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¿SER o ESTAR?
“To be” or not “to be”…
Two ways “to be”
En español there are dos ways to say “to be”.
Ser and estar have different
jobs. Let’s take a look at what they
are each used for.
SER is used to express…
• Origin (tell where someone or something is from)
• Ownership (possession)• Occupations (jobs)• Nationalities• Descriptions• Time• Locations of events
Estar is used to express…
• Temporary conditions (health)• Temporary states (hot, tired, busy,
closed, etc.)• Feelings/emotions• The location of someone or something• The present progressive (estar + a verb
ending with -ando/-iendo) • Note: My Spanish teacher taught us LCP,
or Location Condition Position.
Ser and estar are both infinitives. What is an
infinitive?• The infinitive of a verb is the
verb’s base form.• In English it is usually seen as “to
+ verb” (to be, to run, to eat, to walk).
• It does not have a subject.• It does not show time (past,
present or future).
To use ser and estar when speaking and writing, we need to conjugate them. When we conjugate verbs, we change them to match the subject. Examples:• In English we start with the infinitive “to be”.• When the subject is “I”, we say “I am” and
not “I be”.• When the subject is “you”, we say “you are”
and not “you be”.• When the subject is “she”, we say “she is”
and not “she be”.
Conjugating SER and ESTAR
• SER• I am = Yo soy• You are = Tú eres• He/she is = él/ella
es• We are =
Nosotros/nosotras somos
• They are = ellos/ellas son
• ESTAR• I am = Yo estoy• You are = Tú estás• He/she is = él/ella
está• We are =
Nosotros/nosotras estamos
• They are = ellos/ellas están
Let’s practice a little with SER and ESTAR. We will be using third person singular and plural (he/she and they). Use this chart to help fill in the blanks in the following sentences:
Las chicas __________ pelirrojas.
son
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
Raquel y Miguel __________ tristes.
están
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
El maestro __________ en casa hoy.
está
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
Pepe __________ policía.
es
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
El chihuahua __________ pequeño.
es
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
Los estudiantes __________ locos.
están o son
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
El señor __________ de Perú.
es
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
__________ las tres y media.
son
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
Pablo el pinguino __________ azul.
es
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
Los chicos __________ estudiantes.
son
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
Use this chart to help fill in the blank in the following sentence:
El libro __________ encima de la mesa.
está
SER(permanente)
ESTAR(temporal)
3rd Person Singular(he/she)
es está
3rd Person Plural(they)
son están
