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This presentation reviews several concepts use by scientists when they characterize Asian and South East Asian corporations and associated networks. From the various criteria available in the literature, a tentative framework is presented, in order to initiate the discussion. Special attention is given to the conceptual confusions between mainland Chinese investments throughout the world, and Chinese/SEA corporations displaying aspects of “chinese culture” and “chinese business practices”. The concepts are narrowed in terms of industrial organisation (i.e. corporate structure, shareholding, private/public ownership, diversification, stock listing, franchising, JV practices), and the boundaries of organisational patterns are investigated, identifying various capitalist organisations from different cultural origins, which share similar patterns. A few examples from the literature are taken in order to explore the links between the spread of the corporate strategies and the increasing needs of natural resources created by the development of emerging economies such as Brazil, India, China. From there, this talk opens the discussion on the possibilities for a common conceptual framework for investigating the corporate strategies in the context of the green economy.
Citation preview
Conceptualising corporate strategies
versus emerging economic processes
Jean-Marc Roda - [email protected] - UPM
15/03/2012, Bogor
Thursday, March 14, 2013
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT
Timber and industrial wood
Firewood
Thursday, March 14, 2013
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT
Timber and industrial wood
Firewood
OilForest productsAgricultural commoditiesEquipment goods
Thursday, March 14, 2013
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Thursday, March 14, 2013
Why to question corporate strategies and policies ?• Economic processes influence corporation strategies and
policies (corporate policies are formal or informal guiding principles directing a company's activities)
• Emerging transnational corporations involved in the agro-forest sector have a growing influence on South- South governments agricultural and forest policies - sometime more than labels, international standards, boycotts etc...
• Corporate strategies and policies govern expansion plans and relations/influences with/on governments
Thursday, March 14, 2013
The “obscure”nature of “chinese” transnationals
Thursday, March 14, 2013
Example 1 : Ta Ann
Thursday, March 14, 2013
Example 1 : Ta Ann
Thursday, March 14, 2013
Example 2 : OLAM
Thursday, March 14, 2013
Conceptual confusions
• Chinafrica
• Chindiafrica
• Chinese investments in Africa
• Asian corporations in Africa
• “indian” firms (in Africa and SEA) i.e. OLAM
• “chinese” firms in (Africa and SEA) i.e. RH, WTK, Vicwood etc.
Thursday, March 14, 2013
A list of SEA corporations involved in oil-palm and forest• OLAM (“Indian ?”)
• FELDA (“Malaysian” Private ?)
• Sime Darby (“Malaysian” Private ?)
• Ta Ann (“Chinese” ?)
• WTK (“Chinese” ?)
• Sinar Mas (“Indonesian” ?)
• RH, Vicwood, Afriventures, ...
=> Singaporean, family owned and managed
=> Federal Land Development Authority, managed by civil servants
=> Former colonial private plantations, now state owned
=> Malaysian, family owned and managed
=> Malaysian, family owned and managed
=> Indonesian chinese, family owned and managed
=> QUESTIONS: what are the pertinent criteria ? ethnics, corporate structure, shareholding, ownership, management style... ?
Thursday, March 14, 2013
Journal of Management Research !""#$ %&'%()&&*$
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Typologies Strategies proposed Classification variables
Ansoff (1965)
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457<B8E$
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Buzzell et al. (1975) OI:0F:;=
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Utterback and Abernathy (1975)
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Miles and Snow (1978)
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Hofer and Schendel (1978)
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Patel and Younger (1978)
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Porter (1980)
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Wissema et al.(1980)
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Typologies Strategies proposed Classification variables
Miller (1988) !;;/L58/7I
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Schuler and Jackson (1987)
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Mintzberg (1988)
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Venkatraman (1989)
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Wright et al. (1992)
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Ward et al. (1996)
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Thompson and Strickland (1999)
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Kim and Mauborgne (1999) .50DB$!;;/L58:/;$ P/4HB8:8:LB$5EL5;85=B$
Chang et al. (2002) V7B(B4H8:LB>Z:7I8$4/LB7 R:4B;I:/;I$/K$6/4HB8:8:LB$
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Hitt et al. (2007)
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Journal of Management Research !""#$ %&'%()&&*$
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Taxonomies Strategies Proposed Classification Variables
Galbraith and
Schendel (1983)
M57LBI8 $"8758B=G$H/I8D7B$5;E$I8758B=G$E:7B68:/;$C@/850$+N$L57:5A0BIF$
O/7$89B$6/;ID4B7$=//EI$:;EDI87G$
PD:0EB7Q/;8:;D:8GQ0:4AB7#:69BQ5I9/D8
R/3$Q/44:84B;8 "8758B=G$H/I8D7B$5;E$I8758B=G$E:7B68:/;$C+N$L57:5A0BIF$
O/7$89B$:;EDI87:50$H7/ED68$:;EDI87G$
S5:;8B;5;6BT7/389#:69B$
Hambrick (1983)
Q/I8$RB5EB7I9:H$ "8758B=:6$69/:6B$5;E$I8758B=:6$H/I:8:/;$5887:AD8BI$O/7$E:I6:H0:;BE$65H:850$
=//EI$45<B7I$UIIB8$Q/;I6:/DI$O/00/3B7IM:=9$VD50:8G$TB;E574B
P7/5E$P5IBE$W:KKB7B;8:58:/; "8758B=:6$69/:6B$5;E$I8758B=:6$H/I:8:/;$5887:AD8BI$O/7$5==7BII:LB$45<B7I$/K$6/4H0BJ$65H:850$=//EI$
X7/IHB68/7I$UIIB8$Q/;I6:/DI$O/6DIB7I$
Robinson and Pearce (1988)
YKK:6:B;6G$5;E$"B7L:6B
+Z$6/4HB8:8:LB$4B89/EI$
#/$Q0B57$"8758B=G"B7L:6B>9:=9(H7:6B$457<B8I$5;E$P75;E$Q95;;B0$
!;K0DB;6BX7/ED68$!;;/L58:/;$5;E$
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!EB;8:K:658:/;>Q95;;B0$!;K0DB;6B$5;E$YKK:6:B;6G
Kim and Lim (1988) X7/ED68$W:KKB7B;8:58/7I
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Douglas and Rhee
(1989)
P7/5E$R:;B7 $S57<B8:;=$8568:6I-$457<B8$I6/HB-$ADI:;BII$IG;B7=G$C%Z$
I8758B=G$L57:5A0BIF$
!;;/L58/7!;8B=758BE$S57<B8B7R/3$VD50:8G#:69B7"G;B7=:I8
Huang (2001) !;;/L58:/; Y:=98$I858B4B;8I$5A/D8$I8758B=G$Q/I8$0B5EB7I9:H
"8D6<$:;$89B$S:EE0BLillo and Lajara
(2002) W:KKB7B;8:58:/; #:;B8BB;$L57:5A0BI$
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!;;/L58:/;X7/ED68$\KKB7:;=
U==7BII:LB$=7/389$3:89$;577/3$IHB6:50$H7/ED68
Powers and Hahn (2004)
TB;B750$W:KKB7B;8:58:/; +N$6/4HB8:8:LB$4B89/EI$O/6DI
"8D6<$!;$89B$S:EE0BQ/I8$RB5EB7I9:H
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Linking corporate structure, strategy, and policy
Thursday, March 14, 2013
Linking corporate structure, strategy, and policy
• Michael E Porter , 1980 : "Competitive Strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors"
• Murray Weidembaum, 1994: “The bamboo network”
Thursday, March 14, 2013
Building typologies with set of pertinent variables
Family typeSectoral typeManagement fund
type
:)"'0++3"'0+'%$(',%#2$-"'()"'*$3%(-#6'$-';)0%"+"'$-'<%&0,%'$-'9"+("-%6'73(','+"('$='7"),>0$3-+6'5-,*1*"+',%&'+(-,("/0"+6'(),('9"'90..'&"+*-07"',%&'-".,("'($'+(-3*(3-"+',%&'*$-5$-,("'(#5$.$/0"+
La Porta et al., 1999: Corporate ownership around the world
Thursday, March 14, 2013
.)'05)0'&"/=")1&"$()&'(,F/(,+"(&)@/'E:9/@,'#-",("&?*+,(,F/("/="*',5F5&-
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT
WTK Papua
Associative
Franchise &Personal loan
Managers
Workers
WTK Sarawak
Retail, supermarkets, diversification
LogsInitial capital for diversification
Sawmill+ plymill
Financial flowDecision line
Thursday, March 14, 2013