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Session 2Session 2
Stage in Field DevelopmentStage in Field Development
Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil ReservesReserves
Hydrocarbon ClassificationHydrocarbon Classification
Liquid HydrocarbonsCrude Oil, NNatural Gas Liquids, NGL
Condensate, CLGasoline, CLgLiquefied Petroleum Gases, CLp
(LPG)
Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil ReservesReserves
Natural GasNatural Gas
Nonassociated Gas, GNonassociated Gas, G
Associated Gas, GAssociated Gas, Gaa
Dissolved Gas, GDissolved Gas, Gdd
Injected Gas, GInjected Gas, Gii
Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil ReservesReserves
Fig. 1 - Fluid Hydrocarbon Classification
Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil ReservesReserves
Oil Reserves ClassificationOil Reserves Classification
finalRreserves = ΔN = N×E
Recovery possibilitiesDegree of proof
Development and producing statusEnergy source
Primary reservesSecondary reservesTertiary reserves
Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil ReservesReserves
Fig. 2 - Oil Reserves Classification and EOR Target and Path
Producing ReservesProducing Reserves
Oil Recovery MethodsOil Recovery Methods• Primary Recovery MethodsPrimary Recovery Methods• Improved Recovery MethodsImproved Recovery Methods
Conventional methods (secondary methods)Conventional methods (secondary methods) Enhanced oil recovery methods (tertiary methods)Enhanced oil recovery methods (tertiary methods)
from research and lab experiment, which can improve the possible reserves,
through field pilot tests, which can increase the probable reserves,
to proved and producing reserves when the commercial development of the reservoir under one of the EOR methods is in place.
Fig. 3 - Primary and Improved Recovery Methods
oil
water
Water Drive
Well Head
RESERVOIR
RF mencapai 50%
Primary Recovery FactorPrimary Recovery Factor
oil
Solution Gas Drive
Well Head
RESERVOIR
RF mencapai 15%-25%
Gas terlarut
Gas terlarut
Gas terlarutGas terlarut
Gas terlarut
Gas terlarutGas terlarut Gas terlarut
Free Gas
oil
Gas Cap Drive
Well Head
RESERVOIR
RF mencapai ……. %
Producing ReservesProducing Reserves
Enhanced Oil Recovery MethodsEnhanced Oil Recovery Methods
improve sweep efficiency by reducing the mobility ratio between injected and in-place fluids,
eliminate or reduce the capillary and interfacial forces and thus improve displacement efficiency, and
act on both phenomenon simultaneously.
• Chemical Methods
• Miscible Methods
• Thermal Methods
Table 1 – Methods and Enhanced Recovery
Producing ReservesProducing Reserves
Oil Recovery FactorOil Recovery Factor
finalRE5-10%5-10% Tight oil reservoirs, slightly fractured or Tight oil reservoirs, slightly fractured or
heavy oil reservoirsheavy oil reservoirs
10-25%10-25% Oil reservoirs produced mainly by solution Oil reservoirs produced mainly by solution gas drivegas drive
25-40%25-40% Oil reservoirs producing under partial water Oil reservoirs producing under partial water drive, gas injection, or gravity drainagedrive, gas injection, or gravity drainage
40-55%40-55% Oil reservoirs produced by conventional Oil reservoirs produced by conventional waterfloodwaterflood
Producing ReservesProducing Reserves
Table 2 – Conventional and EOR Methods Efficiency (ER)
