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End of WWII in the Pacific
Semester 2Week 5
Iwo Jima Iwo Jima was perfectly located, roughly
halfway between the Marianas & Japan At its S’rn tip was Mt. Suribachi, a
dormant volcano, the terrain was rugged, with rocky cliffs & dozens of caves
Japanese had built a vast network of caves & concrete bunkers connected by miles of tunnels
2/19/1945 60,000 U.S. Marines landed on Iwo Jima
Inch by inch, the marines crawled inland, using flamethrowers and explosives to attack the Japanese bunkers
7000 marines were killed before the island was capture
Okinawa 4/1/1945, U.S. troops landed on
Okinawa, the Japanese troops took up positions in the island’s rugged mountains
To dig the Japanese out of their caves & bunkers, the U.S. had to fight their way up steep slopes against constant machine gun & artillery fire
6/22/1945, Okinawa captured More than 12,000 American
soldiers, sailors, and marines died during the fighting
The Bombing of Tokyo Gen. Curtis LeMay - commander of the
B-29s based in the Marianas, ordered them to drop bombs filled with napalm (a kind of a jellied gasoline)
The bombs were designed not only to explode but also to start fires
The Tokyo firebombing killed over 80,000 people & destroyed more than 250,000 buildings
7/1945, Japan’s six most important industrial cities had been firebombed, destroying almost ½ of their total urban area
Manhattan Project The U.S. program to build an atomic
bomb was code-named the Manhattan Project and was headed by Gen. Leslie R. Groves
The project’s 1st breakthrough came in 1942, when physicists Leo Szilard & Enrico Fermi, built the world’s 1st nuclear reactor at the U. of Chicago
Groves organized a team of engineers & scientists to build an atomic bomb at a secret laboratory in Los Alamos, NM
J. Robert Oppenheimer led the team 7/16/1945, the world’s first atomic
bomb detonated near Alamogordo, NM
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Truman Makes a Tough Decision Truman’s advisers had warned him to
expect massive casualties if the U.S. invaded Japan
The Allies threatened Japan w/ “prompt & utter destruction” of the nation did not surrender unconditionally; the Japanese did not reply
Truman order for THE bomb to be dropped
The Bombs of JapanHiroshima
8/6/1945, U.S. plane named the Enola Gay, dropped “Little Boy,” a Uranium bomb on Hiroshima
150,000 causalities city was on fire for days
Nagasaki 8/9/1945, “Fat Man,”
a plutonium bomb, was dropped from the sky on the city of Nagasaki
100,000 causalities
Aftermath of the Cities Radiation poisoning, which was not
considered when dropping the bombs, continued to produce unpredictable symptoms
This claimed more victims with the years to come
Generation of Japanese still suffering Both cities were little more than mounds
of rubble near where the bombs hit
Before & After:Hiroshima
Before & After:Nagasaki
Japan Surrenders Japan was considering
surrendering 2 days before the bombs were dropped when the USSR entered the war on the Chinese front
8/14/1945, Japanese leaders accepted American terms
9/2/1945, Japan officially surrenders
PREPARE QUIZ TAKE OUT FULL, SEPARATE SHEET OF
PAPER
NUMBER 1-5
QUIZ1. This was perfectly located, roughly halfway
between the Marianas and Japan?2. He was commander of the B-29s based in the
Marianas?3. Who led the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos?4. What were the names of the 2 bombs dropped
in Japan?5. What were the names of the cities that the
bombs were dropped?