Seminar Grade 9 p6- LATEST

8/10/2019 Seminar Grade 9 p6- LATEST

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MODULE 4

Electricity and

Magnetism

Division Training of Grade 9 TeachersTeaching Physics in Grade 9 Science

July 31, 2014

Nueva Ecija High School


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What is Electricity?

Electricity is energytransported by

the motion of electrons

**We do not make electricity, weCONVERT other energy sources into

electrical energy**

Conversion is the name of the game


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MODULE 4 ACTIVITY 1ITS MORE POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES

Identify the location of

some power plants inthe Philippines map.

Determine the region inwhich the power plantbelongs.


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RENEWABLE Hydroelectric

Pantabangan - Hydroelectric PowerPlant(112MW) Region III
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_plants_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_plants_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_plants_in_the_Philippines


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GEOTHERMALTiwi Geothermal Power Plant,

Albay(275MW) Region VLeyte Geothermal Production Field,Ormoc Leyte(700MW)


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SOLARSaCaSol I , Negros

Occidental(22MW)


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WIND POWER PLANT

Bangui Wind FarmIlocos(24.75MW)

Burgos Windmill, Ilocos(87MW)underconstruction


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NON-RENEWABLE- COAL

Calaca Coal Power Plant, Batangas (650MW) Region IV-ASual, Pangasinan (1294MW) Region I


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DIESEL

Bohol Diesel Power Plant(11MW) Region - VIIPanay Diesel Power Plant(74.9MW) Region VI


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Activity 2-Tracing Power

Trace the path of electricity from the

generating station, transmission stationand residential areas.

Differentiate between a step-up

transformer and a step down transformerIdentify specific areas where step-up

transformer and step down transformer

are utilized


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Generation and Transmission of

Electricity to Household Consumption


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Generation and Transmission of

Electricity to Household Consumption


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1. Steam is generated at the electricity

plant by the burning of fossil fuels- or ata nuclear or hydroelectric plant.


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2. The steam powers a turbine w/c spins a

huge magnet inside a copper wire. Heatenergy converts to M.E. which then

converts to E.E. in the generator


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Generator- a machine that converts

mechanical energy into electricalenergy


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3. Electricity flows from the power plant

through wires to the step up transformer.

The transformer raises the voltage so it cantravel long distance- it is raised to as high as

756,000 volts

Step-up

transformer

increases thevoltage


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4. The electric current then runs through

the power lines to the substation

transformer where voltage is lowered tobetween 2000 and 13,000 volts


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5. Electricity is taken through the lines to a

pole transformer- or a transformer box if

underground-and voltage is lowered again to120 or 220 or 240 volts


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6. From there electricity comes into your

home through the service box, where your

meter is located to measure how much youuse. Wires take electricity around your

home, powering your lights and all your

other electrical appliances


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Electrical Cost


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How is the cost of electrical

energy consumption computed? Formulas to be

considered:

P = IV where;

P= power (Watts)I = current(Amperes)

V= voltage (Volts)

E = P t where;

E =energy used (kwh)

P =power (Watts)

t =time (seconds)


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The amount of energy consumed in 1

month is obtained by subtracting thelast months reading from the total

as read from an electric meter.


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Sample Problem # 1

All the computers in the ICT room are in usefor 5 hours everyday and dissipate 8.3 Kw.How much energy is used in a day?

Given: P = 8.3 Kwt = 5 hours

Find : Energy used

E = Pt

= ( 8.3 Kw ) ( 5 hrs )

E = 41.5 kWh


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Sample Problem # 2

How much does it cost to operate a 400 Wtelevision for 8 hours if electrical energy costs6.88 pesos per kWh ( which includes both the

generation and transmission charges)

Given: P = 0.400 kWt = 8 hours

Find : cost tooperate

E = Pt= ( 0.400Kw ) ( 8 hrs )

E = 3.2 kWh

Cost = (3.2kWh) (6.88pesos/kWh

Cost = 22.02 pesos


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Example rice cooker 1 liter

E = P x T

= 450watts x 1.5 hrs/dayConvert 450W to kW

Since 1kW = 1,000W

P= 450W x 1 kW/1000W = 0.45kW

T = 1.5hrs/day x 30days/month = 45hrs/monthE= P x T

E = (0.45kW) ( 45Hrs)

E= 20.25 kWh/month


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Activity on Electrical Consumption

1. An electric fan that draws4.5 A current is connectedto a 220-V source, howmuch power does itproduce?

2. If a 100-W light bulb isused for 8 hours each day

for 20 days in a month.What will be the cost of theconsumed energy?

( 5 pesos /kWh )

ANSWERS:

1. P=IV

= 900 Watts/0.9 kW

2. 16 kWh( P5)

= 80 pesos


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Sample Billing Info of a certain

company:

Bill Date : 29Oct-2010

Billing Period : 29Sept-2010 to 29Oct-2010

Due Date : 07Nov -2010

Total kWh : 419

Total CurrentAmount : P 4, 321.35

Source: http://www.meralco.com.ph


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Billing SummaryBILL SUBGROUP SUBTOTAL PERCENTAGE

Generation 1, 827.01 42.3 %

Transmission 408.53 9.5 %

System Loss 227.73 5.3 %

Distribution

( Meralco)

1, 367.00 31.6 %

Subsidies 60.42 1.4 %

GovernmentTaxes

410.59 9.5 %

Universal Charges 20.07 0.5%

Other Charges 0.00 0.0%

TOTAL

4, 321.35 100 %


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How does magnetism produce

electricity? Most energy sources such as

oil, diesel, heat from the

earths interior are used tomake turbines work, whichare then connected to a

device called a generatorwhich converts mechanicalenergy into electrical energy.


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Materials

magnet

coil of wire LED light

Wooden stand


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Guide Questions:

1. Why did the LED light up when themagnet is turned around the axis?

2. Why is it possible to produce

electricity without an energysource?

3. In electric power plants, turbinesare connected to generators whichare composed of magnets and coils.How are turbines used to produceelectricity?


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Answers:

1. The LED light up because of the currentinduced in the coils of copper wire due tothe changing magnetic field.

2. A changing magnetic field induces currentin coils of wire. This is also known aselectromagnetic induction.


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3. Turbines are connected to

generators consisting of largemagnets and conductors.

Turbines are rotated

either mechanically or bymeans of steam from boilingwater which is heated by the

fuel source. Turbines producea changing magnetic fieldinside the generator which inturn produces electricity.

Answers:


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References:

Pople, Stephen (1996) Coordinated SciencePhysics, Oxford University Press, Oxford.2nded.

Renuga (2011) Lower Secondary Physics,

Secondary 1 & 2 Science. Fairfield BookPublishers, Singapore

McDougall Littell (2005) Science. HoughtonMifflin Company. Evanston IL

http://www.meralco.com.ph

http://www.youtube.com
http://www.meralco.com.ph/http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/http://www.meralco.com.ph/


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POST-TEST

1. In which of the followingunits is electrical consumptionmeasured by electric

companies for our householdconsumption ?

A.Kilowatt

B.Volt

C.Megawatt

D.Kilowatt hour


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2. Transformers are used to

raise the voltage alongsubstations and lower it forresidential consumption. What

kind of transformers is used toraise voltage?

A.Step-up

B.Step-downC.Neither of the two

D.Both


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3. Alexia turned on a lamp switch in herroom. Which of the following is the

correct path of electrical power thatcan be traced back to the source?

A. Power plant---transmission substations---distribution substations---residences

B. Transmission substations---power plants---residences---distribution substations

C. Residences---distribution substations---power plants---transmission substations

D. Distribution substations---transmissionsubstations---power plants----residences


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4. Who among the following

scientists discovered therelationship between electricityand magnetism?

A.Andrei Marie Ampere

B.Michael Faraday

C.Hans Christian Oersted

D.Alessandro Volta


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5. What energy transformation

takes place in a generator?

A.Electrical to mechanical

B.Heat to mechanical

C.Mechanical to electrical

D.Chemical to mechanical


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Thank you very

much for

listening!!!!

ANALYN N. DE GUZMAN

DAISYLYN C. ORTIZPresenter

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Seminar Grade 9 p6- LATEST