Contamination of Groundwater with Fracking1) What is the purpose of adding proppant into the fracking fluid mixture?a. Hold the fractures open after hydraulic pressure has been removed.b. Power the hydraulic pump used to pump fluid into the well.c. Increase the viscosity of the fluid.d. Proppant attaches to natural gas particles and brings them back to the well.

2) What is typically done with flowback water caused by hydraulic fracking?a. The flowback is used to water local plants.b. The flowback is stored in local tanks or pits and treated, disposed, or recycled.c. The flowback is shipped to cities as drinking water.d. The flowback is left in the pit to evaporate over time.

3) What was the depth range below the surface of the land for the groundwater of several Counties sitting over the Eagle Ford Shale?a. 90-150 feetb. 190-500 feetc. 1,000-3,000 feetd. 4,000-14,000 feet

Stimulation Fracturing 4. What is/are the major risk(s) of fracturing?A. Well water contamination and earthquakesB. Reduced water level in water wellC. Increased well water pressureD. No significant risks

5. What percent of the fracturing fluid is chemicals (not water and sand)?A. 99.5%B. 95.5%C. 0.5%D. 50%

6. What is another name for Matrix Treatment?A. Hydraulic FracturingB. Acidizing C. PerforatingD. Monitoring

Natural Gas Processing Plant7. The term Sour gas refers to a gas stream that contains a significant amount of .A. Butane

B. MethaneC. SulfurD. CO2

8. In natural gas processing, one primary example of absorption used in water removalIs known as .A. Glycol DehydrationB. Solid Desiccant DehydrationC. Amine ProcessD. Low Temperature Separation (LTX)

9. In natural gas processing, MEA and DEA are acronyms that commonly refer to which of the following?A. Common solid desiccant materialsB. Common amine solutionsC. Mono-exchanger and di-exchanger arrangement'sD. Types of ?Non-Associated? gas wells

Natural Gas Processing Plant, Instrumentation10. What type of temperature indicator is used if a durable sensor is required?a) Mercury Thermometerb) Thermocouplec) Resistance Thermometer (RTD)d) Liquid Crystal Thermometer 11. Which instrument is most important with regard to optimizing the fuel to air ratio?a) Flow Meterb) Temperature Indicatorc) Pressure Measurement Deviced) Level Sensor 12. What is the greatest concern with respect to the accuracy of fluid level measurement?a) Velocity fluctuations of the fluidb) Uncertainty in sensorc) Sensor becoming damaged due to exposure to fluid it?s measuringd) Type of fluid being measured

Cryogenics in Natural Gas Processing13. What is a Nitrogen Rejection Unit?A. A system that uses membrane separation to separate nitrogen.B. Any system used to separate nitrogen from natural gas.C. A system that uses cryogenic distillation to separate nitrogen.D. A system that uses adsorption to separate nitrogen.

14. What is the name of the tool used to drop the temperature of the natural gas stream to sufficiently condense the ethane (NGL)?A. Turbo-expanderB. Turbo-chargerC. Super-chargerD. Super-expander

15. For a pre-processed feed of natural gas with a nitrogen concentration of 15%, how many cryogenic distillation columns are necessary? (According to Engineering Databook)A. 0B. 1C. 2D. None of the above.

Nitrogen Rejection Unit16. For what does NRU stand?A. Natural gas Refining UnitB.Nitrogen Rejection UnitC. Natural gas Recovery UnitD. Nitrogen Recovery Unit

17. Why is nitrogen extracted from natural gas?1. Decreases transportation volume2. Fuel value is increased3. Nitrogen is an important commodity to be used elsewhereA. 1 &2B. 1&3C. 2 &3D. 1, 2, &3

18. How many extraction methods are there and what are they?A. 2- Primary and SecondaryB. 3- Cryogenic, Pressure Swing, and Lean OilC. 2- Membrane and AbsorbentD. 3- Natural gas, Nitrogen, and Methane

Membranes in Gas Processing19. Gas separation through membranes differs from that of distillation, sublimation, & crystallization, because it doesnt require?A. A high mass flux ratioB. A large selectivityC. Heating or cooling D. A low partial pressure

20. The component of the feed which does NOT pass through the separating membrane is the?A. FiltrateB. ConcentrateC. SolventD. Permeate

21. The mass flux through a membrane is inversely proportional to the_____of that membrane.A. DensityB. Syngas RatioC. Vacuum D. Selectivity

Windows of eagle ford22. What does API Gravity measure & whats its relationship with density?A. Color of product. Higher API Gravity = Darker ColorB. Density. Higher API Gravity = Less dense fluidC. Density. Higher API Gravity = More dense fluidD. Sulfur Content. Low API Gravity = Less sulfur content

23. Why would condensate be desirable?A. It has a low density (High API Gravity), thus it yields more gasoline.B. It has a high density (Low API Gravity), thus it yields less gasoline.C. Its an edible product.D. It does not require processing.

24. Rank the components of typical natural gas in order from greatest to least in %.A. Methane, Oxygen, EthaneB. Methane, Propane, Carbon DioxideC. Propane, Rare Gases, Methane D. Nitrogen, Oxygen, Ethane

Drilling Activity in the Eagle Ford Shale25. Which of the following is a petroleum window in the Eagle Ford Shale?A. Dry GasB. OilC. CondensateD. All of the Above

26. At which point is a drill bit turned from the vertical to horizontal during horizontal drilling?A. Turning PointB. Kickoff PointC. Rotation PointD. None of the Above

27. Why does hydraulic fracturing improve well production?A. Pressure from perforating gun explosions push the oil and gas up the wellB. Frac Fluid absorbs the oil and gas in the shaleC. It artificially increases the shale permeability, allowing shale oil and gas to flow more freelyD. It doesn?t improve well production

NGL concentrations in different shale plays-128. What does NGL stand for?a) National Gas Linesb) Natural Gasoline Liquidsc) Natural Gas Liquidsd) National Grade Liquids

29. What is the major utility NGLs are used for?a) Lighter fluidb) Plasticc) Home heatingd) Gasoline

30. What gas is found to be a major component of NGLs in gas plants?a) Pentaneb) Butane c) Propaned) Ethane

SCADA Systems31. What were the technological advances that allowed modern SCADA systems to exist?A. Digital ComputerB. Advanced TelemetryC. A & BD. Neither

32. Which of these are a part of a modern SCADA system?A. Remote Terminal UnitsB. TelemetryC. Supervisory ServersD. All of the Above

33. Which is a benefit of the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) in modern SCADA systems?A. Real-time, graphical representation of system dataB. Centralized controlC. Remote DiagnosticsC. All of the Above

CO2 Removal Methods34. Which chemical compound is widely used type of amine? A. Ethanolamine B. MicroethanolamineC. Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)D. Monoethanolamine (MEA)

35. PSA bed is regenerated by reducing the ____________ and TSA bed is regenerated by raising the _____________.A. Pressure, temperatureB. Temperature, pressureC. Distance, massD. Pressure, volume

36. Gas separation membranes allows how many component(s) in a gas stream to pass through faster than the others?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. None

Upstream, midstream, and downstream operations - Ricardo Trevino 37. Which of the following are part of upstream operations?A) Pipelines, Secondary LogisticsB) Exploration, Production, Drilling C) Jet fuel, LNG, Propane D) Pipelines, Production, Drilling

38. Which of the following are part of midstream operations?A) Pipelines, Secondary LogisticsB) Exploration, Production, Drilling C) Jet fuel, LNG, Propane D) Pipelines, Production, Drilling

39. Which of the following is NOT a Super Major Company?A) Exxon Mobil B) BP C) HalliburtonD) Chevron

Gas-Liquid Separation Equipment ? Compact Separators40. What law was used to determine the drag force in the outward radical direction that is opposing the outward velocity on any particle in the inlet stream?A) Newtons 3rd LawB) Darcys LawC) Strokes LawD) HessLaw

41. What velocity component of rotational flow is proportional to r2?A) VtB) VrC) VaD) Vo

42. Once the gas/liquid stream goes through the swirl element the liquid is pushed in what direction?A) Inward and upB) Outward and downC) Inward and downD) Outward and up

Free water Knockout43. Why are horizontal FWKO vessels used more often than vertical vessels?A. Uses less spaceB. Easier maintenanceC. Better solids handlingD. More efficient water separation

44. Why is it important to remove water from oil and gas?A. To protect downstream equipmentB. To recycle the waterC. To increase the density of the oilD. To prevent liquid carryover

45. How is separation mostly achieved in a FWKO vessel?A. With the use of chemicalsB. By evaporating the waterC. Through a difference in densitiesD. With a mist extractor

The Use of Turboexpanders46. How are turboexpanders thermodynamically idealized?A. IsenthalpicB. IsentropicC. IsobaricD. Isothermal

47. This effect describes the temperature change of a gas or liquid when put through a throttling process:A. Joule-Vern effectB. Kelvin-Klein effect C. Joule-Thomson effectD. Thomson-Jerry effect

48. Turboexpanders are used in separation processes to:A. Recover energyB. Heat Expanding gasC. Recover Expanding gasD. Raise the pressure of the expanding gas

History of turbo expanders49. Who was the first person to suggest the possible use of an expansion machine to isentropically create low temperatures?A. Carl SiemensB. Ernest SolvayC. Georges ClaudeD. Pyotr Kapitsa

50. Who perfected the design of the turboexpander and set a base for the design of most current turboexpanders used today?A. Carl von LindeB. Pyotr KaptisaC. Georges ClaudeD. Carl Siemens

51. Current turboexpanders are widely used as a refrigeration source forA. Natural gas liquid extraction/Liquefaction of gasesB. Dew Point ControlC. Air separationD. All of the Above

How To Avoid Corrosion in Piping52. Which of the following is a cause of corrosion in piping?

a) Chemical Composition of Waterb) Temperature of Waterc) Velocity/Pressure of Waterd) All of the Above

53. How does a demineralizer help prevent corrosion?a) Demineralizers regulate the water temperature to maintain operating conditions.b) Demineralizers remove water impurities and contaminants that lead to corrosion problems.c) Demineralizers add corrosive resistant chemicals to the water to prevent internal corrosion.d) Demineralizers restrict water flow to maintain operating pressures

54. Corrosion Resistant Coatings are used to protect against which of the following?a) Oxidationb) Moisturec) Industrial chemicalsd) All of the above

Mechanisms of Corrosion in Pipes/Plants55. Which metal naturally found in its metallic state? A. IronB. CopperC. GoldD. Aluminum56. What type of corrosion includes a metal corroding to another metal?A. GalvanicB. CreviceC. ErosionD. Uniform

57. What type of corrosion occurs around gaskets and lap joints?A. CavitationB. GraphiticC. PittingD. Crevice

Adsorption and Molecular Sieve Desiccant58. What is the difference between absorption and adsorption?A: Absorption is the change of enthalpy of liquid while Adsorption is the change of internal energy of a liquidB: Adsorption is the temperature gradient while Adsorption is the impulse ratio.C: Adsorption is an adhesion effect while Absorption is a fluid permeating or dissolving effect.D: None of the Above

59. What principle do desiccants rely on?A: AbsorptionB: AtsorptionC: AdsorptionD: Avsorption

60. What is an example of a molecular sieve?A: AreolitesB: SeolitesC: ZeolitesD: Meteorites

Value and Uses of Ethane61. What is the name of the process through which ethane is transformed into ethylene?A.EthylenationB.CentrifugationC.Steam crackingD.Cryogenic distillation

62. Which of the following products contains components derived from ethane?A.Plastic bottlesB.Personal computersC.Medical devicesD.All of the above

63. In organic chemistry nomenclature, what does the "ane" in ethane refer to?A.The existence of two carbon atomsB.A single bond between two carbon atomsC.Ethane's status as a hydrocarbonD.None of the above Differences between West Texas, Marcellus and Eagle Ford Shale64. The Marcellus Formation is the largest source of A. Oil and natural gasB. Natural gasC. OilD. Wet condensate

65. The Permian Basin isA. The largest producer of natural gasB. Located in north TexasC. The largest oil producing basin in the United StatesD. Named after an outcrop

66. The shale formation with stacked production zones isA. Permian BasinB. Marcellus FormationC. Permian Basin and Marcellus FormationD. Eagle Ford Shale

Contact Tower for Gas Sweetening67. Where is gas pumped in a contact tower?A. Top of the towerB. Bottom of the towerC. Middle of the towerD. All of the above

68. Under what condition would you not want to pick a packed tower as the contact tower of your choice?A. Small column diameterB. High liquid flowrateC. Treating gases containing CO2D. Low liquid flowrate

69. Typically, how many plates does a plate tower have?A. 10-20B. 50-60C. 20-30D. 5-10

Hydrates and Hydrate Prevention70. A hydrate is formed by a crystalline water structure surrounding what?A. Gas MoleculeB. Oil DropletC. Iron PhosphateD. Solid Water

71. Hydrates are usually found in what environments?A. Ocean bedB. PermafrostC. Gas PipelinesD. All of the above

72. What are some typical Hydrate prevention methods?A. Glycol DehydratorsB. Molecular SievesC. Chemical InhibitorsD. All of the above

Glycol Dehydration73. What does glycol dehydration remove from natural gas?A. AirB. WaterC. GlycolD. Sludge

74.Which directions does the glycol and natural gas flow in the contactor?A. Glycol up, gas downB. Glycol down, gas upC. Glycol up, gas upD. Glycol down, gas down

75. What is supposed to happen to the dew point during glycol dehydration?A. IncreasesB. DecreasesC. Stays the sameD. Not known

Triethylene Glycol Dehydration76. What does TEG stand for?A. Tetraethylene GlycolB. Triethylene GlycolC. Thermal Electric GeneratorD. None of the above 77. Why is TEG more commonly used for dehydration?A. TEG is more easily regenerated to a higher degree of purity.

B. Vapor losses are lowerC. Operating costs are lowerD. All of the above

78. What weight percent of purity can TEG be regenerated to?A. Less than 50%B. Between 50% and 75%C. Between 75% to 95%D. Greater than 99% Examples of corrosion in pipes and plants79. Which of the following is NOT a type of corrosion typically seen in pipes and facilities?A. Uniform CorrosionB. Crevice CorrosionC. Filiform CorrosionD. Galvanic Corrosion

80. What are some effects of corrosion in pipes and plants?A. Increased Health problems from metal contaminatesB. Expensive repairs from neglected corrosionC. Dangerous working conditions from unexpected failures due to corrosionD. All of the above

81. Which of the following processes is NOT an effective way to prevent corrosion?A. Galvanization of MetalsB. Inspection of corrosion susceptible areasC. Cathodic and Anodic DeploymentD. Adding of corrosion preventative chemicals to working fluids

Adsorption and Molecular Sieve Desiccant

82. What is the difference between absorption and adsorption?

A: Absorption is the change of enthalpy of liquid while Adsorption is the change of internal energy of a liquidB: Adsorption is the temperature gradient while Adsorption is the impulse ratio.C: Adsorption is an adhesion effect while Absorption is a fluid permeating or dissolving effect.D: None of the Above

83. What principle do desiccants rely on?A: AbsorptionB: AtsorptionC: AdsorptionD: Avsorption

84. What is an example of a molecular sieve?A: AreolitesB: SeolitesC: ZeolitesD: Meteorites

Cold Box in LNG plants85. What does the acronym LNG stand for?A) Liquefied Nitrogen GasB) Liquefied Natural GasC) Lateral Neon GasD) Laser Neon Gas

86. How much does a cold box typically weigh?A) 240 - 375 poundsB) 240 - 375 tonsC) 480 - 911 poundsD) 480 - 911 tons

87. What is a distinctive feature of a cold box?A) Double wall constructionB) Multiple heat exchangersC) Large sizeD) Use of ice

Transportation of LNG88. Of the following LNG components, which will experience boil-off first?a)Ethaneb)Hexanec)Propaned)Methane

89. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Moss spherical tanks?a)LNG sloshingb)Tank shape makes them a poor fit in a ship?s hullc)Takes longer to buildd)Relatively high boil-off rates

90. Which statement is correct?a)When LNG components become gaseous, the profit margin increases.

b)A balancing mechanism beneath membrane-type tanks prevents damage when sloshing occurs.c)For membrane-type tanks, the primary membrane is in contact with the cargo.d)Nickel-steel tanks were found to be more resistant to mechanical stress and rupture than aluminum.

Crude Oil Distillation Unit91. What preliminary step must be done before heating the crude for the crude distillation unit?A: Cooling and pressurizingB: Removal of inorganic saltsC: Removal of paraffin waxD: None of the above

92. What product of the crude distillation process exits at the highest temperature?A: Natural GasB: GasolineC: KeroseneD: Lubricating Oil

93. What process is used to decrease the energy required for the crude distillation unit?A: Solar power to preheat the raw crude oilB: Heat exchange between the raw crude oil and distillation column productsC: Removal of a preheating furnace for the raw crude oilD: Removal of the desalter before the preheating furnace

Fires at Oil Wells94. Which is a primary cause of oil well fires?A) Natural EventsB) ArsonC) Accidents during drilling operationsD) All of the above

95. Which was a popular extinguishing method used to fight fires during the Kuwaiti oil fires (1991)?A) Using dynamite to ?blow out? the fireB) Gas Turbine MethodC) Dry chemicalD) ABC Fire Extinguisher

96. The Kuwaiti Oil Well Fires were caused by?A) Accidental high-pressure blow outB) Lightning strike at an oil wellC) Arson by Iraqi military forces D) None of the above

Fires at Oil Processing Plants97. Which type of corrosion involves sulfide?A.) Galvanized Corrosion B.) Stress Corrosion CrackingC.) Sour CorrosionD.) Sweet Corrosion

98. Which of the following doesn?t set standards for Oil Processing Plants?A.) OSHAB.) NASLC.) NFPAD.) API

99. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of fires at Oil Processing Plants?A.) CorrosionB.) Improper Maintenance C.) Turnaround D.) Code Violations

Expected Size/Life of Eagle Ford Shale100. Which company is credited for drilling the first EFS oil well?A) ExxonMobilB) Murphy USAC) PetrohawkD) Chesapeake

101. In EFS, during the first 48 months whats the trend of oil production per wellA) Increase then DecreaseB) Decrease then Increase C) Stay the SameD) There is no trend for oil production

102. How many counties does EFS cross?A) 30B) 45C) 50D) 25

Residential Accidents With Natural Gas103. What was the cause of the Allentown gas explosion?A. Circumferential crackB. CorrosionC. Auger punctured the gas lineD. Digging excavation 104. What percentage all reported pipeline incidents from 1995 to 2004 were due to digging or excavation damage?A. 40%B. 50%C. 60%D. 70% 105. Intrastate pipelines in Texas account for how many miles of natural gas pipelines in the state?A. 58,600 milesB. 586,000 milesC. 45,000 milesD. 450,000 miles

Major Equipment for Drilling106. What are the Key Elements on the Drilling Process?A) Derrick, Drill bit, Draw-WorksB) Pipes, Drill, PumpC) Tank, Hose, PipeD) Drill bit, Drill floor, Drill pipe

107. What are the Types of Oil Drilling?A) Vertical, Horizontal, Multiple and OpositeB) Conventional, Horizontal, Slant and DirectionalC) Angled, Surface, Water and PerpendicularD) Parallel, Surface, Water and Perpendicular

108. What are some of the Types of Oil Drilling Rigs?A) Land rig, Water rig, Floating rigB) Semi-submersible platform, Oil rig, Natural gas rigC) Landrig, Jack-up rig, DrillshipD) Drilling rig, Ground rig, Water rig

Compressor Stations in Natural Gas Pipelines

109. What is the purpose of compressor station?A) To store excess compressed natural gas along a pipelineB) To compress natural gas allowing it to travel along the pipelineC) A pumping station for vehicles that operate off of compressed natural gasD) A facility that burns off excess natural gas

110. What happens to the hydrocarbons extracted by the separator?A) DiscardedB) Used in the heat exchangerC) Stored and soldD) Used for local irrigation

111. Which of the following is NOT a common type of compressor used?A) Axial compressorB) Turbines with centrifugal compressorC) Electric motors with centrifugal compressorD) Reciprocating engine with reciprocating compressors

Gas Liquid Separation System (Mist Extractors)112. Mist extractors are meant to remove which substance from gas streams?a) Oilb) More Gasc) Waterd) All of the above

113. What type of mist extractor separates liquid droplets forcing gas streams to change direction several times?a) Meshb) Vanec) Filterd) Centrifugal

114. How do Filter mist extractors remove tiny mist droplets (8-10 m) from gas streams?a) One by oneb) By running a scraper through the inner walls of the chamberc) By joining many tiny droplets and making them bigger dropletsd) Using heat to evaporate them

Major Equipment for Fracking115. Vertical drilling continues down to ___________.A) 4,000 ft.B) 10,000ft.C) 1,000 ft.D) 15,000 ft. 116. What is the most common proppant used in fracking?A) SandB) SiliconC) 2-ButoxyethanolD) Calcium

117. What is used to isolate fracture zones when perforating multiple stages?A) Fracking StopperB) Industrial GrommetC) Fracking BridgeD) Isolation Bridge Plug

Safety in Oil Transportation by Rail118. What technique could be used to avoid these high energy incidents?a. Slow Train Speedb. Make oil less flammable before transportationc. Improve train carsd. All of the above 119. How many high-energy incidents involving oil transportation by rail have already occurred in 2015?a. 0b. 1c. 2d. 3 120. What is an issues encountered with the DOT 111 design?a. Shell thickness is not thick enoughb. Components breaking off during derailmentc. Valves not closing properlyd. All of the above

Uses of Emulsions in Oil & Gas Industry121. In an Oil-in-Water Emulsion which liquid is the dispersed medium? a. Oil b. Air c. Water d. All the above

122. Emulsion based drilling fluids offer what advantages over conventional water based drilling fluids in oil and gas well drilling. a. Lubricity b. Rheological and filtration properties c. Drilling Rate d. All the above

123. The Vessel Internal Electrostatic Coalescer (VIEC) uses what method to separate the oil and water easier. a. Turbo Encabulator b. Isolated High Voltage Modules c. K&N Filter d. All the Above Hooked Up In Series

Heater Treater 124. What is the most common type of Heater Treater?A. Horizontal Heater TreaterB. Diagonal Heater TreaterC. Vertical Heater TreaterD. There is no common type

125. What is the most important design consideration for a Heater Treater?A. Temperature of the VesselB. Pressure of the VesselC. Size of the VesselD. API gravity of oil treated

126. What is the working pressure for a vertical Heater Treater?A. 50 to 75 psiB. 150 to 200 psiC. Less than 30 psiD. 50 to 75 kpsi

Gas-liquid Separation Equipment - Slug Catcher127. What is the order of the formation of terrain induced slugging?A) Liquid build-up, Pressure build-up, Mass acceleration, Mass transportation, Pressure reduction at inletB) Pressure build-up, Liquid build-up, Mass transportation, Mass acceleration, Pressure reduction at inletC) Pressure reduction at inlet, Liquid build-up, Pressure build-up, Mass acceleration, Mass transportationD) Mass acceleration, Liquid build-up, Pressure build-up, Mass transportation, Pressure reduction at inlet

128. Which of the following are problems slugging may cause in a pipe network?A) Damage to sections of pipes where fluid flow direction changesB) Slug frequencies may match resonant frequencies of pipe networksC) Varying fluid flow may cause processing equipment efficiencies to dropD) All of the above

129. What differentiates horizontal vessel type slug catchers and vertical vessel type slug catchers?A) Horizontal vessel slug catchers can handle flows with more liquid than gasB) Vertical vessel slug catchers can handle flows with more liquid than gasC) Horizontal vessel slug catchers handle smaller slug sizesD) Vertical slug catchers are more expensive than horizontal slug catchers

Gas-Liquid Separation Equipment 130. Which of the following is NOT a reason why pressure is gradually reduced with stages in separators in the oil and gas industry? A. To avoid flash vaporization B. Stabilize oil and gas C. To allow controlled separation of non-volatile components D. Prevent safety hazards

131. Which Internal Vessel Component is NOT Commonly Shared Between Horizontal and Vertical Separators? A. Inlet Diverter B. Wave Breaker C. Spreader D. De-foaming Plate

132. Which of the following are advantages of a Vertical Separator A. Easy removal of solids , Less Space is required, Easy Maintenance B. Easy removal of solids , Less space is required, change in liquid level does not affect gas capacity C. . Easy removal of solids , Less Space is required, Better Phase Separation D. Better Phase Separation, Easy Maintenance, Efficient for large volumes of gas

Drilling: Use, Reuse, Disposal of water-133. Flow of Drilling fluid next to permeable formations and pressure create?A. Blowout conditionB. Mud CakesC. Water-based Mud (WBM)D. Fractures deep within the well

134. Early warning signs of a well kick (blowout) are all the following EXCEPT?A. Sudden change in drilling rateB. Change in pump PressureC. Change in surface fluid rateD. The formation of Mud Cakes

135. Which of the following is NOT an intended function of drilling fluid.A. Carrying Information about FormationB. Suspending CuttingsC. Creating FracturesD. Lifting Cuttings to the Surface]

Pipeline Metering136. What is the typical range of interstate pipeline pressures?a) 200 to 1500 kpsiab) 200 to 1500 psigc) 200 to 1500 Mpsiad) 200 to 1500 Kpsig

137. The purpose of reducing pipeline pressure at the metering station is to what?a) To improve worker safety and reduce the risk of environmental catastrophes.b) To reduce consumer demand and increase shareholder profits.c) To reduce 86.4% of the out gassing losses associated with aging pipes.d) To reduce the volume of the natural gas being transported (by up to 600 times).

138. What are two typical measurement devices used in pipeline metering?a) Rotameters and choices B and Db) Bourbon gauges and Carona metersc) Orifice meters and Bourdon gaugesd) Ultrasonic transducers and magneto-flux thermometers.

FLotation separation 139. What is the main difference between the IGF and DGF?a) IGF uses air and DGF uses nitrogen as their working gases.b) IGF insert gas directly into the flotation tank and DGF mixes the water and gas at high pressure, dissolving the gas.c) IGF is used to separate just oils, and DGF is used to separate just solids from waterd) IGF are vertical flotation towers, and DGF are horizontal flotation towers 140. Why air is not recommended to be used in gas flotation process?a) Because air will make the water very corrosive to pollutants and can result in the creation of flammable gas mixtures.b) Because maintenance on air pumps is more complex than nitrogen pumpsc) Air will get contaminated after the flotation processd) Air has a higher density than water, so it wont improve flotation of pollutants

141. What is the purpose of the gas bubbles in gas flotation systems?a) Bubbles decrease density of the oil or solid particles enabling a faster separationb) Whenever bubbles explode water is cleanedc) Bubbles increase density of the oil or solid particles enabling a faster separationd) The gas bubbles will dissolve the oil and solids

Safety and Hazardous Gases142. What happens when heavy gases and light gases mix?

A: Heavy gases and light gases riseB: Heavy gases tend to sink; light gases riseC: Heavy gases tend to rise; light gases sinkD: Heavy gases and light gases sink

143. What is the Lower Explosive Limit?A: The lowest concentration of hydrocarbons in air which will burnB: The lowest concentration of fuel in air which will burnC: The lowest amount of toxic substances required for combustionD: All of the Above

144.10,00ppm is equivalent toA: 1% volume of any spaceB: 2% volume of any spaceC: 5% volume of any spaceD: 10% volume of any space

Processing of NGLs145. Which of the following lists contains only NGLs?A. Ethane, Methane, and Pentane PlusB. Hydrogen Sulfide, Methane, and ButaneC. Ethane, Isobutane, and Pentane PlusD. Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Isobutane

146. Which of the following is NOT a stage of the NGL Processing Plant for non-associative natural gas?A. B. DehydrationC. Acid Gas RemovalD. NGL RecoveryE. Mercury Recovery

147. Which non-associative NGL processing stage occurs at the well?A. B. Condensate and Water RemovalC. Fractionation TrainD. Nitrogen RejectionE. Tail Gas Treating

Detecting Hydrates in Gas Pipelines148. Under what conditions do hydrates form?

A.) High Pressure, High TemperatureB.) High Pressure, Low TemperatureC.) Low Pressure, High TemperatureD.) Low Pressure, Low Temperature

149. Detecting hydrates in onshore pipelines includes the use of A.) Magnetic Resonance Imaging B.) Thermal Imaging Camera and Gamma Ray DensitometerC.) IR Thermometer and Pressure ReadingsD.) Sonar

150. Which of these is a step in determining where a hydrate is located using the pressure reduction technique?A.) Initial guess of hydrate locationB.) Increasing pressure downstream of the hydrateC.) Monitoring the flowrates upstream and downstream of the hydrateD.) All of the above

How Does Directional Drilling Turns Corners151. Which of the following is a benefit of directional drilling?

A) Improve the productivity of wells in fractured reservoirs.B) Seal or relieve other wells.C) Install underground utilities.D) All of the above

152. Modern Whipstocks are most often used..

A) At angles greater than 70 degreesB) In horizontal drilling C) In cased wellboresD) In all of the above

153. A mud motor is a device which..A) Delivers the drilling fluid (mud) from the surface to the bottom of the wellbore.B) Is typically modified from 0-23 degrees.C) Operates down hole via pressurized drilling fluid (mud). D) Operates at 6000 rpm in order to facilitates quick direction changes

Major Components of LNG plants 154. What does the acronym LNG stand for?A) Liquid Nitrogen GasB) Liquified Natural GasC) Light Natural GasD) Light Nitrogen Gas

155. When liquified, the volume of LNG reduces by a factor of?A) 400B) 500C) 600D) 700

156. Which hydrocarbon is NOT removed in the scrub columns?A) Hexane C6H18B) Octane C8H18C) Methane CH4D) Heptane C7H16

Field Use of LNG (replacing diesel fuel)157. Who was the first person to liquefy natural gas?a) b) Michael Faradayc) Gustav Kirchhoffd) James Clerk Maxwelle) None of the above

158. What compression is required to refuel CNG at a similar rate to LNG?a) b) 2600 psic) 3000 psid) 3600 psie) 4000 psi

159. Which is a Con of using LNG in commercial transport?a) b) more costly to maintainc) More expensive than dieseld) Lack of an established fueling infrastructuree) All of the Above

Plant Accidents with Natural Gas160. What was the penalty for the Kleen Energy Blowout Disaster?a. 4 death, 65 injuries, and over $20 million in finesb. 6 deaths, 50 injures, and over $16.5 million in finesc. Nobody died but fines totaled out to be more than $20 milliond. Kleen Energy received a slap on the wrist

161. The fire and explosion at natural gas plant near Plymouth Cleveland and the East Ohio Gas Company explosion are examples of what?a. A Cleaning Accidentb. Explosion resulting from a gas leak in the presence of an ignition sourcec. A simple fire that grew out of control and overheated stored natural gasd. An earthquake hitting a gas plant resulting in the fracturing of gas tanks

162. What was the equivalent amount of natural gas stored in one of the Natural Gas Plants near Plymouth that exploded?

a. 1.2 Billion cubic feetb. 1.2 Million cubic feetc. 1.2 Trillion cubic feetd. 1.2 Hundred Thousand cubic feet

Pipeline Accidents with Natural Gas163. What are the three types of pipelines along the transportation route?

A. Collecting, transportation and marketingB. Gathering, transmission and distributionC. Collecting, distributing and sellingD. Gathering, transportation and exporting

164. Top ranked natural gas consuming States:

A. California, Florida, Missouri and New YorkB. Texas, California, Colorado and UtahC. Texas, North Carolina, Iowa and AlabamaD. California, Colorado, Connecticut and North Carolina

165. What are the effects of pipeline accidents?

a. Fatal injuriesb. Significant property lossc. Disruptiond. All of the above

Fires at Natural Gas Wells166. Which of the following is NOT a method for detecting the presence of natural gas?

A. UltrasonicB. ElectrochemicalC. ThermoelectricD. Infrared point

167. Which method of extinguishing well fires blows out the fire by forcing the burning fuel and oxygen away from the fuel source?A. B. Raising the plumC. Dry ChemicalsD. Relief WellsE. Controlled Explosions

168. Which of the following are repercussions to natural gas well fires?A. B. InjuriesC. Property DamageD. Loss of resourcesE. All of the above

Major Components at a Completed Well Site169. Which of the valves located on the Christmas Tree is usually hydraulically or pneumatically operated?

A.) Lower master valveB.) Upper master valveC.) Kill wing valveD.) Production wing valve

170. Where is the production packer located inside the wellbore casing?

A.) Directly below the wellheadB.) Midway down the wellboreC.) Above the perforations in the wellboreD.) Inside the Christmas tree

171. In the event of a surface disaster (such as a wellhead failure), which position does the downhole safety valve fail in?

A.) Open B.) ClosedC.) UnchangedD.) Has to be manually actuated

Introduction to Emulsions Questions-Gentry Colvin172. Which of these words is used to describe the dissolved medium of matter in an emulsion?

A) Dispersed phaseB) Distributed phaseC) Scattered phaseD) Spread phase

173. Which is not a method of emulsion separation?

A) FlocculationB) Through use of surfactantsC) CreamingD) Coalescenc

174. Will an unmonitored untouched emulsion with no emulsifiers in the presence of gravity separate?A) It depends on the specific substances in the emulsionB) It depends on the matter state of the substances which compose the emulsionC) YesD) No

Upstream Oil/Gas Production Operations175. What does BS&W Stand for?A) B) Biodegradable solids & waste C) Basic sediment & water D) Biological systems & waste E) Basic Salts & Waste

176. What must the oil content in disposed water be less than according to OSPAR?

A)>40ppmB) >60ppmC) >80ppmD) >100ppm

177. Why are the water & other liquids removed from the gas train before the compression stage?I. Water Particles will damage the compression equipment II. The Water and other liquids were already condensed due to heat removal A) IB) IIC) Both I&IID) Neither

Phase Separation of Oil, Gas and Water178. What is the acceptable percentage of water for pipeline quality oil?A. B. < 5%C.