 .8 ayiainal Ground Surface :`

r-

Tubing

Fig"e S

Typical Elevation Differences

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(Beneath Embankment)

1' (0.3 m) Max.

~j _-3' (1 tom) -N-lax .

Fill

Fig re 9

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Sectional View

Note ;

1.

All lumber shall be securely fastened and then coated with a wood preservative . Paints and stains are not acceptable preservatives .

2 .

Both the base and readout box shall be painted with a red fluorescent paint . 3 .

See Figures 10 through 14 for details of lines and reading scale. 4 .

1 x 4 lumber bracing of the post at the base after the protective cover is in place is required.

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Fluid

4ir Line

Parallel Configuration

Figure 10

Figure 11

Gravity Flotiv System for Filling the Tube

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?Note: Tubes Should Not Cross

Trench

Lines-A

..

}' Secondary Fluid Line

Nail Through Tubing to Prevent ,~

Movement of the Tubing

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8"(200 mill .) 6 'to 8"

(1~(1 to 200 nIIII) Below Tindow

(See Note)

Tubing

Scale 1/4 t (6 .3 MM) -Graduations

Prirnarv Fluid Line .

Heavi- Dut~NVire Staples Spaced on 8(200 mill) Centers

Note ;

l .

:4 6 $ . (1 .8 m) length of wooden folding rule (predrilled for tacking) with ',a ill. (6.3 tum) graduations shall be tacked on the center of the readout box as shown.

2 .

The 1 :ft . (0.3 m) graduation on the scale should be set at the same level as that of the fluid ill the primary fluid line .

Figm-e 12

Readout Box

The system shall then be checked for leakage as follows : 1 .

Plug both fluid lines at the readout box with rubber stoppers . 2 .

Apply a constant air pressure of 20 psi (150 kPa) to the ail- line . 3 .

Spray the connections at the base with a liquid soap and observe for leakage (the presence of air bubbles will indicate leakage) . The fluid levels at the base should also be at the same level . Ii'they are not, there is a leak in the fluid lines .

!After the system is proven to be flee of leaks the tubing at the readout box shall be cut to final length and tacked in place as show=n in Figure 12 .

The window is then cut into the secondary fluid line as low as possible in the readout box (approximately 4 ft. (1 .2 m) below the connector line at the base) .

The next step is to add fluid slowly to the top of the primary fluid line at the readout box until fluid is observed flowing from the secondary or lower fluid line . The system should be observed at the base during thus operation for movement of fluid f-om the primary fluid line to the secondary fluid line such that no fluid shall rise above the coi - liector line .

The window is then cut into the primary fluid line at the readout box 6 to 8 iiL (150 to 200 nun) above the fluid level in the primary line established for the previous step (i.e . 6 to 8 in . (150 to 200 nun) above the connector line at the base). This elevation should be checked with a survey level prior to cutting the window into the primary fluid line .

After the system has been checked and the base protective cover is in place, the trench shall be back-filled by hand with uncompacted sand until at least 8 in . (200 nun) of sand cover the tubing . The remainder of the uncompacted sand backfilling can be done by machine . The uncompacted sand trench will act like a flexible pipe and allow for movement of the tubing during settlement of the base . The construction of the embankment within a 3 fl . (1 m) radius of the base shall be compacted using a hand vibratory compactor until the embankment is constructed to 2 fl . (0 .6 m) above the top of the base .

The final step in the installation is recording the elevations of the bottom of the base and the top of the readout box and of the initial fluid levels in the base and readout box.

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See Detail A Figure 14 -,,

Secondatj- Fluid Line --

3/4 "(19 min) Exterior Plywood

Figure 13

Base

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Electric Wire Staples Spaced

on 8"(200 II1111.) Centers

Prima

5' (1.5 m)

Fluid Line

Detail A

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Fi(lure 14

fir Line

_ .Prinlaij,, Fluid Line

5. Readhigs It is recommended that the manometer readings be taken in the morning hours at about the same time of day. This helps to limit temperature effects on the fluid.

Prior to every reading a small amount of fluid (about 1 in. (25 nun)) should be added slowly to the primary or upper fluid line by meaws of a squeeze bottle . Thus is required due to the evaporation of the fluid. Wait approximately 5 minutes and repeat operation at 5 minute intervals until fluid is seen flowing fi-om the. secondary or lower fluid line . Once thus occurs cease adding fluid and wait for the flow to stop . When the flow stops, record the fluid level of the primary line .

6 .

Docmnentation and Data Collection Fonu GE 435 (Figure 15) is used for data collection of all manometer settlement gages and is self explanatory .

Settlement gage readings and top of readout box elevations for each installation are recorded weekly during embankment construction and monthly thereafter until termination of the construction waiting period or otherwise for a period of time specified in the contract or by the Engineer .

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DATE

PROJECT IDENTIFICATIO N

READOUT TERMINAL

E EMRA1JKMENT AREA

SURFACE ELEVATION (mature)

FILL 1-IEIG14T (DIFFERENCE IN ELEV .

FROM INITIAL) (rneloes)

One copy shall be subm)red weekly to :

Director . Geotechnical Engineering Bureau Department of Transportation

I`. I, C . Stale Campus - Building T Albany, NY 12232-0863

Telephone No .

Fig re 15

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SETTLEMENT REPORT MANOMETER GAGE

MANOMETER GAGE NO. STATION 8 OFFSET PLATFORM BASE ELEV .

DATE INSTALLED INSTALLED BY INSPECTED BY READIV+GS BY

' INITIALS

GE 435 (3195)

SURVEY FLU93 LEVEL RLFENENCE INITIAL REAOING

MARK MINUS MINUS TOTAL ELEVATION READING READIN4 INITIAL SETTLEkAENT

(fwlars) (MOWS) (motors) (meters) (maws) (G) E+G

B.

Subsurface Gage (Closed System)

1 . Introduction A manometer subsurface settlement gage measures the magnitude of settlement occurring within a portion of a foundation below the initial top elevation of the gage .

2. Fabrication The readout box and protective cover shall be construed as shown in Figure 16 . The only difference in fabrication between tine manometer subsurface gage and the manometer surface gage is that the former utilizes a subsurface anchor post as the base .

3. Installation The gage shall be installed as shown in Figure 16 . The installation procedures are generally the same as previously described for the surface manometer and subsurface settlement gages.

A manometer subsurface gage consists of a surface manometer readout box and a subsurface anchor point base . The details of the manometer readout box and subsurface anchor post were previous co-,% Bred in thus manual.

Docmnentatiori and Data Collection Forin GE 435 (Figure 15) is used for data collection of all manometer subsurface settlement gages.

Settlement gage readings and readout box elevations (top of box) for each installation are recorded weekly during ennbarnlulient construction and continued through the construction waiting period or for a period of time specified in the contract or by the Engineer.

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," (19 n1m) Exterior Phi-s;

Coated with kA ood

_ Preservative

Sectional View

Protective Cover

Protective Co-%Ter

fr

LT

(1 .8 m)

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Base

_ round. Surface

- 7-Air

Primal'' Fluid

f ' 4 Second- 11V

'~ Fluid ,; 3~ (1 111) ~,

Figure 16

Manometer Subsurface Settlement Gage

Sand Cushion

Readout Box in Trench

See Figure 12 for Tubing Installation

Details

Clamped to Inside Pipe. 1 6 1

See Figure 1=l (1.8 m)+-

Under Surface 7Manometer

V . DOCUMENTATION

A. Forms and Distribution

Settlement data are to be recorded on the folloxing fortes, available from the Regional Geotechnical Engineer :

l .

Settlement Gages a . Pipe

i .

Surface

GE 437 ii .

Subsurface

GE 437

VI . MAINTENANCE

b. Manometer i .

Surface

GE 435 ii .

Subsurface

GE 435

2 .

Settlement Rods

GE 436

These are completed in triplicate for each reading interval, with on copy inunnediately forwarded to the Geotecln- ical Engineering Bureau, one to the Regional Geoteclnnical Engineer, and one to the prqject files .

B .

Responsibility and Format for Data Collection

The Project Engineer is responsible for obtaining all settlement gage and rod readings, with elevations read and recorded to a precision of 1.4 in. (6.3 nun) .

Frequency of Data Collection

The Geotechnical Engineering Bureau may alter the reading schedule for settlement platforms and/or settlement rods when encountering unusual foundation conditions . When this occurs, the Geotechnical Engineering Bureau will forward the altered reading schedule to the Regional Geotechnical Engineer with a copy for the Project Engineer .

When an installation is disturbed or damaged to the extent that integrity of the data is lost or compromised. the Project Engineer is to notif~r the Regional Geotechnical Engineer . NN- ho with the Geotechnical Engineering Bureau, will determine whether to re-establish or abandon it . If an installation is damaged after fiiltilling its untended fiinction, the State may waive the corrective maintenance and order the damaged installation abandoned in accordance with Part VII of thus manual . Final payment as stipulated in the item specifications will be made when such an action is ordered.

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Settlement Gages

l . Pipes Bent or broken sections of pipe gages shall be replaced or repaired as necessary to provide a satisfactory plumb installation . Following corrective work on pipe gages, the scribe marks will be accurately re-established by one of the following methods :

a.

from an undisturbed scribe mark, b .

by sounding to the gage base, or c .

by establishing another scribe mark in accordance with Part III of this manual .

VII . DISPOSAL

The Project Engineer enters in the regular settlement gage report the date damage occurred, the date it was corrected, and if necessary the newly established initial readings . The Contractor may elect to replace any damaged installation in accordance with Part III of thus manual, except that ill the case of a pipe settlement gage the level surface for the new base shall be a ini ninnum of 4 ft . (1.2 m) below the existing embankment surface . When a replacement settlement gage is installed, the damaged gage shall be abandoned in accordance with Part VII of this manual .

2 . Manometers Manometer bases damaged or disturbed before the embankment surface is 5 f1 . (1 .5 m) above the top of the protective cover shall be re-established in compliance Nvith the requirements of Part IV of thus manual . aer the embankment surface has exceeded 5 fl . (1 .5 m), the Contractor has no fiirther responsibility for the manometer base . The Contractor shall, however, maintain the readout box so that the requirements of Part IV of this manual are complied with throughout the construction waiting period .

All settlement gages and rods shall be abandoned after termination of the construction waiting period, unless the Geotechnical Engineering Bureau requests in writing that installations be retained for future readings. Procedures for abandonment are as follows :

A. Settlement Gages

1 . Pipes Within the subgrade area. the pipe of an abandoned installation shall be removed to a minimum of 2 fl . (0 .6 m) below subgrade surface or existing embankment surface, whichever is lower, then capped and the void backflled and compacted nil conformance with the general specification for excavation and embatnlmnent.

Outside the subgrade area, the pipe of an abandoned installation shall be removed at least 2 ft . (0.6 n1) below the final ennbanlu- nent surface or existing enibaillulient

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2 . Manometers The abandoned manometer base shall be left in place and the readout box shall be removed as ordered by the Engineer .

B .

Settlement Rods

surface, whichever is lower, then capped and the void bacldilled in conformance with the requirement of the general specifications for excavation and embanlunent .

Each settlement rod shall be removed and the void backfrlled and compacted in conformance with the general specifications for excavation and embanUnent.

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