Service quality is directly linked to front line employee morale, knowledge, skills and motivation

Course Title: Human Resource Management in Hospitality IndustryModule Code: MGPL 2104 B

Submitted By: Josian Troubat - 102122Malehka Lagan -102119

Submitted to:Mrs N V Seebaluck Rengasamy Module Conveyor

Date: 15/03/12

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere thanks and heartfelt gratitude towards Mrs. Vanessa

Seebaluck Rengasamy our lecturer who has given us the opportunity to work on this

assignment. While completing this project, many a time we had came across difficulties. Our

respected lecturer has guided, helped and encouraged.

This study has enabled us to emphasize on team spirit and have better coordination in the

delegation of work and above all this study has enhanced our knowledge.

We equally like to thank our respective work place for having given us the necessary support

to carry out this assignment.

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Abstract

The Hospitality and Tourism Industry is known to be a labour intensive, in this era where mangers have to deal with fierce competition and new technologies. They now need to

care about the quality of service the offer and these services are offered by front line employees. This study examines the key role the front line employees’ behaviours play in

an organization and what motivate them to engage in service quality. Organizations should focus more on creating a proper work environment that will help the development of its

employees. Findings are based on observation, current literatures such as journals, related books, online articles and some from hotel newsletters.

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Contents

Introduction 5

Conclusion 9

Recommendations 10

References and Bibliography 11

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‘Service quality is directly linked to frontline employee morale, knowledge, skills and

motivation’

Introduction

The purpose of this study will look into the relationship between service quality and

frontline employee morale, motivation, knowledge and skill in Mauritian resorts hotel. This

case study will be made on resorts hotel, as in Mauritius, most of the hotels are classified as

resorts.

The main characteristics of service quality are closely related to front liners. The attributes

of service quality are Assurance, Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, and Empathy.

Tangibles: Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and

communication materials.

Reliability: Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately.

Responsiveness: Willingness to help customers and provide prompt service.

Assurance: The knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey

trust and confidence.

Empathy: The caring individualized attention the organisation through it front liners

provides its customers. Parasuraman et al. (1985)

Empathy, responsiveness, availability, reliability and tangibles cannot be dissociated to

frontline employees, as the hotel industry is a service and people oriented business, these

front liners who are the first and last contact with the customer and also delivering the

service. Service quality depends essentially on the aptitude and the attitude of the front

liners to attend guest satisfaction and expectation. The service encounter goes to the heart

of hospitality and tourism industry. The success of the service encounter depends on the

extent to which customer needs are satisfied or exceeded and further, hospitality and

tourism organizations depend on satisfied customers for their survival (Pizam and Ellis,

1999).

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Being internal customers to the organization, frontline employee also needs these attributes

in order to achieve organizational objectives to service quality. Albrechts (1990) suggested a

quality service triangle which notes the relationships between the organization success and

the customer contact staff. This new approach value the front line employees through

different aspect such as investment in people rather than machine, where machine are the

considered as liability and people as an asset to the organization, which will led the

employees to deliver high quality service.

The achievements of individuals and organizational goals are independent process linked by

employee work motivation. Individuals motivates themselves to satisfy their personal goals,

therefore they invest and direct their efforts for the achievements of organizational

objectives to meet with their personal goals also. It means that organizational goals are

directly proportionate to the personal goals of individuals.

The major issue in all services organizations is the motivation of employees whether they

are skilled or unskilled or professionals. Employee motivation is also a major issue for

hospitality industry. It is today’s challenge for the management in this competitive world to

motivate employees to offer efficient and good services that customers expect so for. The

employees’ motivation, their enthusiastic and energetic behaviour towards task fulfilment

play key role in successes of an organization to benefit (Cheng, 1995).

According to Petcharak (2002), one of the functions of human resource manager is related

to ensure employees’ workplace motivation. The human resource manager’s function

should be to assist the general manager in keeping the employees satisfied with their jobs.

Another goal in organization is the goal for the services manager is to develop motivated

employees and encourage their morale regarding their respective works. The employee

work morale, such as supervisors, peers, organization, and work environment can be

defined in a sense that the employee has the feeling and be conscious about all aspects of

the job. The performance is poor if the employee is not satisfied and happy. Workplace

dissatisfaction often leads organization and its employees’ poor performance.

In many studies (Mei et al., 1999; Kandampully and Suhartanto, 2000; Gounaris et al., 2003)

it has been established that service quality depends on more than one variable, and the

main variable is where the time which the frontline employee meets the demand of a HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

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customer. Consistency in service quality reveals to be a main issue in customer satisfaction.

Valuing employee’s enhanced motivation and commitment of front liners, organisations

who are committed to satisfy the employee’s needs would definitely have a competitive

edge. By giving simple attention to front liners such as some giveaways, recognition letters

for personal or group achievements can help to motivate these employees, thus will be a

boost to service quality. This issue that been identified to be an important discussion as

mentioned by Chiang and Jang 2008, Wong, Siu and Tsang 1999.

In hotel group such as Sun International, many programs are made available to motivate

staff, a program was proposed by the management, in first instance for front liners; called

FLAG, “Feel like a guest” had an important impact on the employees moral and motivation,

where they were invited to come along as a guest, so that they can indulge in all hotels

facilities and also they could notice all the problems that may arise during their stay, at the

end of the program the employees were invited to fill out a questionnaire where they will

express their ideas, remarks and comments about the services that they have received. This

program had a positive impact on the frontline employees due to its success and it was then

extended to all staff. (Sugar Beach, Newsletter Issue 22 – October 1999)

This example shows that when employees are well treated, in return they feel proud of their

respective establishment and also they provide better service to guests. The human element

needs to be considered, as the nature of service is tangible and intangible. No two service

interactions are identical and this situation gives rise to uncertainty in the service delivery

process. As a result it is not wholly possible entirely to prescribe job tasks to ensure quality

standards. The service provider and customer are both liable to introduce variation to the

service, with the individuality of customer needs or the service provider lacking consistency.

The quality of service may vary between different service encounters, and this variability can

lead to difficulties for companies in defining standards and ensuring consistency of service.

It is without doubt that knowledge and skills are considered to be an important feature in

delivering service quality. Years back, it was possible to work in a hotel, with no formal

training, there was no pre-requisite for hospitality employment, but as more and more

competition occurs within the hospitality and tourism sector, it has shift to a new

dimension, nowadays this sector is looking for people who have followed training courses

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and also have at least good secondary school results. In order to grow and maintain a

workforce that is customer oriented and focused on delivery quality service an organisation

must train, and work these individuals to ensure service performance ( Zeithhaml & Bitner,

2000).

In Mauritius, most of the hotels offer on the job training and courses for their front liners;

foreign language courses, health and safety courses, communication skills. This empowers

the front liners to be more proactive toward their job, therefore enhancing service quality.

Another way of promoting skill and knowledge is the knowledge sharing among employees.

Most of the hotels have internal trainers among their personnel and also a training

department attached to the Human Resource Department to provide training among

employees, to provide specific training to new comers and refresher course to existing

employees. This exposure creates a prospective working environment for employees who

have long service.

Frontline employee’s moral can be affected by various factors; social and family background,

supervisor`s attitudes and also working conditions. Generally most of the employees ignore

their rights and are mostly exploited to undertake some tasks that are not prescribed in

their usual duty, when an employee explained his grievances to their immediate supervisor;

the supervisor will tend to be more disinclined towards this employee, consequently

affecting his moral.

Working conditions in hospitality sector reveals to be long hours with low pay, in many

circumstances, front liners are affected in two ways, firstly they have to cope with family

problems and secondly the long contact hours that prevails in this sector, moreover it seems

that most of new comers who could not adapt with this lifestyle leave the hospitality sector,

which causes staff turnover. Moreover as most of the hotels have more and more difficulty

to recruit qualify staff, some of the front liners need to assume extra job without any proper

compensation, but only pledge that he might have a promotion in the near future. This

attitude sometimes prevails in many hotels in Mauritius; many front liners perform their job

by obligation rather than a pleasurable job.

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Conclusion

What we attempted to examine in this study is the complex relationship between service

quality with employee morale, knowledge, skills and motivation in resorts hotels.

The success of a service encounter depends, therefore, on the availability of aware, service

oriented, competent employees who understand the context in which they work, and are

well versed in the specific organization’s strategic objectives and culture. This is not just

about levels of proficiency but also includes different types of skills that are appropriate for

the particular customer segment and characteristics of the business establishment. A

waitperson may carry plates with proficiency, but still be unsuited for a five star dining

environment.

Win-win scenarios must be applied in this sector where human contact cannot be replaced,

imitated. There is an urgent need to focus on the human side rather than on sales and

revenues. Aspects of profit sharing can be part of this focus, which will make the front liners

are more enthusiasts to give beyond guest expectation.

The service quality does not only enable a firm to learn from customer’ complaints, it

effectively compels the organization to respond to customer feedback immediately. In

realizing the cost involved with each failure, the company has an additional opportunity to

learn from the mistake and so eliminate the possibility of further similar mistakes.

In essence the service quality assists an organization to create a customer-driven standard

of service. Service management literature suggests that well managed service guarantee

programs substantially affect organizational benefits whose success has been linked to their

service quality programs.

Service quality is influenced by expectations, that is the standards of service is defined by

customers, customers who has already experienced that service uses his former experience

to form a judgment. In order to achieve a quality service organization, commitment from

employees and support from all levels of management is necessary. Therefore, it is

important for managers who provide services to keep track of information about the

company’s well being as far as meeting its customers’ needs are concerned.

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Recommendations

In this paper we attempt to demonstrate how the service quality is directly linked to

frontline employee morale, knowledge, skills and motivation but past researches had not

been conducted for linking the service behavior (Serving customers with movements, voice,

attitude) performed by service providers and the service quality recognized by customers

particularly in the tourism and hospitality industry where much emphasis is laid on the

service quality, employee empowerment and service behavior.

The tourism industry is a competitive industry. We would suggest organizations to reinforce

their training and development of the employee, the organization must supply employees a

healthy environment for learning and growing and offer more opportunities for career

opportunities and development. As customers’ evaluations of service quality are always

based on the behaviors of frontline employees, organizations rely upon these employees to

improve overall service quality. By encouraging employees to expand the domain of job

through their participation of various team activities so as to establish the responsibility and

creativity and avail make them to offer constructive suggestions to organization, then the

employees can feel their influence and contribution toward organization.

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References and Bibliography

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Edition. Kogan Page Limited

Darren Lee-Ross. (2004) Perceived job characteristics and internal work motivation. Journal

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Osman M et al, Lulu Baddar. (2005) The effects of selected individual characteristics on

frontline employee performance and job satisfaction. Elsevier Science Ltd.

Terry Lam, Hanqin Zhang, Tom Baum. (2000) An investigation of employees' job satisfaction:

the case of hotels in Hong Kong. Elsevier Science Ltd.

Dennis Nickson, Chris Warhurst and Eli Dutton. (2005) The importance of attitude and

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