SETI@Arecibo

Jim Cordes and Dan WerthimerJim Cordes and Dan Werthimer

And Five Milliion SETI@home Volunteers in 226 countriesAnd Five Milliion SETI@home Volunteers in 226 countries

http://seti.berkeley.eduseti.berkeley.edu

WarningWarning

Why you might Why you might not not want to do SETI at want to do SETI at

AreciboArecibo

SERENDIP IVSERENDIP IV

• 168M channels

• 100 MHz Band centered on 1420 MHz

Photos Courtesy NAIC Arecibo Observatory, a facility of the NSFPhotos Courtesy NAIC Arecibo Observatory, a facility of the NSF

Why you might Why you might want want to to do SETI at Arecibodo SETI at Arecibo

Piggyback ALFA Sky SurveyPiggyback ALFA Sky Survey• Improved sensitivity Improved sensitivity

– TsysTsys

• Uniform sky sampling Uniform sky sampling – galactic plane concentrationgalactic plane concentration

• Multibeam RFI rejectionMultibeam RFI rejection

• Larger Bandwidth (SERENDIP V coming soon)Larger Bandwidth (SERENDIP V coming soon)

• Piggyback on Palfa, Galfa, EgalfaPiggyback on Palfa, Galfa, Egalfa

• Automatic recording during ALFA useAutomatic recording during ALFA use

(no more operator manual switch for observations) (no more operator manual switch for observations)

SETI Figure of Merit SETI Figure of Merit Drake, GulkisDrake, Gulkis

FOM = Sky Coverage FOM = Sky Coverage

* Frequency Coverage * Frequency Coverage

* Sensitivity * Sensitivity -1.5-1.5

• Arecibo SETI Figure of Arecibo SETI Figure of MeritMeritSearch Date Telescope MHz Sky

CoverW /m^2 FOM

Phoenix 2000 Arecibo 1800 1E-5 3 E-26 2.5

SETI@home

1999- Arecibo 10 0.25 1.4 E-26 300

SERENDIP V

2008 Arecibo 300 0.25 10 E-26 300

SETI@h II 2009 ? Arecibo 300 0.25 1.4 E-26 10,000

Prelude 2008 ATA 42 1000 0.001 200 E-26 0.5

Sonata 2010 ATA 350 ???

10000

0.001 40 E-26 50

Square Km 2020 SKA 10000

0.001 1 E-25 15,000

SETI on Single Dish vs Arrays?SETI on Single Dish vs Arrays? Arrays OK for targetted searches,Arrays OK for targetted searches, but horrible for sky surveys but horrible for sky surveys due to tiny synthesized beam: due to tiny synthesized beam:

SKA would require millions of SKA would require millions of beamformers and millions of beamformers and millions of spectrometers to cover the area in spectrometers to cover the area in one single Arecibo beamone single Arecibo beam

ssRadio - Targeted Search StrategyRadio - Targeted Search Strategy

Project Phoenix - Seti Institute – AreciboProject Phoenix - Seti Institute – Arecibo

Prelude, Sonata – Seti Institute – Allen Telescope ArrayPrelude, Sonata – Seti Institute – Allen Telescope Array

Radio - Sky Survey StrategyRadio - Sky Survey Strategy

Serendip, SETI@home - AreciboSerendip, SETI@home - Arecibo

Meta II - ArgentinaMeta II - Argentina

Seti Italia - BolognaSeti Italia - Bologna

Optical - TargetedOptical - Targeted

UC Berkeley - Pulse and ContinuousUC Berkeley - Pulse and Continuous

Lick Observatory – PulseLick Observatory – Pulse

Harvard – Pulse Sky surveyHarvard – Pulse Sky survey

UC Berkeley SETI UC Berkeley SETI ProgramsPrograms

NameName Time ScaleTime Scale Search TypeSearch Type

SERENDIPSERENDIP secondsseconds radio sky radio sky surveysurvey

SETI@homeSETI@home mS - secondsmS - seconds radio sky radio sky surveysurvey

AstropulseAstropulse nS - mSnS - mS radio sky radio sky surveysurvey

SEVENDIPSEVENDIP nSnS visible visible targettedtargetted

SPOCKSPOCK 1000 seconds1000 seconds visible visible targettedtargetted

DYSONDYSON IR targettedIR targetted

SETI Group (SETI Group (BerkeleyBerkeley and and CornellCornell))

David Anderson, Bob Bankay, Daniel Chapman,David Anderson, Bob Bankay, Daniel Chapman,

Henry Chen, Jeff Cobb, Henry Chen, Jeff Cobb, Jim CordesJim Cordes, Jonah Hare, Andrew Howard, Jonah Hare, Andrew Howard

Josh Von Korff, Eric Korpela, Matt Lebofsky,Josh Von Korff, Eric Korpela, Matt Lebofsky,

Andrew Siemion, Andrew Siemion, Laura SpitlerLaura Spitler, Dan Werthimer, Dan Werthimer

NSF , NASA, Individual DonorsNSF , NASA, Individual Donors

Agilent, Fujitsu, HP, Intel, Sun, Xilinx Agilent, Fujitsu, HP, Intel, Sun, Xilinx

The SETI@home ClientThe SETI@home Client

5,464,550 participants (in 226 countries)

2,000 per day

2.3 million years computer time

1,200 years per day

4*1021 floating point operations

200 Tera-flops

SETI@home Statistics

TOTAL RATE

Web site: 2 million hits/dayWeb site: 2 million hits/day 200,000 visitors/day 200,000 visitors/day

(stats & games popular; science less (stats & games popular; science less

popular)popular)

100,000 children, families100,000 children, families (including congress members and their kids)(including congress members and their kids)

> 7,000 schools> 7,000 schools

Desired SKA ParametersDesired SKA Parameters

• Wide bandwidthWide bandwidth

• 1 M beams1 M beams

• fat beamsfat beams

• short dwell times (~ 100 seconds)short dwell times (~ 100 seconds)

TripletsTriplets

• Three evenly spaced Three evenly spaced spikes above 7.75X spikes above 7.75X the mean power. the mean power. (5.3X10(5.3X10-25-25 W/m W/m22))

PulsesPulses

• Modified Fast folding Modified Fast folding algorithm w/ algorithm w/ dynamic thresholddynamic threshold

• Logarithmically Logarithmically spaced periods from spaced periods from 3ms to 35s3ms to 35s

• Sensitivity as low as Sensitivity as low as 1010-26-26 J/m J/m22

GaussiansGaussians

• Weighted Weighted 2 2 fit to fit to beam profile (vs beam profile (vs time)time)..

• Gaussian must Gaussian must exceed a power and exceed a power and

2 2 thresholdthreshold

• Score inversely Score inversely proportional to proportional to probability of arising probability of arising due to noisedue to noise

• Sensitivity 8.4x10Sensitivity 8.4x10-25-25 W/mW/m22

Gaussian CandidatesGaussian Candidates

Arecibo SETI@home led to Arecibo SETI@home led to

Public Participation Public Participation SupercomputingSupercomputing

David Anderson, Rom Walton, SETI GroupDavid Anderson, Rom Walton, SETI Group

• aka Distributed Computingaka Distributed Computing

• aka “edge resource aggregation”)aka “edge resource aggregation”)

BOINC:BOINC: NSF NSF

• Berkeley Open Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Infrastructure for Network ComputingComputing

– General-purpose distributed General-purpose distributed computing framework.computing framework.

– Open source.Open source.

– Will make distributed Will make distributed computing accessible to computing accessible to those who need it. (Starting those who need it. (Starting from scratch is hard!)from scratch is hard!)

ProjectsProjects• AstronomyAstronomy

– SETI@home (Berkeley) SETI@home (Berkeley)

– Astropulse (Berkeley)Astropulse (Berkeley)

– Einstein@home: gravitational pulsar search (Caltech,…)Einstein@home: gravitational pulsar search (Caltech,…)

– PlanetQuest (SETI Institute)PlanetQuest (SETI Institute)

– Stardust@home (Berkeley, Univ. Washinton,…)Stardust@home (Berkeley, Univ. Washinton,…)

• Earth scienceEarth science

– Climateprediction.net (Oxford)Climateprediction.net (Oxford)

• Biology/MedicineBiology/Medicine

– Folding@home, Predictor@home (Stanford, Scripts)Folding@home, Predictor@home (Stanford, Scripts)

– FightAIDSathome: virtual drug discoveryFightAIDSathome: virtual drug discovery

• PhysicsPhysics

– LHC@home (Cern)LHC@home (Cern)

• OtherOther

– Web indexing/searchWeb indexing/search

– Internet Resource mapping (UC Berkeley)Internet Resource mapping (UC Berkeley)

Where's the computing power?

●2010: 1 billion Internet-connected PCs

●55% privately owned

● If 100M participate:

– 100 PetaFLOPs, 1 Exabyte (10^18) storage

your computers

academic

business

home PCs

AstroPulse AstroPulse (Josh Vonkorff, Eric Korpela)(Josh Vonkorff, Eric Korpela)

• Sky survey– SETI@home I and piggyback ALFA data

• Good time resolution– Sensitive to 0.4 µs radio pulses at 21 cm

• DM range– -830 to +830 pc/cm3 (but not -50 to +50)

• Sensitivity– 10-18 W/m2 peak (Coherent de-dispersion)

Future SETI at AreciboFuture SETI at Arecibo• Open Data to the community (SETI consortium?)Open Data to the community (SETI consortium?)

(both raw 200TB and signals data base)(both raw 200TB and signals data base)

• Astropulse (uS dispersed pulses)Astropulse (uS dispersed pulses)

• SERENDIP V Spectrometer (14*256M channels)SERENDIP V Spectrometer (14*256M channels)

• SETI@home II (300 MHz – ALFA)SETI@home II (300 MHz – ALFA)

• New Multibeam Receiver Arrays New Multibeam Receiver Arrays

New wavelengths, More Bandwidth New wavelengths, More Bandwidth

Data storage: NERSC HPSSData storage: NERSC HPSS

(Naional Energy Research Scientific Computing (Naional Energy Research Scientific Computing Center)Center)

Arecibo SETI “Spin Offs”Arecibo SETI “Spin Offs”• Public Participation Distributed Computing Public Participation Distributed Computing

(Edge resource aggregation)(Edge resource aggregation)

• SetHI Hydrogen MapSetHI Hydrogen Map

• Transient Sky Survey for uS pulses (Astropulse)Transient Sky Survey for uS pulses (Astropulse)

• Instrumentation at 20 ObservatoriesInstrumentation at 20 Observatories

(open source hardware and software for spectometers, (open source hardware and software for spectometers, correlators, beamformers, pulsars) correlators, beamformers, pulsars)

• Education, Public OutreachEducation, Public Outreach

• Commensal Observing ConceptCommensal Observing Concept

Moores Law – Instruments using FPGA’s: 2X per year(1,000,000 over 20 years)

Future SpectrometersFuture Spectrometers

2015 4 THz 400 beams 10 GHz each

2020 128 THz 12,800 beams

2025 4000 THz 40,000 beams

2030 128,000 THz 1M beams

SETI HAIKUSETI HAIKU

Searching for lifeSearching for lifeAnswers are revealedAnswers are revealedAbout ourselvesAbout ourselves

Paula Cook, Duke UniversityPaula Cook, Duke University

One million earthlingsOne million earthlingsBounded by optimismBounded by optimismLeave their PC’s onLeave their PC’s on

Dan SeidnerDan Seidner