Seminar on Biotechnology

8/14/2019 Seminar on Biotechnology

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BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS

APPLICATION IN TEXTILE

INDUSTRY

PRESENTED BY:-

SONUKA AGARWAL

FINAL B.SC. (T.C.)


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INTRODUCTION

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Application of scientific andengineering principles

To the processing ofmaterials

By biological agents

To provide novel goods and

services.


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APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGYIN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Enhancement in the quality and properties

of natural fibres with development of novelfibres and polymers

Novel uses of enzymes in textileprocessing and finishing

Waste management


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Enhancement in the quality andproperties of natural fibres withdevelopment of novel fibres and polymers

A. Transgenic cottonResearch on the cotton plant is being aimedtowards two main goals: -

i) Improved insect, disease and herbicideresistance leading to improved qualityii) Modification of fibre properties andperformance such as improved strength,length,appearance etc.


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Monsanto scientist

obtained a toxin genefrom soil bacteriumcalled Bt (BacillusThuringiensis) andinserted it into cotton

plant

Toxin kills thecaterpillar by paralyzingtheir guts

Improved insect, disease andherbicide resistance


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Pink bollworm


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Bollworm


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Cabbage looperCotton leaf perforator

Soyabean looper


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White fliesYellow-stripedArmy worm


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i. Modification of fibre properties andperformance

Production of coloured cottons by conventionalgenetic selection and by direct DNA engineering

Production of cotton containing naturalpolyester, such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB),inside the hollow core,creating a naturalpolyester/cotton fibre


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Wool

Improved production and wool quality by

careful selection of rams

Use of genetic engineering to modify thegenetic makeup of animals to provide them

with specific properties


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A. Novel fibres

Production of highly specific polymers and newmaterials using recombinant DNA technology

and genetic engineering techniques representthe textile of future

i. Spider Silk

Dragline silk is the thread spiders useto make their webs and the thread fromwhich they hang

It is one of the toughest materialsknown to date


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It is at least fivetimes as strong assteel, twice as elasticas nylon, waterproofand stretchable

Spider silk shown in normalsize, stretched 5 times and 20

times its original length

It is environmentalfriendly


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The dragline silk of Nephila Clavipes hasattracted the most scientist attention.


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Research is on for production of spider silkin laboratory by inserting specific gene intobacteria (E.coli)

Another approach is being tried out toproduce spider silk in the milk of transgenicgoats


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i. Other new fibre sources

Chitins and Chitosans

They form strong fibres

Found in shells of crustaceans

Fabrics woven from them are

antimicrobial and serve as wound dressing


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I. Novel uses of enzymes in textileprocessing and finishing

Enzymes are protein molecule, which catalyzespecific biochemical reactions.

Characteristics of enzymes are:-

Enzymes can work at normal atmosphericpressure and in mild condition of

temperature and pH Enzymes can bring about hydrolysis,oxidation, reduction, coagulation anddecomposition

Enzymes are specific in their action


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The various enzymes used for different

textile processes are:-

Amylase - used in desizing process

Pectinase used in scouring process

Laccases used to remove unfixeddyestuff

Cellulase used for stone washingof denim garments and removal ofprotruding fibres from surface


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Denim washing / Bio-washing

It is the removal of surface dyes and fibresto give the garment a used appearance

The enzyme used for denim washing is neutralstable cellulase

Based on their pH cellulases can be acid orneutral

Acid cellulase is highly active and requiresshort time , but may lead to back staining

Neutral cellulase requires a longer wash timebut the problem of back staining is almost nil


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Waste management

Biotechnological techniques are being employed forthe elimination of toxic wastes from textile effluents

A. Fungi for discolouration Azo dyes do not occur in nature and are resistantto aerobic degradation

White rot fungus (P. chrysosporium) is the only

known organism that can completely degrade anumber of Azo dyes

Laccase produced by P.chrysosporium oxidizes thephenolic azo dyes


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Biotechnology has led to development of newproducts, speeded up production and helpedreduce the pollution load. However the currentawareness of biotechnology is less. But due toits outstanding benefits it can be predictedthat in the long term, more polluting chemicalprocedures will be substituted or supported by

biotechnolo ical rocesses.


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REFERENCES

GHOSE K T, BIOCONVERSION OF CELLULOSICSUBSTANCES INTO CHEMICALS ANDMICROBIAL PROTIEN, AROON PURIEATTHOMSON PRESS LIMITED, FARIDABAD,

HARYANA, EDITION (1978), PG NO-34,35,111,112,113.

PAULO-CAVACO A, GUEBITZ G M, TEXTILEPROCESSING WITH ENZYMES, WOODHEADPUBLISHING LIMITED, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND,

EDITION (2003), PG NO 90, 91, 92.

SSING CHEMICALS, RECENT ADVANCES INTEXTILE PROCESSING, INDIAN CHEMICALMANUFACTURES ASSOCIATION, BOMBAYREGIONAL OFFICE, EDITION (1982), PG NO 2,3,4.


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AJGONKAR B J, APPLICATION OF CELLULASEENZYMES ON INDIGO DYED DENIMGARMENTS PROS AND CONS, COLOURAGE,JANUARY 1995, PG NO 35-39

DR. THILAGAVTHI G, PAJENDRA KUMAR K,

BIO-FINISHING OF COTTON FABRICS BYCELLUASE ENZYMES, THE INDIAN TEXTILEJOURNAL, VOL.115, JAN 2005,PG NO 38,39

GUPTA DEEPTI, BIOTECHNOLOGYAPPLICATION IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY, INDIAN

JOURNAL OF FIBRE AND TEXTILE RESEARCH,VOL.26, MARCH-JUNE 2001, PG NO 206-213

MANICKAM MUTHU M, PRASAD GANESH J,APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY INTEXTILES, COLOURAGE, VOL.52, OCTOBER

2005, PG NO 41-45


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1. PAI ROSAN, KAHNDUAL ASIMANANDA,APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY INTEXTILE INDUSTRY, THE INDIAN TEXTILEJOURNAL, VOL-113, APRIL 2003, PG NO 23-28

Websites:-

http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2005-10/1129915719.Ch.r.htm

http://fungus.org.uk/cv/impctcv.htm

http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jul102000/general%20articles1.pdf

http://www.davidrigbyassociates.co.uk/DRA%20WEBSITE%2003/assets/Biotechnology.pdf


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http://www.bharattextile.com

http://www.msstate.edu/dept/drec/cotton/cotton_research_updates/fall_2005/robbins_tpb_sb_transgenic_cotton.htm

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Seminar on Biotechnology