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Separation techniques 25Mb
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Classifying MatterMatter (solid, liquid gas)
Pure substanceImpure substance (mixture)
Element Compound
non metalmetal
mix 2 or more
react 2 or more
separate by physical methods (SEE LECTURE1)
separate by chemical reaction
Notes1. Matter is anything with mass that takes up space
2. Pure substances are single substances. (eg distilled water contains 100% water)
3. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed in any ratio or proportion
4. Elements are special substances which contain just one type of atom (eg sodium Na contains Na atoms only)
5. Compounds are substances that contain two or more elements chemically combined together. They are usually hard to separate.
FiltrationYour teacher will now show you how to use the equipment
Clamp stand
conical flaskfilter funnelbeaker
water
100mL beaker
strip of filter paper
Paper Chromatography
Your teacher will now explain how to set up the equipment
Chromatography Results
How the solvent rises
You should mark the position of the solvent front with a fine pencil before it dries out
Research: Try to find out what is meant by Rf values
How do these relate to the separated dye components?
Metal Burning in Air.mpeg
Distillation
animation
Assemble your own Liebig Condenser
Labelled distillation equipment
Distilling crude oil (a complex mixture of hydrocarbons)
Notice the range of temperatures! Which component has the lowest, which the highest? What is the approx boiling point of petrol?
The distillation of crude oil takes place in a petroleum refinery like this.
Filling up at Tesco's in the UK.
The world would a lot different without petrol!
Discuss this in small groups