Setting the Stage Setting the Stage for Revolution: for Revolution:

Absolute MonarchiesAbsolute MonarchiesIn your spiral, use the glossary & In your spiral, use the glossary &

define:define:

1.1. divine right of kings divine right of kings

2.2. AbsolutismAbsolutism

3.3. Absolute monarch (use the Absolute monarch (use the glossary & your brain to define)glossary & your brain to define)

Frayer Model: Absolutism Illustrated Dictionary. Follow the

directions below & place it in your spiral :

Vocabulary Word

Copy down the dictionary definition of your word here.

Draw an illustration of your vocabulary word here.

Define the word, using your own words.

How does this word apply to the United States in the 21st Century?

Absolute Monarchies in Absolute Monarchies in EuropeEurope

1550-18001550-1800SpainSpain

FranceFrance

EnglandEngland

AustriaAustria

PrussiaPrussia

RussiaRussia

Thirty Years’ WarThirty Years’ War1618-16481618-1648

1640: Holy Roman Empire has broken down into several Prussian 1640: Holy Roman Empire has broken down into several Prussian (German) principalities.(German) principalities.

Electors from the 7 major German states elect the Holy Roman Electors from the 7 major German states elect the Holy Roman emperor. Many other German states no longer recognize the power of emperor. Many other German states no longer recognize the power of the Holy Roman emperor.the Holy Roman emperor.

1641: Ferdinand of Bohemia (Hapsburg king) elected emperor. He is 1641: Ferdinand of Bohemia (Hapsburg king) elected emperor. He is Anti – Protestant. Tried to return Prussia (Germany) to Catholicism. Anti – Protestant. Tried to return Prussia (Germany) to Catholicism. Spain, Poland supported Ferdinand. Protestant countries – Sweden, Spain, Poland supported Ferdinand. Protestant countries – Sweden, Netherlands – sent troops into Prussia to protect Protestants. France Netherlands – sent troops into Prussia to protect Protestants. France comes in on side of Sweden to protect Alsace from Prussian control.comes in on side of Sweden to protect Alsace from Prussian control.

Over thirty years alliances continually changed.Over thirty years alliances continually changed. War led to starvation, famine and disease. Area severely depopulated.War led to starvation, famine and disease. Area severely depopulated. 1648: Peace of Westphalia signed. France is clear winner, gains 1648: Peace of Westphalia signed. France is clear winner, gains

territory from Spain and Prussia, including Alsace. Prussia remains territory from Spain and Prussia, including Alsace. Prussia remains fragmented and Hapsburgs lose much power.fragmented and Hapsburgs lose much power.

The Philosopher Behind the AgeThe Philosopher Behind the Age• Thomas Hobbes• 1660 – Wrote the Leviathon

(Giant)• Discussed the perfect

government• People first lived in

anarchy• Needed a “social contract”• Required an absolute

monarch to maintain order• People retained the right

only to maintain their lives.

Absolutism Summary ChartUse the remaining power point slides to

complete the chart belowSPAIN FRANCE ENGLAND AUSTRIA PRUSSIA RUSSIA

Government monarchy

Leaders(Dates)

Phillip IIabsolutemonarch(1554-1598)

Religion Catholic

Economy Richest in world, based on New World trade

Wars and Reforms

DefeatsOttomansin 1571

England - Pathway to England - Pathway to RevolutionRevolution1603-16891603-1689

• Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603) – Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603) – Absolute ruler of England. Absolute ruler of England.

• Kept Parliament on her Kept Parliament on her side. side.

• Stabilized the nation and Stabilized the nation and expanded British territory. expanded British territory.

• Died without an heir.Died without an heir.• Country had to decide who Country had to decide who

would replace her.would replace her.

England - Pathway to RevolutionEngland - Pathway to Revolution1603-16891603-1689

England – James IEngland – James I(1603 – 1625)(1603 – 1625)• James VI of ScotlandJames VI of Scotland• Became James I of England Became James I of England

when Elizabeth I died.when Elizabeth I died.• Believed in Divine Right of Believed in Divine Right of

Kings. “Kings are called Kings. “Kings are called gods because they sit upon gods because they sit upon God’s throne on earth.”God’s throne on earth.”

• Ran up a huge debt in Ran up a huge debt in England.England.

• Had Bible translated from Had Bible translated from Latin into EnglishLatin into English

England – Charles IEngland – Charles I1625 - 16491625 - 1649

• Absolute monarch - had no Absolute monarch - had no problem with putting his problem with putting his enemies in prison without trialenemies in prison without trial

• Ran up a huge debtRan up a huge debt• Dissolved Parliament in 1629Dissolved Parliament in 1629• Touched off a massive civil Touched off a massive civil

war between supporters of war between supporters of Charles and supporters of Charles and supporters of Parliament led by Oliver Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell.Cromwell.

• Charles I beheaded in 1649.Charles I beheaded in 1649.In England, no ruler could claim absolute power In England, no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.and ignore the rule of law.

England – Oliver CromwellEngland – Oliver Cromwell1649 - 16581649 - 1658• Lord Protector – EnglandLord Protector – England• Ruled through the armyRuled through the army• Exiled Catholics to IrelandExiled Catholics to Ireland• Strict Puritan laws passed – Strict Puritan laws passed –

theaters closed, Sunday set theaters closed, Sunday set aside for worship, no lewd aside for worship, no lewd dancing, taverns or gamblingdancing, taverns or gambling

• Religious freedom for Religious freedom for everyone elseeveryone else

• When Cromwell died, When Cromwell died, Restoration began.Restoration began.

England – Charles IIEngland – Charles IIThe RestorationThe Restoration

1660 - 16851660 - 1685• Popular rulerPopular ruler• Monarchy restored – Monarchy restored –

Hence: RestorationHence: Restoration• Bowed to the wishes of Bowed to the wishes of

ParliamentParliament• Restored the Church Restored the Church

of Englandof England• Stabilized governmentStabilized government

England – James IIEngland – James II1685 - 16881685 - 1688

• Absolute RulerAbsolute Ruler• Antagonized Antagonized

ParliamentParliament• Ran up a huge debtRan up a huge debt• Openly CatholicOpenly Catholic• Forced from throne in Forced from throne in

what came to be what came to be called the called the Glorious Glorious RevolutionRevolution

• Struggle between king Struggle between king and parliament – page and parliament – page 425425

Setting the Stage Setting the Stage for Revolution: for Revolution:

Absolute MonarchiesAbsolute Monarchies2. Read the American Bill of Rights. 2. Read the American Bill of Rights. Which Amendment gives us the right Which Amendment gives us the right to freedom of speech? to freedom of speech? (answer in (answer in your spirals)your spirals)

England – William and MaryEngland – William and MaryEnglish Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights

1689 1689 • William and Mary given the throne after the Bill of William and Mary given the throne after the Bill of

Rights passed. Rights passed. • Guaranteed supremacy of Parliament over the Guaranteed supremacy of Parliament over the

monarchy.monarchy.• Parliament had to meet on a regular basisParliament had to meet on a regular basis• Monarchy could neither make nor suspend lawsMonarchy could neither make nor suspend laws• Trial by jury reinstated.Trial by jury reinstated.• Abolished fines and cruel and unusual Abolished fines and cruel and unusual

punishment.punishment.• Affirmed “writ of habeas corpus” – no person can Affirmed “writ of habeas corpus” – no person can

be held in prison without first being charged with be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime. Due process of laws.a specific crime. Due process of laws.

• Laid groundwork for American system of laws.Laid groundwork for American system of laws.

The Philosophy AdvancesThe Philosophy Advances• John Locke• 1690• People first lived in anarchy• Needed a “social contract”• People gave up only SOME of

their individual rights.• Kept the right to:

- Live - Enjoy Liberty - Own Property

• Rulers who violated these rights broke the social contract and could be overthrown.

France – Louis XIVFrance – Louis XIVRuled 1643 - 1715Ruled 1643 - 1715

Called himself the Sun KingCalled himself the Sun King Believed in divine right. Believed in divine right.

“L’etat, c’est moi.” “L’etat, c’est moi.” (I am the state.) (I am the state.)

Made French army the Made French army the strongest in Europestrongest in Europe

France was the wealthiest France was the wealthiest country in Europe under country in Europe under Louis XIVLouis XIV

Louis XIV spent huge Louis XIV spent huge amounts of moneyamounts of money

Built Versailles. (page 419)Built Versailles. (page 419) War of Spanish Succession War of Spanish Succession

(page 420)(page 420)

Spain – Philip IISpain – Philip IIRuled 1556-1598Ruled 1556-1598

• Sought to expand Spanish influence Sought to expand Spanish influence – ruled Spain when the empire was at – ruled Spain when the empire was at its height. Included the Spanish New its height. Included the Spanish New WorldWorld

• Devout: tried to strengthen Catholic Devout: tried to strengthen Catholic churchchurch

• Centralized royal powerCentralized royal power• Married Mary I of England – returned Married Mary I of England – returned

England to CatholicismEngland to Catholicism• Invaded England with Spanish Invaded England with Spanish

armada against Elizabeth I – lostarmada against Elizabeth I – lost

Russia – Peter the GreatRussia – Peter the GreatRuled 1682-1725Ruled 1682-1725

• Goal was to westernize Russia. Goal was to westernize Russia. Forced powerful boyars to bow to Forced powerful boyars to bow to his will.his will.

• Built modern Western city for Built modern Western city for Russian capital – St. Petersburg.Russian capital – St. Petersburg.

• Spread serfdom.Spread serfdom.• Studied Western technology. Studied Western technology.

Worked in a shipyardWorked in a shipyard• Extended Russian territory – to Extended Russian territory – to

Pacific Ocean.Pacific Ocean.• 1700: Fought Sweden for control 1700: Fought Sweden for control

of Baltic. Gained several Baltic of Baltic. Gained several Baltic ports ports

Austria – Maria TheresaAustria – Maria Theresaruled 1740 - 1780ruled 1740 - 1780

Absolute monarch of AustriaAbsolute monarch of Austria Fought Frederick II of Prussia Fought Frederick II of Prussia

for control of Hungary and for control of Hungary and SilesiaSilesia

Reorganized the governmentReorganized the government Enlightened DespotEnlightened Despot Eased tax burden on her Eased tax burden on her

peoplepeople Gave more rights to her Gave more rights to her

subjectssubjects Gave birth to 16 children while Gave birth to 16 children while

in powerin power

Prussia – Frederick IIPrussia – Frederick IIRuled 1740-1786Ruled 1740-1786

Absolute ruler of Absolute ruler of Prussia (Germany)Prussia (Germany)

Attacked Austria, Attacked Austria, sparking the War of sparking the War of Austrian SuccessionAustrian Succession

Unified Prussia, part of Unified Prussia, part of the Holy Roman the Holy Roman Empire, into one Empire, into one nationnation

Absolutism Summary ChartAbsolutism Summary ChartSPAIN FRANCE ENGLAND AUSTRIA PRUSSIA RUSSIA

Government monarchy

Leaders(Dates)

Philip IIabsolutemonarch(1554-1598)

Religion Catholic

Economy Richest in world, based on New World trade

Wars and Reforms

DefeatsOttomansin 1571