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Sentenced! Part 1. On the Chain Gang -- Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences. Verbs. The core or nucleus of every sentence is a verb. Verbs. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Sentenced! Part 1
On the Chain Gang --
Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences
Verbs
The core or nucleus
of every sentence is a
verb.
Verbs
That means it is the most important part, and you cannot have a sentence without at least one verb that is doing the job of a verb.
The Jobs of Verbs
Add information about people, places, things, events, and so forth.
2. Indicate the time of the message. (Tense)
Note about Verbs
A verb can be either a single word or a set of words.
“Many birds live near brooks.”“That homing pigeon has
flown back to Utah from Mexico.”
Verbs Add Information
_____has been lying (in the street)(for three weeks)._____ received all A’s.
______ ate eight Big Macs and three orders (of fries).
Who or what?
Verbs Show Time
_____ is a secret agent._____ was a secret agent.
______ will be a secret agent._______ has been a secret agent.
Who or what?
= Subject
_____ is a secret agent._____ was a secret agent.
______ will be a secret agent._______ has been a secret agent.
Who or what?
= Subject
Verbs Show Time
_____ runs six miles a day._____ ran six miles a day.
_____ will run six miles a day._____ has run six miles a day.
Who or what?
= Subject
_____ runs six miles a day._____ ran six miles a day.
_____ will run six miles a day._____ has run six miles a day.
Who or what?
= Subject
The Subject
the wording (usually coming before the verb) that a verb
adds information about
the wording (usually coming before the verb) that a verb
adds information about
The Subject
The Job of the subject is to occupy the “territory”
(usually) before the verb and answer (or ask) who or what.
Who? What?
The Job of the subject is to occupy the “territory”
(usually) before the verb and answer (or ask) who or what.
Who? What?
Nouns and Their Replacers
The importance of the jobs of nouns is second only to the importance of the jobs of verbs.
Higher Pay for Nouns!
Nouns and Their Replacers
The Test for Finding Nouns: Say THE before each word (outside the sentence). If it “fits,” and if the word’s meaning does not change, the word is a noun. This won’t work for
Proper nouns -- look for the capital letters.
Nouns and Their Replacers
Practice the Test for Finding Nouns:
The dog jumped over the orange cow.
(Remember that the word shouldn’t change meaning when “the, a, an” is placed in
front of it.)
Louie gently coaxed the pig into its pen.
Noun Jobs
As subject (usually before the verb)
As an object of a verb
Sunshine has warmth.
As an object of a preposition
Shaylene came with friends.
Noun Replacers
Pronouns -- Personal you he she it we they
2. Others -- his yours theirs
someone nothing anybody everything many few another
both either some etc. that those this these
Sentenced! Part 2
On the Chain Gang --
Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences
Reminder The core or nucleus
of every sentence is a verb which adds information and indicates time.
A Synonym
A verb may also be
called a
predicate.
ReminderThe Job of the subject is to
occupy the “territory” (usually) before the verb and answer (or ask) who or what.
Who? What?
The Job of the subject is to occupy the “territory”
(usually) before the verb and answer (or ask) who or what.
Who? What?
Sentence
a subject (shown or “implied”)
+ a verb (that is
adding information about the subject)
= complete thought
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
It will begin with a capital letter and and end with a punctuation mark.
Examples of Sentences
Dinner was good. Can you go to the mall with me? Get me some popcorn. What a great game that was!
About Clauses
No, not that kind of Claus!
About Clauses
A clause is a group of words
that has a subject and a
verb (predicate).
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
Changing the Topic?
Are you independent
or
dependent?
Independent or Dependent?
In other words, can
you stand on your own in
life?
An Independent Person
An independent person can stand on his or her own -- lift his or her own “weight.”
An Independent Clause
An independent clause can stand on its
own.
About Clauses
A clause is a group of words
that has a subject and a
verb (predicate).
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
A Dependent Person
A dependent person needs help or care or basics provided for him or her.
A Dependent Clause
A dependent clause needs an independent clause joined to it. A dependent clause can not stand on its own.
About Clauses
A clause is a group of words
that has a subject and a
verb (predicate).
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
A Dependent Clause
A dependent clause has a subject and
a verb (predicate), but
does not express a complete
thought.
A Dependent Clause
Examples:-- that you will
succeed-- before she went
to the mall-- where I have laid
my watch down
What makes a Clause Dependent?
A word is added to the front of the clause.
-- before she went to the mall
-- where I have laid my watch down
Complex Sentence
When you combine a dependent clause with an independent clause, you have a complex sentence.
Complex Sentence
If the dependent clause comes first, use a
comma ( , ) to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
Dependent or Independent?
Where the candy was.
We never gave the other team a chance.
Because I won the contest.
Will you help me clean up my room?
Sentenced! Part 3
On the Chain Gang --
Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences
Why Worry About Sentences?
Why should we worry about
using complete, correct
sentences in our writing?
Why Worry About Sentences?
What reasons can you think
of? Who would like to be a scribe?
Why Worry About Sentences?
Why Worry About Sentences?To make sense B1
Use them every day
Organization
The way we talk
The way we write
Not confused
Why Worry About Sentences?
Used every day B2
Get into college
Don’t Act like gangsters
Don’t sound stupid
So we can communicate with people
So Ms. Dorsey won’t get mad
Know what we’re trying to say
Why Worry About Sentences?
It makes sense
To not be a hick
To get a good grade
To get a job
Why Worry About Sentences?
A1
So people can understand us.
So you can get a good grade.
So we can sound educated.
Why Worry About Sentences?
A2
So people will understand
We don’t want to talk like Tarzan.
Get a good education
Can speak with a variety of people
Why Worry About Sentences?
Non-Sentences
To the left you see a non-human.
Below you see some non-sentences:o green alien
o although he seems friendly and cute
o that humans look strange
Phrases
One possible type of non-sentences are PHRASES. These are groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb.
Phrases
One popular phrase is
“Merry Christmas!”
Phrases
Here are some other phrases:
red glass ornamentshas been hangingon the artificial treethe tall teenage boy
without a ladder
Just for Fun
Can you answer this question?
What do a cat on a beach and Christmas have in common?
Just For Fun
The answer is this:
They both have
“Sandy Claus/claws”!
Back to Work on the Chain Gang!
Can you explain what a
clause is?
No, not “Claus,” but “clause.”
Back to Work on the Chain Gang!
Reminder: When is a
clause not a sentence --
a non-sentence?
Back to Work on the Chain Gang!
Reminder: What is a phrase?
Three Major Types of Non-Sentences
a fragment
a run-on
a comma-splice
Fragments
A sentence fragment is a
piece of a sentence. It cannot stand
on its own and make sense.
Fragments
Examples:Went to the theme park yesterdayWe on the biggest roller coaster
My whole familyBecause I wanted cotton candy
__________
A sentence fragment can be a phrase or a clause (or a single word).
Run-On’s
A run-on sentence
contains two complete
thoughts that are not joined
properly.
Run-On’s
Examples: It is cold out I don’t want to wear my
heavy coat. Becca will pick me up we’ll go ice
skating.___________
A run-on will be made up of two (or more) independent clauses.
Comma Splices
A comma-splice is made up of two sentences
joined by a comma.
It also is a non-sentence!
Comma Splices
Examples:Our team practiced every afternoon, we
practiced for an hour.The coach gave the team a pep talk,
they played better after that.-------
A comma-splice will be made up of two (or more) independent clauses.
Sentenced! Part 4
On the Chain Gang --
Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences
Back to Basics
A sentence must have a verb.
A sentence also needs a subject, but that may be shown or implied.
(Put the yarn down, and step away from the mouse with your paws up.)
Back to Basics
Sentences are made up of
individual words,
phrases,
and clauses. Of course, a sentence will also start with a
capital letter and end with an end punctuation mark.
Back to Basics
A phrase is a sentence part made up of more than one word.
A clause is a sentence part that has both a subject and a verb.
Back to Basics
An independent clause has both a subject and a verb, and can stand on its own as a complete sentence.
A dependent clause has both a subject and a verb, but cannot stand on its own, usually because something has been added to it.
Dependent or Independent?
I was surprised.
Since she was late.
That Ms. Dorsey gave a quiz today.
But the snack bar is closed.
Sierra rushed to class.
Tyler is hungry.
Dependent or Independent?
I was surprised that Ms. Dorsey gave a quiz today.
Since she was late, Sierra rushed to class.
Tyler is hungry, but the snack bar is closed.
Three Major Types of Non-Sentences
a fragment
a run-on
a comma-spliceThese are crimes against grammar!
Crimes Against Grammar!
A fragment is a set of words that does not present a complete thought.
Crimes Against Grammar!
A run-on is two complete sentences (two independent clauses) that have been shoved together without being properly joined.
Crimes Against Grammar!
A comma-splice is two complete sentences (two independent clauses) that have been shoved together with just a comma inbetween.
Crimes Against Grammar!
These are actually criminals that can be reformed! There are ways to fix fragments, run-ons, and comma-splices!
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex SentenceRemember?
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
Simple Sentence = noun + verb
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
Simple Sentence = noun + verb
Example:
Mr. Christensen is leaving.
Make up another example.
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
2. Compound Sentence
Two independent clauses (complete sentences) are joined together with appropriate conjunctions and punctuation.
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
2. Compound Sentence
Mr. Christensen is leaving, and the students are sad.
Make up another compound sentence.
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
2. Complex Sentence
A dependent clause and an independent clause are joined together with appropriate conjunctions and punctuation.
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
2. Complex Sentence
Example:
After Mr. Christensen
leaves, school won’t be as fun. (or)
School won’t be as fun after Mr. Christensen leaves.
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
2. Complex Sentence
Example:
Create your own example, and write it first with the dependent clause first, and then with the dependent clause last.
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
2. Complex/ Compound
Sentence: Dependent Clause
+ two independent clauses, or . . .
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
Example: Since Mr. Christensen was such a great student teacher, the students got better grades, and Ms. Dorsey wasn’t as stressed as usual.
Complex/Compound Sentence
Legal Ways to Create Sentences
Create your own example of a compound/complex sentence.
Complex/Compound Sentence