Upload
abacusdotcom2964
View
12
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
BI
Citation preview
How to prepare and present atechnical presentation
Randy Clarksean, Ph.D., P.E.
Overview
Why is it important to give a clear, concise presentation?What are the major sections?How should I prepare my slides?Any suggestions on how to present?Is there anything I should do when it is finished?Summary
Consistent Structure
Clear and Concise
This may be the only chance you get to tell people about your research– If you are not excited by your work, they won’t be
either– Know your material well!
Many job interviews (Ph.D.) require a technical presentationOral communications are important in ALL job settings!
Major Sections
Overview / Introduction– Tell the listener what you will present
BackgroundNumerical or Experimental Method– Software development or commercial code?
Discussion of ResultsSummary
Like this page!
Overview / Introduction
Very general overview of the talkOutline – Start out general (broad)– More specific (narrow focus)– General at the end (broad)– Consistency in “structure”
Quick, brief, and to the point
“Hourglass shape”
Title: Not as consistent with the outline as I would like!
Background
What practical application does your research relate to?Who else has performed research in this area?How does your work relate to previous research?Why is the research important?– Set the stage for problem you are analyzing
Numerical/Experimental Method
How did you set up the problem?– Boundary conditions, symmetry sections,
special material properties, initial conditions, governing equations
– Emphasize unique characteristics• What is different or new for this research?• DO NOT go into extensive detail for Navier-Stokes
equations – unless formulation is unique
Verification/validation possibly mentioned here
Num./Exp. Method – cont.
Software development– Emphasize what is new/unique– Skip things people already know– Detailed equations may be necessary
• Use drawings/figures whenever possible
Commercial software– Emphasis should be on the problem being solved (not
always true)– May need to comment on special subroutines
Governing Equations – cont.
2( ) ( )ou u u p u g T Tt
;u vu ux y
Convective“Transport”
Viscous Buoyancy Force
Momentum Equation – Natural Convection
Pressure Gradient
Transient
This slide has too much detail for most typical
presentations.
EXAMPLE SLIDE
Governing Equations – cont.
2( )u u u p u gt
2p p Source
TC C u T k T Qt
2p Source
TC k T Qt
Fluid
Solid
Additional details on another slide for BCs and ICs
EXAMPLE SLIDE
Discussion of Results
Verification or validation of the method you used? (experimental or numerical)– Brief discussion to demonstrate validity– Previous experience, test problems, etc.
What were the most important things you learned?What assumptions were used?
Discussion of Results – cont.
Clean, crisp graphs and charts (see section on Preparing slides)Use of color– Do not try to wow your audience with fancy
footage if it does not make sense– Significant results will stand on their own, even
if black and white– “10 percent red” theory
Analyzing the Results – cont.
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 10 100 1000
y+
u+
k-w modelExp. Data
Comparison between measured low-Re pipe flow data and the numerical predictions of FIDAP's k-omega model at a Re = 3500. Experimental data obtained by D. McEligot
and G. McCreery at the INEEL.
In le t O u tle t
EXAMPLE SLIDE
What is missing?
Geometry Issues – cont.Numerical – Particle Visualization
Experimental – Particle Visualization
EXAMPLE SLIDE
3D Results difficult to present and explain
Summary
Recap of the talkNO new information should be presented in the summary of the talkTwo different types– General (broad conclusions)– Detailed (specific numbers, percentages, etc.)
Future work could be mentioned here– Possibly a separate slide if appropriate
Preparing Slides
Clear and simple– Leave fancy, slick, and complicated to those
that have nothing to say!Do not clutter the slidesToo much “technology” can be annoyingEach slide should take 1 to 1 ½ minutes of time to present– A recommendation – not a hard and fast rule
Preparing Slides – cont.
Ask yourself “What information do I want the listener to learn from this slide?”– Particularly important for Discussion of Results– Bullets should list important concepts– Pictures, plots, and drawings are extremely
useful to convey a lot of information in small spaces
Preparing Slides – cont.
Consider your audience!– What is their knowledge level?– What is their interest level?
Items on slides should be readable by the audience.– Is there too much information?
• If they can not read it – you don’t need it.• Exception: You want it to be in a handout.
Preparing Slides – cont.
Governing equations– Most people know the equations, only comment
if there is something unique– Highlight issues of importance (i.e. phase
change, special turbulence model, etc.)– Tensor notation versus full form
• Summarizing research versus teaching– Commercial code versus in-house code
Preparing Slides – cont.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Time (secs)
Tem
pera
ture
(o C
)
Sample Temp. 1Sample Temp. 2Air Temp.
What is wrong with this figure?
Just about everything!
EXAMPLE SLIDE
Preparing Slides – cont.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Time (secs)
Tem
pera
ture
(o C
)
Sample Temp. 1Sample Temp. 2Air Temp.
Key components for a graph
• labels• legend• units
Test Conditions?
EXAMPLE SLIDE
Preparing Slides – cont.
H e a tC o n du ct io n
U r ani umC yl i nde r
L am i narF l o w
P r o fi l e
O utfl o w
T = f(t)
Sur fac eR e ac t i o n
z
r
R a dia t io n H .T.
No s lip
No s lipcy lin de rs u rfa ce
C = c o ns tant
S lip
1
2
EXAMPLE SLIDE
Draw attention to items of importance (also reminds you to talk about important issues!)
Presenting
Arrive early to check out the room and equipment– Is there a pointer?– Is there a microphone?– Who is the session chair?– Where will you stand?
Make sure they can see the slidesTalk to the audience – not the the wall!
Presenting – cont.
Speak clearly and loudly– Nothing worse than not being able to hear a
presenter– Do not race – take your time and do a good job
rather than trying to cover too much
Make eye contact– Are they “getting” it?
• Do they look lost and confused … or interested?
Presenting – cont.
Try to use transitions between slides– Makes for “smoother” presentation– Saves some time– Keep audience interested
A pointer is not a toy – it is a tool.– Waving it around is ANNOYING!– Shut it off when not using
Do NOT run over your allotted time!
Presenting – cont.
Answering questions– Be friendly and polite – not confrontational– Be willing to admit limitations or shortcomings
of the research• Know the intent of your research• Are their questions beyond the scope of your work?
– Acknowledge that they have a good question and/or a good point
At the End
Acknowledgement of research sponsor– Very important, particularly if they are in the
audience!Were you able to answer all the questions you were asked?Did someone point out a weakness or limitation in your research?Go back and consider their comments
Summary
Talked about how to prepare for a technical presentationWhat should you remember?– Clear and concise– Clean crisp slides– Practice in advance– Stay within the time limit– Be friendly and make eye contact