SENIOR ENGLISHPAPER

PACKET

PLAINEDGE HIGH SCHOOL2014-2015

Name _______________________________English 12RMrs. Filosa, Mrs. Garcia, and Mrs. Medina

Table of ContentsOverview Pages 3-4

Topic List Page 5

Research Proposal Page 6

Thesis Statement Page 7

How to Write a Research Question Page 8

Initial Research Worksheet Page 9-10

Evaluation Tool #1 Pages 11-12

Evaluation Tool #2 Pages 13-14

Evaluation Tool #3 Pages 15-16

Outline Page 17

How to Write an Introduction Page 18

Research Paper Format Page 19

Databases Pages 20-21

Paraphrasing Page 22

Parenthetical Citation Cheat Sheet Page 23

Sample MLA Works Cited Page Page 24

MLA Works Cited Pages 25-27

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What is the Senior English Paper and Presentation?

The Senior English Paper and Presentation can be viewed as a “coming together” of the skills that you have been developing throughout the course of your middle and high school educational experience (reading, writing, research, critical thinking, presenting, and independent learning). The paper will be the final requirement that you will complete for English class. The end result will be a research paper and a final presentation. The paper will be completed in several steps which will be outlined in your quarter syllabi. PLEASE NOTE: This is not a report!

The Senior English Paper (Due upon presentation)

The first draft of your research paper will count as two test grades for the second quarter. You must include a cover page with your thesis statement on it. Your paper will be written on a topic of your choice that has been approved by your teacher. Keep in mind that this paper will be written in several steps so you should never feel overwhelmed. The process of writing this paper will consist of small tasks assigned throughout. No one should be writing this paper the night before it’s due. Your final research paper will count as two test grades for the fourth quarter.

A high quality paper:

Is well-written, well-organized, and is completely free of grammatical/mechanical errors. Uses language that is engaging and sophisticated. Incorporates research (via citations) that is relevant and varied. Sheds “new light” on the subject. It must go above and beyond a simple report. Provides critical analysis based on the research. Is written in MLA format and contains a properly formatted “Works Cited” page (see

attached).

As far as sources are concerned, it is definitely in your best interest to consult a number of sources since this will provide you with an expanded perspective on your subject. REMINDER: Encyclopedias are not acceptable sources. The following is a list of potential sources that can be used for this project:

Research journals and books Accredited Internet sites (no personal web pages) Additional non-fiction print sources where relevant.

A Word on Plagiarism (see rules and policies)

It goes without saying that plagiarism will not be tolerated. If it is determined that a student is guilty of plagiarism, that student will receive an automatic zero for the paper which could possibly jeopardize graduation. There will be no chance to re-do a plagiarized paper for a passing grade. If you are unsure of how to cite sources, please see your English teacher. In addition, an MLA style works cited guide can be found at the back of this packet so that you may refer to it as you are writing your paper.

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The Presentation

Each of you will be given one class period to present your project to the class. Presentations will take place in the fourth quarter and will count as two test grades. Your presentation should:

be creative and should keep the audience engaged throughout. run 30 minutes. You should defend your thesis for 20 minutes, but you may include a brief Do Now,

less than five minutes of relevant video, and relevant class discussion at the end of your presentation to reach the 30 minute mark.

teach the class about your topic and defend your thesis through facts. be compatible to PHS – see Ms. Nycz or Ms. Vidal.

Please do not worry about presenting. When the time comes, you will have so much information and will be so well-versed on your subject that you will easily fill the time. Also, each of you will meet with your English teacher to discuss your presentation and to come up with a game plan.

Grading Procedures

Several assignments will be given throughout the year to help keep you on track with the overall project. Also, the Senior Paper and Presentation will account for all of your fourth quarter average, so simple math will tell you how it will impact your final grade for the year. Remember that the paper and presentation count as two test grades each.

Reminders

__________ If you lose your original rough draft with the corrections and suggestions, you will not be allowed to submit a final paper and will receive two zeros for the fourth quarter.

__________ If you are not in school the day you are scheduled to present, you will receive two zeros for the presentation.

__________ If you fail the paper or the presentation in the fourth quarter, you will not be allowed to make up the grade.

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Topic List1) The impact of large corporations on the country2) The impact of the government on the country3) The impact of the economic downturn on the country4) The impact of lobbyists on the country5) The impact of the FDA on the country6) The funding of the military7) The treatment of veterans8) The impact of the change of television and movies on society9) The effects of online shopping on society10) Is a college education worth the money?11) The impact of sports on the economy12) The overscheduling of children13) The changing family unit14) Food in the United States15) Overmedication in the United States16) Hemp production in the United States17) Caffeine18) The urbanization of the United States19) Alternative fuel sources20) The changing face of religion21) The impact of money on the justice system22) Credit in America23) The rising prevalence of allergies24) The changing face of education25) Employment shifts in the United States26) Political correctness in America27) The increase of camera use in America28) Gender roles in America29) Medical research30) Physical activity in America

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Research ProposalIn order to begin researching a topic, you must first propose or advise us of your intentions for the project. You will let us know the following: what the general topic is that you have chosen; you will give us the argument for it (pro-side of topic) and then the counter-argument (the opposite side of the argument); you will tell us what you want to learn about your topic; you will tell us what you want to prove; and finally, you will give us a list of, at least, four sources that you may use to research your topic. This will count as a quiz grade for the first quarter.

Topic Selection: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Argument: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Counter-Argument: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What do you want to learn?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What do you want to prove?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

List of Sources (Author and Article title)1.

2.

3.

4.

Thesis StatementWhen faced with a controversial question or dilemma—in school or at work—you can do research to find out more about the problem. In time, you will discover enough information to form your

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own opinion, or argument, on the question. The thesis statement is your entire argument summarized into one sentence.

A thesis statement is NOT a question a fact a topic

Criteria for a thesis statement It must be an opinion that needs to be proven

Check Yourself: Would anyone bother to argue against you?

It must be an opinion that can be provenCheck Yourself: Could you find facts to back this up?

It should be focused, answering a specific question Check Yourself: Is this something you could argue at length?

It should be one sentence and crystal clear Check Yourself: Could anyone find this slightly confusing?

Examples of thesis statements

The death penalty should be abolished. Near death experiences signify that an afterlife exists. Female students learn better in all-women colleges. Televised news stories about suicide trigger a significant rise in teen suicides. There is a significant correlation between teen smoking and academic achievement.

These are basic thesis statements. For your paper, you will be required to create a double sided thesis statement where you show both the counter claim and the claim.

A mini lesson on how to do this will be done in class.

How to Develop a Research QuestionA research question is a…

clear focused concise complex arguable

…question around which you center your research. The specificity of a well-developed research question helps writers avoid the “all-about” paper and work toward supporting a specific, arguable thesis. Steps to developing a research question:

1. Start asking questions. Start asking yourself open-ended “how” and “why” questions about your topic. Stay away from “who”, “what”, “where”, and “when” questions as these do not delve deep enough into the topic.

2. Evaluate your questions. After you’ve got a couple of question down on paper, evaluate these questions to realize if they would be effective research questions or if they need more revising.

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o Is your research question clear? With so much research available on any given topic, research questions must be as clear as possible in order to be effective in helping the writer direct his or her research.

o Is your research question focused? Research questions must be specific enough to be well covered in the space available.

o Is your research question complex? Research questions should not be answerable with a simple “yes” or “no” or by easily-found facts. They should, instead, require both research and analysis on the part of the writer.

2. Hypothesize. After you’ve come up with a question, think about what the path you think the answer will take. Where do you think your research will take you? What kind of argument are you hoping to make/support? What will it mean if your research disputes your planned argument? At this step, you are well on your way to having a focus for your research, constructing a thesis, and then writing out your argument in a paper.

Sample Research QuestionsUnclear: Why are social networking sites harmful?Clear: How are online users experiencing or addressing privacy issues on such social networking sites as MySpace and Facebook?

The clearer version specifies sites (MySpace and Facebook), the type of harm (privacy issues), and whom the issue is harming (users). A strong research question should never leave room for ambiguity or interpretation.

Unfocused: What is the effect on the environment from global warming?Focused: How is glacial melting affecting penguins in the Arctic Circle?The focused version narrows down to a specific cause (glacial melting), a specific place (the Arctic Circle), and a specific group that is affected (penguins). When in doubt, make a research question as narrow and focused as possible.

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Initial ResearchName ________________________________Teacher ______________________________Period ______

Directions: Complete the worksheet below using as much detail as possible. In addition, you must type your initial research information and submit it to Turnitin.com or it will not be accepted. Staple this worksheet to the back of your typed proposal. This will count as a test grade for the first quarter.

Topic______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Initial Thesis Statement______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Research Questions and research (You must have 5 questions which cannot be answered with a simple yes or no and which will be able to provide you with approximately 1 page of type-written information each. In addition, you must have citations and research that answer the research questions.)

1)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Evaluation Tool #1Name _______________________________________________

Date _______________

Research Topic ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Name of Site ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Article Title _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Article Author(s) _____________________________________________________________________________________________

OR

Book Title __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Book Author(s) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: For each question under credibility and accuracy, place an x in the appropriate box. All answers should be in the YES column for this to be a viable resource. If a NO is checked, a conference must be held with the teacher and a strong case made as to why this source should be allowed in the research paper. Next, you will summarize the article in box 1, use at least two examples of textual evidence (parenthetical documentation) to show the topic of the article in box 2, and in box 3 you will explain the claim (argument) portrayed in the article and the counterclaim (counterargument) that goes along with it. You will use these evaluation sheets to create your own thesis statement down the road.

Credibility: YES NO

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1) Is there a reputable author, organization, or agency that takes credit for the information?

2) Is the tone of the source free of humor, sarcasm, and informal language?

3) Is the source free of careless errors/editing (documents without dates, misspelled words, bad grammar, etc.)?4) Is the source age-appropriate for a high school research paper?

Accuracy: YES NO

1) Is the information objective (not obviously biased)?

2) Is the information factually based (supportable with facts, not pure opinion)?

3) Is the information up-to-date?

Summary:

Textual Evidence:

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Argument:

Counterargument:

Evaluation Tool #2Name _______________________________________________

Date _______________

Research Topic ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Name of Site ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Article Title _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Article Author(s) _____________________________________________________________________________________________

OR

Book Title __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Book Author(s) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: For each question under credibility and accuracy, place an x in the appropriate box. All answers should be in the YES column for this to be a viable resource. If a NO is checked, a conference must be held with the teacher and a strong case made as to why this source should be allowed in the research paper. Next, you will summarize the article in box 1, use at least two examples of textual evidence (parenthetical documentation) to show the topic of the article in box 2, and in box 3 you will explain the claim (argument) portrayed in the article and the counterclaim (counterargument) that goes along with it. You will use these evaluation sheets to create your own thesis statement down the road.

Credibility: YES NO

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1) Is there a reputable author, organization, or agency that takes credit for the information?

2) Is the tone of the source free of humor, sarcasm, and informal language?

3) Is the source free of careless errors/editing (documents without dates, misspelled words, bad grammar, etc.)?4) Is the source age-appropriate for a high school research paper?

Accuracy: YES NO

1) Is the information objective (not obviously biased)?

2) Is the information factually based (supportable with facts, not pure opinion)?

3) Is the information up-to-date?

Summary:

Textual Evidence:

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Argument:

Counterargument:

Evaluation Tool #3Name _______________________________________________

Date _______________

Research Topic ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Name of Site ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Article Title _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Article Author(s) _____________________________________________________________________________________________

OR

Book Title __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Book Author(s) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: For each question under credibility and accuracy, place an x in the appropriate box. All answers should be in the YES column for this to be a viable resource. If a NO is checked, a conference must be held with the teacher and a strong case made as to why this source should be allowed in the research paper. Next, you will summarize the article in box 1, use at least two examples of textual evidence (parenthetical documentation) to show the topic of the article in box 2, and in box 3 you will explain the claim (argument) portrayed in the article and the counterclaim (counterargument) that goes along with it. You will use these evaluation sheets to create your own thesis statement down the road.

Credibility: YES NO

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1) Is there a reputable author, organization, or agency that takes credit for the information?

2) Is the tone of the source free of humor, sarcasm, and informal language?

3) Is the source free of careless errors/editing (documents without dates, misspelled words, bad grammar, etc.)?4) Is the source age-appropriate for a high school research paper?

Accuracy: YES NO

1) Is the information objective (not obviously biased)?

2) Is the information factually based (supportable with facts, not pure opinion)?

3) Is the information up-to-date?

Summary:

Textual Evidence:

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Argument:

Counterargument:

Outline Start with your thesis on top of the page

Make sure your research questions are in the order of your thesis

Turn your research question into a statement

Bullet the information that you are going to put in each paragraph

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Thesis: Although Wal-Mart has benefitted society, its economically and morally corrupt policies have had a hand in ruining the economy.

I. Wal-Mart does benefit the American people in a few ways.

Wal-Mart helps to get more locally grown produce into supermarkets. Wal-Mart is taking an interest in the small farm and finding ways to encourage them to

grow and produce food. Wal-Mart has benefitted society by creating jobs.

II. The feeble state of the economy is due in part to the corrupt business practices of Wal-Mart.

There has been an attempt to get rid of sickly workers who might become a liability by using health insurance claims.

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Wal-Mart has too much political involvement and the personal interests of the bosses will overcome the best interest s of the company.

III. Wal-Mart limits the flow of money within the economy. Wal-Mart attempts to keep its work force healthy through a survival of the fittest

mentality. This is an attempt by the company to limit the progress of the workers within the

company and causes them to struggle to make ends meet.

REMEMBER: THIS IS PART OF AN OUTLINE.YOUR OUTLINE WILL BE LONGER THAN THIS.

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How to Write an IntroductionA clear, concise, well-organized, and engaging introduction will help to efficiently set-up your paper. The introduction must captivate your audience’s attention and interest. Otherwise, the audience may not be convinced to continue reading. Your introduction serves as a preview for the remainder of your paper, conveying necessary background information to your readers, identifying your topic and its significance, and unveiling how you will organize your essay. An effective introduction also establishes your voice as a writer and your point of view towards your topic.

The introductory paragraph of any paper, long or short, should start with a sentence that piques the interest of your readers.

In a well-constructed first paragraph, that first sentence will lead into three or four sentences that provide details about the subject or your process you will address in the body of your essay. These sentences should also set the stage for your thesis statement.

The thesis statement is at the end of the paragraph. The entirety of your paper hangs on that sentence, which is generally the last sentence of your introductory paragraph.

In summary, your introductory paragraph should contain the following:

an attention-grabbing first sentence informative sentences that build to your thesis the thesis statement, which makes a claim or states a view that you will support or build

upon

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Research Paper’s FormatMLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.

Margins:Except for page numbers (see below), leave one-inch margins all around the text of your paper – left side, right side, and top and bottom. Paragraphs should be indented half an inch; set-off quotations should be indented an inch from the left margin (five spaces and ten spaces, respectively, on standard typewriters).

Spacing:The MLA Guide says that “the research paper must be double-spaced,” including quotations, notes, and the list of works cited.

Heading and Title:Your research paper needs a title page which includes your name, the name of your teacher(s), the date, and your thesis statement. At the top of the first page, at the left-hand margin, type your name, your instructor’s name, the course name and number, and the date – all on separate, double-spaced lines. Then double-space again and center the title above your text. (If your title requires more than one line, double-space between the lines.) Double-space again before beginning your text. The title should be neither underlined nor written in all capital letters. Capitalize only the first, last, and principal words of the title. Titles might end with a question mark or an exclamation mark if that is appropriate, but not in a period.

Page Numbers:Number your pages consecutively throughout the manuscript (including the first page) in the upper right-hand corner of each page, one-half inch from the top. Type your last name before the page number. Most word processing programs provide for a “running head,” which you can set up as you create the format for the paper, at the same time you are establishing things like the one-inch margins and the double-spacing. This feature makes the appearance and consistency of the page numbering a great convenience. Make sure the page-number is always an inch from the right-hand edge of the paper (flush with the right-hand margin of your text) and that there is a double-space between the page number and the top line of text. Do not use the abbreviation p. or any other mark before the page number.

Databases

DatabaseURL

(For database links > go to Plainedge website >Staff Info > Plainedge School District Libraries > Databases)

Type of Information

SIRShttp://sks.sirs.com username - NY0062Hpassword - 22657

Articles on debatable topics with pro/con &

questions for each issue(controversial topics)

Opposing Viewpoints

(Novel)

http://galesupport.com/novelGeo/novelGeoLink.php?loc=nysl_li_plainhs&db=OVIC**you can listen to articles on this database

Covers many hot topics & social issues – includes topic overview, pro/con views, academic articles,

and more

CQ Researcherhttp://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcherusername – plainedge101password – cqel

Reports on leading issues (20-30 pages)

Facts on Filehttp://www.facts.comIssues & Controversies / Today’s Sciencelogin – plainedgepassword - L1brary

Mini reports (4-5 pages) & articles

NewsBankhttp://infoweb.newsbank.comusername – 6433password – 6433

Newspaper articles(from the U.S. & world)

JSTOR

http://www.jstor.org/token/tn4MyknIsk7AYXEag8ta/plainedgehs.org (first link – use this link to register & create login & password) -----------------------------------------------------------------http://www.jstor.org/ (second link – use this link after you register)

Scholarly articles JSTOR

Infotrachttp://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/plainedgehsusername – plainedgehspassword – plainedge

Articles

Gale

(Novel)

infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/nysl_li_plainhslogin (if prompted) - nysl_li_plainhspassword - empirelink

Articles

ProQuest

(Novel)

http://proquest.umi.com/loginlogin - 4JM3RR6X2Fpassword - welcome

Articles – Novel database

World Bookhttp://www.worldbookonline.comusername – plainedgehspassword - plainedge

Online encyclopedia

Grolier

(Novel)

http://go.grolier.comlogin from home - nystate831password from home - novelhome

Encyclopedia, articles, video

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PLAINEDGE PUBLIC LIBRARYACCESSING LIBRARY-RELATED DATABASES FROM HOME OR SCHOOL

Plainedge Public Library cardholders in good standing who have Internet access through any service provider can use the following databases online:

Ebsco/Ebsco Espanol: Search for general magazine and newspaper articles. Contains full text and/or abstracts.

Facts On File: Search for articles on current events.

Reference USA: Search for people and companies (Your password is the barcode on the reverse-side of your library card.)

SIRS (Social Issues Resource Series) (Your customer # is NY0211H and Password is 11758) A general reference database containing thousands of full-text articles on social issues, such as Family, Health, Human Relations, etc.

Grolier Online: Search the world’s most respected online encyclopedia and reference sources.

Grovemusic.com: Search for information on all aspects of music.

Groveart.com: Search for information on all aspects of art.

Learn-A-Test.com: Your leading source for interactive practice exams and test preparation materials including academic, civil service and other assorted exams. Site also includes educational courses.

Heritage Quest: Search the most comprehensive collection of genealogical information available anywhere.

Here’s how to do it:

Start your web browser and type in the address field:http://www.plainedgeinfo.org/live/ then press enter.

Under databases, click on “Adult/Young Adult” Choose a database category At “Enter network password”, enter “Public” at “User Name” and first 5 digits of your library card number in

“Password” box. Select database of your choice.

If you have a public library card you can borrow materials from any library in Nassau County, through Interlibrary Loan.To search the Nassau County Library System for books or others materials go to: www.alisweb.orgThe advanced search tab allows you to limit your search to a particular library or type of information.

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Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words(http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_paraphr.html)A paraphrase is...

your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form.

one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because...

it helps you control the temptation to quote too much. the mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the

original. Steps to Effective Paraphrasing

1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.

SampleThe original passage:

Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

A legitimate paraphrase:

In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

A plagiarized version:

Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.

Parenthetical Citation Cheat SheetNarration

Article with an author “The signs of a deadly struggle remain: Scattered around the houses of the Ebola dead lie empty pill packages, their plastic casings punched through” (Nossiter).

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Article without an author “With two candidates from different factions running to lead the baseball league, a third may emerge as a compromise” (“Vote for…”).

Print source “He can tell that he has hit a nerve” (Williams 77).

Already Quoted in the Source

Article with an author “’To my embarrassed relief, the violence was taken off-screen, when prey and predators suddenly dashed up a hill and into obscuring bushes ‘” (Angier).

Article without an author “’The chances of rallying Iraqis against this threat will be greater with a new government’” (“Iraq Needs…”).

Print source “‘...you left! I stayed and struggled! You came to New Orleans and looked out for yourself. I stayed at Belle Reve and tried to hold it together’” (Williams 25).

A Mixture of Narration and Quoted Material

Article with an author “Teachout testified that the tax filings were ‘clearly a mistake’" (Figueroa).

Article without an author “’It was so sudden and he was such a great guy and it's such a loss to the whole community,’ said Daniel Jennings who lived across the street from Williams in the quiet neighborhood where the actor was often seen riding his bike and stopping to talk to neighbors” (“Robin Williams...”).

Print source “She enters the bedroom with the drinks and the candle. ‘Sit down! Why don’t you

take off your coat and loosen your collar?’” (Williams 88).

**PLEASE NOTE: When you cite in your paper, you only have to use the first two words of the article title (unless you have two articles with the same first two words; then, you use as many as will differentiate between the two), BUT you must remember to

use the entire title in your works cited page.**

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A Sample Works Cited Page

American Allergy Association. Allergies in Children. New York: Random, 1998. Print.

“How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow.com. eHow, n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2014. <www.ehow.com>.

Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. “Nature's Rotary Electromotors.” Science 29 Apr. 2005: 642-44.

SIRS Researcher. Web. 5 Mar. 2009. <sks.sirs.com>.

Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.” Historical Journal 50.1

(2007): 173-96. ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009. <www.proquest.com>.

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MLA Works Cited Courtesy of: http://owl.english.purdue.edu

Alphabetize each entry by first letter Put quotation marks around the titles of poems, short stories, and articles Indent the 2nd line, the 3rd line, and all subsequent lines of each citation

Double-space all entries … the examples which follow are single-spaced only to save room on this handout

Type of Citation Correct Citation

Article – newspaper signed(author)

Cite a newspaper article as you would a magazine article, but note the different pagination in a newspaper. If there is more than one edition available for that date (as in an early and late edition of a newspaper), identify the edition following the date (e.g., 17 May 1987, late ed.).

Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured Patients." Washington Post 24 May 2007: LZ01. Print.

If the newspaper is a less well-known or local publication, include the city name and state in brackets after the title of the newspaper.

Behre, Robert. "Presidential Hopefuls Get Final Crack at Core of S.C. Democrats." Post and Courier [Charleston, SC] 29 Apr. 2007: A11. Print.

Article – newspaper unsigned (no author)

Cite the article title first, and finish the citation as you would any other for that kind of periodical.

"Aging; Women Expect to Care for Aging Parents but Seldom Prepare." Washington Post 10 May 2007: 18. Print.

Article – scholarly journal (online)

MLA requires a page range for articles that appear in Scholarly Journals. If the journal you are citing appears exclusively in an online format (i.e. there is no corresponding print publication) that does not make use of page numbers, use the abbreviation n. pag. to denote that there is no pagination for the publication.

Dolby, Nadine. “Research in Youth Culture and Policy: Current Conditions and Future Directions.” Social Work and Society: The International Online-Only Journal 6.2 (2008): n. pag. Web. 20 May 2009. <urladdress>.

Cite articles in online scholarly journals that also appear in print as you would a scholarly journal in print, including the page range of the article. Provide the medium of publication that you used (in this case, Web) and the date of access.

Wheelis, Mark. "Investigating Disease Outbreaks Under a Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention." Emerging Infectious Diseases 6.6 (2000): 595-600. Web. 8 Feb. 2009. <urladdress>.

Article – web magazine

Provide the author name, article name in quotation marks, title of the Web magazine in italics, publisher name, publication date, medium of publication, the date of access, and the URL address. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if not publishing date is given.

Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009. <urladdress>.

Book – no author

List by title of the book. Incorporate these entries alphabetically just as you would with works that include an author name.

Encyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset, 1993. Print.

Book – one author

Gl Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.

Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print.

Book – one editor

Cite the book as you normally would, but add the editor after the title.

Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Margaret Smith. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998. Print.

Book – single work from an Last name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection. Ed. Editor's Name(s). Place of Publication: Publisher,

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anthology

Year. Page range of entry. Medium of Publication.

Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers." A Tutor's Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. 24-34. Print.

Book – three or more authors

If there are more than three authors, you may choose to list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for "and others") in place of the subsequent authors' names, or you may list all the authors in the order in which their names appear on the title page. (Note that there is a period after “al” in “et al.” Also note that there is never a period after the “et” in “et al.”).

Wysocki, Anne Frances, et al. Writing New Media: Theory and Applications for Expanding the Teaching of Composition. Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2004. Print.

Book – three or more editors

Cite the book as you normally would, but add the editors after the title.

Carlson, David et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Animal Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1985. Print.

Book – two authors

The first given name appears in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in first name last name format.

Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print.

Book – two editors

Cite the book as you normally would, but add the editors after the title.

Lockhard, David J. and Charles Heimler, eds. The Oregon Trail. New York: Bonanza Books, 1992. Print.

Book – two or more by the same author

List works alphabetically by title. (Remember to ignore articles like A, An, and The.) Provide the author’s name in last name, first name format for the first entry only. For each subsequent entry by the same author, use three hyphens and a period.

Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Print.

---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Print.

Database

Cite articles from online databases (e.g. LexisNexis, ProQuest, JSTOR, Science Direct) and other subscription services just as you would print sources. Since these articles usually come from periodicals, be sure to consult the appropriate sections of the Works Cited: Periodicals page, which you can access via its link at the bottom of this page. In addition to this information, provide the title of the database italicized, the medium of publication, and the date of access.

Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. “Nature's Rotary Electromotors.” Science 29 Apr. 2005: 642-44. SIRS Researcher. Web. 5 Mar. 2009. <sks.sirs.com>.

Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.” Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): 173-96. ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009. <www.proquest.com>.

Government Publication

Cite the author of the publication if the author is identified. Otherwise, start with the name of the national government, followed by the agency (including any subdivisions or agencies) that serves as the organizational author. For congressional documents, be sure to include the number of the Congress and the session when the hearing was held or resolution passed. US government documents are typically published by the Government Printing Office, which MLA abbreviates as GPO.

United States. Cong. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hearing on the Geopolitics of Oil. 110th Cong., 1st sess. Washington: GPO, 2007. Print.

United States. Government Accountability Office. Climate Change: EPA and DOE Should Do More to Encourage Progress Under Two Voluntary Programs. Washington: GPO, 2006. Print.

Multivolume Work – citing one volume

When citing only one volume of a multivolume work, include the volume number after the work's title, or after the work's editor or translator.

Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers." A Tutor's Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. 24-34. Print.

Multivolume Work – When citing more than one volume of a multivolume work, cite the total number of volumes in the work.

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multiple volumes Quintilian. Institutio Oratoria. Trans. H. E. Butler. 4 vols. Cambridge: Loeb-Harvard UP, 1980. Print.

Pamphlet

Cite the title and publication information for the pamphlet just as you would a book without an author. Pamphlets and promotional materials commonly feature corporate authors (commissions, committees, or other groups that does not provide individual group member names). If the pamphlet you are citing has no author, cite as directed below. If your pamphlet has an author or a corporate author, put the name of the author (last name, first name format) or corporate author in the place where the author name typically appears at the beginning of the entry.

Women's Health: Problems of the Digestive System. Washington: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2006. Print.

Your Rights Under California Welfare Programs. Sacramento, CA: California Dept. of Social Services, 2007. Print.

Web Site – entire

Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. <URL>.

Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006. <www.purdue.edu>.

Web Site – page

For an individual page on a Web site, list the author or alias if known, followed by the information covered above for entire Web sites. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.

"How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow.com. eHow, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009. <www.ehow.com>.

Weedmark, David. “How to Clean Under the Hood of Your Computer.” eHow.com. eHow, n.d. Web. 11 Aug. 2014. <www.ehow.com>.

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