December 16th 2015 | Lisboa

Seminar: The Importance of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases

AGRICULTURE AND GREENHOUSE GASES POLICIES IN PORTUGAL

Clara Lopes GPP - Office of Planning and Policies and General Administration

II. Climate & Agriculture

I. Nacional Climate Strategy

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QEPiC - Strategic Framework for Climate Policy

Green Growth

Mitigation Adaptation

International commitment

Knowledge Communication

Monitoring Financing Governance

(RCM 56/2015) QEPiC Objectives

VISION

The development of a competitive, resilient and low-carbon economy by establishing a new development paradigm for Portugal in a Green Growth context.

GHG reduction targets for non-ETS sectors: • 2020: [-18% to -23%] • 2030: [-30% to -40%]

from of Green Growth's Commitment

compared to 2005 (= 0%) & without LULUCF effect

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QEPiC Governance (Air Policy connections)

SNIERPA - National System for the Inventory of Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks of Air Pollutants

CIAAC - Interministerial Committee of the Air and Climate Change Climate Change Air Quality

ESIF 2014-2020 & EAFG (Portugal 2020, LIFE+, H2020, …)

FPC - Portuguese Carbon Fund

ENAAC Coordination Group (reporting system )

PNAC 2020/2030 - National Climate Change Programme

CELE 2013-2020– Emissions Trading System (ETS)

ENAAC 2020 - National Adaptation Climate Change Strategy

RNBC 2050 - National Low Carbon Roadmap

ENAR 2020 - National Air Strategy

SPeM - National System of Policies and Measures and Projections

Mo

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CCV - Green Growth Commitment (RCM 28/2015)

(RCM 20/2015)

(RCM 56/2015)

(RCM 56/2015)

Mitigation – Kyoto’s 2nd period

Agriculture target

2020 2030

GHG -8% -11%

NIR 2014 (2012 data)

RNBC 2050 - Low Carbon Roadmap for Agriculture (& LULUCF), 2012 20%-37% GHG reductions − Structural readjustment of holdings − Improvements in efficiency and use of resources − Reduction of livestock effectives

compared to 1990 & without LULUCF

Sustainable trajectories

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Mitigation – Kyoto’s 1st period

sector % of total

emissions 2013 % change 1990- 2013

Agriculture 11 -6

NIR 2015, APA 2015

• Extensification of agricultural systems: − shift of 49% of "arable land“ (32% of the UAA in 2009) to permanent pastures → less fertilizers

and more sequestration of soil carbon

− reduction of permanent crops but with increases of productivity → reductions in emissions in cropland and grassland

• Increase of organic farms & changes on livestock farming.

• Sector more efficient on: − energy consumption (direct on farm)

− practices of soil improvement & erosion control → fixing organic matter

• Increase in removals by forest & others lands: – LULUCF sector became an overall net-sink in 2011

6ª NC UNFCCC, APA 2014

positive trend

Convergence of Portuguese and European low carbon scenarios

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Monitoring 1st period

NIR 2015 – 2015 GHG Inventory (2013 data)

Agriculture evolution

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Energy Efficiency: • changes in consumption

patterns • low use of alternative fuels

(biogas & biodiesel)

CO2, CH4, N2O

Stationary combustion

Mobile sources NIR 2015, APA 2015

GHG Agriculture – Energy / Agriculture & Forestry (1A4c)

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GHG Agriculture

Most significant emission sources: CH4: Enteric Fermentation (3A) &

Manure Management (3B) N2O: Agricultural Soils (3D)

NIR 2015, APA 2015

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GHG Agriculture - Enteric Fermentation (3A)

CH4

Most significant activities in 2013:

1. Cattle: 81,8% 2. Sheep: 13,7%

NIR 2015, APA 2015

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CH4

Direct

Indirect

Most significant activities in 2013: CH4:

1. Swine: 80,2% 2. Cattle: 11,3%

N2O: 1. Direct: Cattle (45,0%), Poultry (38,9%) 2. Indirect: Cattle (37,0%), Poultry (27,7%), Swine (25,2%)

N2O

GHG Agriculture - Manure Management (3B)

NIR 2015, APA 2015

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N2O

Direct Indirect

Most significant activities in 2013: Direct:

1. Grazing (40,0%) 2. Synthetic Fertilizers (32,6%)

Indirect:

1. Synthetic Fertilizers Leaching (29,1%) 2. Grazing Leaching (19,7%)

GHG Agriculture - Agricultural Soils (3D)

NIR 2015, APA 2015

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NH3

Airs Pollutants Agriculture - Manure Management (3B) & Agricultural Soils (3D)

IIR 2015, APA 2015

ENAR 2015, APA 2015

PT target (NEC neg.) 2020 2030

NH3 -7% -14%

IIR 2014 (2012 data)

Most significant activities in 2013: 1. Inorganic N-Fertilizers: 24,2% 2. Cattle: 22,2% 3. Poultry: 17,0%

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Mitigation – Kyoto’s 2nd period

(RCM 56/2015)

RD&I

Sectoral Initiatives

Transports & Mobility

Buildings (services & residential)

Industry

LULUCF

Agriculture & Livestock

Wastes & Wastewater

Knowdlege, information and awareness

Green taxation

Integrated Intervention

Areas Sustainables Cities

Public Administration

PNAC 2020/2030 – P & M

Actions Objectives

Ag

ricu

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Manure Management

reduce carbon intensity of livestock effluents treatment

Fertilizers reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers

Energy Consumptions Management

increase of efficiency in energy consumption and use of renewable energy

LULU

CF

… …

Soil reduce emissions and increase the sequestration of soil

… …

To start

Supported by : • Rural Development Programmes (PDRs) • Op. Prog. Sust. & Ef. Use of Res. (POSEUR)

Mitigation – NEC Directive (Gothenburg Protocol)

(DL 193/2003) ENAR – strategic actions vectors

Measures Actions

Ag

ricu

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minimizing ammonia emissions

promotion and implementation of the code of good agricultural practices (Annex IX, CLRTAP)

To start

Knowledge & Information

•monitor emerging pollutants

•harmonize inventories

•scattered information

•ecosystems (critical loads )

Sectoral Initiatives

•prevention and control measures

•sustainable development strategies

R&D

•quantification (and costs) in health

• integrated assessment (tools and methods)

•sectoral emissions (background information)

•state of art & implementation (propesctive)

Governance

•articulation in Public Administration (planning and management)

• integration of Air Policy (transversal policies and territorial scales)

•strategy of medium/long-term

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Adaptation on Agriculture : Phase 1

Objective: safeguarding the capacity of agricultural areas provide goods and services that contribute to the sustainable development, reducing CC vulnerabilities.

Agriculture Forestry

Irrigation capacity (water availability) Fire (meteorologic risk increase)

Soil fertility (erosion prevention) Harmful biotic agents (favorable conditions )

Risk management (extreme events /climate variability) Potential productivity (decrease)

Adequacy of plant systems and animal health (harmful organisms)

Carbon sequestration capacity (decrease)

Adaptability of animals and plants (climate conditions)

Vulnerabilities

ENAAC Agriculture, MAMAOT 2013

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Adaptation – ENAAC 2020

(RCM 56/2015)

Started

1. Knowledge 2. Measures 3. Adaptation

into sectoral policies

ENAAC – objectives & priorities

Agriculture

Economy

Energy

Forestry

Health

Safety - p&g

Transp./Comm.

Coastal areas

Biodiversity

R&

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Inte

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Scientific Panel

ENAAC Coord. Group

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Supported by PDRs & POSEUR

Sectoral Groups

Strategic Objetives

Ag

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Increase resilience, reduce risk and maintain the production capacity of goods and services

Enhance and transfer knowledge

Monitor and evaluate

Ad

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Co

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QEPiC interactions (RCM 56/2015)

Instruments Mitigation Adap. Int. Monitoring Financing Gov.

PNAC CELE RNBC ENAAC - SNIERPA SPeM GC ENAAC FPC PT2020 Other CCIAC

Low carbon transition

GG ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Sustainable path

GHG ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Resilience & capacities

Adapt ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Commitments Partic ○ ○ ○ ○

Knowledge R&In ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Society Partic ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Information systems

Effect ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Financing & Investment

Effect ○ ○ ○

Mainstream integration

Effect ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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Priorities for the application in Portugal

• Modernization: Investment, processing, irrigation

• Supply's concentration

• Risk’s management

• Rejuvenating of sector

• Efficient use of resources (water, soil, energy)

• Viability of traditional systems

Financing for Agriculture & CC

CAP 2014-2020: Rural Development Programmes

Others financial sources

QEPiC context (FPC, Portugal 2020, others) H2020 projects (SC 2 – bioeconomy, SC5 – climate, others)

− ENEI - Portuguese Strategy for Smart Specialisation

− Estratégia MAM - Strategy for Research and Innovation Agri-food and Forestry

− ENF - National Strategy for Forest

− ENCNB - National Strategy for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity

− PANDC - National Action Plan to Combat Desertification

− PNA - National Water Plan, including:

• ENEAPAI - National Strategy for Livestock and Agro Industrial Effluents

• PENSAAR 2020 - Strategy for Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Wastewater

• ENR - National Irrigation Strategy

• PNUEA - National Programme for the Efficient Use of Water

− PNAEE 2016 - National Strategy for Energy Efficiency

− PNAER 2020 - National Strategy for Renewable Energies

− PERSU 2020 - Strategic Plan for Urban Waste

− …

Other policy instruments with Ag/CC actions (some of…)

CCV - Commitment to Green Growth

− REAP - licensing scheme for the exercise of livestock farming

− …

?

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Obrigada!

clara.lopes@gpp.pt

NIR 2015 (1990 – 2013) , APA November 2015

RCM 56/2015, July 30

RCM 28/2015, April 30

RCM 20/2015, April 14

IIR 2015 (1990 – 2013) , APA March 2015

ENAR 2020, APA March 2015

6ª NC UNFCCC, APA 2014

ENAAC Agriculture, MAMAOT 2013

RNBC Agriculture, AGROGES 2012

References