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Climate change adaptation vulnerability assessments using adaptation tools (CRiSTAL and CVCA) in East Africa and Central America
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Katharine Cross(presented by Gretel Gambarelli)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Outline
• The process: from vulnerability assessment to implementation
• Lessons learned
• Challenges
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Overview of vulnerability assessment
• Objective: Assess vulnerability to climate change and identify adaptation options
• Key Steps: 1. Community Consultations
– Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Tool (CVCA) Key questions for different levels (individual/household; local
government/community; and national levels); Set of tools to gather information (e.g. policy analysis, institutional
mapping, participatory tools)
2. Data Analysis– CRiSTAL (Community-based Risk Screening Tool - Adaptation &
Livelihoods) Decision support system (using series of excel sheets) Assists users in making adjustments to improve a project’s impact
on adaptive capacity. Also identifies activities to increase adaptive capacity
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Where applied?
• Eastern and Southern Africa (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Mozambique)
• Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Chiapas, Guatemala)
• Also being applied in Western Africa
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Overview of process
• Step 1: Identification of the sites• Step 2: Training of facilitators on use of adaptation tools and
analysis
Chiapas, Tapachula El Salvador, San Francisco Menéndez
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Overview of process
• Step 3: Community consultations using adaptation tools (CVCA and CRiSTAL)
– Rain calendar and hazard map– Livelihood context - Information on key resources to
support livelihoods– Climate context – climatic hazards, impacts, coping
strategies, whether these are working, possible alternative strategies
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Example: Rain Calendar
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Example: Hazard map
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Livelihood Context (Shambarai Burka), Tanzania
Natural Water, land, trees
Physical Roads, irrigation infrastructure, oxen carts
Financial Selling crops, selling livestock, petty trading
Human Agricultural and livestock keeping skills, traditional healers, teachers
Social Religious groups, village organizations, schools
Resources important to sustaining local livelihood (mixed farming)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Climate Context (Shambarai Burka example)
Hazard Impact Most common Coping Strategy
Is it working and sustainable
Revised coping strategy and how can be achieved
Drought Water shortage Water rationing Yes, but not sustainable
Build water storage, lining of irrigation canals to prevent leakage
Reduced pasture Move to look for new pasture
Yes, but not sustainable
Reduce number of livestock
Livestock disease Use of traditional medicine
Yes, but not sustainable
Introduce new health facilities (i.e. Dipping)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Application with women of the Bri Bri indigenous community of Yorkin, Costa Rica
Application with men of the Bri Bri indigenous community of Yorkin, Costa Rica
Gather information in smaller groups – old men, old women, young men, young women, girls, boys, children – to cover different perspectives and priorities within community
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Overview of vulnerability assessment process
• Step 4 - Data analysis using CRiSTAL tool– Enter information from communities into excel sheets
along with facilitated discussion– OUTCOME – Series of adaptation activities which
improve communities’ adaptive capacity to dealing with climate change impacts
– Action plan to determine way forward
• Step 5 - Prioritise adaptation activities (i.e. cattle troughs, early warning systems)
– Feedback meeting with stakeholders (i.e. communities, district, Basin staff) to prioritise adaptation activities
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Overview of vulnerability assessment process
• Step 6 – Budgeting process– Put together budget estimates for prioritized adaptation
activities
• Step 7 – Implement and monitor adaptation activities• Step 8 - Communicate results and process with
decision-makers at different levels (parallel to all steps)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Lessons Learned
• Need to choose tools that meet your needs: no one size fits all• Tools can be adapted according to context • Simultaneous training and application (learning by doing) is
essential in ensuring proper understanding of tools • Involvement of community members in data gathering as well
as analysis provides more in-depth valuable knowledge• Time for reflection is essential and feedback can strengthen
outcomes of the assessment– allow for enough time for data collection, analysis, and feedback
• Key to involve planners from different sectors in identification/analysis of adaptation to incorporate actions into development planning (i.e. district development plans)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Challenges
• It is difficult to identify climate change impacts as distinct from other environmental and socio-economic trends
• Poor sharing of users’ experience across regions and organizations on tools application
• Facilitation is key to successful application – needs to be a strong component in training - training for trainers for scaling up
• Key decisions cannot rely on outputs of community vulnerability assessment alone - need holistic decision making framework (incl. available technology, resources, institutions, and legal framework)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
THANK YOU