Sensor Technology for Civil and Mechanical Systems (STCMS)

Shih-Chi Liu, Program Director

sliu@nsf.gov (703) 292-7017

The 4th International Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, 10/06

Engineering: Culture, Tradition, and Diversity

What Do We Do?

Research Teaching

Practice

As an Engineer…

• What do we do?

-- Research, Teaching, and Practice

• What is the nature of our work?

-- Analysis & Design (> 80%)

Directorate for EngineeringFY 06 Budget

Assistant DirectorRichard Buckius

Assistant DirectorRichard Buckius

Senior AdvisorNanotechnologySenior Advisor

Nanotechnology

Office of IndustrialInnovation

OII (SBIR/STTR)

Office of IndustrialInnovation

OII (SBIR/STTR)

Bioengineering &Environmental

SystemsBES

Bioengineering &Environmental

SystemsBES

Civil &Mechanical

SystemsCMS

Civil &Mechanical

SystemsCMS

Chemical &TransportSystems

CTS

Chemical &TransportSystems

CTS

EngineeringEducation &

CentersEEC

EngineeringEducation &

CentersEEC

Electrical &Communications

SystemsECS

Electrical &Communications

SystemsECS

Design &Manufacturing

InnovationDMI

Design &Manufacturing

InnovationDMI

Bruce Hamilton($46.53M)

Warren DeVries($58.25M)

Kesh Narayanan($102.87M)

Geoffrey Prentice, Acting($63.06M)

Adnan Akay($80.28M)

Usha Varshney($64.95M)

Gary Gabriele($134.81M)

Mike Roco

NSF: $5,581.17M

ENG: $575.38M

NSF Operation

Guiding Principles: People Ideas Tools

Five Pillars of Scholarship

NSF Earthquake Hazard Mitigation

EHM Historical Milestones

Pro

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m A

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ual

Bu

dg

et

1964 77 80 91 9472

No

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rid

ge

Lo

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Pri

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New

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RP

Rep

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14.0M

18.0M

8.0M

San

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2.0M

0.5M

Ala

ska

US

-Jap

an L

arg

e-S

cale

Tes

tin

g P

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US

-PR

C P

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col

An

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III

US

-Ta

iwan

New Structural System Design

• 1950---Structures Mostly Non-Engineered• 1960---Moment Resisting Frames Shear Walls• 1970---Rigorous Bldg Codes Development for Steel, R/C & Masonry Bldgs• 1980---Braced Frames, Reinforced Masonry• 1990---Precast/Prestressed &

Composite/Hybrid Systems• Future—Smart Structures

US-Taiwan Cooperation

• 1978—US Group Visit (ST Mau & Penzien) Newmark, Clough, Jennings…

* Penzien spent one yr at NTU

*Feitzui Dam study (Clough/Mau, Penzien)

* Kaohsiung Cross-harbor Tunnel (Penzien)

* SMART Array (Bolt/Penzien/Tsai/Mau)

*Workshops

US-Taiwan Cooperation (Cont)

• 1999---Chi-Chi EQ * Int’l WS in Taichun (NSC sponsored)

(Liu & 12 US & foreign researchers)

* NSF initiated an one-yr initiative

* US EQ Engr Centers approached NSC & NCREE to initiate center-to-center research—but not much has happened

When I was Young (1978)

EASTERN & WESTERN CULTURE

•Family value Individual value

•Personal level Business manner

•Traditional Less traditional

•Verbal Commitment Written contract

•Sharing of wealth Self-sufficient

•Long-term gain Short-term gain

•Balanced Centralized

Balance & Harmony

“Shoveling Manure For a Day is an Excellent Counterbalance to

Intellectual Work.”

-Baruck BlumbergDirector, NASA Institute of Astrobiology

1976 Nobel Prize in Medicine

Balance & Harmony

Examples ofYin and YangShade Sunshine

Hidden Exposed

Earth Heaven

Moon Sun

Female Male

Inward-looking Outgoing

Closed Open

Moore’s Law – Revisited

year

log

(p

eo

ple

pe

r c

om

pu

ter)

Number CrunchingData Storage

productivityinteractive

streaming streaming informationinformationto/from physical to/from physical worldworld

Mainframe

Minicomputer

Workstation

PC

Laptop

PDA

60 70 80 9050 00 10

We are on the verge of a vast increase in the spatial & temporal spatial & temporal fidelityfidelity at which we instrument &

analyze the physical world.

Sensors & Sensing Systems

• Sensing Systems: Sensors & Assoc electronic or optical

processing that make the measurement usable

• Smart Sensors: Sensors to have self calibrating and self

diagnosis capabilities

Hybrid Autonomic Fly Trap

epidermis

vein

Parenchymacells epidermis

Sensing hair

K+

expand

H2O

H+

Insect touches the antenna located in the middle of leaf.

Rapid closure of the leaf trap the insect.

Cross-section view before the leaf motion.

After the leaf motion.

(Courtesy of Profesor M. Taya)

Bio-Inspired Engineered Systems

www.jamesedmunds.com

A. Kobayashi (www.gps.caltech.edu)

SiO2Au

Materials

Nature 424: 853 (2003)

Optics

Sensors

(Self-Assembled)

Structures

Autumn et al. Nature (2000)

Catalysis

Sensors and Sensor NetworksInitiative

• FY 2003.--$45M

• FY 2004– ~$39M

• FY 2005 – -$30M

Program MetricsNo. of

ProposalsNo. of

AwardsSuccess

Rate

(%)

Dwell Time

(months)

2003 163 16 10 4.66

2002 83 10 12 4.93

2001 87 12 14 6.72

Proposals # doubled, but funding rate is decreasing.

Opportunity in Sensors Research

Sensors for the Detection of Explosives

$20 million

Credit: Mete Sozen and Julio Ramirez, Purdue University School of Civil Engineering

Future Trends

• MULTIPLE HAZARD SOL’Ns• TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS

--information technology --new materials & new systems --wide use of sensors, actuactors, etc -- autoadaptive media

• TRADITIONAL & NONTRADITIONAL APPROACHES

TEACHING

Generous time for students Continuous curriculum updating Knowledge transfer across the lines & out of the box Enable students to search and innovate on his own Concurrent teaching & learning Cultivating & mentoring Creating opportunities enabling students to mature ………

Bottom Line:

How many high-quality students has the teacher graduated?

Who are good teachers here today?

All of you are!

In Particular: --Mete Sozen,…..

--Tomizuka

--Joe Penzien

The Best Teacher Ever?

The God--as a teacher He has taught for K’s/M’s of years He has had millions of students all over the

world Except a few, most students were loyal to

Him He reaches out to students of all geographic

locations, all genders, all races, all ages, and rich and poor

WHY GOD NEVER REC’VED TENURE AT ANY UNIVERSITY?

o He had only one major publicationo It was in Hebrewo It had no referenceo It wasn’t not published in a refereed

journalo Some doubt he wrote it Himselfo He may have created the world, but

what has He done since?o The scientific community can’t

replicate His results

WHY GOD NEVER REC’VED TENURE AT ANY UNIVERSITY?

(Cont.)

o He rarely come to class and just told students: “Read the Book”

o Some say He has his son teach the class

o He expelled His first two studentso His office hours were irregular and

sometimes held on a mountaintopo Although there were only 10

requirements, most students failed

The World Forum on Smart Materials and

Smart Structures Technology

(SMSST ’07)

May 22-27, 2007

Chongqing & Nanjing, China

http://www.smsst07.org

Hosts• Chongqing

• Nanjing

China

China

Time to Toast Again

Questions?

Useful Web Addresses

• National Science Foundation: www.nsf.gov• Civil & Mechanical Systems: http://www.eng.nsf.gov/cms/• Grant Proposal Guide: http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?nsf0423• FY2004 Guide to Programs:

http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?nsf04009• Sensors and Sensor Networks (FY2004 version):

http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?ods_key=nsf04522• Mathematical Sciences: Innovations at the Interface with the Sciences and

Engineering (FY2004 version): http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?ods_key=nsf04538

• Program Officers (Dynamic Systems, Modeling, Sensing and Control)– Dr. Shih-Chi Liu sliu@nsf.gov 703-292-7017