Dr. Richard Dixon

New impulses for sensing in automotive

Senior Principal Analyst, MEMS & Sensors

Agenda

• Automotive MEMS & Sensor Market Overview

• New impulses

Automated driving

Electrification

• Trends

• Conclusions

Market overview

Big changes underway in passenger car market

• Way we consider transportation is changing Ownership vs. sharing vs. rental

• Awareness of environment City bans planned for diesel engines in Paris, Madrid,

Stuttgart…. no ICEs in the UK from 2040!

• Type of car we own Hybrid, electric, fuel cell…..

• Way we interact with automated passenger cars A new “space” in which to work, be entertained,

consume…..

Automotive MEMS & Sensor Market

• Chip value = $42 per car in 2010

• $61 per car in 2022

ADAS and electrification drive automotive sensor economy

• Chip value = $42 per car in 2010

• $61 per car in 2022

• Advanced Driver Assist boosts market

BRIC countries drive growth outside of ADAS

• IHS currently revising its forecast upward for China and India

New impulses: automated driving

MEMS & sensors for autonomous driving

Automation level

System capability

Driving environment

Fall back position

Evolution of established sensing

New sensing

Only driver assistance

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5

Some driving modes

Partial Automation

Conditional Automation

High Automation Full Automation

Some driving modes

Some driving modes

Some driving modes

All driving modes

Human Driver Human Driver System System System

Human Driver Human Driver Human Driver System System

Fail-safe Fail-operational

Radar: from 1D to 2D detection

Camera: towards higher resolution (Up to 7MP); increasing frame rate (30 to 60 frames/sec)

Infrared Camera: essential for driver monitoring in L3

Ultrasonic: No big change

Lidar: from macro-mechanical to solid-state

High-performance IMU: Dead reckoning sensors for L4 and L5

Adaptive Lighting: based on MEMS scanners and/or DLP

LIDAR: a technology fight

• Valeo/Ibeo • Ibeo • Velodyne • Quanergy

Mechanical Scanning LIDAR

System Suppliers: • Continental • Continental (ASC) • Valeo • Invisage

Technologies • Strobe*

Solution suppliers: • LeddarCore • Phantom

Intelligence

Non scanning Flash LIDAR

• Quanergy • MIT + Darpa

• Microvision • Innoluce

(Infineon) • Innoviz

Technologies • Lemoptix (Intel) • Bosch • STMicro • …

VCSEL based: • Trilumina • Xenomatix

Electro-optic scanner: • Princeton

Lightwave

Optical Antenna: • OryxVision

Phase array LIDAR MEMS based

scanning LIDAR Other

Based on solid-state technology

Source: Innoluce Source: Quanergy

Source: Valeo/Ibeo

Source: Continental

Global positioning of point clouds for high resolution maps with LIDAR

Performance vs. Price for yaw sensor used in autonomous driving

LIDAR creates need for accurate dead reckoning

Specifications are key to pricing

• High precision inertial dead reckoning required for (L4 /L5 operation) Specifications either not known or closely guarded

• L4 dead reckoning requires 1-2 cm over 300m Today’s inertial automotive navigation gyroscopes

cost $5 and drift equivalent of 2-3 m over 300 m

• Tough combination of performance, price target $10-20? Will rely on sensor fusion to soften specs

Courtesy Volvo

Adaptive lighting: full beam all the time

Electronic content for lighting is increasing rapidly Adaptive lighting rather than night vision

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Source: Hella

Source: Bosch

Adaptive laser light based on MEMS

Source: IHS Automotive 2016

New impulses: electrification

Electric: a threat to MEMS & sensor industry?

• MEMS: $9 value / engine on average Eliminate 4 MEMS pressure sensors, flow sensor

• Silicon magnetic: $5 / engine • 6 – 10 position and speed sensors

• O2, NOx, PM: $35 / engine • From 7 sensors to 0

• Silicon magnetic: $1 -2 / traction motor on average (up to 2 motors)

• 3 – 6 position and current sensors for motor control

• Other silicon sensor: $5-10 (temp, humidity, pressure)

Electric motor: around $8 to

$12 for sensors

Internal combustion engine: around $50 for sensors

BMW i3

The good news: HEV will dominate

• HEV will dominate propulsion systems in 2030 43% Gasoline HEV

5% BEV

ROW still using combustion engines

• New sensors Position, current in

traction motor

Battery pressure, voltage, humidity…

Courtesy IHS Automotive

Best of both worlds: hybrid transmissions

1. Electrical motor

2. Control electronics

3. Two-speed gearbox (2 Hall for selection, 1 inductive PLCD sensor for input speed)

4. Output shaft

5. 3-cyl gasoline combustion engine

6. Output shaft

7. Six-speed automatic DCT with 4x position, 2x speed sensors, 1x Hall TRS position…BLDC gear change motor

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BMW i8, Courtesy BMW

+5-10 sensors

15-20 sensors

Trends

Trends: functional safety

• ISO26262 determines component risk classes More diagnostics, self check, health monitoring,

new communication interfaces (security?)

Redundancy for ASIL-D applications

• Affect magnetic not MEMS, i.e. steering, throttle, acceleration pedal position sensors Double / triple number of dies, either dual

packages but same package

Mixed technologies = higher ASIL ratings

• Sensors get more expensive!

Continental

Bosch

2 x angle, 2 x torque

2 x angle

2 x angle

BMW

Trends: technology shifts

• For safety critical applications of magnetic sensing, higher performance fosters technology changes

IHS Markit

Sensors have to cope with more extremes

• Internal fields from e-motors E-motors produce strong electrical

interference

Next generation sensors required to protect against 4000 A /m compared to previous 1000 A / m

• Wireless charging (2018) High power inductive charging heats

metal components

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• Engine environment gets hotter Aftertreatment packaged closer to

engine

Temperature requirements 150°C+

• Automotive IOT

• Sensors have to provide more data More security and protection

Capture filtered data but also raw data

Conclusions

• BRIC countries: mandates for conventional safety applications and emission control (harmonization of world legislation)

Markets price driven

How to meet cost targets while maintaining reliability? Die redundancy? Fail safe mode? …

• Established markets: autonomous driving

Not only about radar and camera. Opportunities for MEMS for LIDAR, inertial navigation and adaptive lighting in 2020-2030

Performance driven market

• MEMS & Sensor market healthy for next 10 years!

Thank you for your attention! richard.dixon@ihsmarkit.com